Afghanistan
1881 - c.1901
|
-
- c.1901 - 1919
|
-
- 1919 - 1921; 14-17
Jan 1929
|
-
- 1921 - Jun 1928
|
-
- Jun 1928 - 2 Sep
1928
|
-
- 2 Sep 1928 - 14/17
Jan 1929
|
-
- 17 Jan 1929 - 13
Oct 1929
|
-
- 13 Oct 1929 - 31 Oct
1931
|
-
- 31 Oct 1931 - 17
Jul 1973
|
-
- 17 Jul 1973 - 9
May 1974
-
|
-
- 9 May 1974 - 27 Apr
1978
-
|
-
- 27 Apr 1978 - 19
Oct 1978
-
|
19 Oct 1978 - 21 Apr
1980
|
-
- 21 Apr 1980 - 30
Nov 1987
-
|
-
- 30 Nov 1987 - 27
Apr 1992
-
|
-
- 27 Apr 1992 - 2 Dec
1992 (provisional)
-
-
|
-
- 2 Dec 1992 - 27 Sep
1996, 13 Nov 2001-27 Jan 2002
- (27 Sep 1996 - 7 Dec
2001 UN recognized Govt. Flag)
-
|
-
- 3 Apr 1996 - 27 Oct
1997 Taliban Flag
-
-
|
-
- 27 Oct 1997 - 7
Dec 2001 Taliban Flag
-
|
-
- 27 Jan 2002 - 4
Jan 2004
-
|
-
- 27 Jun 2002 - 4
Jan 2004 Official Variant
-
|
-
- 4 Jan 2004 - 15
Aug 2021
|
-
- Adopted 15 Aug
2021
|
|
Map
of Afghanistan |
Hear
National Anthem
"Daa dae baatoraano kor"
(This is the Home of the
Brave)
(1996-2001, from 15 Aug
2021
[a cappella, no instruments])
-------------------------------
Former
National Anthem
"Milli Surood"
(National Anthem)
(14 May 2006-15 Aug 2021)
-------------------------------
Former
National Anthem
"Soroud-e Melli"
(National Anthem)
(1992-1999, 2002-2006)
|
Hear
Former Anthem
"Soroud-e
Melli"
(National Anthem)
(1978-1992)
------------------------------------
Former
Anthem
"Soroud-e Melli"
(National Anthem)
(1973-1978)
--------------------------------------
Former
Anthem
"Loya Salami" (Grand Salute)
(1943-1973)
--------------------------------------
Former
Anthem (1926-1943)
(Royal Salute) |
2004
Constitution
(26 Jan 2004 - 15 Aug
2021)
------------------------------
Former
Constitutions
(1923, 1963, 1976, 1987,
1990) |
Capital:
Kabul
(Taliban: Kandahar 3 Apr - 27
Sep 1996, 13 Nov - 7 Dec 2001;
N. Alliance: Mazar-i Sharif
27 Sep 1996 - 13 Nov 2001)
(winter Peshawar 1776-1818;
summer Kandahar
[Ahmadshahi] 1747-1774)
|
Currency:
Afghani (AFN);
Afghanistan Rupee (AFR)
(1881-1927)
|
National
Holiday:
15 Aug (2021)
Anniversary of the Victory
of the Afghan Jihad
----------------------------
Former
Holidays (2004-2022):
19 Aug (1919)
Independence Day
and (2004-21): 28 Apr (1992)
Mujahideen Victory Day
|
Population:
40,121,552 (2024) |
GDP: $80.4
billion (2022)
|
Exports:
$1.47 billion (2020)
Imports: $6.98
billion (2020)
note: not including illicit exports
or re-exports.
|
Ethnic groups:
Pashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%,
Uzbek 9%,
Aimak 4%, Turkmen 3%, Baloch 2%,
others 4% (2004)
note: current reliable
statistical data on ethnicity are not
available;
Afghanistan's 2004 constitution
cited 14 ethnic groups:
Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek,
Turkman, Baluch, Pashaie, Nuristani,
Aymaq, Arab, Qirghiz, Qizilbash,
Gujur, and Brahwui ethnicities;
Afghanistan has dozens of other small
ethnic groups.
|
Total Afghan
Armed Forces: 170,000 (2024)
Merchant marine:
None (2024)
|
Religions:
Muslim 99.7% (Sunni 84.7-89.7%, Shi'a
10-15%),
other 0.3% (2009)
|
International
Organizations/Treaties: ADB,
AIIB,
APA, APM, BTWC, CCM, CICA, CP,
CSTO (observer), CTBT, CWC, ECO, ENMOD,
ESCR, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD (suspended),
ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IDB,
IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF (suspended),
Interpol, Intersputnik, IOC, IOM, IPU
(observer), IRENA, ISA (observer),
ISESCO, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM,
NPT, NTBT, OIC,
OPCW, OSCE (partner), OST, SAARC, SACEP,
SCO (observer), UN, UNCLOS (signatory),
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP,
UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO,
WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|
Afghanistan
Index
|
Chronology
1504
Divided between the Moghul Empire
(Kabul) and
Persia (Herat)
with control of Kandahar
alternating
between them.
21 Apr
1709
Mir Wais frees Kandahar from Persian
rule.
12 Oct 1722 - 25 Apr 1725
Afghans under Mir Mahmud occupy
Isfahan in Persia
12 Mar
1738
Persia under Nadir Shah reasserts
control over
Kandahar, renamed Nadirabad; Kabul
(from 19 Jun
1738), Herat (already from 22 Aug
1731) and
Lahore (from 12 Jan 1739).
Jul
1747
Independence (Emirate [or Kingdom] of
Afghanistan)
under Kabul; but supremacy is
contested from
Herat (1797, 1818-19, 1819-56,
1857-63, 1863-68,
1880-81); Kandahar (1772, 1793,
1804-05, 1808, 1809,
1819-58, 1863-68, 1880-81); Ghazni
(1879-80); and
Peshawar (1801, 1818-23).
25 Apr 1839 - 6 Jan 1842 British
India intervention (taking Kabul 7
Aug 1839).
22 Nov 1878 - 22 Apr 1881
British India occupation (in Kabul
12 Oct-14 Dec 1879
and 24 Dec 1879-22 Jul 1880).
19 Mar 1880 - 19 Aug
1919 British manage foreign
affairs by mutual agreement
(formally by 21 Mar 1905 Treaty of
Kabul;
formally
ended by Treaty of Kabul 22 Nov
1921,
ratified
on 6 Feb 1922).
2 Oct
1881
Re-integration of Herat.
10 Sep
1885
North-western border defined
by Russia - U.K. protocol
(not
accepted by Afghanistan until 12 Nov
1893).
19 Aug
1919
Independence celebrated (proclaimed
13 Apr 1919).
9 Apr 1923
Exalted State of Afghanistan
17 Jul
1973
Afghanistan (proclaimed a republic in
accordance with
a
declaration of 17 Jul 1973).
26 Jul 1973 - 28 Apr 1978
Republican State of Afghanistan
28 Apr 1978
Constitution of 1977 is abrogated in
accordance with the
declarations of the Military
Revolutionary Council.
30 Apr
1978
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
27 Dec 1979 - 15 Feb 1989
Invasion and
occupation by the Soviet Union.
30 Nov
1987
Republic of Afghanistan
28 Apr 1992 - 22 Dec 2001
Islamic State of Afghanistan (from
27 Sep 1996,
largely retaining international
recognition).
4 Apr
1996
Taliban proclaim Mullah Mohammad Omar
as Commander of
the Faithful (Amir al-Mo´menin)
in Kandahar.
4 Apr 1996 - 26 Oct 1997
Islamic State of Afghanistan.
27 Sep
1996
Taliban enter Kabul.
26 Oct 1997 - 7 Dec
2001 Islamic Emirate of
Afghanistan (state
name changed in
accordance with a guidance of Amir
al-Mo´menin of
13
Oct 1997)(not internationally
recognized).
19 Oct 2001 - 22 Dec
2001 Invasion and occupation by
U.S. and NATO forces.
13 Nov
2001
Kabul falls to the Northern Alliance,
Kandahar falls
to U.S. forces on 7 Dec 2001.
22 Dec 2001
Inauguration of the Interim
Administration of
Afghanistan at ceremony Kabul.
22 Dec 2001
Afghanistan
19 Jun
2002
Transitional Islamic State of
Afghanistan
7 Dec
2004
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
15 Aug
2021
Polity ceases to exist de facto with
the occupation
of
Kabul by the armed forces of the
Taliban;
remaining U.S. and NATO forces depart
30 Aug 2021.
15 Aug
2021
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
(restored).
|
Afghanistan
(since 1880)
|
Kabul
(1747-1901)
|
Herat
(1747-1881)
|
Kandahar
(1708-1881)
|
Peshawar
(1747-1823)
|
Exile Government
(1988-1992)
|
Other
Former
Afghan Polities
|
Andkhui
(c.1730-1880)
|
Badakhshan
(1657-1873)
|
Ghurian
(1804-1816) |
Konduz
(1647-1888)
|
Khulm
(Kholm)
(c.1800-1849)
|
Maimana
(c.1731-1892)
|
Sar-i-Pul
(c.1800-1875)
|
Shibarghan
(1747-1875) |
1849
Map of
Afghanistan
|
|
Note: Before 1881 there were
essentially three additional rulers' capitals contending
for supremacy over the national capital Kabul and the
Afghan state: Herat, Kandahar, and Peshawar
(the last now in Pakistan). All rulers of Kabul,
Herat, Kandahar, and Peshawar belong belong to the
Abdali tribal group, whose name was changed to Durrani
(Dorrani) on the accession of Ahmad Shah. They belong
either to the Saddozay segment of the Popalzay clan
(typically with the style padshah [king]) or to
the Mohammadzay segment of the Barakzay clan (typically
with the style Amir, in full Amir
al-Mo´menin [Leader of the Faithful]). The
Mohammadzay also furnished the Saddozay kings frequently
with top counselors, who served occasionally as regents,
identified with the epithet Mohammadzay.
Kabul
1881 - c.1901
|
Great Kings of Afghanistan (Padshah)
Jul 1747 - 4 Jun 1772 Ahmad
Shah "Durr-i Durran"
(b. 1722 - d. 1772)
5 Jun 1772 - Aug 1772
Sulayman Shah
Aug 1772 - 19 May 1793 Timur
Shah
(b. 1746 - d. 1793)
24? May 1793 - 24 Jul 1801 Zaman
Shah
(b. c.1767 - d. 1845)
24 Jul 1801 - Jul 1803
Mahmud Shah (1st
time)
(b. c.1769 - d. 1829)
13 Jul 1803 -
1809
Shuja` al-Mulk Shah (1st time)
(b. 1785 - d. 1842)
1807 - 1808
Qaysar Shah (in rebellion)
3 May 1809 - 1826
Mahmud Shah
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1818
Sultan `Ali
Shah
(d. 1819)
1818 - 1829
Ayyub Shah
(d. 1837)
1823
Habibollah Shah
1823 -
1826
Sultan Mohammad Khan
(b. 1795 - d. 1861)
Mohammadzay -Regent
1826 -
1836
Dost Mohammad
Khan
(b. 1792 - d. 1863)
Mohammadzay -Regent
1829 - 1842
Kamran
Shah
(d. 1842)
Emir
1836 - 2 Aug
1839
Dost Mohammad Khan (1st
time) (s.a.)
(exiled Aug 1839-Aug 1840 to
Bukhara, 12 Nov 1840-Apr
1843 India)
Kings
8 May 1839 - 6 Apr 1842 Shuja`
al-Mulk Shah (2nd time) (s.a.)
1841 - Apr
1842
Mohammad Zaman Khan
Mohammadzay -Regent
(in rebellion)
Apr 1842 - 12 Oct 1842
Fath Jang Shah
(d. 1855)
12 Oct 1842 - Apr 1843 Shahpur
Shah
(d. 1884)
Emirs
Apr/May 1843 - 9 Jun 1863 Dost Mohammad
Khan (2nd time) (s.a.)
12 Jun 1863 - 25 May 1866 Shir `Ali Khan (1st
time)
(b. 1825 - d. 1879)
(entered Kabul Sep 1863; lost control of Kabul Mar
1866-11 Sep 1868)
25 May 1866 - 4 Oct 1867 Mohammad
Afzal
Khan
(b. 1811 - d. 1867)
(extended control to Kandahar in Jan 1867)
11 Oct 1867 - Oct 1868
Mohammad A`zam
Khan
(b. 1818 - d. 1869)
(lost control of Kabul 21 Aug 1868, fled
country Oct 1868)
11 Sep 1868 - 22 Feb 1879 Shir `Ali Khan
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
(entered Kabul 11 Sep 1868; fled to Mazar-i Sharif on
13 Dec 1878)
28 Feb 1879 - 28 Oct 1879 Mohammad Ya`qub
Khan
(b. 1849 - d. 1923)
1879 - 31 Mar
1880
Mohammad Jan -Minister-regent
(b. .... - d. 1880)
British General Officer Commanding, Kabul
Field Force
28 Oct 1879 - 2 May 1880 Sir Frederick
Sleigh Roberts (b. 1832 - d.
1914)
General Officer Commanding, Northern Afghanistan
Field Force
2 May 1880 - 22 Jul 1880 Sir Donald Martin
Stewart
(b. 1824 - d. 1900)
Emirs
20/27 Dec 1879-20 Apr 1880 Musa Jan
Khan
(b. 1868 - d. 1951)
(proclaimed ruler in Ghazni, Ghazni occupied by U.K.
army 20 Apr 1880)
20 Jul 1880 - 3 Oct 1901 Abdul Rahman
Khan
(b. 1844 - d. 1901)
(recognized by U.K. on 22 Jul 1880)
Chief ministers (Wazir-i-azam)
1747 - 1773
Bagi Khan Salihzai Bamizai
(Shah Wali Khan)
1773 -
1774
Sardar Rahim Dad Khan Sultan
Muhammad Barakzay
(chief of royal secretariat)
177. - 1793
Payinda Khan Mohammadzay (Barakzay)(b.
c.1728 - d. 1798)
Sarfraz Khan
1793 - 1801
Rahmatullah Khan Kamran Khel
Sadozai (Wafadar Khan)
1801 –
1803
Fateh Khan Mohammadzay (Barakzay) (b. 1780 – d.
1818)
(1st time)
1803 - 1808
Shir Mohammad
Khan
(d. 1808)
1808 - 1809
Nawab Mohammad `Uman
Khan
1809 - 1817
Fateh Khan Mohammadzay
(Barakzay) (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1818
Dost
Mohammad Khan Mohammadzay
(s.a.)
1818 - 1823
Mohammad `Azim Khan
(b. 1785 - d.
1823)
1823
Habibollah Khan
1823 - 1824
Yar Mohammad Khan Alikozay
(b. c.1790 - d. 1851)
1824 - 1826
Soltan Mohammad Khan Mohammadzay
(s.a.)
1826? - 1839
Mirza Sami Khan
1839 - 1840
Mullah Shakur Ishakzai
1840 - 1842
Mohammad `Usman Khan Sadozay
(b. 1798 - d. 1865)
1841 - May 1842
Aminullah Khan Logari
(in
rebellion, with Mohammad Zaman Khan)
May 1842 - Sep 1842 Mohammad
Akbar Khan
(b. 1816 - d. 1847)
Oct 1842 - Dec 1842 Gholam
Mohammad Khan Bamizai
+ Khan Shirin
Khan Jawansher
1842 - c.1848?
Mohammad Akbar Khan
(d. c.1848)
c.1848? - 1855
Gholam Haydar
Khan
(b. 18.. - d. 1858)
1855 - 1863
....
1863 - 18..
Mohammad Rafiq Khan
c.1869 - 1878
Sayyid Nur Mohammad
Khan
(d. 1878)
c.1878 - 1880
Mirza Mohammad Hassan Khan
British Chief Political Officer
19 Mar 1880 - 22 Jul 1880 Lepel Henry Griffin
(Griffin Sahib)(b. 1838 - d. 1908)
(appointed 30 Jan 1880, arrived 19 Mar 1880)
Regional Rulers:
Herat
- c.1829 - 26 May 1863
|
25 Oct 1856 - 24 May 1857 Direct rule of
military authorities of Persia, occupying Herat.
Persian Governor
1695 - 1708
Sultan Abdullah Khan Abdali
(b. 1670 - d. 1721)
Shah (in rebellion against Persia)
1708 - Aug 1712 Abdullah
Khan
(s.a.)
Persian Governors
16 Oct 1712 - 4 Oct 1720 Shahzada Assadullah
Khan Abdali (b. 1687 - d. 1720)
15 Jul 1722 - Aug 1724 Shahzada Muhammad
Khan Abdali (d. 1750)
Aug 1724 - 21 Apr 1730 Allah Yar Khan Abdali
(1st time)
21 Apr 1730 - Jul 1731 Sardar Zulfikhar Khan
Abdali (d. af.1738)
Jul 1731 - 27 Feb 1732 Allah Yar
Khan Abdali (2nd time)
Great Kings of Afghanistan (in dissidence, at Herat)
Jul 1747 -
1797
see Kabul
Jan? 1797 - Sep/Oct 1797 Mahmud Shah
(1st time)
(d. c.1829)
1797 -
1818
see Kabul
1818 -
1819
Mahmud Shah (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1819
see Kandahar
1819 -
1826
Mahmud Shah (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1829 - 1842
Kamran
Shah
(d. 1842)
1842 - 1 Jun 1851
Yar Mohammad
Khan
(b. c.1790 - d. 1851)
Alikozay -Minister-regent
1 Jun 1851 - 15 Sep 1855 Sayyed
Mohammad Khan
(d. 1855)
Alikozay -Minister-regent
15 Sep 1855 - Jun 1856
Mohammad Yusuf
Khan
(d. 1857)
Mohammadzay -Regent
Jun 1856 - Oct
1856 Isa Khan
Bardorani -Minister-regent
Oct 1856 - 27 Jul 1857 occupied
by Persia
Emirs of Afghanistan (in
opposition, at Herat)
27 Jul 1857 - 26 May 1863 Sultan Ahmad
Khan
(d. 1863)
26 May 1863 - 9 Jun 1863 see Kabul
9 Jun 1863 - 8 Sep 1868 Shir `Ali
Khan
(b. 1825 - d. 1879)
8 Sep 1868 - 12 Oct 1879 see Kabul
Mar 1880 - 2 Oct 1881
Mohammad Ayyub
Khan
(b. 1855 - d. 1914)
Chief ministers (Wazir)
1801 - 1818
Fateh Khan Mohammadzay
(Barakzay) (s.a.)
1818 - 1828/29
Ata Mohammad Khan
1828/29 - Mar 1842 Yar
Mohammad Khan Alikozay
(s.a.)
Kandahar (Qandahar)
- c.1881
|
11 May
1880
The province of Kandahar is detached from the domains of
the former
Muhammadzai rulers as a de facto separate polity upon the
installation of a ruler titled wali approved by the
government of
British India and recognized by the British crown.
11 May 1880 - 21 Apr 1881 Kandahar
(Qandahar).
21 Apr
1881
Sovereignty of Kandahar was rescinded when the city and
citadel of
Kandahar were transferred from the military officials of
British
India to the officials of Abdul Rahman Khan.
Persian Governors
May 1704 - 21 Apr 1709
Gorgin Khan (= Giorgi XI of Kartli) (b. 1651 -
d. 1709)
Nov 1709 - 26 Oct 1711
Ki-Khosrow (= Kaikhosro of Kartli) (b.
c.1674 - d. 1711)
21 Apr 1709 - 1715
Mir Wais Khan Hotaki
(b. c.1673 -
d. 1715)
(in rebellion to 1711)
1715 (6 months)
Mir Abdollah Khan Hotaki
(d. 1715)
1715 - 1722
Mahmud Shah Hotaki
(b. c.1699 - d. 1725)
1722 - 12 Mar 1738
Hussain Sultan Khan
Hotaki
(d. 1738)
Great Kings of
Afghanistan (in opposition, at
Kandahar)
Jul 1747 - Aug
1772 see
Kabul
Aug 1772 -
1772
Sulayman Shah
1772 - May
1793
see Kabul
May 1793 - Sep/Oct 1793 Humayun Shah
(1st time)
Sep/Oct 1793-Sep/Oct 1794
see Kabul
Sep/Oct 1794-6/7
Jan 1795 Humayun Shah (2nd time)
6/7 Jan 1795 - 1806
see Kabul
1803 -
1804
Qaysar Shah
1804 -
1805
Kamran Shah
1805 -
1808
see Kabul
1808
Mahmud Shah (1st time)
(d. 1829)
1808 -
1809
see Kabul
1809 - 3 May
1809
Mahmud Shah (2nd time)
(s.a.)
3 May 1809 -
1818 see
Kabul
1819 -
1826
Shirdil Khan Mohammadzay -Regent
(b. c.1786 - d. 1826)
1826 -
1839
Purdil Khan Mohammadzay -Regent
(b. c.1785 - d. 183.)
Apr 1839 - 5 Apr
1842 Shuja` al-Mulk
Shah
(s.a.)
May 1842 -
1842
Safdar Jang Khan Saddozay -Regent
1842 - Aug
1855
Kohandil Khan Mohammadzay -Regent
(b. c.1792 - d. 1855)
Aug 1855 - Nov
1855 Mohammad
Sadeq Khan
Mohammadzay -Regent
Nov 1855 - Jul
1858 Ghulam
Haydar
Khan
(b. 18.. - d. 1858)
Mohammadzay -Regent
Jul 1858 - 9 Jun
1863 see Kabul
Emirs of Afghanistan (in opposition, at
Kandahar)
1863 -
1865
Mohammad Amin
Khan
(b. 18.. - d. 1865)
1865 - Jan
1867
Shir `Ali Khan (1st
time)
(b. 1825 - d. 1879)
Jan 1867 - 7 Oct
1867 Mohammad Afzal
Khan
(b. 1811 - d. 1867)
7 Oct 1867 - Apr
1868 Mohammad A`zam
Khan
(b. 1818 - d. 1869)
Apr 1868 - 8 Sep
1868 Shir `Ali Khan (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
8 Sep 1868 - 12 Oct 1879 see
Kabul
1880 - 21 Apr
1881
Shir `Ali Khan
(d. 1897)
Barakzay -Minister-regent
21 Apr 1881 - 20 Jul 1881 see Kabul
20 Jul 1881 - 22 Sep 1881 Mohammad Ayyub
Khan
(s.a.)
Peshawar
1747
Part of Afghanistan.
8 May 1758 -
1759
Occupied by Maratha Empire.
1818 -
1822
Peshawar valley a Sikh vassal.
6 May
1834
Independent rule is rescinded after the capture of the
citadel
of Peshawar by the armed forces of the Sikhs (see Punjab under
Indian Princely states).
Great Kings of Afghanistan (in opposition,
at Peshawar)
Jul 1747 - Aug
1801 see
Kabul
Aug 1801 - Sep
1801 Shuja`
al-Mulk Shah (1st time)
(s.a.)
Sep 1801 -
1818
see Kabul
1818
Ayyub Shah (1st time)
(d. 1837)
1818
Shuja` al-Mulk Shah (2nd
time) (s.a.)
1818 - 1829
Ayyub Shah (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Afghanistan
General Secretaries of the People's Democratic
(Communist) Party of Afghanistan (HDK)
1 May 1978 - 16 Sep
1979 Nur Mohammad
Taraki
(b. 1917 - d. 1979)
16 Sep 1979 - 27 Dec 1979 Hafizullah
Amin
(b. 1929 - d. 1979)
27 Dec 1979 - 4 May 1986 Babrak
Karmal (= Sultan Hussain) (b. 1929 - d.
1996)
4 May 1986 - 28 Jun
1990 Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzay
(b. 1947 - d. 1996)
Commanders of the Faithful (style Amir
al-Mu'minin)(de facto Rulers)
4 Apr 1996 - 13 Nov 2001 Mullah
Mohammad Omar Akhund (b.
1960 - d. 2013) Tal
(continues in rebellion to 23 Apr
2013)
29 Jul 2015 - 21 May 2016 Akhtar Mohammad
Mansour
(b. c.1968 - d. 2016)Tal
(in rebellion)
15 Aug 2021
-
Mullah
Hibatullah Akhundzada
(b.
c.1960)
Tal
(in rebellion from 25 May 2016)
Emirs¹
20 Jul 1880 - 3 Oct 1901 Abdul
Rahman
Khan
(b. 1844 - d. 1901)
(proclaimed at assembly in Charikar 20 Jul
1880;
recognized by the U.K. on 22 Jul 1880)
Apr 1887 - 16 Jun 1887 Timur
Shah Khan Ghilzay
(d. 1887)
(in rebellion, at Herat)
1 Aug 1887 - 29 Sep 1887
Sardar Mohammad Ishaq Khan
(b. c.1851 - d. 1894)
(in rebellion, at Balkh)
14 Aug 1887 - Sep 1887 Mohammad
Ayyub Khan
(b. 1855 - d. 1914)
(in rebellion, at Herat)
3 Oct 1901 - 20 Feb 1919
Habibullah Khan
(b. 1872 - d. 1919)
20 Feb 1919 - 27 Feb 1919 Nasrullah
Khan
(b. 1875 - d. 1920)
(recognized by notables in Jalalabad 20 Feb 1919,
publicly proclaimed 21 Feb 1919, abdicated 27 Feb
1919)
21 Feb 1919 - 9 Jun 1926 Amanullah Khan
(b. 1892 -
d. 1960)
(recognized by notables in Kabul 21 Feb 1919)
Kings¹
9 Jun 1926 - 14 Jan 1929
Amanullah
Shah
(s.a.)
14 Jan 1929 - 17 Jan 1929 Inayatullah
Shah
(b. 1888 - d. 1946)
(publicly proclaimed 14 Jan 1929, abdicated 17 Jan
1919)
Emirs¹
14 Dec 1928 - 13 Oct 1929 Habibullah
"Ghazi"
(b. 1890? - d. 1929)
(recognized at a meeting outside Kabul 14 Dec 1928,
publicly proclaimed in Kabul 16 Jan 1929)
c.23 Jan 1929-28 Feb 1929 Ali Ahmad Khan (1st
time)
(b. 1883 - d. 1929)
(in rebellion, at Jalalabad)
Jan 1929 - 23 May 1929
Amanullah Khan -King¹
(s.a.)
(in rebellion, at Kandahar)
23 May 1929 - 1 Jun 1929 Ali Ahmad
Khan (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(in rebellion, at Kandahar)
1929 - 15 Oct
1929
Mohammad Nadir
Khan
(b. 1880 - d. 1933)
(in rebellion, at Khost)
Kings¹
15 Oct 1929 - 8 Nov 1933 Mohammad Nadir
Shah
(s.a.)
8 Nov 1933 - 17 Jul 1973 Mohammad Zahir
Shah
(b. 1914 - d. 2007)
(from 15 Jun 2002, styled "Baba-i millat-i Afghan"
[Father of the Afghan Nation])
President
18 Jul 1973 - 15 Feb 1977 Mohammad Daud
Khan Mohammadzay (b. 1909 - d.
1978) Ind;1976 NRP
State President
15 Feb 1977 - 27 Apr 1978 Mohammad Daud
Khan Mohammadzay
(s.a.)
NRP
Chairman of the
Military Revolutionary Council of the National Armed
Forces of Afghanistan
27 Apr 1978 - 30 Apr
1978 Abdul Qadir Dagarwal
(b. 1944 - d. 2014) Mil
Presidents of the Revolutionary Council
30 Apr 1978 - 16 Sep 1979 Nur Mohammad
Taraki
(s.a.)
HDK
16 Sep 1979 - 27 Dec 1979 Hafizullah
Amin
(s.a.)
HDK
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Revolutionary
Council and Presidents of the Revolutionary Council
27 Dec 1979 - 20 Nov 1986 Babrak
Karmal
(s.a.)
HDK
20 Nov 1986 - 30 Sep 1987 Mohammad Shamkani
(acting) (b. 1947 -
d. 2012) Non-party
30 Sep 1987 - 30 Nov 1987 Mohammad Najibullah
Ahmadzay
(s.a.)
HDK
Presidents
30 Nov 1987 - 16 Apr 1992 Mohammad Najibullah
Ahmadzay
(s.a.)
HDK;1990 HW
18 Apr 1992 - 28 Apr 1992 Abdul Rahim Hatif
(acting)
(b. 1926 - d. 2013) HW
President of the Jihad Council and Representative
28 Apr 1992 - 28 Jun 1992 Sibghatullah
Mojaddedi
(b. 1925 - d. 2019) JNM
President of the Leadership Council and President
6 May 1992 - 2 Jan 1993 Burhanuddin
Rabbani
(b. 1940 - d. 2011) JIA
(in dissidence to 28 June 1992)
President
2 Jan 1993 - 22 Dec 2001 Burhanuddin
Rabbani
(s.a.)
JIA;+ 1997
(in rebellion 27 Sep 1996 - 13 Nov
2001,
UINFSA
largely retaining international recognition)
Heads of the Supreme Council2
27 Sep 1996 - 16 Apr 2001 Mullah Mohammad
Rabbani Akhund (b. 1955 - d.
2001) Tal
16 Apr 2001 - 13 Nov 2001 Maulavi Mohammad Abdul
Kabir (b.
c.1960)
Tal
(acting)
Chairman of the Interim Administration
22 Dec 2001 - 19 Jun 2002 Hamid Karzay
(b.
1957)
Non-party
Presidents
19 Jun 2002 - 29 Sep 2014 Hamid
Karzay
(s.a.)
Non-party
29 Sep 2014 - 15 Aug 2021 Mohammad Ashraf Ghani
Ahmadzay (b.
1949)
Non-party
(fled country 15 Aug 2021)
9 Mar 2020 - 17 May 2020 Abdullah
Abdullah
(b.
1960)
IM
(in dissidence)
17 Aug 2021 - 6 Sep 2021 Amrullah Saleh
(acting)
(b.
1972)
BM
(in Panjshir, in dissidence)
Heads of the Interim Government2
7 Sep 2021
-
Mullah Mohammad Hasan Akhund
(b. 1953?)
Tal
(interim)
17 May 2023 - 17 Jul 2023 Maulavi Mohammad Abdul
Kabir
(s.a.)
Tal
(acting for Hasan)
Chief ministers (Wazirs)
1892 -
1901
Mir Abdul Kasim
1905 -
1916
Sardar Abdul Kuddus
Khan
(b. 1842 - d. 1928)
1916
Ali Ahmad Khan
Barakzay
(b. 1883 - d. 1929?)
+ Sardar Mohammad Sulaiman Khan (b.
bf.1880 - d. 1928)
(acting)
1916 - 20 Feb
1919
Nasrullah
Khan
(s.a.)
Prime ministers
Mar 1919 - 25 Oct
1927 Sardar Abdul Kuddus
Khan
(s.a.)
Non-party
25 Oct 1927 - 17 Jan 1929
Sardar Shir Ahmad "Sura-i Milli" (b. 1883 - d.
1929) Non-party
17 Jan 1929 - 14 Nov 1929 Vacant
14 Nov 1929 - 9 May 1946
Sardar Mohammad Hashim
Khan (b. 1884
- d. 1953) Non-party
9 May 1946 - 20 Sep 1953
Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan
Gazi (b. 1887 - d.
1959) Non-party
20 Sep 1953 - 14 Mar 1963 Sardar Mohammad
Daud
Khan
(s.a.)
Non-party
Mohammadzay
14 Mar 1963 - 2 Nov 1965 Mohammad
Yusuf
(b. 1917 - d. 1998) Non-party
2 Nov 1965 - 11 Oct 1967 Mohammad
Hashim
Maiwandwal
(b. 1919 - d. 1973) Non-party
11 Oct 1967 - 1 Nov 1967 Abdullah
Yaqta
(interim)
(b. 1914 - d. 2003) Non-party
1 Nov 1967 - 9 Jun 1971
Mohammad Nur Ahmad
Etemadi
(b. 1921 - d. 1979) Non-party
9 Jun 1971 - 12 Dec 1972 Abdul
Zahir
(b. 1910 - d. 1982) Non-party
12 Dec 1972 - 17 Jul 1973 Mohammad Musa
Shafiq
(b. 1932 - d. 1979) Non-party
17 Jul 1973 - 27 Apr 1978 Post abolished
1 May 1978 - 27 Mar 1979 Nur
Mohammad
Taraki
(s.a.)
HDK
27 Mar 1979 - 27 Dec 1979 Hafizullah
Amin
(s.a.)
HDK
27 Dec 1979 - 11 Jun 1981 Babrak
Karmal
(s.a.)
HDK
11 Jun 1981 - 26 May 1988 Sultan Ali
Keshtmand (1st time) (b.
1935)
HDK
26 May 1988 - 21 Feb 1989 Mohammad Hasan
Sharq
(b.
1925)
Non-party
21 Feb 1989 - 8 May 1990 Sultan Ali
Keshtmand (2nd time)
(s.a.)
HDK
8 May 1990 - 15 Apr 1992 Fazl
al-Haqq
Khaliqyar
(b. 1934 - d. 2004) HDK;6-1990 HW
15 Apr 1992 - 6 Jul 1992
Vacant
6 Jul 1992 - 15 Aug 1992 Abdul Sabur
Farid
Kohistani (b.
1952 - d. 2007) HIA-G
15 Aug 1992 - 17 Jun 1993 Vacant
17 Jun 1993 - 28 Jun 1994 Gulbuddin
Hekmatyar (1st time) (b.
1949)
HIA-G
28 Jun 1994 - 16 Nov 1995 Arsala Rahmani
Daulat (acting) (b. 1937 - d.
2012) IT
16 Nov 1995 - 26 Jun 1996 Ahmad Shah
Ahmadzay (acting)
(b. 1944 - d. 2021) IT
26 Jun 1996 - 27 Sep 1996 Gulbuddin
Hekmatyar (2nd time)
(s.a.)
HIA-G
(continues under Burhanuddin Rabbani to 11 Aug 1997)
11 Aug 1997 - 21 Aug 1997 Abdul Rahim
Ghafoorzai
(b. 1947? - d. 1997) UINFSA
(under Burhanuddin Rabbani)
21 Aug 1997 - 30 Sep 1997 Mohammad Ali
Jawid (acting)
(b.
1950)
HIA
(under Burhanuddin Rabbani)
30 Sep 1997 - 29 Sep 2014 Post
abolished
Chief executive
29 Sep 2014 - 9 Mar 2020 Abdullah
Abdullah
(s.a.)
IMH
Heads of the Interim Government
7 Sep 2021
-
Mullah Mohammad Hassan
Akhund (s.a.)
Tal
(interim)
17 May 2023 - 17 Jul 2023 Maulavi Mohammad Abdul
Kabir
(s.a.)
Tal
(acting for Hassan)
-
- 2002 - 28 Dec 2008 ISAF
|
-
- 28 Dec 2008 - 12 Jul 2021 RS
|
Commanders, International Security Assistance
Force (ISAF)
10 Jan 2002 - 20 Jun 2002 John Chalmers
McColl
(U.K.) (b.
1952)
20 Jun 2002 - 10 Feb 2003 Hilmi Akın
Zorlu
(Turkey)
(b. 1948 - d. 2014)
10 Feb 2003 - 11 Aug 2003 Norbert van
Heyst (Germany) (b.
1944)
11 Aug 2003 - 9 Feb 2004 Götz
Gliemeroth (Germany)
(b. 1943)
9 Feb
2004 - 9 Aug 2004 Rick J. Hillier
(Canada)
(b. 1956)
9 Aug
2004 - 13 Feb 2005 Jean-Louis Py
(France)
(b. 1948)
13 Feb 2005 - 5 Aug 2005 Ethem
Erdaği
(Turkey)
(b. 1949)
5 Aug
2005 - 4 May 2006 Mauro Del Vecchio
(Italy)
(b. 1946)
Commanders, U.S. Forces Afghanistan and
International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)
4 May 2006 - 6 Feb 2007
David J. Richards
(U.K.)
(b. 1952)
6 Feb 2007 -
3 Jun 2008 Dan K. McNeill (U.S.)
(b. 1946)
3 Jun 2008 - 15
Jun 2009 David D. McKiernan (U.S.)
(b. 1950)
15 Jun 2009 - 23 Jun 2010 Stanley A.
McChrystal (U.S.) (b. 1954)
23 Jun 2010 - 4 Jul 2010 Sir
Nicholas "Nick" Parker (U.K.) (b. 1954)
(acting)
4 Jul 2010 - 18 Jul
2011 David H. Petraeus
(U.S.)
(b. 1952)
18 Jul 2011 - 10 Feb 2013 John R. Allen
(U.S.)
(b. 1953)
10 Feb 2013 - 26 Aug 2014 Joseph F.
Dunford, Jr. (U.S.) (b.
1955)
26 Aug 2014 - 28 Dec 2014 John F.
Campbell
(U.S.)
(b. 1957)
Commanders, U.S. Forces Afghanistan and
NATO Operation Resolute Support
28 Dec 2014 - 2 Mar 2016 John
F. Campbell
(U.S.)
(s.a.)
2 Mar 2016 - 2 Sep 2018 John
"Mick" W. Nicholson Jr. (U.S.)(b. 1957)
2 Sep 2018 - 12 Jul 2021 Austin
Scott Miller
(U.S.)
(b. 1961)
12 Jul 2021 - 30 Aug 2021 Kenneth F.
McKenzie, Jr. (U.S.) (b. 1957)
Commanders of Soviet Forces (40th Combined Army)(in
Kabul)
27 Dec 1979 - 23 Sep 1980 Yuriy
Vladimirovich Tukharinov (b. 1927 - d.
1998)
23 Sep 1980 - 12 May 1982 Boris
Ivanovich Tkach
(b. 1935 - d. 2010)
13 May 1982 - 3 Nov 1983 Viktor
Fyodorovich Yermakov (b.
1935)
3 Nov 1983 - 19 Apr
1985 Leonid Yevstafyevich Generalov
(b. 1937 - d. 1991)
19 Apr 1985 - 30 Apr 1986 Igor
Nikolayevich Rodionov (b.
1936 - d. 2014)
30 Apr 1986 - 1 Jun 1987 Viktor
Petrovich Dubynin
(b. 1943 - d. 1992)
1
Jun 1987 - 15 Feb 1989 Boris Vsevolodovich
Gromov (b.
1943)
British General Officer Commanding,
Kabul Field Force
28 Oct 1879 - 2 May 1880 Sir Frederick
Sleigh Roberts (b. 1832 -
d. 1914)
British General Officer Commanding, Northern
Afghanistan Field Force
2 May 1880 - 22 Jul 1880 Sir Donald
Martin Stewart (b.
1824 - d. 1900)
British Envoys and Ministers
7 Aug 1839 - 23 Dec 1841 William Hay
Macnaghten
(b. 1793 - d. 1841)
Dec 1841 - 6 Jan
1842 Eldred Pottinger
(acting)
(b. 1811 - d. 1843)
British Agents (Wakil)
1857 - Mar
1859
Nawab Faujdar Khan
Alizai
(d. 1875)
Apr 1859 -
1865
Gholam Husain Khan Alizai
(d. 1881)
Feb 1864 - Jan
1868 Bukhtiar
(Bakhtyar) Khan (acting) (d. 1879)
Jan 1868 - 1879
Ata Mohammad Khan Khagwani
(d. 1897)
(from 1875, Nawab Ata Mohammad Khan Khagwani)
British Envoy and Minister Plenipotentiary
24 Jul 1879 - 3 Sep 1879 Pierre
Louis Napoleon Cavagnari (b. 1841 - d.
1879)
British Chief Political Officer
19 Mar 1880 - 22 Jul 1880 Lepel Henry
Griffin (Griffin Sahib)(b. 1838 - d. 1908)
(appointed 30 Jan 1880, arrived 19 Mar 1880)
British Agents of the Government of India
at Kaboul (Kabul)
Jun 1882 - Jun
1885 Khan
Bahadur Mohammad Afzal Khan (d.
af.1906)
1885 - Jul
1891
Mirza Attaullah Khan Sardar
Jul 1891 -
1894
Sardar Mohammad Afzal Khan
Dec
1894
Mohammad Izzat Khan (acting)
Dec 1894 - Sep
1895 Mohammad
Akram
Khan
(b. 1852 - d. 1895)
1897 -
1900
Maulvi Ghafoor Khan
Mar 1900 -
1903
Hafiz Mohammad Nawaz Khan
Jul 1903 -
1907
Malik Khuda Bakhsh Khan Tiwana
(b. 1868 - d. 1930)
Mar 1907 - Jul
1910 Fakir
Sayyid
Iftikharuddin
(b. 1873 - d. 19..)
Jul 1910 - Nov
1913 Malik
Talib Mehdi
Khan
(b. 1871 - d. 19..)
Nov 1913 - Aug
1919 Hafiz
Saifullah Khan
Afghan Interim Government in
exile (in Peshawar, Pakistan) 1988-1992
President
14 Feb 1989 - 27 Apr 1992 Sibghatullah
Mojaddedi
(s.a.)
JNM
Prime ministers
19 Jun 1988 - 14 Feb
1989 Ahmad Shah Ahmadzay
(s.a.)
IT
14 Feb 1989 - 27 Apr
1992 Abdul Rab Rasul Sayyaf
(b.
1946)
IT
-
- 1929 Qandahar Transitional
Flag
|
¹full
title:
(a) the title Emir (Amir)
was dropped from international use since Jun 1926, but the
coins bore this title as part of the tughra to the
accession of Nadir Shah in 1929; the styles Da
Afghanistan Padshah in Pashto and Padshah-i
Afghanistan ("King of Afghanistan") in
Persian are found in the Constitutions of 1923 and 1931.
The styles used in the Constitution of 1964 were Bacha
in Pashto and Padshah ("King") in Persian. The
official styles used for the promulgation of laws
(published in Afghanistan Official Gazette in 1964-1973)
were Da Afghanistan Bacha in Pashto and Padshah-i
Afghanistan ("King of Afghanistan") in
Persian.
2the
de facto leader during the Taliban rule from 3 Apr 1996,
starting in Kandahar, and taking Kaubul
27 Sep 1996, was Mullah Mohammad Omar Akhund (s.a.), styled
Amir al-Mo´menin. The United
Nations, U.S. and most countries recognized the
government of Burhanuddin Rabbani (s.a.) as the
legitimate government of Afghanistan during the Taliban
period. During this period the Burhanuddin
Rabbani government controlled only Takhar and
parts of Badakhshan provinces. The Rabbani government
retakes Kabul on 27 Sep 1996 and drives the Taliban
from Kandahar 7 Dec 2001. On 15 Aug 2021, the
Taliban retake Kabul and on 19 Aug 2021 restore the
Islamic Emirate under Amir
al-Mo´menin Mawlawi Hibatullah Akhundzada
(s.a.).
International Disputes:
Afghan and Iranian commissioners have discussed
boundary monument densification and resurvey; Iran
protests Afghanistan's restricting flow of dammed
Helmand River tributaries during drought; Pakistan
has built fences in some portions of its border with
Afghanistan which remains open in some areas to
terrorist and other illegal activities. Their
alignments may not always be in conformance with
Durand Line and original surveyed definitions of the
boundary; successive governments in Afghanistan,
including the Taliban, have not accepted the 1947
demarcation line; Boundary follows Amu Darya river
as delimited in the Afghan-Soviet treaties and not
by the river's current course. The boundary was
delimited and possibly demarcated during Soviet
times (pre-1991). No current negotiations between
Afghanistan and Uzbekistan to redelimit the boundary
have been identified.; Russia remains concerned
about the smuggling of poppy derivatives from
Afghanistan through Central Asian countries.
Party abbreviations (parties
banned 4 Jul 1998-13 Nov 2001 and from 16 Aug 2023):
BM = Basij-i Milli (National Movement, also known
as Rawand-i Sabz-i Afghanistan [Afghanistan Green
Trend], centrist, Islamic democratic, reformist, Amrullah
Saleh personalist, est.2010); HIA
= Harakat-i Islami-yi Afghanistan (Islamic Movement of
Afghanistan, Shi'a Islamist, est.1978); HIA-G
= Hizb-i Islami-yi Afghanistan - Gulbuddin
(Islamic Party Afghanistan-Gulbuddin, HIA-Gulbuddin
Hekmatyar faction, radical islamist, G.
Hekmatyar personalist, Pashtun,
est.1977); IM
= I'tilaf-i Milli-yi Afghanistan/Da
Afghnistan da Milli I'tilaf, (National Coalition of
Afghanistan, Hamid Karzai opposition, communitarianism,
Islamist, populist, est.2010); Ind =
Independent; JIA =
Jam'iyyat-i Islami-yi Afghanistan (Islamic Association
of Afghanistan, moderate islamist, Tajik, est.1968); JMI
= Junbish-i Milli-yi Islami-yi Afghanistan
(National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan, left-wing,
mainly Uzbek, est.1992); JNM =
Jabha-yi Nijat-i Milli-yi Afghanistan (National
Liberation Front of Afghanistan,
anti-communist, moderate islamist,
mainly Pashtun, est.1978); Tal
= Tahrik-i Islami-yi Taliban
Afghanistan/Da Afghanistan da Talibano Islami Tahrik
(Islamic Movement of Students of Afghanistan, Islamic
fundamentalist, mainly Pashtun,
government party 1997-2001 and from 2021, banned 26 Jan
2004-15 Aug 2021, est.1994);
Mil = Military;
- Former parties:
HDK = Hizb-i Dimukratik-i
Khalq-i Afghanistan (People's Democratic Party of
Afghanistan, communist, 1990 renounced Marxism,
1965-28 Jun 1990, then HW); HW
= Hizb-i Watan (Fatherland Party, social-democratic,
former HDK, 1990-1992); IT
= Ittihad-i Islami Bara-yi Azadi-yi Afghanistan
(Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan,
extreme Islamist, mainly Pashtun, 1981-2005, renamed
Hizb-i Tanzim-i Da'wat-i Islami-yi Afghanistan/Da
Afghanistan da Da'wat Islami Tanzim [Islamic Mission
Organization of Afghanistan]); NRP
= Hizb-i Inqilab-i Milli (National
Revolutionary Party, Mohammad Daud personalist, 1977-1978
government party, Pashtun nationalist,
1976-1978); UINFSA
= Jabha-yi Muttahid-i Islami-yi Milli bara-yi Nijat-i
Afghanistan (National Islamic United Front for the
Salvation of Afghanistan, "Northern Alliance",
anti-Taliban coalition incl. JMI, IT, Hizb-i
Wahdat [Unity Party] and HIA, Sep
1996 - Dec 2001)
Other Polities Incorporated into
Afghanistan
Andkhui (Andkhroy)
c.1730/31
Andkhui khanate under
Afshar dynasty (under suzerainty of Bukhara).
1820 -
1880
Under Afghanistan suzerainty.
1847
Andkhui (Andkhroy) is sacked by Yar Mohammad Khan, the
ruler of Herat.
31 Jan
1873
Allotted to Afghanistan by the 1873 Anglo-Russian
border agreement.
1880
Incorporated into Afghanistan.
Khans
c.1730/31 -
1736
'Ali Mardan Khan
(for Nadir Shah Afshar)
c.1736 -
1790?
Sulaiman Khan
1750/51
Mukhless Khan
c.1790 -
1812
Rahmatullah Khan
c.1812 -
c.1830
Yulduz Khan
c.1830 -
1835
'Abd al-'Aziz Khan
c.1835 -
1844
Shah Wali Khan
(d. 1847)
1844 -
1845
Ghazanfar Khan (1st time)
1845
Sufi Khan (1st time)
1845 -
1847
Ghazanfar Khan (2nd time)
1847
Sufi Khan (2nd time)
1847 -
1869
Ghazanfar Khan (3rd time)
1869 -
c.1880
Daulat Beg Khan
(d. 1889)
Badakhshan
1504 -
1584
Part of the Mughal Empire.
1641 -
1647
Part of the Mughal Empire.
1657
(Uzbek) Badakhshan khanate.
1750? - c.1793
Incorporated into Afghanistan (Kabul).
1768
Conquest of Badakhshan by Qubad Khan of Qataghan.
1793 - 1873
Part of Bukhara
khanate.
1822 -
1859
Tributary to Konduz (Qonduz).
1859 - 1873
Tributary to Afghanistan.
31 Jan
1873
Badakhshan, with its dependent district Wakhan, allotted
to
Afghanistan (Kabul) by the 1873 Anglo-Russian border
agreement.
1873
Incorporated into Afghanistan.
Rulers (title Mir)
1657 -
1708
Mir Yar Beg Sahibzada
(d. 1708)
1708 -
1713
Sulaiman Beg I
1713 -
1718
Yusuf 'Ali Khan
1718 - 1737
Ziya' al-Din
1737 -
17..
Sulaiman Beg II
17.. -
1748
Mirza Kalan I
1748 - 1768
Sultan Shah I
1768 -
17..
Burhan ad-Din
17.. -
17..
Mirza Kalan II
17.. -
17..
Ahmad Shah Khan
17.. -
17..
Mirza Kalan III
17.. -
1792
Zaman ad-Din
1792 - 1821
Mir Muhammed Shah
1822 -
1828
Mirza Kalan IV
1828 -
1829
Mirza Abd al-Ghaful
1829 -
1832
Murad Beg
1832 -
1838
Mirza Sulaiman
1838 -
1847
Sultan Shah II
- jointly with -
1844 - 1864
Mir Shah Nizam ad-Din
1864 -
1869
Jahandar Shah
1863 -
1864
Sardar Abdur Rahman
Khan
(b. 1844 - d. 1863)
(Afghan governor of Qataghan and Badakhshan)
1866 -
1867
Mizrab Shah
(appointed by the Afghans)
1869 -
1873
Mahmud Shah
Ghurian (Ghourian)
1747 - 1795
Part of Afghanistan.
1795 - 1816
Part of Persia.
Dec
1804
Ghurian Qaraei khanate (within Persia).
1816 - 1818
Incorporated into Afghanistan (Herat).
1818 -
1837
Incorporated into Persia.
1833 -
1837
Re-incorporated into Afghanistan (Herat).
1837 -
1844
Re-incorporated into Persia.
1844
Re-incorporated into Afghanistan (Herat).
Rulers (title Hakim)
1804 - 1813
Yusef Ali Khan
Qaraei-Torbati
1813 - 1816
Sardar Mohammad Khan
Qaraei-Torbati(b. c.1790 - d. 1850)
Konduz (Qonduz)
1508
Konduz (Kunduz, Qonduz) khanate founded.
1520 -
1545
Annexed to Badakhshan.
.... -
1698
Annexed to Badakhshan.
Jun
1859
Incorporated into Afghanistan (local rulers continue
to 1888).
1866 -
1867
Occupied by Badakhshan.
Khans
1647 - 1657
Beg Murad
1657 - 1714
Mahmud Beg
1714 - 17..
Sohrab Beg
17.. - 1740
Yusuf Beg
1740 - 1753
Hazara Beg
1753 - 1800
Mizrab Beg
1800 - 1815
Kokan Beg
1815 - 1846
Muhammad Murad
Beg
(b. 1780 - d. 1846)
1846 - 1860
Sultan Murad
1869 - 1888
Sultan Ali Murad Beg
Khulm (Kholm)
1800? - 1841
Under suzerainty of Konduz (Qonduz).
1849
Khulm
(Kholm) annexed by Afghanistan.
Rulers
1800? - 1817
Qilij Ali Beg Khan
1817 - 1849
Muhammad Amin
Beg
Maimana
(Maymana)
c.1506
Conquered by Persia.
1612/30
Maimana khanate, under the Mingid dynasty.
Nov 1849 - Sep
1850 Maimana
under seige by Afghan ruler Yar Mohammad (of Herat).
31 Jan
1873
Allotted to Afghanistan by the 1873 Anglo-Russian
border agreement.
1875
Khanate rebels against Afghanistan, but is crushed and
the city sacked.
Mar 1876 - Feb 1879
Incorporated into Afghanistan.
May 1879 - Nov
1879
Incorporated into Afghanistan.
1888 -
1889
Maimana under Herat due to the revolt of Sardar Ishaq
Khan.
1892
Re-incorporated into Afghanistan.
Khans
1612/30 -
1653/56?
Ataliq Uraz Bi Ming bin Baruti Bi
1653/56? -
c.1731
unknown
c.1731? -
1772
Hajji Bi Khan
1772 -
c.1795
Jan Khan
1795
....
[unnamed eldest son of Jan Khan]
1795 -
1804
Muhammad Rahim Khan
1804 -
1814
Ataliq Ahmad Quli
Khan
(d. 1814)
1814 -
1830
'Ali Yar Khan
1830
Persian Regent
1830 -
1831
'Abd al-Mu'min Khan
1831 -
1845
Mizrab Khan
1845 - 1862
Hukumat Khan
+ Sher Muhammad Khan (to 1848)
1862 -
1876
Muhammad Husain Khan (1st time)
(b. c.1840 - d. ....)
Mar 1876 - Sep
1877 Ghulam
Muhammad Reza Khan
(Afghan governor)
Sep 1877 - Nov
1877 Munshi
Muhammad Husain Khan
(Afghan governor)
Nov 1877 - Feb
1879 Muhammad
Akbar Khan
(Afghan governor)
Feb 1879 - May
1879 Muhammad
Husain Khan (2nd time)
(s.a.)
May 1879 - Nov
1879 Sardar
'Abdullah Jan Khan Nasiri
(Afghan governor; for Ya'qub Khan)
Dec 1879 - Feb 1880
Civil war between Muhammad
Husain Khan
and Dilawar
Khan
Feb 1880 - 21 May 1884 Dilawar
Khan
21 May 1884 - 1888
Muhammad Husain
Khan (3rd time) (s.a.)
1888 -
1889
under Herat
1889 - 1892
Muhammad Sharif Khan
Sar-i-Pul (Sari Pol)
c.1510
Part of Persia.
17.. -
....
Part of Bukhara khanate.
c.1731 - c.1814
Ruled by Maimana.
1750?
Incorporated into Afghanistan.
c.1814
Sar-i-Pul (Sar-e Pol, Sari Pul) khanate, secedes
from Maimana.
1861 - 1862
Afghan military government (see Kabul).
1864 - 1866
Incorporated into Afghanistan (see Kabul).
31 Jan
1873
Allotted to Afghanistan by the 1873 Anglo-Russian
border agreement.
1875
Incorporated into Afghanistan.
Rulers (title Beglarbegi)
c.1731 - 1800
under Maimana
c.1800 -
1840
Zu'l-Faqar Sher Khan
(for Maimana to c.1814)
1840 -
1851
Mahmud Khan
c.1851 - 1862
Qilij Khan
1861 - 1862
Afghan
military government
1862 - 1864
Muhammad Khan (1st time)
1864 - 1866
Afghan
governor(s)
1866? -
1875
Muhammad Khan (2nd time)
(1867 temporarily under Hakim Khan of
Shibarghan)
Shibarghan (Sheberghan)
c.1747
Shibarghan (Sheberghan,
Shaburghsn) an (Uzbek) khanate.
c.1747
-
1757
Under Bukhara suzerainty.
1855 - 1859
Occupied by
Afghanistan.
31
Jan
1873
Allotted to Afghanistan by the 1873 Anglo-Russian border
agreement.
1875
Incorporated into Afghanistan.
Rulers (title Hakim)
c.1747 -
1757
Izbasar (for Bukhara)
c.1757
- 1800
Daulat Khan
c.1800
- 1820
Erich Khan
c.1820
- 1829
Manwar Khan
c.1829
- 1851
Rustam
Khan
(b. c.1805 - d. ....)
1846
Husain Khan (?)
1851 -
1855
Hakim Khan, Nizam
al-Daula
(d. 1876/77)
(1st time)
Aug
1854
Mir Wali of Khulm
(briefly, for Bukhara)
1855
- 1859
Sardar Wali Muhammad Khan
Barakzai
(Afghan
military governor)
1859
-
1875
Hakim Khan, Nizam al-Daula
(s.a.)
(2nd time)(with Afghan Resident)
Shughnan (Shighnan):
see Gorno-Badakhshan
© Ben Cahoon
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