Singapore
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- 6 Feb 1819 -
c.1868, 1946 - 12 Sep 1948
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- c.1868 - c.1879
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- c.1879 - 1904
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1904 - 1925
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1925 - 15 Feb 1942,
12 Sep 1945 - 1 Apr 1946
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15 Feb 1942 - 12 Sep
1915
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- 12 Sep 1948
- 3 Dec 1959
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Adopted 3 Dec 1959
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Map
of Singapore
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Hear
National Anthem
"Majulah Singapura"
(Onward Singapore)
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Text
of National Anthem
Adopted 3 Dec 1959
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Constitution
(3 Jun 1959)
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Capital:
Singapore
(Straits Settlements-
Penang
1826-1837; Singapore
1837-1946)
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Currency:
Singapore Dollar
(SGD); 1963-1965 Malaysian
Ringgit (MYR); 1946-1963
Malaya Dollar (MYAD)
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National
Holiday: 9 Aug (1965)
Singapore National Day
(Hari Kebangsaan Singapura)
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Population:
6,209,660 (2019)
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GDP: $528.1
billion (2017)
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Exports:
$396.8 billion (2017)
Imports: $312.1
billion (2017)
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Ethnic groups:
Chinese 74.3%, Malay 13.4%, Indian 9%,
other 3.2% (2018)
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Total Armed
Forces: 72,500 (2010)
Merchant marine:
3,433 ships (2019)
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Religions:
Buddhist 33.2%, Christian 18.8%,
Muslim 14%, Taoist 10%, Hindu 5%,
other 0.6%, none 18.5% (2015)
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International
Organizations/Treaties: AC (observer),
ADB, AIIB, AOSIS, APA, APEC, ARF,
ASEAN, BIS, BTWC, C, CP, CPTPP, CTBT,
CWC, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-77, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICC, ICRM, ICSID, IDA,
IEA (association), IFC, IFRCS,
IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC,
IORA, IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISO,
ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT,
OPCW, OST, PA (associate), PCA,
RCEP (signatory), UN, UNCLOS,
UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA,
UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Singapore
Index
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Chronology
6 Feb
1819
British (East India Company)
protectorate.
3
Aug
1824
Ceded to Britain by Sultan of Johore;
under British East India Company rule.
14 Aug
1826
Part of the Straits Settlements
(Malacca, Penang,
Singapore)(under British East India
Company
rule 1826-1858).
1 Nov 1858
- 1 Apr 1867 Subordinated
to British India.
1
Apr
1867
Straits Settlements a separate crown
colony.
15 Feb 1942 - 12 Sep
1945 Japanese occupation of
Singapore (renamed Syonan
["Light of the South"], from
17 Feb 1942 Syonan
Special
Municipality [Tokubetusi].
In May 1942,
the
Rio, Linga, Karimun, Tambelan,
Anambas, and
Natouna archipelago of former Dutch
Sumatra are
incorporated into the Shonan Special
City).
5 Sep
1945
British military forces begin to
arrive.
12 Sep 1945 - 1 Apr 1946
British military administration.
1
Apr
1946
Singapore a separate crown colony.
6 Apr
1955
Autonomy
3 Jun
1959
State of Singapore (Negara
Singapura).
31 Aug
1963
Independence from U.K.
proclaimed.
16 Sep 1963 - 9 Aug
1965 Part of Malaysia
(State of Singapore).
9 Aug 1965
Singapore is proclaimed independent.
22 Dec
1965
Republic of Singapore (Republik
Singapura)
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Singapore
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Straits
Settlements (1826-1946)
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Straits Settlements
Map
of the Straits Settlements
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Capital: Singapore
(George Town [Penang]
1826-1829, 1830-1836)
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Currency:
1858-1946
Straits Settlements
Dollar (STSD);
1826-1858 East India
Company Dollar (XEID) |
Population: 1,370,300 (1939)
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14 Aug
1826
Straits Settlements (Malacca, Penang, Singapore)
(British East India Company rule to 1 Nov 1858, then
subordinated to British India
to 1 Apr 1867).
1 Apr 1867 - 1 Apr 1946 Straits
Settlements a separate crown colony.
15 Feb 1942 - 12 Sep 1945 Japanese
occupation.
Governors
27 Nov 1826 - 12 Nov 1830 Robert
Fullerton
(b. 1773 - d. 1831)
12 Nov 1830 - 7 Dec 1833
Robert
Ibbetson
(b. 1789 - d. 1860)
7 Dec 1833 - 17 Nov 1836
Kenneth
Murchison
(b. 1794 - d. 1854)
18 Nov 1836 - May 1843 Samuel
George
Bonham
(b. 1803 - d. 1863)
Jun 1843 - 27 Aug
1843 Edmund Augustus Blundell
(1st time)(b. 1804 - d. 1868)
(acting)
27 Aug 1843 - 21 Mar 1855 William John
Butterworth
(b. 1801 - d. 1856)
21 Mar 1855 - 6 Aug 1859
Edmund Augustus Blundell (2nd time)(s.a.)
6 Aug 1859 - 17 Mar 1867
William Orfeur
Cavenagh
(b. 1821 - d. 1891)
17 Mar 1867 - 3 Mar 1871
Harry St. George Ord (1st time) (b.
1819 - d. 1885)
4 Mar 1871 - 22 Mar 1871 Edward Archibald
Harbord Anson (b. 1826 - d.
1925)
(1st time) (acting)
23 Mar 1872 - 2 Nov 1873 Sir Harry St.
George Ord (2nd time)(s.a.)
3 Nov 1872 - 4 Nov 1873
Edward Archibald Harbord Anson
(s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
4 Nov 1873 - 10 May 1875 Sir Andrew
Clarke
(b. 1825 - d. 1902)
10 May 1875 - 3 Apr 1877
Sir William Francis
Drummond (b. 1821 -
d. 1897)
Jervois
3 Apr 1877 - 29 Oct 1877
Edward Archibald Harbord Anson
(s.a.)
(3rd time) (acting)
29 Oct 1877 - 10 Feb 1879 Sir
William Cleaver Francis (b.
1834 - d. 1897)
Robinson
10 Feb 1879 - 6 May 1880
Edward Archibald Harbord Anson
(s.a.)
(4thd time) (acting)
6 May 1880 - 28 Mar 1884
Sir Frederick Aloysius
Weld (b. 1823
- d. 1891)
(1st time)
29 Mar 1884 - 12 Nov 1885 Cecil Clementi Smith
(1st time) (b. 1840 - d. 1916)
(acting)
13 Nov 1885 - 13 May 1887 Sir Frederick Aloysius
Weld (s.a.)
(2nd time)
14 May 1887 - 17 Oct 1887 John Frederick Dickson
(1st time) (b. 1835 - d. 1891)
(acting)
17 Oct 1887 - 8 Apr 1890
Sir Cecil Clementi Smith (2nd time)(s.a.)
8 Apr 1890 - 11 Nov 1890 John Frederick
Dickson (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
12 Nov 1890 - 30 Aug 1893 Sir Cecil Clementi Smith
(3rd time)(s.a.)
30 Aug 1893 - 31 Jan 1894
William Edward Maxwell (acting) (b.
1846 - d. 1897)
1 Feb 1894 - 7 Dec
1899 Sir Charles Bullen Hugh Mitchell
(b. 1836 - d. 1899)
7 Dec 1899 - 5 Nov
1901 James Alexander
Swettenham
(b. 1846 - d. 1933)
(acting)
5 Nov 1901 - 12 Oct 1903
Sir Frank Athelstone Swettenham (b.
1850 - d. 1946)
15 Apr 1904 - 9 Apr 1911
Sir John
Anderson
(b. 1858 - d. 1918)
9 Sep 1911 - 24 Aug 1919
Sir Arthur Henderson
Young
(b. 1854 - d. 1938)
3 Feb 1920 - 5 May
1927 Sir Laurence Nunns
Guillemard (b. 1862 - d.
1951)
3 Jun 1927 - 20 Oct 1929
Sir Hugh Charles
Clifford
(b. 1866 - d. 1941)
21 Oct 1929 - 5 Feb 1930
Sir John Scott (acting)
(b. 1878 - d. 1946)
5 Feb 1930 - 16 Feb 1934 Sir Cecil
Clementi
(b. 1875 - d. 1947)
17 Feb 1934 - 9 Nov 1934
Sir Andrew Caldecott
(acting) (b. 1884 - d.
1951)
9 Nov 1934 - 15 Feb 1942 Sir Shenton
Whitelegge Thomas (b. 1879
- d. 1962)
(1st time)
(Japanese prisoner 15 Feb 1942 - 15 Aug 1945)
15 Feb 1942 - 12 Sep 1945 Japanese
occupation
12 Sep 1945 - 31 Mar 1946 Sir
Shenton Whitelegge Thomas
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
Singapore
British Residents and Commandants
6 Feb 1819 - 26 Apr 1823 William
Farquhar
(b. 1770 - d. 1839)
27 May 1823 - 15 Aug 1826 John
Crawfurd
(b. 1783 - d. 1868)
Resident Councillors
15 Aug 1826 - 18 Nov 1827 John Prince
(b. 1772? - d. 1848)
29 Nov 1827 - 6 Dec 1833 Kenneth
Murchison
(b. 1794 - d. 1854)
7 Dec 1833 - 18
Nov 1836 Samuel George
Bonham
(b. 1803 - d. 1863)
4 Mar 1837 - 20 Sep
1856 Thomas Church
(b. 1798
- d. 1860)
22 Sep 1856 - 13 Jul
1859 Henry Somerset MacKenzie
(b. 1826 - d. 1904)
1860 - 1 Apr 1867
Ronald MacPherson
(b. 1817 - d.
1869)
Governors
14 Aug 1826 - 15 Feb 1942 the
Governors of the Straits
Settlements
Japanese Military Administrators
(commanders of of Japanese 25th Army to 8 Apr
1943;
Southern Expeditionary Army 8 Apr 1943 - 22 Mar 1944;
from 22 Mar 1944, 7th Army Area)
15 Feb 1942 - 1 Jul 1942
Tomoyuki
Yamashita
(b. 1885 - d. 1946)
1 Jul 1942 - 8 Apr 1943
Yaheita Saito
(b. 1885 - d. 1953)
8 Apr 1943 - 22 Mar 1944 Count Hisaichi
Terauchi
(b. 1879 - d. 1946)
22 Mar 1944 - 7 Apr 1945
Kenji Doihara
(b. 1883 - d. 1948)
7 Apr 1945 - 12 Sep 1945
Seishirō
Itagaki
(b. 1885 - d. 1948)
Japanese Mayors of Syonan
(presidents of the special municipality)
7 Mar 1942 - 8 Jul 1943 Odate
Shigeo
(b. 1892 -
d. 1955)
19 Jul 1943 - 12 Sep 1945 Naito
Kanichi
(b. 1897 -
d. 19..)
Supreme Allied Commander South East
Asia
5 Sep 1945 - 12 Sep 1945 Lord Louis
Francis Mountbatten (b. 1900 -
d. 1979)
Director of the British Military Administration
12 Sep 1945 - 31 Mar 1946 Lord
Louis Francis Mountbatten (s.a.)
Deputy Chief Civil Affairs
Officer in Singapore
12 Sep 1945 - 31 Mar 1946 Patrick
Alexander Bruce McKerron (b. 1896 - d. 1964)
Governors
1 Apr 1946 - 20
Mar 1952 Sir Franklin Charles
Gimson (b.
1890 - d. 1975)
20 Mar 1952 - 21 Apr 1952
Wilfred Lawson Blythe (acting)
(b. 1896 - d. 1975)
21 Apr 1952 - 2 Jun 1955 John Fearns
Nicoll
(b. 1899 - d. 1981)
(from 24 Jun 1952, Sir John Fearns Nicoll)
2 Jun 1955 - 30 Jun 1955 Sir
William Allmond Codrington (b.
1907 - d. 1986)
Goode (1st time) (acting)
30 Jun 1955 - 9 Dec 1957 Robert Brown
Black
(b. 1906 - d. 1999)
(from 9 Jun 1955, Sir Robert Brown Black)
9 Dec 1957 - 2 Jun
1959 Sir William Allmond
Codrington (s.a.)
Goode (2nd time)
Heads of State (title Yang
di-Pertuan Negara Singapura)
3 Jun 1959 - 3 Dec
1959 Sir William Allmond
Codrington
(s.a.)
Non-party
Goode
3 Dec 1959 - 22 Dec 1965
Yusof bin
Ishak
(b. 1910 - d. 1970)PAP/Non-party
Presidents
22 Dec 1965 - 23 Nov 1970 Yusof
bin
Ishak
(s.a.)
PAP/Non-party
23 Nov 1970 - 2 Jan
1971 Yeoh Ghim Seng (1st time) (acting) (b. 1918 -
d. 1993) PAP
2 Jan 1971 - 12 May 1981
Benjamin Henry
Sheares
(b. 1907 - d. 1981)PAP/Non-party
12 May 1981 - 24 Oct 1981 Yeoh
Ghim Seng (2nd time) (acting)
(s.a.)
PAP
24 Oct 1981 - 27 Mar 1985
Chengara Veetil "C.V." Devan Nair (b. 1923 - d.
2005)PAP/Non-party
27 Mar 1985 - 29 Mar 1985 Wee
Chong Jin
(acting)
(b. 1917 - d. 2005)PAP/Non-party
29 Mar 1985 - 1 Sep 1985
Yeoh Ghim Seng (3rd time) (acting)
(s.a.)
PAP
1 Sep 1985 - 1 Sep
1993 Wee Kim
Wee
(b. 1915 - d. 2005)PAP/Non-party
1 Sep 1993 - 1 Sep
1999 Ong Teng
Cheong
(b. 1936 - d. 2002)PAP/Non-party
1 Sep 1999 - 1 Sep 2011
Sellapan Ramanathan "S.R." Nathan (b. 1924 -
d. 2016)PAP/Non-party
1 Sep 2011 - 1
Sep 2017 Tony Tan Keng Yam
(b. 1940)
PAP/Non-party
1 Sep 2017 - 14 Sep 2017 Joseph Yuvaraj
Pillay (acting) (b. 1934)
Non-party
14 Sep 2017 -
Halimah Yacob (f)
(b.
1954)
PAP/Non-party
Chief ministers
6 Apr 1955 - 8 Jun
1956 David Saul
Marshall
(b. 1908 - d. 1995) LF
8 Jun 1956 - 5 Jun
1959 Tun Lim Yew
Hock
(b. 1914 - d. 1984) LF
Prime ministers
5 Jun 1959 - 28 Nov 1990
Lee Kuan
Yew
(b. 1923 - d. 2015) PAP
28 Nov 1990 - 12 Aug 2004 Goh Chok
Tong
(b.
1941)
PAP
12 Aug 2004
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Lee Hsien
Loong
(b.
1952)
PAP
15 Feb 2015 - 2 Mar 2015 Teo Chee Hean
(b. 1954)
PAP
(acting
for Lee)
Territorial Disputes: Disputes
persist with Malaysia over deliveries of fresh water to
Singapore, Singapore's extensive land reclamation works,
bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the
Johor and Singapore Straits; in 2008, ICJ awarded
sovereignty of Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh/Horsburgh
Island) to Singapore, and Middle Rocks to Malaysia, but
did not rule on maritime regimes, boundaries, or
disposition of South Ledge; Indonesia and Singapore
continue to work on finalization of their 1973 maritime
boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of
Indonesia's Batam Island; piracy remains a problem in
the Malacca Strait.
Party abbreviations: PAP
= People's Action Party/Parti Tindakan Rakyat (social
conservative, democratic socialist, est.1954);
- Former parties:
LF = Labour Front/Barisan Buroh
(center-left, 21 Aug 1954 - 28 Feb 1960)
© Ben Cahoon
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