Kuwait
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- to 3 Nov 1914 (Ottoman
Empire)
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- to 1899
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- 1899 - 29 Jul 1909
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- 29 Jul 1909 - 19 Nov 1914
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- 19 Nov 1914 - 1921
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1921 - 7 Sep 1961
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- 7 Sep 1961 - 8 Aug
1990; Restored 27 Feb 1991
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- 8 Aug 1990 - 27 Feb 1991
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Map
of Kuwait |
Hear National Anthem
"Al-Nasheed Al-Watani"
(National Anthem)
Adopted 25 Feb 1978 |
Former National Anthem
"As-salam
al-amiri"
(Amiri Salute)
(1951-25 Feb 1978)
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Constitution
(11 Nov 1962)
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Capital:
Kuwait City
(Kadhima 28 Aug 1990
- 26 Feb 1991)
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Currency:
Kuwaiti Dinar
(KWD); 1959-1961 Persian
Gulf Rupee (XPGR); 1899-1959
Indian Rupee (INR) |
National
Holiday: 25 Feb (1950)
National Day
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Population:
2,916,467 (2018)
immigrants accounting for
more than 69.5% |
GDP: $289.7
billion (2017)
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Exports:
$55.17 billion (2017)
Imports: $29.5
billion (2017)
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Ethnic groups:
Kuwaiti 30.4%, other Arab 27.4%,
Asian 40.3%, African 1%, other 0.9%
(includes European,
North American, South American, and
Australian) (2018)
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Total Active
Armed Forces: 15,500 (2018)
U.S. Military Forces:
13,000 (2019)
Merchant marine:
158 ships (2018)
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Religions:
Muslim (official) 74.6%, Christian
18.2%, other
and unspecified 7.2% (2013
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International
Organizations/Treaties:
ABEDA, AfDB (nonregional), AFESD, AIIB
(signatory), AL, AMF, AOAD, APA, APM,
Arabsat, BDEAC, BIS, BTWC, CAEU, CD,
CTBT, CWC, ENMOD, ESCR, FAO, G-77,
GAFTA, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt
(signatory), ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC,
IOM (observer), IPU, IRENA,
ISA, ISESCO,
ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, Moon, NAM, NATO
(cooperation initiative), NPT,
NTBT, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, OST, Paris
Club (associate), PCA, UN, UNCLOS,
UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNIDO,
UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WTO
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Kuwait
Index
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Chronology
1534
Part of the Ottoman Empire.
1623 -
1638
Persian occupation.
1710
Kuwait city founded.
1752
Al Sabah lineage founds Kuwait.
1871
Rulers recognize sovereignty of the
Ottoman
Empire (as kazan
[district] of Baghdad,
from 1875 Basra, vilayet
[see Iraq]).
23 Nov 1899
U.K.- Kuwait exclusive
agreement.
29 Jul
1913
U.K. agrees to recognize Kuwait as an
autonomous
kazan
of the Ottoman Empire and
Ottomans agree to
Kuwaiti complete administrative
autonomy and U.K.
agreements with it (in a semicircle
with the town
of
Kuwait in the center, the Khawr
al-Zubayr at
the
northern extremity and al-Qurrayin at
the
southern extremity including Warba and
Bubiyan
Islands), by the Anglo-Ottoman
Convention
(not ratified).
3
Nov 1914 - 19 Jun 1961 British
protectorate (sometimes
spelled Koweit).
2
Dec 1922 - 25 Jan 1970
Kuwaiti-Saudi Arabian neutral zone in
southern
border area.
19 Jun
1961
State of Kuwait
2
Aug 1990 - 26 Feb 1991
Iraqi occupation.
7
Aug 1990 - 8 Aug 1990
Republic of Kuwait (under Iraqi
occupation).
9 Aug 1990 -
26 Feb 1991 Annexed by Iraq
(from 28 Aug 1990, as its 19th
province;
incorporation rescinded 20
Mar 1991).
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Historical
Maps
of
Kuwait
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Rulers¹ (1871 - 3 Nov 1914 also Kaymakam
[district administrator])
1752 - bf.5 Sep 1758
Sheikh Abu `Abd Allah
Sabah I ibn (b. c.1652 - d. 1758)
Jabir Al Sabah
bf.5 Sep 1758 - 3 May
1814 Sheikh Abdullah I ibn Sabah
Al (b. c.1740 - d. 1814)
Sabah
3 May 1814 -
1859 Sheikh
Jabir I ibn Abdullah Al (b.
c.1770 - d. 1859)
Sabah
1859 - Nov
1866
Sheikh Sabah II ibn Jabir Al Sabah (b. c.1784 - d. 1866)
Nov 1866 - May
1892 Sheikh
Abdullah II ibn Sabah Al (b. 1814 - d.
1892)
Sabah
May 1892 - 17 May 1896
Sheikh Muhammad al Sabah Al Sabah (b. 1831 - d.
1896)
18 May 1896 - 28 Nov 1915 Sheikh Mubarak
al-Lahab ibn Sabah (b. 1837 - d. 1915)
Al Sabah "the Great"
28 Nov 1915 - 5 Feb 1917 Sheikh
Jabir II Al Mubarak Al (b.
1860 - d. 1917)
Sabah
5 Feb 1917 - 22 Feb
1921 Sheikh Salim Al Mubarak Al Sabah
(b. 1864 - d. 1921)
22 Feb 1921 - 29 Jan 1950 Sheikh Ahmad Al
Jabir Al Sabah (b. 1885 - d.
1950)
29 Jan 1950 - 19 Jun 1961 Sheikh Abdullah
III Al Salim Al (b. 1895 - d. 1965)
Sabah
Emirs¹
19 Jun 1961 - 24 Nov 1965 Sheikh Abdullah
III Al Salim Al (s.a.)
Sabah
24 Nov 1965 - 31 Dec 1977 Sheikh Sabah
III Al Salim Al Sabah (b. 1915 - d. 1977)
31 Dec 1977 - 2 Aug 1990 Sheikh
Jabir III Al Ahmad Al Jabir (b. 1926 - d. 2006)
Al Sabah (1st time)
(in at-Ta´if, Saudi Arabia
exile 2 Aug 1990 - 14 Mar 1991)
(Iraqi-installed) Head of State¹
2 Aug 1990 - 8 Aug 1990 Alaa Hussein
Ali Al Khafaji Al (b.
1948?)
Ba'ath/Mil
Jabir
Iraqi Governors
9 Aug 1990 - Nov
1990 Ali Hassan al-Majid
"Chemical Ali" (b. 1941 - d. 2010) Ba'ath/Mil
Nov 1990 - 26 Feb 1991
Aziz Salih Hassan al-Numan
(b. 1941/45)
Ba'ath/Mil
Emirs¹
26 Feb 1991 - 15 Jan 2006 Sheikh Jabir
III Al Ahmad Al Jabir (s.a.)
Al Sabah (2nd time)
21 Sep 2001 - Jan
2002 Sheikh Saad Al Abdullah Al
Salim (b. 1929 - d. 2008)
Al Sabah -Regent
(and
military governor 4 Mar - 26 Jun 1991)
15 Jan 2006 - 24 Jan
2006 Sheikh Saad Al Abdullah Al Salim
(s.a.)
Al Sabah
24 Jan 2006 - 29 Sep
2020 Sheikh Sabah IV Al Ahmad Al Jabir (b.
1929 - d. 2020)
Al Sabah
18 Jul 2020 - 29 Sep 2020 Sheikh Nawaf Al Ahmad Al
Jabir (b. 1937)
Al Sabah -Regent
29 Sep 2020 -
Sheikh Nawaf Al Ahmad Al Jabir
(s.a.)
Al Sabah
Prime ministers (Chairmen of the council of
ministers)
17 Jan 1962 - 2 Feb 1963 Sheikh
Jabir Al Ahmad Al Jabir
(s.a.)
Non-party
Al Sabah (1st time)
2 Feb 1963 - 30 Nov
1965 Sheikh Sabah Al Salim Al
Sabah
(s.a.)
Non-party
30 Nov 1965 - 8 Feb 1978 Sheikh
Jabir Al Ahmad Al Jabir
(s.a.)
Non-party
Al Sabah (2nd time)
8 Feb 1978 - 15 Jul
2003 Sheikh Saad Al Abdullah Al Salim
(s.a.)
Non-party
Al Sabah
(in at-Ta´if, Saudi Arabia exile 2
Aug 1990 - 4 Mar 1991)
15 Jul 2003 - 11 Feb 2006 Sheikh Sabah
Al Ahmad Al Jabir
(s.a.)
Non-party
Al Sabah
11 Feb 2006 - 4 Dec 2011
Sheikh Nasser Muhammad Al Ahmad (b.
1941)
Non-party
Al Sabah
4 Dec 2011 - 19
Nov 2019 Sheikh Jabir Mubarak Al Ahmad
(b. 1942)
Non-party
Al Sabah
19 Nov 2019
-
Sheikh Sabah Al Khaled Al Hamad (b.
1953) Non-party
Al Sabah
British (Secret News) Agent
Aug 1899 - Aug
1904 Haji Ali
bin Ghulam Riza
British Political Agents
(subordinated to the chief political residents of
the Persian Gulf; see under
Bahrain)
Aug 1904 - May 1905
Stuart George Knox
(1st time) (b. 1869 - d. 1956)
May 1905 - Oct 1905
Daud al-Rahman (acting)
Oct 1905 - Apr 1909
Stuart George Knox (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Apr 1909 - Jan 1914
William Henry
Irvine Shakespear (b. 1878 - d. 1915)
Jan 1914 - Jun
1916 William George
Grey
(b. 1866 - d. 1953)
Jun 1916 - Mar
1918 Robert
Edward Archibald Hamilton (b. 1871 - d.
1950)
Mar 1918 - Sep
1918 Percy
Gordon
Loch
(b. 1887 - d. 1963)
Sep 1918 - Feb
1920 Daniel
Vincent
McCollum
(b. 1886 - d. 1967)
Feb 1920 - May 1920
L.M. D'Mello (acting)
25 May 1920 - May 1929
James Carmichael
More
(b. 1883 - d. 1959)
Apr 1927 - Oct 1927
Cyril Charles Johnson
Barrett (b. 1884 - d.
1933)
(acting
for More)
23 May 1929 - Feb
1936 Harold Richard Patrick
Dickson (b. 1881 - d. 1959)
(1st time)
28 May 1931 - 11 Sep 1931
Allen Leslie Greenway
(acting for Dickson)
17 Jun 1934 – 16 Oct
1934 Ralph Ponsonby Watts
(b. 1892 - d. 1991)
(acting for Dickson)
4 Feb 1936 - May
1939 Gerald Simpson de Gaury
(b. 1897 - d.
1984)
8 Apr 1937 - 22 May 1937 Andrew
Charles Stewart
(b. 1907 - d. 1979)
(acting for de Gaury)
23 May 1937 - 11 Jun 1937 Allen
Leslie Greenway
(acting
for de Gaury)
16 May 1939 - May
1941 Arnold Crawshaw Galloway
(b. 1901 - d. 1988)
7 May 1941 - Aug
1941 Harold Richard Patrick
Dickson (s.a.)
(2nd time)
17 Aug 1941 - Sep
1943 Tom
Hickinbotham
(b. 1903 - d. 1983)
Jun 1943 - Aug
1943 Gordon
Noel
Jackson
(b. 1913 - d. 1999)
(acting for Hickinbotham)
Oct 1943 - Jun
1944 Cornelius
James Pelly (1st time) (b. 1908 - d. 1985)
Jun 1944 - Apr
1945 Gordon Noel
Jackson
(s.a.)
20 Apr 1945 - Mar
1946 Maurice Patrick O'Connor
Tandy (b. 1912 - d. 1986)
(1st time)
Mar 1946 - May 1946
Richard Ernest Rowland
Bird (b. 1912
- d. 1986)
May 1946 - Apr 1948
Maurice Patrick O'Connor Tandy
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1948 - 1953
Herbert George Jakins (1st time) (b. 1897 - d.
1988)
1953 - 1954
Leslie
Frederick Charles Chauncy (b. 1904 - d.
1986)
1954 - 1955
Herbert George Jakins (2nd time) (s.a.)
1955
Cornelius James Pelly (2nd time) (s.a.)
1955 -
1957
Gawain Westray
Bell
(b. 1909 - d. 1995)
1957 -
1959
Aubrey Seymour Halford-MacLeod
(b. 1914 - d. 2000)
1959 -
1961
John Christopher Blake Richmond (b.
1909 - d. 1990)
1961
John
Lawrie
Christie
(b. 1922 - d. 2001)
¹The full style of the ruler:
(a) to 19 Jun 1961: Hakim
al-Kuwayt ("Ruler of Kuwait");
(b) from 19 Jun 1961: Amir
Dawlat al-Kuwayt ("Emir of the State of
Kuwait");
(c) 2 Aug 1990 - 8 Aug 1990 (under occupation): Hukuma
al-Kuwayt al-Harra al-Mu'aqqata: Ra'is al-Wuzara’ wa
al-Qa’id al-Amm li al-Qut al-Masaha ("Provisional
Government of Free Kuwait: Prime Minister and
Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces").
Territorial Disputes: Kuwait and
Saudi Arabia continue negotiating a joint maritime
boundary with Iran; no maritime boundary exists with
Iraq in the Persian Gulf.
Political parties: (none; while the formation
of political parties is not permitted, they are not
forbidden by law); Mil = Military;
- Former party:
Ba'ath = Hizb al Ba'ath al'Arabiyah al
Ishtiraki (Arab Socialist Rebirth Party
{Iraqi Baath Party], dictatorial socialist, 8
Aug 1990-27 Feb 1991 only legal party)
© Ben Cahoon
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