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Slovakia (Slovak Republic)
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![[Slovakian flag during WWII]](sk_39.gif)
![[Slovakian Flag]](sk.gif)
19 Sep 1848 - 28 Sep 1848 Slovak National Council
- Ludovít Stúr
(b. 1815 - d. 1856)
- Jozef Miloslav Hurban
(b. 1817 - d. 1888)
- Michal Miloslav Hodza
(b. 1811 - d. 1870)
Presidents
11 Dec 1918 - 30 Dec 1918 Viktor Dvorcák
(b. 1878 - d. 1943)
(Eastern Slovak Republic)
31 Dec 1918 - 1 Jan 1919 Gabor Mészáros
(Leader of the [West] Slovak Soviet Republic)
16 Jun 1919 - 20 Jun 1919 Revolutionary Executive Committee
- Ján Vavrica
(b. 1891 - d. 1938)
- Jozef Varecha
(b. 1885 - d. af.1945)
- Antonín Janousek
(b. 1877 - d. 1941)
- Stefan Stehlík
- Samuel Capó
(b. 1883 - d. 1947)
- Ludovít Jakab
(b. 1887 - d. 1957)
- Ernest Pór
(b. 1889 - d. 1943)
- Frantisek Fehér
- Stefan Mokrán
(b. 1887 - d. 1971)
- Gustáv Fleischer
(b. 1871 - d. 1956)
- Jozef Cápai
20 Jun 1919 - 7 Jul 1919 Antonín Janousek
(s.a.)
KSS
(chairman Revolutionary Governing Council,
also styled Council of People's Commissioners)
14 Mar 1939 - 3 Apr 1945 Jozef Tiso
(b. 1887 - d. 1947) HSLS
(acting to 26 Oct 1939; from 1942
self-styled Vodca [Leader];
in Germany exile from 1945)
1 Jan 1993 - 2 Mar 1993 Vladimír Meciar
(1st time)(acting) (b. 1942)
HZDS
2 Mar 1993 - 2 Mar 1998 Michal Kovác
(b. 1930)
Non-party
2 Mar 1998 - 30 Oct 1998 Vladimír Meciar (2nd
time)(acting) (s.a.)
HZDS
30 Oct 1998 - 15 Jun 1999 Mikulás Dzurinda (acting)
(b. 1955)
DU
15 Jun 1999 - 15 Jun 2004 Rudolf Schuster
(b. 1934)
SOP/Non-party
15 Jun 2004 -
Ivan Gasparovic
(b. 1941)
HZD
Prime ministers (chairmen of the government)
7 Oct 1938 - 9 Mar 1939 Jozef Tiso (1st time)
(s.a.)
HSLS
9 Mar 1939 - 11 Mar 1938 Jozef Sivák
(b. 1886 - d. 1959)
11 Mar 1939 (hours) Jozef
Tiso (2nd time)
(s.a.)
HSLS
11 Mar 1939 - 14 Mar 1939 Karol Sidor
(b. 1901 - d. 1953) HSLS
14 Mar 1939 - 29 Oct 1939 Jozef Tiso (3rd time)
(s.a.)
HSLS
29 Oct 1939 - 5 Sep 1944 Vojtech Tuka
(b. 1880 - d. 1946) HSLS
5 Sep 1944 - 3 Apr 1945 Stefan Tiso
(b. 1897 - d. 1959) HSLS
1 Jan 1993 - 16 Mar 1994 Vladimír Meciar (1st time)
(s.a.)
HZDS
16 Mar 1994 - 13 Dec 1994 Jozef Moravcík
(b. 1945)
DU
13 Dec 1994 - 30 Oct 1998 Vladimír Meciar (2nd time)
(s.a.)
HZDS
30 Oct 1998 - 4 Jul 2006 Mikulás Dzurinda
(s.a.)
KDH;2000 SDKU
4 Jul 2006 - 8 Jul 2010 Robert Fico
(b. 1964)
SMER
8 Jul 2010 - Iveta Radicová (f)
(b. 1956)
SDKU-DS
Commanders of the Czechoslovak Troops
Dec 1918 - 27 May 1919 Luigi Giuseppe Piccione
(Commander of troops operating East
of the Morava river)
1 Jun 1919 - 1920
Eugène Desiré Antoine Mittelhauser (b. 1873 - d. 1949)
(Commander of the Western Army Group)
Commanders of Hungarian Troops
1 May 1919 - 1919
Aurel Bromfeld
Jun 1919 - 23 Jun 1919 Jenö Landler
(b. 1875 - d. 1928)
German Envoys and Ministers Plenipotentiary
Jul 1939 - 29 Jul 1940 Hans Bernard
29 Jul 1940 - 19 Jan 1941 Manfred Freiherr von Killinger
(b. 1886 - d. 1944)
19 Jan 1941 - 4 Apr 1945 Hans Elard Ludin
(b. 1905 - d. 1947)
Commanders of German Occupation Forces
29 Aug 1944 - 20 Sep 1944 Gottlob Berger
(b. 1896 - d. 1975)
20 Sep 1944 - 3 Apr 1945 Hermann Höfle
(b. 1911 - d. 1962)
Commanders of Soviet Occupation Forces
(Operating in Slovakia and Subcarpathia [Eastern Czechoslovakia])
6 Aug 1944 - 24 Mar 1945 Ivan Yefimovich Petrow
(b. 1896 - d. 1958)
25 Apr 1945 - Jul 1945 Andrey Anreyevich
Yeremenko (b. 1892 - d. 1970)
Slovak National Council in Exile
Chairman of the Slovak National Council
22 Nov 1939 - Jan/Feb 1940 Milan Hodza
(b. 1878 - d. 1944)
(in Paris exile; from Jan/Feb 1940,
joined exiled Czecho-Slovak National Council)
Territorial Disputes: Hungary amended its status law extending special social and cultural benefits to ethnic Hungarians in Slovakia, to which Slovakia had protested; bilateral government, legal, technical and economic working group negotiations continued in 2006 between Slovakia and Hungary over Hungary's completion of its portion of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovakia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules.
Party abbreviations: HZD = Hnutie za Demokraciu (Movement
for Democracy, est.15 Jul 2002 by splinters of HZDS); HZDS = Hnutie
za Demokratické Slovenskó (Movement for a Democratic Slovakia,
authoritarian, est.1991);
KDH = Krestansko-Demokratické Hnutie
(Christian Democratic Movement, christian-democratic); SDKU-DS = Slovenská Demokratická a Krestanská Únia – Demokratická Strana (Slovak Democratic and Christian Union-Democratic Party,
christian-democratic, formerly SDKU, est.2006); SDL = Strana Demokratickej
Lavice (Party of Democratic Left, social-democratic); SDSS = Socialno-
Demokraticka Strana Slovenská (Slovak Social Democratic
Party, social-democratic);
SMER = Smer-Socialna Demokracia (Direction-Social Democracy,
leftist, 1999 - 1 Jan 2005 known as Smer [Tretia Cesta] or Direction [Third Way], est.1999
split from SDL); SOP = Strana Obcianskeho Porozumenia (Party of Civic Understanding,
centerist);
- Former parties: DU = Demokratická
Únia Slovenska (Democratic Union of Slovakia, liberal, 1994-2000);
HSLS
= Hlinkova' Slovenská L'udova' Strana ([Hlinkov's People's Party;
Slovak People's Party [Szlovák Néppárt]to 1925, pro-autonomy
1918-1929, fascist, authoritarian, and only legal party 1939-Apr 1945);
KSC
= Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1944-1945);
KSS = Komunistická Strana Slovenská (Communist
Party of Slovakia 1919, 1944-1989);
SDK = Slovenská Demokratická Koalícia
(Slovak Democratic coalition, 1998-2001, comprising Democratic Party, SDSS,
Slovak Green Party, DU, and KDH); SDKU = Slovenska
Demokraticka a Krestanska Unia (Slovak Democratic and Christian Union,
christian-democratic, 2000-2006); VPN = Verejnost Proti Násiliu
(Public Against Violence, former communist dissidents, conservative)
Slovakia within Czechoslovakia
Unofficial: 1918-1939; 1945-1950; 1968-69; |
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28 Oct 1918
Union with Czechoslovakia declared.
1 Jan 1927
Land (province) of Slovakia.
22 Nov 1938
Autonomy within Czechoslovakia (Slovak Land).
14 Mar 1939
Independence (Slovak State)(see above).
5 Sep 1944
Autonomous Slovak Republic declared (within Czechoslovakia).
1 Jan 1969
Slovak Socialist Republic (within Czechoslovakia).
1 Mar 1990
Slovak Republic (within Czechoslovakia).
17 Jul 1992 Declaration of sovereignty.
1 Jan 1993
Independence.
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Slovak Communist Party (KSS)
17 Sep 1944 - 12 Aug 1945 Karol Smidke
(b. 1897 - d. 1952)
12 Aug 1945 - 19 Oct 1951 Viliam Siroký
(b. 1902 - d. 1971)
First Secretaries of the Slovak Communist Party (KSS)
19 Oct 1951 - 15 Jun 1953 Viliam Siroký
(s.a.)
15 Jun 1953 - 4 Apr 1963 Karol Joszef Bacílek
(b. 1896 - d. 1974)
4 Apr 1963 - Aug 1968 Alexander Dubcek
(b. 1921 - d. 1992)
Aug 1968 - May 1969 Gustáv
Husák
(b. 1913 - d. 1991)
May 1969 - Jan 1970 Stefan
Sadovský
(b. 1928)
Jan 1970 - 9 Apr 1988 Jozef Lenárt
(b. 1923)
14 Apr 1988 - 29 Nov 1989 Ignác Janák
(b. 1930)
Chairman of the Slovak National Council
28 Oct 1918 - Jan 1919 Matús Dula
(b. 1846 - d. 1926)
(from 4 Nov 1918, in Prague)
Czechoslovak Commissioner
4 Nov 1918 - 11 Dec 1918 Blaho
Czechoslovak Ministers of Slovak Affairs
28 Oct 1918 - 25 May 1920 Vavro Ján Srobár
(b. 1867 - d. 1950)
25 May 1920 - 25 Sep 1920 Ivan Dérer (acting)
(b. 1884 - d. 1973)
25 Sep 1920 - 26 Sep 1921 Martin Michura
(b. 1883 - d. 1946)
26 Sep 1921 - 15 Jan 1927 Josef Kállay
(b. 1881 - d. 1939)
Minister Plenipotentiary and Administrator
15 Jan 1927 - 28 Jun 1928 Josef Kállay
(s.a.)
Land Presidents
1 Jul 1928 - 1931
Ján Drobný
(b. 1881 - d. 1948) HSLS
1931
- 1938
Jozef Országh
(b. 1883 - d. 1949)
1938 - 1939 Julián Simko
Czechoslovak Ministers for Slovak Affairs
6 Oct 1938 - 28 Nov 1938 Jozef Tiso
(b. 1887 - d. 1947) HSLS
1 Dec 1938 - 15 Mar 1939 Karol Sidor
(b. 1901 - d. 1953) HSLS
15 Mar 1939 - 18 Jul 1940 Vacant
18 Jul 1940 - Jan 1945 Rudolf Viest (in
exile)
(b. 1890 - d. 1945) Mil
(German prisoner from 3 Nov 1944)
Presidents of the Slovak National Council
5 Sep 1944 - 27 Oct 1944 Karol Smidke (1st time)
(s.a.)
KSS
5 Sep 1944 - 27 Oct 1944 Vavro Srobar
(b. 1867 - d. 1952) KSS
27 Oct 1944 - 11 Apr 1945 Vacant
11 Apr 1945 - 26 Feb 1948 Jozef Lettrich
(b. 1897 - d. 1952) DS
14 Sep 1945 - 14 Jul 1950 Karol Smidke (2nd time)
(s.a.)
KSC
(acting 26 Feb 1948 - 12 Mar 1948)
26 Feb 1948 - 12 Mar 1948 Ivan Horváth (acting)
(b. 1904 - d. 1960) KSC
+ Andrey Cvincek (acting)
DS
(to 27 Feb 1948)
14 Jul 1950 - 15 Jun 1958 Frantisek Kubac
(b. 1887 - d. 1958) KSC
15 Jun 1958 - 23 Jun 1958 Irena Durisová (f)
(b. 1918 - d.
1999) KSC
+ Jozef Mjartan
(b. 1900 - d. 1983) SSO
+ Fratisek Denes
(b. 1902 - d. 1979) KSC
+ Michal Zakovic
SSL
(acting)
23 Jun 1958 - 14 Jul 1960 Ludovít Benada (1st time)
(b. 1899 - d. 1973) KSC
14 Jul 1960 - 28 Jul 1962 Rudolf Strechaj
(b. 1914 - d. 1952) KSC
28 Jul 1962 - 31 Oct 1962 Ludovít Benada (2nd time)
(s.a.)
KSC
+ Vasil Bilák
(b. 1917)
KSC
+ Michal Sabolcik
(b. 1924)
KSC
(acting)
31 Oct 1962 - 20 Sep 1963 Jozef Lenárt
(s.a.)
KSC
20 Sep 1963 - 29 Dec 1968 Michal Chudík
(b. 1914)
KSC
14 Mar 1968 - 16 Mar 1975 Ondrey Klokoc
(b. 1911 - d. 1975) KSC
(acting to 27 Jun 1968)
26 Mar 1975 - 30 Nov 1989 Viliam Salgovic
(b. 1919 - d. 1990) KSC
30 Nov 1989 - 26 Jun 1990 Rudolf Schuster
(b. 1934)
KSC/Non-party
26 Jun 1990 - 23 Jun 1992 Frantisek Miklosko
(b. 1947)
VPN/KDH
23 Jun 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 Ivan Gasparovic
(b. 1941)
HZDS
Chairman of the Slovak Provisional Government
28 Oct 1918 - Nov 1918 Vavro Ján
Srobár
(b. 1867 - d. 1950)
Chairmen of the Board of Commissioners
5 Sep 1944 - 17 Sep 1945 Gustáv Husák
(acting) (1st time) (s.a.)
KSC
17 Sep 1945 - 14 Aug 1946 Karol Smidke
(s.a.)
KSC
14 Aug 1946 - 4 May 1950 Gustáv Husák
(2nd time)
(s.a.)
KSC
4 May 1950 - 7 Sep 1951 Karol Joszef Bacílek
(s.a.)
KSC
7 Sep 1951 - 31 Jan 1953 Julius Duris
(b. 1904 - d. 1986) KSC
31 Jan 1953 - 10 Jul 1960 Rudolf Strechaj
(s.a.)
KSC
10 Jul 1960 - 2 Jan 1969 Vacant
Premiers
2 Jan 1969 - 4 May 1969 Stefan Sádovský
(b. 1928 - d. 1984) KSC
4 May 1969 - 12 Oct 1988 Peter Colotka
(b. 1925)
KSC
12 Oct 1988 - 22 Jun 1989 Ivan Knotek
(b. 1936)
KSC
22 Jun 1989 - 8 Dec 1989 Pavel Hrivnák
(b. 1931 - d. 1995) KSC
8 Dec 1989 - 27 Jun 1990 Milan Cic
(b. 1932)
KSC;1990 VPN
27 Jun 1990 - 23 Apr 1991 Vladimír Meciar (1st time)
(s.a.)
VPN
23 Apr 1991 - 24 Jun 1992 Ján Carnogurský
(b. 1944)
KDH
24 Jun 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 Vladimír Meciar (2nd time)
(s.a.)
HZDS
Co-Chairmen of the Board of the Slovak National Council
28 Aug 1944 - 28 Oct 1944 Vavro Ján Srobár
(s.a.)
+ Karol Smidke
(b. 1897 - d. 1952) KSS
Head of all Partisan Units
Oct 1944 - 1945
Aleksey Nikitich Asmolov
(b. 1906 - d. 1981) Mil
Party abbreviations: DS = Demokratická Strana
(Democratic Party); HSLS = Hlinkova' Slovenská L'udova' Strana
(Hlinkov's People's Party; Slovak People's Party to 1925, pro-autonomy
1918-1929, fascist, authoritarian); HZDS = Hnutie za Demokratické
Slovenskó (Movement for a Democratic Slovakia, authoritarian, communist);
KDH
=
Krestansko- Demokratické Hnutie (Christian Democratic Movement,
Christian-conservative); KSC = Komunistická Strana Ceskeskoslovenska
(Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, communist); KSS = Komunistická
strana Slovenská (Communist Party of Slovakia 1944-1989); SSL
= Slovenská L'udova Strana (Slovak People's Party); VPN =
Verejnost Proti Násiliu (Public Against Violence, former communist
dissidents, conservative); Mil = Military
©2000 Ben Cahoon