Singapore
 

6 Feb 1819 - c.1868, 1946 - 12 Sep 1948   c.1868 - c.1879   c.1879 - 1904 1904 - 1925    1925 - 15 Feb 1942, 12 Sep 1945 - 1 Apr 1946   15 Feb 1942 - 12 Sep 1915   12 Sep 1948 -  3 Dec 1959 Adopted 3 Dec 1959 Map of Singapore Hear National Anthem "Majulah Singapura" (Onward Singapore) Text of National Anthem Adopted 3 Dec 1959 Constitution (3 Jun 1959) Capital: Singapore (Straits Settlements- Penang 1826-1837; Singapore 1837-1946) Currency: Singapore Dollar (SGD); 1963-1965 Malaysian  Ringgit (MYR); 1946-1963 Malaya Dollar (MYAD) National Holiday:  9 Aug (1965) Singapore National Day (Hari Kebangsaan Singapura) Population: 6,209,660 (2019) GDP: $528.1 billion (2017) Exports: $396.8 billion (2017) Imports: $312.1 billion (2017) Ethnic groups: Chinese 74.3%, Malay 13.4%, Indian 9%, other 3.2% (2018) Total Armed Forces: 72,500 (2010) Merchant marine: 3,433 ships (2019) Religions: Buddhist 33.2%, Christian 18.8%, Muslim 14%, Taoist 10%, Hindu 5%, other 0.6%, none 18.5% (2015) International Organizations/Treaties: AC (observer), ADB, AIIB, AOSIS, APA, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, BTWC, C, CP, CPTPP, CTBT, CWC, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IORA, IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OPCW, OST, PA (observer), PCA, RCEP (signatory), UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Singapore Index Chronology  6 Feb 1819                British (East India Company) protectorate.  3 Aug 1824                Ceded to Britain by Sultan of Johore;                              under British East India Company rule. 14 Aug 1826                Part of the Straits Settlements (Malacca, Penang,                              Singapore)(under British East India Company                               rule 1826-1858).  1 Nov 1858 -  1 Apr 1867  Subordinated to British India.   1 Apr 1867                Straits Settlements a separate crown colony. 15 Feb 1942 - 12 Sep 1945  Japanese occupation of Singapore (renamed Syonan                              ["Light of the South"], from 17 Feb 1942 Syonan                              Special Municipality [Tokubetusi]. In May 1942,                              the Rio, Linga, Karimun, Tambelan, Anambas, and                              Natouna archipelago of former Dutch Sumatra are                              incorporated into the Shonan Special City). 12 Sep 1945 -  1 Apr 1946  British military administration.  1 Apr 1946                Singapore a separate crown colony.  6 Apr 1955                Autonomy  3 Jun 1959                State of Singapore (Negara Singapura). 31 Aug 1963                Independence from U.K. proclaimed. 16 Sep 1963 -  9 Aug 1965  Part of Malaysia (State of Singapore).    9 Aug 1965                Singapore is proclaimed independent. 22 Dec 1965                Republic of Singapore (Republik Singapura) Singapore Straits Settlements (1826-1946)

Straits Settlements

c.1868 - c.1879	c.1879 - 1904	1904 - 1925
1925 - 15 Feb 1942, 1945 - 1 Apr 1946

Map of the Straits Settlements

Capital: Singapore (George Town [Penang] 1826-1829, 1830-1836)

Currency: 1858-1946 Straits Settlements  Dollar (STSD);  1826-1858 East India Company Dollar (XEID)

Population: 1,370,300 (1939)

14 Aug 1826                Straits Settlements (Malacca, Penang, Singapore) 
                             (British East India Company rule to 1 Nov 1858, then
                             subordinated to British India to 1 Apr 1867).
 1 Apr 1867 -  1 Apr 1946  Straits Settlements a separate crown colony.
15 Feb 1942 -  5 Sep 1945  Japanese occupation.

Governors
27 Nov 1826 - 12 Nov 1830  Robert Fullerton                   (b. 1773 - d. 1831)
12 Nov 1830 -  7 Dec 1833  Robert Ibbetson                    (b. 1789 - d. 1860)
 7 Dec 1833 - 17 Nov 1836  Kenneth Murchison                  (b. 1794 - d. 1854)
18 Nov 1836 - May 1843     Samuel George Bonham               (b. 1803 - d. 1863)
Jun 1843 - 27 Aug 1843     Edmund Augustus Blundell (1st time)(b. 1804 - d. 1868)
                             (acting)
27 Aug 1843 - 21 Mar 1855  William John Butterworth           (b. 1801 - d. 1856)
21 Mar 1855 -  6 Aug 1859  Edmund Augustus Blundell (2nd time)(s.a.)
 6 Aug 1859 - 17 Mar 1867  William Orfeur Cavenagh            (b. 1821 - d. 1891)
17 Mar 1867 -  3 Mar 1871  Harry St. George Ord (1st time)    (b. 1819 - d. 1885)
 4 Mar 1871 - 22 Mar 1871  Edward Archibald Harbord Anson     (b. 1826 - d. 1925)
                             (1st time) (acting)
23 Mar 1872 -  2 Nov 1873  Sir Harry St. George Ord (2nd time)(s.a.)
 3 Nov 1872 -  4 Nov 1873  Edward Archibald Harbord Anson     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (acting)
 4 Nov 1873 - 10 May 1875  Sir Andrew Clarke                  (b. 1825 - d. 1902)
10 May 1875 -  3 Apr 1877  Sir William Francis Drummond       (b. 1821 - d. 1897) 
                             Jervois
 3 Apr 1877 - 29 Oct 1877  Edward Archibald Harbord Anson     (s.a.)
                             (3rd time) (acting) 
29 Oct 1877 - 10 Feb 1879  Sir William Cleaver Francis        (b. 1834 - d. 1897)
                             Robinson
10 Feb 1879 -  6 May 1880  Edward Archibald Harbord Anson     (s.a.)
                             (4thd time) (acting)
 6 May 1880 - 28 Mar 1884  Sir Frederick Aloysius Weld        (b. 1823 - d. 1891)
                             (1st time)
29 Mar 1884 - 12 Nov 1885  Cecil Clementi Smith (1st time)    (b. 1840 - d. 1916)
                             (acting)
13 Nov 1885 - 13 May 1887  Sir Frederick Aloysius Weld        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
14 May 1887 - 17 Oct 1887  John Frederick Dickson (1st time)  (b. 1835 - d. 1891)
                             (acting)
17 Oct 1887 -  8 Apr 1890  Sir Cecil Clementi Smith (2nd time)(s.a.)
 8 Apr 1890 - 11 Nov 1890  John Frederick Dickson (2nd time)  (s.a.)
                             (acting)
12 Nov 1890 - 30 Aug 1893  Sir Cecil Clementi Smith (3rd time)(s.a.)
30 Aug 1893 - 31 Jan 1894  William Edward Maxwell (acting)    (b. 1846 - d. 1897)
 1 Feb 1894 -  7 Dec 1899  Sir Charles Bullen Hugh Mitchell   (b. 1836 - d. 1899)
 7 Dec 1899 -  5 Nov 1901  James Alexander Swettenham         (b. 1846 - d. 1933)
                             (acting)
 5 Nov 1901 - 12 Oct 1903  Sir Frank Athelstone Swettenham    (b. 1850 - d. 1946)
15 Apr 1904 -  9 Apr 1911  Sir John Anderson                  (b. 1858 - d. 1918)
 9 Sep 1911 - 24 Aug 1919  Sir Arthur Henderson Young         (b. 1854 - d. 1938)
 3 Feb 1920 -  5 May 1927  Sir Laurence Nunns Guillemard      (b. 1862 - d. 1951)
 3 Jun 1927 - 20 Oct 1929  Sir Hugh Charles Clifford          (b. 1866 - d. 1941)
21 Oct 1929 -  5 Feb 1930  Sir John Scott (acting)            (b. 1878 - d. 1946)
 5 Feb 1930 - 16 Feb 1934  Sir Cecil Clementi                 (b. 1875 - d. 1947)
17 Feb 1934 -  9 Nov 1934  Sir Andrew Caldecott (acting)      (b. 1884 - d. 1951)
 9 Nov 1934 - 15 Feb 1942  Sir Shenton Whitelegge Thomas      (b. 1879 - d. 1962)
                             (1st time) 
                             (Japanese prisoner 15 Feb 1942 - 15 Aug 1945)
15 Feb 1942 - 12 Sep 1945  Japanese occupation
12 Sep 1945 - 31 Mar 1946  Sir Shenton Whitelegge Thomas      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)

British Residents and Commandants
 6 Feb 1819 - 26 Apr 1823  William Farquhar                   (b. 1770 - d. 1839)
27 May 1823 - 15 Aug 1826  John Crawfurd                      (b. 1783 - d. 1868)
Resident Councillors
15 Aug 1826 - 18 Nov 1827  John Prince                        (b. 1772? - d. 1848)
29 Nov 1827 -  6 Dec 1833  Kenneth Murchison                  (b. 1794 - d. 1854)
 7 Dec 1833 - 18 Nov 1836  Samuel George Bonham               (b. 1803 - d. 1863)
 4 Mar 1837 - 20 Sep 1856  Thomas Church                      (b. 1798 - d. 1860)
22 Sep 1856 - 13 Jul 1859  Henry Somerset MacKenzie           (b. 1826 - d. 1904)
1860 -  1 Apr 1867         Ronald MacPherson                  (b. 1817 - d. 1869)
Governors
14 Aug 1826 - 15 Feb 1942  the Governors of the Straits 
                           Settlements 
Japanese Military Administrators (commanders of of Japanese 25th Army to 8 Apr 1943;
Southern Expeditionary Army 8 Apr 1943 - 22 Mar 1944; from 22 Mar 1944, 7th Army Area)
15 Feb 1942 -  1 Jul 1942  Tomoyuki Yamashita                 (b. 1885 - d. 1946)
 1 Jul 1942 -  8 Apr 1943  Yaheita Saito                      (b. 1885 - d. 1953)
 8 Apr 1943 - 22 Mar 1944  Count Hisaichi Terauchi            (b. 1879 - d. 1946)
22 Mar 1944 -  7 Apr 1945  Kenji Doihara                      (b. 1883 - d. 1948)
 7 Apr 1945 - 12 Sep 1945  Seishirō Itagaki                   (b. 1885 - d. 1948)
Japanese Mayors of Syonan (presidents of the special municipality)
 7 Mar 1942 -  8 Jul 1943  Odate Shigeo                       (b. 1892 - d. 1955)
19 Jul 1943 - 12 Sep 1945  Naito Kanichi                      (b. 1897 - d. 19..)
Director of the British Military Administrator
12 Sep 1945 - 31 Mar 1946  Lord Louis Francis Mountbatten     (b. 1900 - d. 1979)
Deputy Chief Civil Affairs Officer in Singapore
Sep 1945 - 31 Mar 1946     Patrick Alexander Bruce McKerron   (b. 1896 - d. 1964)
Governors
 1 Apr 1946 - 20 Mar 1952  Sir Franklin Charles Gimson        (b. 1890 - d. 1975)
20 Mar 1952 - 21 Apr 1952  Wilfred Lawson Blythe (acting)     (b. 1896 - d. 1975)
21 Apr 1952 -  2 Jun 1955  John Fearns Nicoll                 (b. 1899 - d. 1981)
                             (from 24 Jun 1952, Sir John Fearns Nicoll) 
 2 Jun 1955 - 30 Jun 1955  Sir William Allmond Codrington     (b. 1907 - d. 1986)
                             Goode (1st time) (acting)
30 Jun 1955 -  9 Dec 1957  Robert Brown Black                 (b. 1906 - d. 1999)
                             (from 9 Jun 1955, Sir Robert Brown Black) 
 9 Dec 1957 -  2 Jun 1959  Sir William Allmond Codrington     (s.a.)
                             Goode (2nd time) 
Heads of State (title Yang di-Pertuan Negara Singapura)
 3 Jun 1959 -  3 Dec 1959  Sir William Allmond Codrington     (s.a.)               Non-party
                             Goode 
 3 Dec 1959 - 22 Dec 1965  Yusof bin Ishak                    (b. 1910 - d. 1970)PAP/Non-party
Presidents
22 Dec 1965 - 23 Nov 1970  Yusof bin Ishak                    (s.a.)             PAP/Non-party
23 Nov 1970 -  2 Jan 1971  Yeoh Ghim Seng (1st time) (acting) (b. 1918 - d. 1993)  PAP
 2 Jan 1971 - 12 May 1981  Benjamin Henry Sheares             (b. 1907 - d. 1981)PAP/Non-party
12 May 1981 - 24 Oct 1981  Yeoh Ghim Seng (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)               PAP
24 Oct 1981 - 27 Mar 1985  Chengara Veetil "C.V." Devan Nair  (b. 1923 - d. 2005)PAP/Non-party
27 Mar 1985 - 29 Mar 1985  Wee Chong Jin (acting)             (b. 1917 - d. 2005)PAP/Non-party
29 Mar 1985 -  1 Sep 1985  Yeoh Ghim Seng (3rd time) (acting) (s.a.)               PAP
 1 Sep 1985 -  1 Sep 1993  Wee Kim Wee                        (b. 1915 - d. 2005)PAP/Non-party
 1 Sep 1993 -  1 Sep 1999  Ong Teng Cheong                    (b. 1936 - d. 2002)PAP/Non-party
 1 Sep 1999 -  1 Sep 2011  Sellapan Ramanathan "S.R." Nathan  (b. 1924 - d. 2016)PAP/Non-party
 1 Sep 2011 -  1 Sep 2017  Tony Tan Keng Yam                  (b. 1940)          PAP/Non-party
 1 Sep 2017 - 14 Sep 2017  Joseph Yuvaraj Pillay (acting)     (b. 1934)            Non-party
14 Sep 2017 -              Halimah Yacob (f)                  (b. 1954)          PAP/Non-party

Chief ministers
 6 Apr 1955 -  8 Jun 1956  David Saul Marshall                (b. 1908 - d. 1995)  LF
 8 Jun 1956 -  5 Jun 1959  Tun Lim Yew Hock                   (b. 1914 - d. 1984)  LF
Prime ministers
 5 Jun 1959 - 28 Nov 1990  Lee Kuan Yew                       (b. 1923 - d. 2015)  PAP
28 Nov 1990 - 12 Aug 2004  Goh Chok Tong                      (b. 1941)            PAP
12 Aug 2004 -              Lee Hsien Loong                    (b. 1952)            PAP
15 Feb 2015 -  2 Mar 2015  Teo Chee Hean                      (b. 1954)            PAP
                             (acting for Lee)

Territorial Disputes: Disputes persist with Malaysia over deliveries of fresh water to Singapore, Singapore's extensive land reclamation works, bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the Johor and Singapore Straits; in 2008, ICJ awarded sovereignty of Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh/Horsburgh Island) to Singapore, and Middle Rocks to Malaysia, but did not rule on maritime regimes, boundaries, or disposition of South Ledge; Indonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalization of their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait. 

Party abbreviations: PAP = People's Action Party/Parti Tindakan Rakyat (social conservative, democratic socialist, est.1954);
- Former parties: LF = Labour Front/Barisan Buroh (center-left, 21 Aug 1954 - 28 Feb 1960)