Poland
 

to 7 Jan 1795;               Jan 1831 - Sep 1831 (in revolt)                  14 Jan 1807 - 14 Mar 1813                   Duchy of Warsaw                14 Mar 1813 - 22 Jun 1815,             12 Apr 1833 - 5 Aug 1915                       22 Jun 1815 - 12 Apr 1833           "Congress" Kingdom of Poland            22 Jan 1863 - Apr 1865 (in revolt)         22 Jan 1863 - Apr 1865 (revolt alternate)                1918 - 1 Aug 1919 State Flag           From 5 Nov 1916; 1 Aug 1919 - 1939                     Re-adopted 1944                      1927 - 1939 State Flag      1939 - 1944 German General-gouvernment                    1956 - 1990  State Flag                     Re-adopted 22 Feb 1990 Map of Poland Hear National Anthem "Mazurek Dabrowskiego" (Dabrowski's Mazurka) a.k.a "Jeszcze Polska nie zginela" (Poland has not yet perished) Text of National Anthem Adopted 28 Feb 1927 (unofficial from 19 Jul 1795) Constitution (17 Oct 1997) ------------------------------- Former Consitutions (1791, 1807, 1815, 1919, 1921, 1935, 1947, 1952, 1992)  Capital: Warsaw (Lublin [de facto] 1944-1945; Kraków 1939-1944, 1038-79,  1296-1596; Poznan 964-1038, 1290-1296; Plock 1080-1138; Gniezno 964-1038) Currency: Zloty (PLN)  National Holiday: 3 May (1791) Constitution Day Population: 38,500,696 (2008) Gen.-govt.: 16,600,000 (1942) GDP: $667.4 billion (2008) Exports: $190.5 billion (2008) Imports: $213.9 billion (2008)  Ethnic groups: Polish 96.7%, German 0.4%, Belarusian 0.1%, Ukrainian 0.1%, other and unspecified 2.7% (2002) Total Active Armed Forces: 99,778 (2010) Merchant marine: 15 ships (2008) Religions: Roman Catholic 89.6%, Polish Orthodox 1.3%, other Catholic 0.3%, Protestant 0.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.3%, other (mostly nonreligious) 8.1% (2005)  International Organizations/Treaties: AC (observer), AG, ANT, APM, BIS, BSEC (observer), BTWC, CBSS, CE, CEI, CERN, CFE, CTBT, CWC, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ENMOD, ESA, ESCR, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, Intersputnik, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, MIGA, MTCR, NAM (guest), NATO, NPT, NSG, NTBT, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Poland Index Chronology 842 - 861                  Rule of the (legendary) Prince Piast in Great                              Poland. 964                        Reign of first documented prince (ksiaze polski),                               Mieszko I. 25 May 992 - 17 Jun 1025   Boeslaw I "the Brave" (b. c.966 - d. 1025)                               temporarily extends the Polish realm over                               Lusatia, Bohemia, Moravia, and Slovakia. 25 Dec 1024                Polish Kingdom (Krolestwo Polskie). 1031                       Polish Principality 25 Dec 1076                Polish Kingdom Jun 1079                   Polish Principality 28 Oct 1138                Division into several principalities, Great                               Poland, Mazovia, Kujavia, Silesia, and                               Sandomierz with Little Poland reserved for the                               Senior Polish Prince who nominally coordinates                               the principalities until 1180. Further                               subdivisions occur throughout the next two                               centuries. 26 Jun 1295 -  8 Feb 1296  Przemysl II styled Polish King. 20 Jan 1320                All Poland (except for Silesia, Pomerania, and                              Mazovia) reunited into the Polish Kingdom with                               coronation of Wladyslaw I. 1370                       On extinction of Piast main line, Kingship becomes                              elective, but de facto the Diet chooses the                              kings in hereditary order until 1572.  4 Mar 1386                Personal union with Lithuania begins. 31 May 1505                Constitution eliminates royal legislative powers.  1 Jul 1569                Accord of Lublin, colloquially known as "Union of                              Lublin", joining Poland and Lithuania                              officially, but not constitutionally, into                              United Commonwealth of the Two Nations                               (Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodow), in short,                              The Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita Polska).  6 Jul 1572                Last hereditary Polish king dies; power to elect                              the king moves from the Diet to the whole                              nobility; election as Polish king and grand                              prince of Lithuania is carried out jointly, but                              conduct of interregnum is separate. 17 Nov 1592 – 24 Jul 1599  Personal union with Sweden. 18 Aug 1672 - 22 Sep 1699  Podolia occupied by Ottoman Empire. 15 Sep 1697 - 16 Feb 1704  Personal union with Duchy of Saxony.  2 Jul 1702 -  1 Jul 1710  Swedish occupation of large parts of Poland.  8 Aug 1709 -  1 Feb 1733  Personal union with Duchy of Saxony. Dec 1770                   Austria annexes the county of Zips (Polish: Spisz,                              Hungarian: Szepes) which was settled by Germans                              and already occupied by Austria from 1769.  5 Aug 1772                First partition of Poland by Russia, Prussia, and                              Austria. Royal Prussia together with Warmia and                              parts of Great Poland (Wielkopolska) to Prussia                              (as West Prussia); parts of Little Poland                               (Malopolska) and Red Ruthenia (Rus Czerwona) to                              Austria; Polish Livonia (Inflanty Polskie) and                               Lithuanian Vitebsk and Polotsk to Russia.  3 May 1791                Constitution giving formal sanction to the union                              with Lithuania and making the state hereditary                              again under the Saxon dynasty. 23 Jan 1793                Second partition by Russia and Prussia: Great                               Poland with parts of Mazovia (Mazowsze) to                               Prussia; Podolia, Volhynia, and Lithuanian                               Minsk and Brest-Litovsk to Russia. 24 Mar 1794 - Sep 1794     Polish "war of independence" rebellion against                               Russian hegemony under Tadeusz Kosciusko                              (b. 1746 - d. 1817).  7 Jan 1795                Upon the Third partition by Russia, Prussia, and                              Austria, the Polish state ceases to exist:                               Lithuania and Volhynia to Russia; Mazovia (as                               New East Prussia) and Warsaw to Prussia; and                               Cracow and Little Poland to Austria                              (as West Galicia). 26 Jan 1797                Russian-Prussian convention (with Austrian                               approval) declares the "irrevocable abrogation                               of the Kingdom of Poland."  9 Jul 1807                Duchy of Warsaw (in personal union with Saxony)                              (in French: Duché de Varsovie; often erroneously                              referred to as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw). 14 Mar 1813 - 20 Jun 1815  Duchy of Warsaw occupied by Russia.  3 May 1815 -  3 Mar 1846  Republic of Kraków (from 3 Mar 1846, annexed to                              Austria). 20 Jun 1815 -  5 Nov 1916  Polish Kingdom, in (nominally personal, actually                              subordinate) union with Russia, established by                              the Congress of Vienna (thus often called by                              historians as "Congress Poland"). 25 Jan 1831 - 26 Sep 1831  "First (November) Insurrection" 22 Feb 1832                New statute (constitution) abolishes last remnants                              of autonomy, area becomes known simply as                              Vistula Country (Privislyansky kray), after 1863                              it is administered as an integral part of Russia. 22 Jan 1863 - Apr 1865     "Second (January) Insurrection"  5 Aug 1915 - 11 Nov 1918  Occupied by Germany and Austria-Hungary (in Lodz                              from 6 Nov 1914) as General Government of                              Warsaw (under Germany), and General Government                              of Lublin (under Austria-Hungary).  5 Nov 1916                Granted autonomy by Germany and Austria-Hungary. 14 Jan 1917                Polish Kingdom  6 Nov 1918                Polish State 22 Nov 1918                Polish Republic  30 Jul 1920 - 20 Aug 1920  Provisional Revolutionary (Communist) Committee                              of Poland formed in Bialystok (see below).    1 Sep 1939                German invasion from the west. 17 Sep 1939                Soviet invasion from the east (annexation of                              western Ukraine, west Byelorussia 28 Sep 1939).  6 Oct 1939                Last Polish troops surrender; the German-occupied                              area (Danzig, West Prussia, Pozen, and Silesia)                              is partly annexed to Germany, on 12 Oct 1939                               the other part becomes the General Government                               for the Occupied Polish Territories (from                              31 Jul 1940, simply the General Government). 21 Jun 1941                Germany takes over the Soviet-occupied areas; they                              are divided between the General Government and                              the Reichskommissariat Ostland and Ukraine.  1 Aug 1941                Eastern Galicia added to the General Government. 15 Aug 1941 - 27 Jul 1944  The Bialystok district is "attached" but not                              incorporated to Germany's East Prussia.  1 Jan 1944                Polish Republic 17 Jan 1945                Last German troops surrender.  1 Aug 1952                Polish People's Republic 30 Dec 1989                Polish Republic Voivodships (since 1999) Voivodships (1919-1939) Districts of General- Government (1939-1945) Bialystok District (1941-1944) Republic in Exile (1939-1991) Polish Soviet Socialist Republic (1920) Austrian Galicia and Lodomeria (1772-1918) Cracow Republic (1815-1846) Ottoman Podolia (1672-1699)  Danzig (1224-1793, 1807-1815, 1919-1939) Elbing (1246-1772) Swedish Prussia (1629-1635) Ermland Bishopric (1243-1772) Thorn (1233-1793) Orthodox Church of Poland Historical Maps of Poland

Secretaries-general of the Polish Workers' (Communist) Party (PPR)
(from 20 Dec 1948, Polish United Workers' Party [PZPR])
23 Nov 1943 -  3 Sep 1948  Wladyslaw Gomulka (1st time)       (b. 1905 - d. 1982)
 3 Sep 1948 - 12 Mar 1956  Boleslaw Bierut                    (b. 1892 - d. 1956)
                            (21 Dec 1948 - 16 Mar 1954 Chairman Central Committee)
12 Mar 1956 - 20 Mar 1956  Political Bureau
                           (acting)
                           - Jakub Berman                     (b. 1901 - d. 1984)
                           - Franciszek Józwiak               (b. 1895 - d. 1966)
                           - Hilary Minc                      (b. 1905 - d. 1974)
                           - Roman Zambrowski                 (b. 1909 - d. 1977)
                           - Aleksander Zawadzki              (b. 1899 - d. 1964)
                           - Józef Adam Zygmunt Cyrankiewicz  (b. 1911 - d. 1989)
                           - Franciszek Mazur                 (b. 1895 - d. 1975)
                           - Konstanty Rokossowski            (b. 1896 - d. 1968)
                           - Wladyslaw Dworakowski            (b. 1908 - d. 1976)
                           - Zenon Nowak                      (b. 1905 - d. 1980)
                           - Edward Ochab                     (b. 1906 - d. 1989)
20 Mar 1956 - 21 Oct 1956  Edward Ochab                       (s.a.)
21 Oct 1956 - 20 Dec 1970  Wladyslaw Gomulka (2nd time)       (s.a.)
20 Dec 1970 -  6 Sep 1980  Edward Gierek                      (b. 1913 - d. 2001)
 6 Sep 1980 - 18 Oct 1981  Stanislaw Kania                    (b. 1927) 
18 Oct 1981 - 29 Jul 1989  Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski         (b. 1923)            Mil
29 Jul 1989 - 27 Jan 1990  Mieczyslaw Franciszek Rakowski     (b. 1926 - d. 2008)

De facto ruler
13 Jun 1926 - 12 May 1935  Józef Klemens Pilsudski            (b. 1867 - d. 1935)  Mil

Princes
842 - 861                  Piast Kolodziej ("the Wheelwright")
c.861 – c.900              Siemowit
c.900 – c.930              Leszek (Lestko) IV
c.930 - c.960              Siemomysl                          (d. c.960)
c.960 – 25 May 992         Mieszko I                          (b. c.935 - d. 992)
25 May 992 – 992/995       Regents
                           - Oda (f) 
                           - Mieszko                          (b. 978/84 - d. af.992) 
                           - Lambert                          (b. 980/90 - d. af.992)
                           (in Greater Poland, Mazovia, Kuiavia, Pomerania)
                           - Swietopelk? (in Pomerania)       (b. 979/85 - d. ....)
25 May 992 – 25 Dec 1024   Boleslaw I Chrobry ("the Brave")   (b. 966/67 - d. 1025)
                            (from c.989 sub-prince in Cracow;
                             from 992/995 in entire country;
                             from 1003/04 in Bohemia; Jul 1002-1005
                             in Luzyce [Lausitz] and Milsko)
Kings
25 Dec 1024 - 17 Jun 1025  Boleslaw I Chrobry                 (s.a.)
17 Jun 1025 - Oct 1031     Mieszko II Lambert                 (b. 990 - d. 1034)
Princes 
Oct 1031 – Spring 1032     Bezprym                            (b. 986/87 - d. 1032)
Oct 1031 – Spring 1032     Otto (as sub-prince)               (b. 1000 – d. 1033)
                             (probably in Silesia or Cracow)
Spring 1032 – Jul 1032     Mieszko II Lambert                 (s.a.)
Jul 1032 - 1033            Poland divided in three:
                           - Otto                             (s.a.)
                              (probably in Silesia or Cracow)
                           - Dytryk (probably in Pomerania)   (d. af.1033)
                           - Mieszko II Lambert               (s.a.)
                              (probably in Great Poland, Mazovia, Kuiavia)
1033 – 10/11 May 1034      Mieszko II Lambert                 (s.a.)
1034/1038 – 1039           Boleslaw Zapomniany
                            (probably fictitious)
10/11 May 1034–1037/1038   Kazimierz I Karol                  (b. 1016 - d. 1058)
1037/1038                  Anarchy; Pagan Rebellion
                           many particular princes;
                           any names and territories unknown, except:
1037/1038 – 1047           Mieclaw (Maslaw)(in Mazovia)
Summer 1039 - 19 Mar 1058  Kazimierz I Karol Odnowiciel       (b. 1016 - d. 1058)
                            ("the Restorer")
                            (in Greater Poland and Kuiavia; from 1039
                             in Cracow and Lesser Poland; from 1040/1041
                             in Mazovia; from 1047, in Silesia from 1050)
19 Mar 1058 – 25 Dec 1076  Boleslaw II Smialy, Szczodry       (b. 1041/42 - d.1082)
                             ("the Bold")
King
25 Dec 1076 - Jun 1079     Boleslaw II Smialy, Szczodry       (s.a.)
                             (expelled 1079)
Jun 1079 - 1080            Archbishop Petrus Leczyc -Regent   (d. 1092)
Princes
1058 - 1079                Wladyslaw I Herman (1st time)      (b. 1043- d. 1102)
                             (probably as sub-prince in Mazovia)
1058 – 28 Jan 1065         Mieszko                            (b. 1045 – d. 1065)
                             (possibly sub-prince in Kuiavia, Sieradz, and Leczyca)
1080 –  4 Jun 1102         Wladyslaw I Herman (2nd time)      (s.a.)
1081                       Vratislav, duke of Bohemia         (d. 1092) 
                             (pretender) 
1086 – 1089                Mieszko -Co-ruler                  (b. 1069 – d. 1089)
1093 - 1096                Zbigniew -Co-ruler (1st time)      (b. 1070/73 - d. 1112/16)
1097 - 1102                Zbigniew -Co-ruler (2nd time)      (s.a.)
1097 - 1102                Boleslaw III Krzywousty -Co-ruler  (b. 1085 - d. 1138)
1102 – 1107                Zbigniew (in Greater Poland,       (s.a.)
                             Kuiavia and Mazovia)
1102 – 28 Oct 1138         Boleslaw III Krzywousty            (s.a.)
                             (over-prince, in Greater Poland,
                             Silesia, and Lesser Poland; in
                             in Pomerania from 1122)
1107 – 1108                Zbigniew -Co-ruler (3rd time)      (s.a.)
Senior Princes (in Cracow)(styled Ksiazeta-princepsi, wielcy ksiazeta, w Krakowie)
28 Oct 1138 – 1146         Wladyslaw II Wygnaniec             (b. 1105 - d. 1159)
                             ("the Exile"), duke of Silesia
1146 -  5 Jan 1173         Boleslaw IV Kedzierzawy            (b. 1121/22 - d. 1173)
                            ("the Curly"), duke of Mazovia
                            (in rebellion 1141-1143 and from 1144)
 5 Jan 1173 – 1177         Mieszko III Stary ("the Old"),     (b. 1122/25 - d. 1202)
                             duke of Greater Poland (1st time)
1173 – 1177                Henryk Kietlicz 
                             (governor of Mieszko III)
1177 – 1191                Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy          (b. 1138 - d. 1194)
                             ("the Just") (1st time)
1191                       Mieszko III Stary, (2nd time)      (s.a.)
                             duke of Greater Poland 
1191                       Boleslaw (governor of Mieszko III) (b. 1159 - d. 1195)
1191 –  5 May 1194         Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) 
 5 May 1194 – 1198         Leszek Bialy ("the White")         (b. c.1186 - d. 1227)
                             (1st time)
 5 May 1194 – 1198         Regents
                           - Helena (f)(1st time)
                           - Mikolaj (1st time)
                           - Pelka, bishop of Cracow 
                             (1st time)
1195                       Mieszko III Stary                  (s.a.)
                             (in opposition)
1198 – 1198/1199           Mieszko III Stary, (3rd time)      (s.a.)
                             duke of Greater Poland 
1198/1199                  Leszek Bialy (2nd time)            (b. c.1186 - d. 1227)
1198/1199                  Regents
                           - Helena (f)(2nd time)
                           - Mikolaj (2nd time)
                           - Pelka, bishop of Cracow 
                             (2nd time)
1198/1199 – 13/14 Mar 1202 Mieszko III Stary, (4th time)      (s.a.)
                             also duke of Greater Poland 
                            (expelled briefly in 1201)
1202 – 1202/1206           Wladyslaw III Laskonogi,           (b. 1161/66 - d. 1231)
                             duke of Greater Poland (1st time)
1202/1206 – 1210           Leszek Bialy (3rd time)            (s.a.)
1210 – 16 May 1211         Mieszko Platonogi,                 (b. bf.1146 - d. 1211)
                             duke of Silesia
16 May 1211 – 23 Nov 1227  Leszek Bialy (4th time)            (s.a.)
                             (the last senior prince)
Princes of Cracow (styled Ksiazeta krakowscy)
23 Nov 1227 –  5 May 1228  Boleslaw Wstydliwy (1st time)      (b. 1226 - d. 1279)
23 Nov 1227 –  5 May 1228  Grzymislawa (f) -Regent
 5 May 1228 –  3 Nov 1231  Wladyslaw III Laskonogi (2nd time) (s.a.)
                             prince of Greater Poland
1228 - 1229                Henryk I Brodaty (1st time)        (b. 1165/70 - d. 1238) 
                             (governor of Wladyslaw III) 
1229                       Konrad I Mazowiecki (1st time)     (b. 1187/88 - d. 1247)
                             (in opposition)
1229 - 1230/1231           Marek Gryfita
                             (governor of Wladyslaw III)
1230/1231 –  3 Nov 1231    Teodor (Czader) Gryfita
                             (governor of Wladyslaw III)
1231, 1233                 Konrad I Mazowiecki (2nd time)     (s.a.)
                             (in opposition)
 3 Nov 1231 – 19 Mar 1238  Henryk I Brodaty                   (s.a.)
19 Mar 1238 –  9 Apr 1241  Henryk II Pobozny                  (b. 1196/1207 - d. 1241)
 9 Apr 1241 – 10 Jul 1241  Boleslaw (II) Rogatka              (b. 1220/25 - d. 1278)
 9 Apr 1241 – 10 Jul 1241  Klemens z Ruszczy Gryfita
                             (governor of Boleslaw Rogatka)
10 Jul 1241 – May 1243     Konrad I Mazowiecki (3rd time)     (s.a.)
                             (continues in opposition to 1247)
May 1243 –  7 Dec 1279     Boleslaw V Wstydliwy (2nd time)    (b. 1226 – d. 1279)
Dec 1279 - 30 Sep 1288     Leszek Czarny ("the Black")        (b. 1240/42 - d. 1288)
1282, 1285                 Konrad (II) Czerski (pretender)    (b. c.1250 - d. 1294)
Oct 1288 – 1288/1289       Boleslaw (II) Plocki               (b. af.1251 - d. 1313)
1288/1289 – 26 Feb 1289    Henryk IV Prawy (Probus)(1st time) (b. 1257/58 - d. 1290)
26 Feb 1289 – Aug 1289     Wladyslaw I Lokietek ("the Short") (b. c.1260 - d. 1333)
                             (1st time)
Aug 1289 – Apr 1290        Henryk IV Prawy (Probus)(2nd time) (s.a.)
Jan 1291 - 21 Jun 1305     Waclaw II                          (b. 1271 – d. 1305)
                             (crowned king of Poland Nov 1300)
Jan 1293 – 10 Jun 1294     Kazimierz (II) Leczycki            (b. 1261/62 - d. 1294)
                             (pretender)(styled Heir of Cracow)
King¹
26 Jun 1295 -  8 Feb 1296  Przemysl II                        (b. 1257 – d. 1296)
Princes
 8 Feb 1296 - 21 Jun 1305  Waclaw II                          (b. 1271 – d. 1305)
                             (crowned as king of Poland Nov 1300)
1301 –  9 Dec 1309         Henryk I (III) Glogowczyk          (b. 1251/60 - d. 1309)
                             (in opposition; styled Heir of Polish Kingdom)
May 1305 – Jun/Jul 1305    Wladyslaw I Lokietek (2nd time)    (s.a.)
21 Jun 1305 –  4 Aug 1306  Waclaw III                         (b. 1289 – d. 1306)
Aug/Sep 1306 – 1311        Wladyslaw I Lokietek (3rd time)    (s.a.)
                             (pretender Apr – 13 Oct 1292,
                             styled Heir of Cracow from Jan 1293;
                             styled Duke of Polish Kingdom from 10 Mar 1296;
                             pretender to Cracow until 18 Nov 1297 and from 1304)
Apr 1312 – Jun 1312        Boleslaw I (in rebellion)          (b. 1254/58 - d. 1313)
Jun 1312 – 20 Jan 1320     Wladyslaw I Lokietek               (s.a.)
                             (4th time)
Kings¹
20 Jan 1320 -  2 Mar 1333  Wladyslaw I Lokietek               (s.a.)
25 Apr 1333 –  5 Nov 1370  Kazimierz III Wielki ("the Great") (b. 1310 – d. 1370)
                             (crowned 25 Apr 1333)
17 Nov 1370–11/12 Sep 1382 Ludwik I Wegierski                 (b. 1356 – d. 1382)
                             (king of Hungary Lájos I)
Nov 1370 – Summer 1375     Elzbieta (f) -Regent (1st time)    (b. 1305 – d. 1380)
1376 - Jan 1377            Elzbieta (f) -Regent (2nd time)    (s.a.)
Winter 1377 – 28 Mar 1378  Wladyslaw Opolczyk -Regent         (b. 1326/30 - d. 1401)
28 Mar 1378 – 29 Dec 1380  Elzbieta (f) -Regent (3rd time)    (s.a.)
29 Dec 1380 - 12 Jan 1382  Zawisza Kurozweki,                 (d. 1382)
                             bishop of Cracow (acting)
29 Dec 1380 - 11 Sep 1382  Dobislaw z Kraków (acting)         (d. 1387)
29 Dec 1380 - 11 Sep 1382  Sendziwog Szubin z Kalisz (acting)
12 Jan 1382- Oct? 1383     Zygmunt Luksemburski (pretender)   (b. 1368 – d. 1437)
                             (Sigismund Markgraf zu Brandenburg)
11 Sep 1382 - 16 Oct 1384  Dobislaw z Kraków -Regent          (s.a.)
11 Sep 1382 - 16 Oct 1384  Sendziwog Szubin z Kalisz -Regent
28 Mar 1383 –  6 Oct 1384  Siemowit (IV) (pretender)          (b. c.1352 - d. 1426)
16 Oct 1384 – 17 Jul 1399  Jadwiga (f)                        (b. 1374 – d. 1399)
                            (literally "female king")
                           - jointly with - 
2/18Feb1386–31May/1Jun1434 Wladyslaw II Jagiello              (b. c.1348/52 - d. 1434)
                            (Grand Prince of Lithuania;
                             married with Jadwiga 2/18 Feb 1434
                             4 Mar 1386 crowned king of Poland) 
25 Jul 1434 – 10 Nov 1444  Wladyslaw III                      (b. 1424 – d. 1444)
                            (Jan 1440 elected king of Hungary 
                             left Poland 22 Apr 1440)
25 Jul 1434 – 16 Dec 1438  Regents
                           - Zbigniew Olesnicki               (s.a.)
                               bishop of Cracow
                           - Queen Zofia                      (b. c.1405 - d. 1461)
                           - Zygmunt Korybutowicz,            (b. c.1395 - d. 1435)
                               Grand Prince of Lithuania
                           - Stefan II, voivode of Moldavia   (d. 1447)
22 Apr 1440 - Jun 1447     Tutors and governors of the Polish provinces 
                           - for Lesser Poland and Ruthenia: 
                             Jan Czyzowski, castellan of Cracow
                           - for Greater Poland:
                             Wojciech Malski, voivode         (d. 1454)
                               of Leczyca 
25 Jun 1447 -  7 Jun 1492  Kazimierz IV Andrzej Jagiellonczyk (b. 1427 – d. 1492)
                            (from 29 Jun 1440 Grand Prince of Lithuania 
                            (election proclaimed conditionally Apr 1445)
 7 Jun 1492 – 23 Sep 1492  Chairmen of the Royal Council
                           - Zbigniew Olesnicki, archbishop   (b. c.1430 - d.1493)
                               of Gniezno (chairman)
                           - Rafal Jakub Jaroslawski z        (b. 1436/40 - d. 1492)
                               Jaroslawia i z Przeworska,
                               grand marshal (co-chairman)
                           - Jan Amor Tarnowski,              (b. 1420/30 - d. 1500)
                               castellan of Cracow (co-chairman)
23 Sep 1492 – 17 Jun 1501  Jan I Olbracht                     (b. 1459 – d. 1501)
                             (election proclaimed 27 Aug 1492)
17 Jun 1501 – 25 Oct 1501  Fryderyk Jagiellonczyk,            (b. 1468 – d. 1503)
                             archbishop of Gniezno -Interrex
                             (chairman of Senate)
                             (proclaimed himself as tutor and 
                             governor of kingdom – locum tenens regni)
12 Dec 1501 – 19 Aug 1506  Aleksander Jagiellonczyk           (b. 1461 – d. 1506)
                            (from 20 Jul 1492 Grand Duke of Lithuania
                             election proclaimed 25 Oct 1501)
19 Aug 1506 – 24 Jan 1507  Andrzej Róza Boryszewski,          (b. c.1436 - d. 1510)
                             archbishop of Gniezno -Interrex
                             (chairman of Senate
24 Jan 1507 –  1 Apr 1548  Zygmunt I Stary ("the Old")        (b. 1467 – d. 1548)
                             (Grand Prince of Lithuania from 20 Oct 1506;
                             election proclaimed 8 Dec 1506)
                           - jointly with -
20 Feb 1530 -  7 Jul 1572  Zygmunt II August                  (b. 1520 – d. 1572)
                             (Grand Prince of Lithuania from 18 Oct 1529;
                             election proclaimed 18 Dec 1529)
 7 Jul 1572 – Oct 1572     Jan Firlej -Interrex               (b. c.1521 - d. 1574)
                             (in opposition)
 7 Jul 1572 - 21 Feb 1574  Jakub Uchanski -Interrex (1st time)(b. 1502 - d. 1581)
21 Feb 1574 - 12 May 1575  Henryk Walezy                      (b. 1551 - d. 1589)
                             (Henri III, king of France)
                             (left Poland 18 Jun 1574)
19 Jun 1574 -  1 May 1576  Jakub Uchanski -Interrex (2nd time)(s.a.)
 1 May 1576 - 12 Dec 1586  Stefan Batory                      (b. 1533 - d. 1586)
                             (István Báthory Somlyói, prince of Transylvania)
                             (election proclaimed 15 Dec 1575)
12 Dec 1586 - 27 Dec 1587  Stanislaw Karnkowski -Interrex     (b. 1520 - d. 1603)
27 Sep 1587 – 24 Jan 1588  Maksymilian von Österreich         (b. 1558 – d. 1618)
                            (election proclaimed 22 Aug 1587, 
                             resigned 9 Mar 1589; in opposition)
27 Dec 1587 - 30 Apr 1632  Zygmunt III Waza                   (b. 1566 - d. 1632)
                             (Sigismund, king of Sweden)
                             (election proclaimed 19 Aug 1587)
30 Apr 1632 -  6 Feb 1633  Jan Wezyk -Interrex                (b. 1575 - d. 1638)
 6 Feb 1633 - 20 May 1648  Wladyslaw IV Waza                  (b. 1595 - d. 1648)
                             (election proclaimed 8 Nov 1632)
20 May 1648 - 17 Jan 1649  Maciej Lubienski -Interrex         (b. 1572 - d. 1652)
17 Jan 1649 - 16 Sep 1668  Jan II Kazimierz Waza              (b. 1609 - d. 1672)
                             (election proclaimed 20 Nov 1648)
                             (exiled Sep 1655 – Nov 1655)
Aug 1655 – 23 Feb 1660     Karol X Gustaw (in opposition)     (b. 1622 - d. 1660)
                            (Karl X Gustaf, king of Sweden; 
                             styled Protektor Rzeczypospolitej [Protector
                             of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth])
16 Sep 1668 - 29 Sep 1669  Mikolaj Prazmowski -Interrex       (b. 1617 - d. 1673)
29 Sep 1669 - 10 Nov 1673  Michal Korybut                     (b. 1640 - d. 1673)
                             (election proclaimed 19 Jun 1669)
10 Nov 1673 - 15 May 1674  Kazimierz Florian                  (b. 1620 - d. 1674)
                             Czartoryski -Interrex
10 Nov 1673 –  5 Jun 1674  Andrzej Trzebicki, bishop of       (b. 1607 – d. 1679)
                             Cracow -Interrex 
                             (acting interrex [for Czartoryski to 15 May 1674])
 5 Jun 1674 - 17 Jun 1696  Jan III Sobieski                   (b. 1629 - d. 1696)
                             (election proclaimed 21 May 1674, coronation 2 Feb 1676)
17 Jun 1696 - 15 Sep 1697  Augustyn Michal Stefan             (b. 1645 - d. 1705)
                             Radziejowski -Interrex (2nd time)
15 Sep 1697 - 16 Feb 1704  August II Mocny ("the Strong")     (b. 1670 - d. 1733)
                             (1st time)(election proclaimed 17 Jun 1697)
                             (Friedrich August I of Saxong)
                             (continues in opposition to 24 Sep 1706)
16 Feb 1704 -  4 Oct 1705  Augustyn Michal Stefan             (s.a.)
                             Radziejowski -Interrex (2nd time)
 4 Oct 1705 -  8 Aug 1709  Stanislaw I Leszczynski (1st time) (b. 1677 - d. 1766)
                             (election proclaimed 12 Jul 1704) 
 8 Aug 1709 -  1 Feb 1733  August II Mocny (2nd time)         (s.a.)
 1 Feb 1733 - 12 Sep 1733  Teodor Andrzej Potocki -Interrex   (b. 1664 - d. 1738)
12 Sep 1733 - 30 Jun 1734  Stanislaw I Leszczynski (2nd time) (s.a.) 
                             (abdicates 27 Jan 1736)
                             (exiled 30 Jun 1734)
30 Jun 1734 -  5 Oct 1763  August III                         (b. 1696 - d. 1763)
                             (Friedrich August II of Saxony)
                             (election proclaimed 5 Oct 1733) 
                             (in opposition from 17 Jan 1734)
 5 Oct 1763 - 25 Nov 1764  Wladyslaw Aleksander               (b. 1703 - d. 1764) 
                             Lubienski -Interrex
25 Nov 1764 -  7 Jan 1795  Stanislaw II August Poniatowski    (b. 1732 - d. 1798)
                             (election proclaimed 8 Sep 1764)
                             (abdicated 25 Nov 1795)
Chairman of the Governing Commission
14 Jan 1807 -  9 Jul 1807  Duke Stanislaw Malachowski         (b. 1736 - d. 1809)
Duke of Warsaw¹ (also King of Saxony)
 9 Jul 1807 - 14 Mar 1813  Friedrich August                   (b. 1750 - d. 1827)
Chairman of the Supreme Provisional Council of the Duchy of Warsaw
14 Mar 1813 -  9 Jun 1815  Vasiliy Sergeyevich Lanskoy        (b. 1753 - d. 1831)
Kings
20 Jun 1815 -  5 Nov 1916  the Emperors of Russia
Commander-in-chief of Army of Poland (de faco viceroy)
 9 Dec 1815 -  1 Dec 1830  Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich    (b. 1779 - d. 1831)
                             Romanov
Representative (Namestnik) of the King of Poland (often styled 'Viceroy')
 9 Dec 1815 - 28 Jul 1826  Józef Zajaczek, (from 1818)        (b. 1752 - d. 1826)
                             Prince of Poland
28 Jul 1826 - 1831         Vacant
Administrative Council (in rebellion)
 1 Dec 1830 -  5 Dec 1830  Provisional government
                           - Leon Dembowski                   (b. 1789 - d. 1878)
                           - Duke Stanislaw Malachowski       (s.a.)
                           - Joachim Józef Lelewel            (b. 1786 - d. 1861)
Dictator (in rebellion)
 5 Dec 1830 - Dec 1830     Józef Grzegorz Chlopicki (1st time)(b. 1771 - d. 1854)
Marshal of the Diet (in rebellion)
18 Dec 1830 - Dec 1830     Józef Gabriel Lubowski             (b. 1788 - d. 1869?)
Dictator (in rebellion)
Dec 1830 - 25 Jan 1831     Józef Grzegorz Chlopicki (2nd time)(s.a.)
Presidents of the National Government (in rebellion)
25 Jan 1831 - 30 Jan 1831  Count Wladyslaw Tomasz Ostrowski   (b. 1790 - d. 1869)
                           (Marshal of the Diet)
                           + Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski    (b. 1770 - d. 1861)
                             (President of the Senate)
30 Jan 1831 - 17 Aug 1831  Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski      (s.a.)
17 Aug 1831 -  7 Sep 1831  Jan Stefan Krukowiecki             (b. 1772 - d. 1850)
 7 Sep 1831 - 26 Sep 1831  Bonawentura Niemojowski            (b. 1787 - d. 1835)
Representatives (Namestnik) of the King of Poland (often styled 'Viceroy')
1831 - 13 Feb 1856         Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich,        (b. 1782 - d. 1856)
                             Prince of Warsaw
1856 - 30 May 1861         Mikhail Dmitriyevich Gorchakov     (b. 1795 - d. 1861)
30 May 1861 -  6 Aug 1861  Nikolay Onufrievich Sukhozanet     (b. 1794 - d. 1871)
                             (1st time) (acting)
 6 Aug 1861 - 21 Apr 1862  Count Karl Karlovich Lambert       (b. 1815 - d. 1865)
10 Oct 1861 - 27 Oct 1861  Nikolay Onufrievich Sukhozanet     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (acting for Lambert)
27 Oct 1861 -  8 Jun 1862  Count Aleksey Nikolayevich Lüders  (b. 1790 - d. 1874)
 8 Jun 1862 - 31 Oct 1863  Grand Duke Konstatin Nikolayevich  (b. 1827 - d. 1892)
                             Romanov (in Warsaw 20 Jun 1862 - 8 Sep 1863)
Presidents of the National Government (in rebellion)
22 Jan 1863 - 10 Mar 1863  Stefan Bobrowski                   (b. 1841 - d. 1863)
                           (chairman Executive Commission of the Central National
                            Committee acting as Provisional National Government)
                           - together with -
                           Ludwik Adam Mieroslawski           (b. 1814 - d. 1878)
                            (dictator and commander-in-chief of the Polish
                             Insurrection; in exile to 17 Feb 1863)
10 Mar 1863 - 19 Mar 1863  Marian Antoni Melchior Langiewicz  (b. 1827 - d. 1887)
                             (dictator)
19 Mar 1863 - 20 Mar 1863  Executive Dictatorial Commission
                           - Józef Kajetan Janowski           (b. 1832 - d. 1914)
                           - Agaton Giller                    (b. 1831 - d. 1887)
                           - Stefan Bobrowski                 (s.a.)
21 Mar 1863 - 24 May 1863  Central National Committee acting
                           as Provisional National Government
                           - Józef Kajetan Janowski           (s.a.)
                           - Agaton Giller                    (s.a.)
                           - Stefan Bobrowski                 (s.a.) 
                             (to 12 Apr 1863; chairman Mar - 12 Apr 1863)
                           - Karol Adolf Antoni Ruprecht      (b. 1821 - d. 1875)
                              (from Mar 1863)
                           - Oskar Awejde                     (b. 1837 - d. 1897)
                              (from 12 Apr 1863)
                           - Edward Siwinski                  (b. 1831 - d. 1897)
                              (from Apr 1863)
Chairmen of the National Government (in rebellion)
24 May 1863 - 1863         Piotr Wysocki                      (b. 1797 - d. 1874)
1863 - 14 Jun 1863         Franciszek Dobrowolski (1st time)  (b. 1830 - d. 1896)
14 Jun 1863 - 17 Sep 1863  Karol Majewski                     (b. 1833 - d. 1897)
17 Sep 1863 - 17 Oct 1863  Franciszek Dobrowolski (2nd time)  (s.a.)
Head of the National Government (also styled Dictator) (in rebellion)
17 Oct 1863 - 10 Apr 1864  Romuald Traugutt                   (b. 1826 - d. 1864)
President of the National Government (in rebellion)
10 Apr 1864 - Apr 1865     Bronislaw Brzezinski               (d. c.1865)
Representative of the King of Poland (the emperor of Russia)
 8 Sep 1863 - 18 Jan 1874  Friedrich Wilhelm Rembert Graf von (b. 1790 - d. 1874)
                             Berg (Fyodor Fyodorovich Graf Berg)
                            (acting to 19 Oct 1863)
Governors-general of the Warsaw Military District
1874 - 1880                Paul Demetrius Graf von Kotzebue   (b. 1801 - d. 1884)
1880 - 1883                Pytor Pavlovich Albedinsky         (b. 1826 - d. 1883)
Dec 1883 - Dec 1894        Iosif Vladimirovich Romeyko-Gourko (b. 1828 - d. 1901)
Dec 1894 - 12 Dec 1896     Count Pavel Andreyevich Shuvalov   (b. 1830 - d. 1908)
13 Jan 1897 - 1900         Prince Aleksandr Konstatinovich    (b. 1837 - d. 1900)
                             Bagration-Imeretinsky 
1900 - Feb 1905            Mikhail Ivanovich Chertkov         (b. 1829 – d. 1905)
24 Mar 1905 - Aug 1905     Konstantin Klavdievich Maksimovich (b. 1849 - d. af.1917)
Sep 1905 - 1914            Georgy Antonovich Skalon           (b. 1847 - d. 1914)
Apr 1914 - Jul 1914        Yakov Grigoryevich Zhilinskiy      (b. 1853 - d. 1918)
                             (acting)
Jul 1914 - Aug 1915        Prince Pavel Nikolayevich          (b. 1864 - d. 1944)
                             Yengalychev (in exile Aug 1915 - 1918)
German Governor-general (at Warsaw)
25 Aug 1915 - 11 Nov 1918  Hans Hartwig von Beseler           (b. 1850 - d. 1921)
Austro-Hungarian Governors-general (at Lublin)
Sep 1915 - May 1916        Erich Freiherr von Diller          (b. 1869 - d. 1936)
May 1916 - May 1917        Karl von Kuk                       (b. 1853 - d. 1935)
Jun 1917 - Feb 1918        Stanislaw Maria Graf Szeptycki     (b. 1867 - d. 1946)
Feb 1918 - Nov 1918        Anton Liposcak                     (b. 1863 - d. 1924)
Crown Marshal, Chairman of the Provisional Council of State
14 Jan 1917 - 25 Aug 1917  Waclaw Józef Niemojowski           (b. 1864 - d. 1939)
Chairman of the Transitional Committee of the Provisional Council of State
25 Aug 1917 - 27 Oct 1917  Józef Karol Mateusz Mikulowski     (b. 1868 - d. 1935)
                             Pomorski
27 Oct 1917 - 14 Nov 1918  Regency Council
                           - Aleksander Kakowski, Archbishop  (b. 1862 - d. 1938)  Non-party
                               of Warsaw
                           - Prince Zdzislaw Lubomirski       (b. 1865 - d. 1943)  Non-party
                           - Count Józef August Ostrowski     (b. 1850 - d. 1923)  Non-party
Chairman of the Polish National Committee
15 Aug 1917 - 14 Nov 1918  Roman Dmowski                      (b. 1864 - d. 1939)  ND
                             (in Paris, France exile)
Chief of State (Naczelnik Państwa)
14 Nov 1918 - 14 Dec 1922  Józef Klemens Pilsudski            (s.a.)               Mil
                             (de facto to 22 Nov 1918; provisional to 20 Feb 1919)
Presidents
14 Dec 1922 - 16 Dec 1922  Gabriel Józef Narutowicz           (b. 1865 - d. 1922)  Non-party
16 Dec 1922 - 20 Dec 1922  Maciej Rataj (1st time) (acting)   (b. 1884 - d. 1940)  PSL-P
20 Dec 1922 - 15 May 1926  Stanislaw Wojciechowski            (b. 1869 - d. 1953)  Non-party
15 May 1926 -  4 Jun 1926  Maciej Rataj (2nd time) (acting)   (s.a.)               PSL-P
 4 Jun 1926 - 30 Sep 1939  Ignacy Moscicki                    (b. 1867 - d. 1946)  Non-party
                             (in Romania exile from 17 Sep 1939)
Military governors
 1 Sep 1939 -  3 Oct 1939  Heinrich Alfred Hermann Walther    (b. 1881 - d. 1948)  Mil
                             von Brauchitsch
 3 Oct 1939 - 19 Oct 1939  Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt     (b. 1875 - d. 1953)  Mil
                             (head of central military administration)
20 Oct 1939 - 30 Apr 1940  Johannes Blaskowitz                (b. 1883 - d. 1948)  Mil
 1 May 1940 - 20 Jul 1940  Curt Ludwig Freiherr von Gienanth  (b. 1867 - d. 1961)  Mil
Governor-general
26 Oct 1939 - 17 Jan 1945  Hans Michael Frank                 (b. 1900 - d. 1946)  NSDAP
                             (head of civil administration 3-25 Oct 1939)
Chief of the Civil Administration of the Bialystok District
15 Aug 1941 - 27 Jul 1944  Erich Koch                         (b. 1896 - d. 1986)  NSDAP
15 Aug 1941 - 31 Jan 1942  Waldemar Magunia (acting for Koch) (b. 1902 - d. 1974)  NSDAP
 1 Feb 1942 - 27 Jul 1944  Friedrich Brix (acting for Koch)   (d. 1971)            NSDAP
Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Council
(from 1 Jan 1945, chairman of the People's Council)
 1 Jan 1944 -  4 Feb 1947  Boleslaw Bierut                    (s.a.)               PPR
 4 Feb 1947                Franciszek Trabalski               (b. 1870 - d. 1964)  PPR
                             (Marshal of the Constituent Sejm by age)
 4 Feb 1947 -  5 Feb 1947  Wladyslaw Kowalski                 (b. 1894 - d. 1958)  PPR
                             (Marshal of the Constituent Sejm)
President
 5 Feb 1947 - 20 Nov 1952  Boleslaw Bierut                    (s.a.)             PPR;1948 PZPR
Chairmen of the Council of State
20 Nov 1952 -  7 Aug 1964  Aleksander Zawadzki                (b. 1899 - d. 1964)  PZPR 
 7 Aug 1964 - 12 Aug 1964  Edward Ochab                       (s.a.)               PZPR 
                           + Stanislaw Kulczynski             (b. 1895 - d. 1975)  PZPR 
                           + Oskar Ryszard Lange              (b. 1904 - d. 1965)  PZPR 
                           + Boleslaw Podedworny              (b. 1898 - d. 1972)  PZPR 
                           (acting)
12 Aug 1964 - 11 Apr 1968  Edward Ochab                       (s.a.)               PZPR
11 Apr 1968 - 23 Dec 1970  Marian Spychalski                  (b. 1906 - d. 1980)  PZPR 
23 Dec 1970 - 28 Mar 1972  Józef Adam Zygmunt Cyrankiewicz    (s.a.)               PZPR 
28 Mar 1972 -  6 Nov 1985  Henryk Jablonski                   (b. 1909 - d. 2003)  PZPR 
 6 Nov 1985 - 19 Jul 1989  Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski         (s.a.)               PZPR/Mil
Presidents
19 Jul 1989 - 22 Dec 1990  Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski         (s.a.)               Non-party
22 Dec 1990 - 23 Dec 1995  Lech Walesa                        (b. 1943)         NSZZ/Non-party
23 Dec 1995 - 23 Dec 2005  Aleksander Kwasniewski             (b. 1954)         SdRP/Non-party
23 Dec 2005 - 10 Apr 2010  Lech Aleksander Kaczynski          (b. 1949 - d. 2010)PiS/Non-party
10 Apr 2010 -  8 Jul 2010  Bronislaw Komorowski (1st time)    (b. 1952)            PO
                             (acting)
 8 Jul 2010                Bogdan Borusewicz (acting)         (b. 1949)            Non-party
 8 Jul 2010 -  6 Aug 2010  Grzegorz Schetyna (acting)         (b. 1963)            PO
 6 Aug 2010 -              Bronislaw Komorowski (2nd time)    (s.a.)               PO

Grand marshals (chief ministers)
1358 - 1368                Pelka Koscielec z Koscielca        (d. 1368/69)
1369 - 1374                Jan Kolczek z Zakrzowa 
1375 - 1378                Przedbór z Brzezia (1st time)      (d. 1387/88)
1379 - af.1379             Jan Tarnowski z Tarnowa            (d. 1409)
Apr 1381 - 1387            Przedbór z Brzezia (2nd time)      (s.a.)
1387 - Oct 1388            Mikolaj z Bogorii                  (d. 1388)
c.1389                     Dymitr z Goraja                    (b. c.1340 - d. 1400)
c.1391                     Mikolaj Wezyk z Rebowa             (d. af.1415)
bf.30Sep1394-af.9 Nov 1399 Zbigniew Lanckoronski z Brzezia    (d. 1425)
                             (1st time)
1399                       Gniewosz z Dalewic                 (d. 1406)
bf.18Aug 1399-af.22Feb1425 Zbigniew Lanckoronski z Brzezia    (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
bf.7Apr 1426-af.24Jul 1430 Wawrzyniec Zaremba z Kalinowy      (d. 1453/54)
bf.21Oct1430-af.14Jan 1440 Jan Glowacz z Olesnicy             (b. c.1400 - d. 1460)
bf.30May1440-af.9 Mar 1462 Mikolaj Marszalkowic Lanckoronski  (d. 1462)
                             z Brzezia i Lanckorony
bf.2 May1462-af.10Oct 1477 Jan Rytwianski z Rytwian           (b. 1422 - d. 1478/79)
bf.24 Oct 1477 - 1492      Rafal Jakub Jaroslawski z          (s.a.)
                             Jaroslawia i z Przeworska
bf.21 Oct 1492-16 Apr 1505 Piotr Kmita z Wisnicza i z         (s.a.)
                             Sobienia
1505 - 30 Apr 1529         Stanislaw Chodecki z Chodcza       (s.a.)
21 Mar 1529 - 31 Oct 1553  Piotr Kmita                        (b. c.1477 - d. 1553)
21 Jun 1555 - 13 Mar 1561  Jan Mielecki                       (b. 1501 - d. 1561)
22 Jul 1563 - 25 Apr 1574  Jan Firlej                         (b c.1521 - d. 1574)
af.25 Apr 1574- 3 Mar 1593 Andrzej Opalinski                  (b. 1540 - d. 1593)
30 Mar 1593-bf.19 Sep 1595 Stanislaw Przyjemski               (d. c.1595)
 9 Mar 1596-af.27 Nov 1600 Mikolaj Zebrzydowski               (b. 1553 - d. 1620)
25 Jan 1603 -  5 Jul 1615  Zygmunt Myszkowski                 (b. c.1562 - d. 1615)
 6 Jul 1616 -  9 Mar 1630  Mikolaj Wolski                     (b. 1553 - d. 1630)
15 Apr 1630-bf.19 Feb 1650 Lukasz Opalinski                   (b. 1581 - d. 1654)
bf.19 Feb 1650-29 Dec 1664 Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski         (b. 1616 - d. 1667)
17 Jan 1666 - 21 May 1674  Jan Sobieski                       (s.a.)
19 Feb 1676–16/17 Jan 1702 Stanislaw Herakliusz Lubomirski    (b. 1642 – d. 1702)
17 Jan 1702 – 15 Dec 1702  Prince Józef Karol Lubomirski      (b. 1638 – d. 1702)
                             (acting to 25 Feb 1702)
15 Dec 1702 – 24 Mar 1713  Kazimierz Ludwik Bielinski         (b. 16.. - d. 1713)
                             (acting to 20 Dec 1702)
24 Mar 1713 -  2 Apr 1713  Wojciech Andrzej Dambski (acting)  (b. 1676 – d. 1725)
 2 Apr 1713 – 20 May 1742  Józef Wandalin Mniszech            (b. 1670 – d. 1747)
21 May 1742 -  8 Oct 1766  Franciszek Bielinski               (b. c.1683 – d. 1766)
10 Oct 1766 – 12 Aug 1783  Prince Stanislaw Lubomirski        (b. c.1720 – d. 1783)
12 Aug 1783 – 23 Aug 1783  Franciszek Rzewuski                (b. c.1730 – d. 1800)
                             (acting to 19 Aug 1783)
23 Aug 1783 -  8 Jul 1793  Michal Jerzy Mniszech              (b. 1742 – d. 1806)
 1 Aug 1793-af.17 Dec 1794 Fryderyk Józef Moszynski           (b. 1738 – d. 1817)
Presidents of the Council of ministers
 5 Oct 1807 - 16 Dec 1807  Duke Stanislaw Malachowski         (s.a.)
16 Dec 1807 - 25 Mar 1809  Duke Ludwik Gutakowski             (b. 1738 - d. 1811) 
25 Mar 1809 - May 1813     Stanislaw Kostka Potocki           (b. 1775 - d. 1821)
Chairman of the Provisional government
16 Sep 1831 - 22 Feb 1832  Theodor Engel                      (b. 1769 - d. 1837)
Head of Civil Administration
 8 Jun 1862 - 31 Oct 1863  Count Alexander Wielopolski,       (b. 1803 - d. 1877)
                             marquis of Gonzaga 
Head of the Provisional Government
 1 Feb 1917 - 20 Nov 1917  Michal Lempicki                    (b. 1856 - d. 1930)  Non-party
Prime ministers
27 Nov 1917 - 27 Feb 1918  Jan Kucharzewski (1st time)        (b. 1876 - d. 1952)  Non-party
27 Feb 1918 -  4 Apr 1918  Antoni Ponikowski                  (b. 1878 - d. 1949)  SDN
 4 Apr 1918 -  5 Sep 1918  Jan Kanty Steczkowski              (b. 1862 - d. 1929)  SPN
 5 Sep 1918 - 30 Sep 1918  Stanislaw Dzierzbicki (acting)     (b. 1854 - d. 1919)  Non-party
30 Sep 1918 -  2 Oct 1918  Bohdan Broniewski (1st time)       (b. 1855 - d. 1922)  Non-party
                             (acting)
 2 Oct 1918 -  9 Oct 1918  Jan Kucharzewski (2nd time)        (s.a.)               Non-party
                             (acting)
 9 Oct 1918 - 26 Oct 1918  Bohdan Broniewski (2nd time)       (s.a.)               Non-party
                             (acting)
26 Oct 1918 -  4 Nov 1918  Józef Swiezynski                   (b. 1864 - d. 1948)  SND
 4 Nov 1918 - 14 Nov 1918  Wladyslaw Wróblewski (acting)      (b. 1875 - d. 1951)  SND
Premier of the Provisional People's Government (at Lublin)
 7 Nov 1918 - 17 Nov 1918  Ignacy Ewaryst Daszynski           (b. 1866 - d. 1936)  PPSD
                             (in dissidence to 14 Nov 1918)
Prime ministers (president of ministers to 20 Jul 1920; from 20 Jul 1920,
chairmen of council of ministers)
17 Nov 1918 - 19 Jan 1919  Jedrzej Edward Moraczewski         (b. 1879 - d. 1944)  PPS
19 Jan 1919 - 13 Dec 1919  Ignacy Paderewski                  (b. 1860 - d. 1941)  Non-party
13 Dec 1919 - 23 Jun 1920  Leopold Skulski                    (b. 1878 - d. 1940?) NZL
23 Jun 1920 - 24 Jul 1920  Wladislaw Grabski (1st time)       (b. 1874 - d. 1938)  ZLN
24 Jul 1920 - 19 Sep 1921  Wincenty Witos (1st time)          (b. 1874 - d. 1945)  PSL-P
19 Sep 1921 - 26 Jun 1922  Antoni Ponikowski                  (b. 1878 - d. 1949)  ZLN
26 Jun 1922 - 16 Jul 1922  Artur Sliwinski                    (b. 1877 - d. 1953)  Non-party
16 Jul 1922 - 31 Jul 1922  Wojciech Korfanty                  (b. 1873 - d. 1939)  ChD
31 Jul 1922 - 16 Dec 1922  Julian Ignacy Nowak                (b. 1865 - d. 1946)  Non-party
16 Dec 1922 - 29 May 1923  Wladyslaw Eugeniusz Sikorski       (b. 1881 - d. 1943)Mil/Non-party
                             (1st time)
29 May 1923 - 19 Dec 1923  Wincenty Witos (2nd time)          (s.a.)               PSL-P
19 Dec 1923 - 20 Nov 1925  Wladislaw Grabski (2nd time)       (s.a.)               ZLN
20 Nov 1925 - 10 May 1926  Count Aleksander Skrzynski         (b. 1882 - d. 1931)  Non-party
10 May 1926 - 17 May 1926  Wincenty Witos (3rd time)          (s.a.)               PSL-P
17 May 1926 -  2 Oct 1926  Kazimierz Bartel (1st time)        (b. 1882 - d. 1941)  PSL-W
 2 Oct 1926 - 27 Jun 1928  Józef Klemens Pilsudski (1st time) (s.a.)               Mil 
27 Jun 1928 - 14 Apr 1929  Kazimierz Bartel (2nd time)        (s.a.)              PP;1928 BBWR
14 Apr 1929 - 29 Dec 1929  Kazimierz Switalski                (b. 1886 - d. 1962)  BBWR
29 Dec 1929 - 29 Mar 1930  Kazimierz Bartel (3rd time)        (s.a.)               BBWR
29 Mar 1930 - 25 Aug 1930  Walery Slawek (1st time)           (b. 1879 - d. 1939   BBWR
25 Aug 1930 -  4 Dec 1930  Józef Klemens Pilsudski (2nd time) (s.a.)               Mil
 4 Dec 1930 - 27 May 1931  Walery Slawek (2nd time)           (s.a.)               BBWR
27 May 1931 - 12 May 1933  Aleksander Blazej Prystor          (b. 1874 - d. 1941)  BBWR
12 May 1933 - 15 May 1934  Janusz Jedrzejewicz                (b. 1885 - d. 1951)  BBWR
15 May 1934 - 28 Mar 1935  Leon Tadeusz Kozlowski             (b. 1892 - d. 1944)  BBWR
28 Mar 1935 - 12 Oct 1935  Walery Slawek (3rd time)           (s.a.)               BBWR
12 Oct 1935 - 15 May 1936  Marian Koscialkowski-Zyndram       (b. 1892 - d. 1946)  BBWR/OZN
15 May 1936 - 30 Sep 1939  Felicjan Slawoj-Skladkowski        (b. 1885 - d. 1962)  Mil
                             (in Romania exile from 17 Sep 1939)
Prime ministers (Chairmen of the Council of Ministers)
21 Jul 1944 -  4 Feb 1947  Edward Osóbka-Morawski             (b. 1909 - d. 1997)  PPS
                            (chairman of the Polish Committee of
                             National Liberation to 1 Jan 1945)
 7 Feb 1947 - 20 Nov 1952  Józef Adam Zygmunt Cyrankiewicz    (s.a.)             PPS;1948 PZPR
                             (1st time)
20 Nov 1952 - 19 Mar 1954  Boleslaw Bierut                    (s.a.)               PZPR
19 Mar 1954 - 23 Dec 1970  Józef Adam Zygmunt Cyrankiewicz    (s.a.)               PZPR
                             (2nd time)
23 Dec 1970 - 18 Feb 1980  Piotr Jaroszewicz                  (b. 1909 - d. 1992)  PZPR
18 Feb 1980 - 24 Aug 1980  Edward Babiuch                     (b. 1927)            PZPR
24 Aug 1980 -  9 Feb 1981  Józef Pinkowski                    (b. 1929 - d. 2000)  PZPR
                             (acting to 5 Sep 1980)
 9 Feb 1981 -  6 Nov 1985  Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski²        (s.a.)               PZPR/Mil
 6 Nov 1985 - 27 Sep 1988  Zbigniew Messner                   (b. 1929)            PZPR
27 Sep 1988 -  2 Aug 1989  Mieczyslaw Franciszek Rakowski     (s.a.)               PZPR
 2 Aug 1989 - 24 Aug 1989  Czeslaw Kiszczak                   (b. 1925)            PZPR 
24 Aug 1989 -  4 Jan 1991  Tadeusz Mazowiecki                 (b. 1927)            NSZZ/UD
 4 Jan 1991 -  5 Dec 1991  Jan Krzysztof Bielecki             (b. 1951)            KLD
 6 Dec 1991 -  5 Jun 1992  Jan Olszewski                      (b. 1930)            PC
 5 Jun 1992 -  8 Jul 1992  Waldemar Pawlak (1st time)         (b. 1959)            PSL
 8 Jul 1992 - 26 Oct 1993  Hanna Suchocka (f)                 (b. 1946)            UD
26 Oct 1993 -  6 Mar 1995  Waldemar Pawlak (2nd time)         (s.a.)               PSL
 6 Mar 1995 -  7 Feb 1996  Józef Oleksy                       (b. 1946)            SdRP/SLD
 7 Feb 1996 - 17 Oct 1997  Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz            (b. 1950)            SdRP/SLD
17 Oct 1997 - 31 Oct 1997  Marek Belka (1st time) (acting)    (b. 1953)            SdRP/SLD
31 Oct 1997 - 19 Oct 2001  Jerzy Karol Buzek                  (b. 1940)            AWS
19 Oct 2001 -  2 May 2004  Leszek Cezary Miller               (b. 1946)            SLD
 2 May 2004 - 31 Oct 2005  Marek Belka (2nd time)             (s.a.)               SLD
31 Oct 2005 - 14 Jul 2006  Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz            (b. 1959)            PiS
14 Jul 2006 - 16 Nov 2007  Jaroslaw Kaczynski                 (b. 1949)            PiS
16 Nov 2007 -              Donald Tusk                        (b. 1957)            PO          

Polish Republic in exile³

Presidents
30 Sep 1939 -  6 Jun 1947  Wladyslaw Raczkiewicz              (b. 1885 - d. 1947)  Non-party
 9 Jun 1947 -  7 Apr 1972  August Zaleski                     (b. 1883 - d. 1972)PPS/Non-party
 3 Aug 1954 -  7 Apr 1972  Council of Three (in opposition)
                           - Count Edward Bernard Andrzej     (b. 1891 - d. 1993)  Non-party
                               Maria Raczynski 
                           - Wladyslaw Anders                 (b. 1892 - d. 1970)  Non-party
                               (to 12 May 1970)
                           - Tomasz Arciszewski               (b. 1877 - d. 1955)  PPS
                               (to 20 Nov 1955)
                           - Count Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski     (b. 1895 - d. 1966)Mil/Non-party
                               (1956 - 24 Aug 1966)
                           - Roman Wladyslaw Odzierzynski     (b. 1892 - d. 1975)Mil/Non-party
                               (1966-1968) 
                           - Stanislaw Mglej (1968-1969)
                           - Alfred Urbanski (from 1969)      (b. 1899 - d. 1983)  Non-party
                           - Stanislaw Kopanski (from 1970)   (b. 1895 - d. 1976)Mil/Non-party
 9 Apr 1972 - 24 Mar 1979  Stanislaw Ostrowski                (b. 1892 - d. 1982)  Non-party
 8 Apr 1979 -  8 Apr 1986  Count Edward Bernard Andrzej Maria (s.a.)               Non-party
                             Raczynski 
 8 Apr 1986 - 19 Jul 1989  Kazimierz Aleksander Sabbat        (b. 1913 - d. 1989)  Non-party
19 Jul 1989 - 22 Dec 1990  Ryszard Kaczorowski                (b. 1919 - d. 2010)  Non-party

Prime ministers
30 Sep 1939 - 18 Jul 1940  Wladyslaw Eugeniusz Sikorski       (s.a.)               Mil
                             (2nd time)
18 Jul 1940 - 20 Jul 1940  August Zaleski                     (s.a.)               PPS
20 Jul 1940 -  4 Jul 1943  Wladyslaw Eugeniusz Sikorski       (s.a.)               Mil
                             (3rd time)
 5 Jul 1943 - 29 Nov 1944  Stanislaw Mikolajczyk              (b. 1901 - d. 1966)  SL
                             (acting to 14 Jul 1943)
29 Nov 1944 -  2 Jul 1947  Tomasz Arciszewski                 (s.a.)               PPS
 2 Jul 1947 -  7 Apr 1949  Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski             (s.a.)             Mil/Non-party
 7 Apr 1949 - 25 Sep 1950  Count Tadeusz Tomaszewski          (b. 1894 - d. 1967)
25 Sep 1950 - 18 Jan 1954  Roman Wladyslaw Odzierzynski       (s.a.)             Mil/Non-party
18 Jan 1954 -  8 Jun 1954  Jerzy M. Hryniewski                (b. 1895 - d. 1978)  LNP
 8 Jun 1954 -  8 Aug 1955  Stanislaw Cat-Mackiewicz           (b. 1896 - d. 1966)  BBWR
 8 Aug 1955 - 11 Sep 1955  Hugon Hanke                        (b. 1904 - d. 1964)  SP
11 Sep 1955 - 25 Jun 1965  Antoni Pajak                       (b. 1893 - d. 1965)  PPS
25 Jun 1965 - 16 Jul 1970  Aleksander Zawisza                 (b. 1896 - d. 1977)  Non-party
16 Jul 1970 - 15 Jul 1972  Zygmunt Muchniewski                (b. 1896 - d. 1979)  ChD
15 Jul 1972 -  2 Jul 1976  Alfred Urbanski                    (s.a.)               Non-party
 5 Aug 1976 -  7 Apr 1986  Kazimierz Aleksander Sabbat        (s.a.)               Non-party
 7 Apr 1986 - 22 Dec 1990  Edward Szczepanik                  (b. 1915 - d. 2005)  LNP
 

French Residents in the Duchy of Warsaw
 9 Jul 1807 - Dec 1807     Étienne Vincent                    (b. 1781 - d. 1809)
28 Jan 1808 - 16 Mar 1810  Jean-Charles Serra                 (b. 1760 - d. 1813)
                             (from 1810, Jean-Charles Baron de Serra)
16 Mar 1811 -  5 Jul 1812  Louis Édouard Bignon (1st time)    (b. 1771 - d. 1841)
 5 Jul 1812 -  9 Dec 1812  Dominique Georges Dufour de Pradt  (b. 1759 - d. 1837)
 9 Dec 1812 - 14 Mar 1813  Louis Édouard Bignon (2nd time)    (s.a.)

 ¹Under the elective kingship, a king assumed office upon his coronation at the Coronation Diet. The record also includes the date of proclamation of the election at the Election Diet. From 6 Jan 1573, during a vacancy in the elective kingship, the primate of Poland ex officio (occasionally another prelate, in emergency situations) headed the state with the style Interrex. Informally from 4 Jul 1569, constitutionally from 3 May 1791, Poland and Lithuania constituted the United Commonwealth of Two Nations; the Polish king also had the style of Grand Prince of Lithuania, and the two countries were governed together and were represented on the Diets. Although de jure the Polish Interrex only dealt with Poland during a vacancy in the kingship (the Lithuanian Council of State dealing with Lithuania), this is de facto a spurious distinction.
  The full style of Polish kings (and Grand Princes of Lithuania) from 1573 was (in official Latin): Dei Gratiae Rex Poloniae, Magnus Dux Lituaniae, Russiae, Prussiae, Masoviae, Samogithiae, Kiioviae, Volhyniae, Podoliae, Podlachiae, Livoniae, Smolensciae, Severiae, Czernichoviaeque. In Polish: Z Bozej laski Król Polski, Wielki Ksiaze Litewski, Ruski, Pruski, Mazowiecki, Zmudzki, Kijowski, Wolynski, Podolski, Podlaski, Inflancki, Smolenski, Siewierski i Czernihowski ("by the Grace of God, King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia, Prussia, Mazovia, Samogithia, Kiev, Volhynia, Podolia, Podlachia, Livonia, Smolensk, Severia and Chernigov");
  9 Jul 1807 - 14 Mar 1813 The full style of the Duke: Z Bozej laski Król Saski Xiaze Warszawski ("by the Grace of God, King of Saxony and Duke of Warsaw").

 ²A Military Council for National Salvation (WRON), chaired by Wojciech W. Jaruzelski (s.a.) ruled in 12 Dec 1981 - 22 Jul 1983 while the martial law (declared 13 Dec 1982) was in force. Its members were: Wojciech W. Jaruzelski (s.a.), Józef Baryla, Kazimierz Garbacik, Miroslaw Hermaszewski, Tadeusz Hupalowski, Ludwik Janczyszyn, Michal Janiszewski, Jerzy Jarosz, Czeslaw Kiszczak, Tadeusz Krepski, Roman Les, Longin Lozowicki, Tadeusz Makarewicz, Eugeniusz Molczyk, Wlodzimierz Oliwa, Czeslaw Piotrowski, Henryk Rapacewicz, Florian Siwicki, Tadeusz Tuczapski, Józef Uzycki and Jerzy Wlosinski. 

 ³The Polish Government in exile lost the diplomatic recognition of the Western allies 
on 5 Jul 1945.

Polish Noble Titles: Archduke/Archduchess = Arcyksiaze/Arcyksiezna; Baron/Baroness = Baron/Baronesa; Count/Countessa = Hrabia/Hrabina; Count Palatine = Hrabia Palatyn; Duke/Duchess = Diuk/Diuszesa; Emperor/Empress = Cesarz/Cesarzowa; King/Queen = Krol/Krolowa; 
Leader = Naczelnik (not a noble title, but the style used by leaders of National Insurrections in Poland); Lord/Lady = Senior (sometimes also referred as Pan/Pani); Margrave = Margrabia or Markiz/Markiza; Prince/Princess = Ksiaze/Ksiezna the style Kniaz/Kniahini or Kniagini (title was also used is easten parts of Poland for old families of tribal rulers, equal to prince/ksiaze, but more distinguished); Prince/Princess Royal = Krolewicz/Krolewna; Viscount/Viscountess = Wicehrabia/Wicehrabina.

Territorial Disputes: As a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Poland has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to restrict illegal immigration and trade along its eastern borders with Belarus and Ukraine.

Party abbreviations: AWSP = Koalicja Akcja Wyborcza Solidarnosc Prawicy (Coalition Electoral Action Solidarity of the Right, conservative coalition, est.2001); PiS = Prawo i Sprawiedliwosc (Law and Justice, anti-corruption, conservative); PO = Platforma Obywatelska (Citizens' Platform, centrist); PSL = Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe (Polish Peasant Party, conservative, agrarian); SKL = Stronnictwo Konserwatywno-Ludowe (Conservative People's Party); SLD = Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej (Alliance of Democratic Left, former SdRP and PZPR, social-democratic, est.1999, parliamentary coalition incl. SdRP Jul 1991-Jun 1999);  UP = Unia Pracy (Labor Union, in coalition with SLD, socialist); UW = Unia Wolnosci (Democratic Union/Freedom Union, est.1994 by KLD and UD); Mil = Military;
- Former Parties: AWS = Akcja Wyborcza Solidarnosc (Solidarity Electoral Action of the Right, conservative coalition, 1996-2001, later AWSP); BBWR = Bezpartyjny Blok Wspólpracy z Rzadem (Non-party Bloc for Cooperation with the Government, govt. party 20 Jan 1928-30 Oct 1935);
ChD = Chrzescijanska Demokracja (Christian Democracy); KLD = Kongres Liberalno-Demokratyczny (Liberal Democratic Congress, ended 1994); LNP = Liga Niezaleznosci Polski (League of Poland's Independence); ND = Narodowej Demokracji (People's Democracy, from 1919 ZLN); 
NSDAP = Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Worker's Party, Nazi party, German fascist); NSZZ = Niezalezny Samorzadzacy Zwiazek Zawodowy "Solidarnosc" (Independent Self-Governing Trade Union "Solidarity", labor union, democratic, conseravtive, later base of AWS); NZL = Narodowe Zjednoczenie Ludowe (National People's Union, est.Aug 1919, 1923 united with PSL); OZN = Obóz Zjednozczenia Narodowego (Camp of National Unity, 21 Feb 1937-Sep 1939 pro-government, authoritarian); PC = Porozumienie Centrum (Center Alliance, 1990-99); PP = Partia Pracy (Labor Party); PPR = Polska Partia Robotnicza (Polish Workers' Party, 1943-48, communist); PPS = Polska Partia Socjalistyczna (Polish Socialist Party, to 1948); PPSD = Polska Partia Socjaldemokratyczna (Polish Social Democratic Party, from 1919 PPS); PSL = Polskei Stronnictwo Ludowe (Polish Peasant Party, agrarian, 1903-13, split 1913 into PSL-Lewica [from 1915 PSL-W] and PSL-P); PSL-P = Polskei Stronnictwo Ludowe-Piast (Polish Peasant Party "Piast", agrarian); PSL-W = Polskei Stronnictwo Ludowe-Wyzwolenie (Polish Peasant Party "Liberation"); PZPR = Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza (Polish United Workers' Party, 20 Dec 1948-29 Jan 1990, communist); SDN = Stronnictwo Demokratyczno-Narodowe (National Democratic Party); SdRP = Socjaldemokracja Rzeczpospolitej Rolskiej (Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland, est.29 Jan 1990 from the dissolved PZPR; core of the SLD coalition; 17 Jun 1999 merged into SLD); SL = Stronnictwo Ludowe (People's Party); SND = Stronnictwa Narodowo-Demokratyczne (People's Democratic Party); SNN = Stronnictwo Niezawislosci Narodowej (National Independence Party); SP = Stronnictwo Pracy (Labor Party); SPN = Stronnictwo Prawicy Narodowej (Party of National Right); SPR = Stronnictwo Polityki Realnej (Party of Real Politics); UD = Unia Demokratyczna (Democratic Union, 1991-94, from 1994 UW);  ZLN = Zjednoczenie Ludowo-Narodowe (Popular National Union, former ND, est.1919) 

30 Jul 1920                Provisional Revolutionary (Communist) Committee
                             of Poland formed in Bialystok.
20 Aug 1920                Dissolved.

Provisional Revolutionary Committee of Poland
30 Jul 1920 - 20 Aug 1920  Julian Baltazar Marchlewski     (b. 1866 - d. 1925) 
                              (Chairman)
                           - Feliks Dzierzynski            (b. 1877 - d. 1926)
                           - Feliks Kon                    (b. 1864 - d. 1941)
                           - Edward Próchniak              (b. 1888 - d. 1937)
                           - Józef Unszlicht               (b. 1879 - d. 1938)

.... - ....

.... - 1849

1849  - 1 Nov 1918

Map of Galicia and Lodomeria

Capital: Lemberg (Lvov)

Population: 8,00,000 (1910 est.)

 

501                        Part of Poland.

c.998 - 1084               Galicia-Volynya

1084                       Part of Przemysl.

1188 - 1189                Hungarian rule.

1189                       Principality of Galicia

1210 - 1211                Hungarian rule.

1216 - 1221                Hungarian rule.

c.1253                     Kingdom of Galicia

1349                       Part of Poland.

1379 - 1387                Hungarian rule.

 5 Aug 1772                Parts of Little Poland (Malopolska) and Red Ruthenia (Rus Czerwona)

                             annexed by Austria.

Sep 1772                   Austria creates the kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria

                             (in German: Königreich Galizien und Lodomerien, 

                             in Polish: Galicja i Lodomeria).

26 Apr 1795                Little Poland (Malopolska) annexed to Austria as Western Galicia 

                             (from 1 Nov 1803, part of Galicia and Lodomeria).

Apr 1809                   Western Galicia ceded to Duchy of Warsaw (from 1815, part of 

                             Russian Poland), but previous annexations remain part of Austria.

21 Dec 1867                Autonomy granted as part of "Austrian half" of the Austro-Hungarian

                             Monarchy (i.e. of the "Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the 

                             Imperial Diet").

 3 Sep 1914 - 26 Jul 1917  Russian occupation of most of Galicia (in Lemberg [Lvov] 3 Sep 1914

                             - 22 Jun 1915, Przemysl 22 Mar 1915 - 3 Jul 1915).

 1 Nov 1918                Incorporated into Poland.

 6 Jul 1920 - 21 Sep 1920  Galician Socialist Soviet Republic at Ternopol

                             (see under Ukraine).

Presidents of Province Parliament (Marszalek Sejmu Krajowego)
11 Apr 1861 - 19 Mar 1875  Prince Leon Ludwik Sapieha         (b. 1802 - d. 1878)
19 Mar 1875 - Dec 1875     Duke Alfred Józef Potocki von      (b. 1817 - d. 1889)
                             Pilawa
 7 Mar 1876 - 1876         Duke Wlodzimierz Ksawery Tadeusz   (b. 1825 - d. 1899)
                             Dzieduszycki 
 8 Aug 1877 - 1881         Duke Ludwik Wodzicki               (b. 1834 - d. 1894)
14 Sep 1881 -  6 Nov 1886  Mikolaj Zyblikiewicz               (b. 1825 - d. 1886)
18 Nov 1886 - 1890         Duke Jan Józef Tarnowski           (b. 1826 - d. 1898)
14 Oct 1890 - 24 Sep 1895  Prince Eustachy Stanislaw          (b. 1842 - d. 1903)
                             Sanguszko
31 Oct 1895 - 7 Oct 1901   Duke Stanislaw Marcin Badeni       (b. 1850 - d. 1912)
                             (1st time)
 9 Oct 1901 - 1903         Duke Andrzej Potocki von Pilawa    (b. 1861 - d. 1908)
26 Jun 1903 - Jun 1912     Duke Stanislaw Marcin Badeni       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1913 - 15 Apr 1914         Adam Maria Stanislaw Goluchowski   (b. 1855 - d. 1914)
                             von Goluchowo 
15 May 1914 - Nov 1918     Stanislaw Niezabitowski            (b. 1860 - d. 1941)
Ministers of State for Galicia (in Vienna)
11 Apr 1871 - 22 Nov 1871  Kazimierz Grocholski (acting)      (b. 1815 - d. 1888)
25 Nov 1871 - 21 Apr 1873  Joseph Unger (acting)              (b. 1828 - d. 1913)
21 Apr 1873 - 11 Oct 1888  Florian Freiherr Ziemialkowski     (b. 1817 - d. 1900)
11 Oct 1888 - 12 Nov 1892  Filip Zaleski                      (b. 1836 - d. 1911)
12 Nov 1892 - 11 Nov 1893  .... (acting)
11 Nov 1893 - 29 Sep 1895  Apolinary Jaworski                 (b. 1825 - d. 1904)
29 Sep 1895 - 17 Jan 1897  Leo Bilinski (acting)              (s.a.)
17 Jan 1896 - 30 Nov 1897  Edward Rittner                     (b. 1845 - d. 1899)
30 Nov 1897 - 16 Dec 1897  Vacant
16 Dec 1897 -  5 Mar 1898  Hermann Freiherr von Loebl         (b. 1835 - d. 1907)
 5 Mar 1898 -  2 Oct 1899  Adam Jedrzejowicz                  (b. 1847 - d. 1924)
 2 Oct 1899 - 18 Jan 1900  Kazimierz Chledowski               (b. 1843 - d. 1920)
19 Jan 1900 - 28 May 1906  Leonard Pietak                     (b. 1841 - d. 1909)
 2 Jun 1906 -  9 Nov 1907  Count Wojciech Dzieduszycki        (b. 1848 - d. 1909)
 9 Nov 1907 -  3 Mar 1909  Dawid Abrahamowicz                 (b. 1839 - d. 1926)
 3 Mar 1909 -  9 Jan 1911  Wladyslaw Duleba                   (b. 1851 - d. 1930)
 9 Jan 1911 - 19 Nov 1911  Waclaw Zaleski                     (b. 1868 - d. 1913)
19 Nov 1911 - 28 Dec 1913  Wladyslaw Dlugosz                  (b. 1864 - d. 1937)
28 Dec 1913 -  2 Jan 1914  Vacant
 2 Jan 1914 - 21 Oct 1916  Zdislaw Karol Dzierzykraj-Morawski (b. 1859 - d. 1928)
31 Oct 1916 - 23 Jun 1917  Michal Bobrzynski                  (s.a.)
23 Jun 1917 - 25 Jul 1918  Juliusz Twardowski von Skrzypna    (b. 1874 - d. 1945)
26 Jul 1918 - 30 Oct 1918  Kazimierz Galecki von Junosza      (b. 1863 - d. 1941)

  1 Nov 1803               Incorporated into Galicia and Lodomeria.
May 1809                   Occupied by the Duchy of Warsaw.
14 Oct 1809                Annexed to the Duchy of Warsaw (see Poland).
Dec 1809                   Formally incorporated to the Duchy of Warsaw.

Commissioner
16 Mar 1796 - 1801         Johann Wenzel von Margelik         (b. c.1750 - d. 1805)
Governors
 6 Feb 1801 - 1803         Johann Nepomuk Graf von            (b. 1757 - d. 1809)
                             Trauttmansdorf
Jun 1803 -  1 Nov 1803     Anton Baum von Appelshofen (acting)
President of the Central Military Provisional Government for the Two Galicias
May 1809 - Dec 1809        Duke Stanislaw Zamoyski            (b. 1775 - d. 1856)

                   1815 - 3 Mar 1846

Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
 2 Nov 1815 - 18 Jan 1831  Count Stanislaw Karol Wodzicki     (b. 1759 - d. 1843)
18 Jan 1831 - 24 Mar 1833  No permanent chairman
24 Mar 1833 - 26 Feb 1836  Kacper Wieloglowski
26 Feb 1836 - 27 Apr 1839  Józef Haller de Hallenburg         (b. 1783 - d. 1850)
27 Apr 1839 - 27 Oct 1839  Antoni Bystrzonowski (1st time)    (b. 1769 - d. 1848)
                             (acting)
27 Oct 1839 - 27 Dec 1839  Jan Chrzciciel Schindler           (b. 1802 - d. 1890)
                             (1st time) (acting) 
27 Dec 1839 - 27 Feb 1840  Antoni Bystrzonowski (2nd time)    (s.a.)
                             (acting)
27 Feb 1840 - 27 Apr 1840  Jan Chrzciciel Schindler           (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (acting) 
27 Apr 1840 - 27 Jun 1840  Antoni Bystrzonowski (3rd time)    (s.a.)
                             (acting)
27 Jun 1840 - 27 Aug 1840  Jan Chrzciciel Schindler           (s.a.)
                             (3rd time) (acting) 
27 Aug 1840 - 27 Oct 1840  Antoni Bystrzonowski (4th time)    (s.a.)
                             (acting)
27 Oct 1840 - 27 Dec 1840  Jan Chrzciciel Schindler           (s.a.)
                             (4th time) (acting) 
27 Dec 1840 - 27 Feb 1841  Antoni Bystrzonowski (5th time)    (s.a.)
                             (acting)
27 Feb 1841 - 22 Feb 1846  Jan Chrzciciel Schindler           (s.a.)
                             (5th time) (acting to 2 Mar 1841) 
Chairman of the Committee of Safety
22 Feb 1846                Count Józef Wincenty Wodzicki      (b. 1773 - d. 1847)
                             (1st time) 
22 Feb 1846 - 24 Feb 1846  National Government of the Polish Republic
                           - Ludwik Gorzkowski                (b. 1811 - d. bf.1857)
                           - Jan Józef Tyssowski              (b. 1811 - d. 1857)
                           - Aleksander Górka-Grzegorzewski   (b. 1806 - d. 1855)
Dictator of the Polish Republic
24 Feb 1846 -  2 Mar 1846  Jan Józef Tyssowski                (s.a.)
Chairman of the Committee of Safety
 2 Mar 1846 -  3 Mar 1846  Count Józef Wincenty Wodzicki      (s.a.) 
                             (2nd time)
Grand Dukes (title Grossherzog von Krakau) 
16 Nov 1846 - 11 Nov 1918  the Emperors of Austria

18 - 27 Aug 1672           Turkish occupation of Podolia or Kamyanets-Podilsky
                             (Kamieniec Podolski).
18 Oct 1672                Treaty of Buchach, Ottoman Empire annexes Podilia.
                             (Ejalet of Kamieniec)
26 Jan 1699                Treaty of Karlowitz, Ottomans agrees to return Podolia.
 5 - 22 Sep 1699           Ottomans evacuate Kamienca.
23 Jan 1793                Podolia annexed by Russia (part of Ukraine).

Beylerbeys
 2 Sep 1672 - 1675/76      Köstendili Koca Halil Pasha        (b. c.1620 - d. 1685)
                             (1st time) 
1675/76 - Sep 1677         Arnavut Uzun Ibrahim Pasha         (b. 165. - d. 1683
Sep 1677 - 680             Köstendili Koca Halil Pasha        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1680 - 1682                Defterdar Ahmet Pasha              (d. 1683)
1682 -  4 Jan 1685         Arnavut Abdurrahman Abdi Pasha     (b. c.1605 - d. 1686)
Dec 1684                   Tokatli Mahmud Pasha               (b. 1639/40 - d. 1684)
Feb/Mar 1685 - 11 May 1686 Biyikli Silahdar Mustafa Pasha     (d. 1698)
25 May 1686 - 1688         Bosnali Sari Hüseyn Pasha          (d. af.1690)
1688 - Jan 1689            Yegen Ahmet                        (d. 1689)
Jan 1689 - 22 Sep 1699     Mustafa Ibrahim oglu Kahraman Bey 

 9th cent.                 First written mention about settlement.
997                        Visit of St. Adalbert (= St. Wojciech).
1123                       Part of the Principality of Pomerania, which is a Polish 

                             fief and (from 1138) a division of Poland.

1178                       Pomerelia (also called East, Upper or Little Pomerania), having

                             been informal subdivision of Pomerania from 1137, has gradually
                             became a separate Polish division. Rulers of Pomerelia styled

                             Princes of Danzig (from 1234, the Princes of Pomerelia).

1224                       City rights granted.

1227                       Pomerelia independent.

25 Dec 1294                Pomerelia inherited by the prince of Greater Poland and 

                             restored to Poland.

1301 - 1302                Occupied by the Teutonic Order.

14 Nov 1308                Danzig (and Pomerelia) conquered by the Teutonic Order.

13 Sep 1309                Danzig (and Pomerelia)(Herzogtum der Pommerellen) incorporated 

                             into the territories of the Teutonic Order (recognized by

                             Poland 1343).

1342                       First mayors elected (Bürgermeister); four mayors were elected

                             by the Council until 1793. The first had the title of President 
                             (Präsident) or Presiding Mayor (Präsidierende Bürgermeister) and
                             had the highest executive authority, the second had the title
                             had the title of Vice-President (Vice-Präsident). The mayors
                             rotated their positions: after a year in the office, the

                             President gave power to the Vice-President and became the 

                             fourth mayor, etc.

1361                       Danzig a member of the Hanseatic League.

1440                       Accession of Danzig to the Prussian League.

11 Feb 1454                Teutonic knights driven from Danzig in a rebellion.

 6 Mar 1454                Incorporated into Poland as part of Royal (West) Prussia.

25 May 1457                Free City of Danzig (Freie Stadt Danzig) under the sovereignty 

                             of Poland.

19 Oct 1466                Polish sovereignty over Danzig and West Prussia recognized by 

                             the Teutonic Order.

Nov 1520 (4 days)          Under siege by the Teutonic Order.

13 Jun 1577 - 15 Jun 1577  Under siege by Stephan Bathory, King of Poland.

 8 Aug 1577 -  3 Sep 1577  Under siege by Stephan Bathory, King of Poland.

16 Dec 1577                City finally pays homage to the King of Poland.

1626                       Danzig under siege by Sweden.

 3 May 1660                Oliwa incorporated into Danzig.

1704                       Danzig under siege by Sweden.

17 Jan 1734 - 29 May 1734  Russia and Saxony lay siege to Danzig against the King of Poland

                             Stanislaw Leszczynski.

 5 Aug 1772                West Prussia annexed by Prussia in the First Partition of

                             the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Danzig becomes an enclave 

                             separated from Poland, but under Polish suzerainty.

 4 Apr 1793                Occupied by Prussia.

 7 Apr 1793                Annexed to Prussia.

 7 Mar 1807 - 24 May 1807  Under siege by French troops under François-Joseph Lefebvre).

24 May 1807                French occupation.

 9 Jul 1807                Free City of Danzig (Freie Stadt Danzig)(theoretically under the

                             joint protection of Prussia and Saxony, but de facto a 

                             French protectorate).

22 Jan 1813 - 29 Nov 1813  Under siege by Russian troops under Alexander Herzog von 

                             Württemberg (b. 1771 - d. 1833).

 2 Jan 1814                Occupied by Prussia and Russia.

13 Feb 1814                Part of Prussia (and from 1871 Germany).

10 Jan 1920                Under the authority of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers,

                             City of Danzig (Stadt Danzig).

15 Nov 1920                Free City of Danzig (Freie Stadt Danzig)(under League of Nations 

                             auspices).

17 Apr 1924                League of Nations allows Poland to maintain a small garrison

                            (about 90 men) on the Westerplatte peninsula (effective Jan 1926).

 6 Mar 1933 - 16 Mar 1933  Poland occupies the port of Danzig in an effort to reassert

                             Polish prestige in the Free City.

 1 Sep 1939                Danzig incorporated into Germany (as the state of Danzig).

26 Oct 1939                United with occupied parts of Poland as Reichsgau Westpreussen.

Jan 1940                   Renamed Danzig-Westpreussen.

30 Mar 1945                Occupied by Soviet forces.

 2 Apr 1945                Incorporated into Poland, renamed Gdansk.

Aug 1945                   At the Potsdam Conference, the victorious Allies decide on a

                             provisional Polish administration over Danzig pending a 

                             future Peace treaty (annexed 26 Dec 1945)(recognized by 

                             East Germany 1950 and West Germany de facto 1970).

Presidents of the Senate
27 May 1807 - 21 Jun 1807  Governing Commission
                           - Daniel Dodenhoff
                           - Daniel Lietke (Liedseke)
                           - Johann Christoph Sauer
                             (Jean-Christoph Saues)
                           - Carl Klein 
21 Jul 1807 - 14 Mar 1808  Karl Friedrich von Gralath         (b. 1741 - d. 1818)
14 Mar 1808 - 16 Mar 1809  Daniel Andreas Zernecke (1st time) (b. 1745 - d. 1821)
                             (acting to 17 Mar 1808)
16 Mar 1809 - 21 Mar 1810  Karl Renner                        (b. 1739 - d. 1819)
21 Mar 1810 - 18 Mar 1811  Jacob Ernst Schumann (1st time)    (b. 1749 - d. 1823)
18 Mar 1811 - 18 Mar 1812  Gottlieb Hufeland                  (b. 1760 - d. 1817)
18 Mar 1812 - 18 Mar 1813  Daniel Andreas Zernecke (2nd time) (s.a.)
18 Mar 1813 - 13 Feb 1814  Jacob Ernst Schumann (2nd time)    (s.a.)
Lord mayor
10 Jan 1920 -  5 Mar 1920  Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm Sahm    (b. 1877 - d. 1939)  Non-party
Chairman of the Council of State
 5 Mar 1920 -  6 Dec 1920  Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm Sahm    (s.a.)               Non-party
Presidents of the Senate
 6 Dec 1920 - 10 Jan 1931  Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm Sahm    (s.a.)               Non-party
10 Jan 1931 - 20 Jun 1933  Ernst Ziehm                        (b. 1867 - d. 1962)  DNVP
20 Jun 1933 - 23 Nov 1934  Hermann Adolf Reinhold Rauschning  (b. 1887 - d. 1982)  NSDAP
23 Nov 1934 - 23 Aug 1939  Arthur Karl Greiser                (b. 1897 - d. 1946)  NSDAP
                             (acting to 28 Nov 1934)
Head of State
23 Aug 1939 -  1 Sep 1939  Albert Maria Forster               (b. 1902 - d. 1952)  NSDAP
Chief of civil administration
 1 Sep 1939 - 25 Oct 1939  Albert Maria Forster               (s.a.)               NSDAP
Reichsstatthalter
26 Oct 1939 -  2 Apr 1945  Albert Maria Forster               (s.a.)               NSDAP
Soviet Military Commander
 2 Apr 1945 - Apr 1945     Konstantin Konstantinovich         (b. 1896 - d. 1968)  Mil
                             Rokossovsky
City President of Gdansk 
 3 Apr 1945 - 27 May 1946  Franciszek Kotus-Jankowski         (b. 1891 - d. 1958)  PPR

Westerplatte

Polish Commanders of Westerplatte
18 Jan 1926 - 21 Jun 1926  Ignacy Szaniawski                  (b. 1885 - d. 1948) 
21 Jun 1926 -  1 May 1927  Borys Mohuczy 
10 Jun 1927 - 21 Jan 1931  Józef Czechowicz
21 Jan 1931 -  3 Dec 1934  Jan Litynski 
16 Jul 1934 -  3 Dec 1938  Stefan Fabiszewski                 (b. 1896 - d. 1974) 
 3 Dec 1938 -  2 Sep 1939  Henryk Sucharski                   (b. 1898 - d. 1946)
 2 Sep 1939 -  7 Sep 1939  Franciszek "Kuba" Dabrowski        (b. 1904 - d. 1962)
                             (acting)

Port and Waterways Council

Presidents
Mar 1921 - Apr 1925        James de Reynier (Switzerland)     (b. 1870 - d. 19..)
Apr 1925 - Aug 1931        Hugens de Loes (Switzerland)       (b. 1863 - d. 19..)
Aug 1931 - Sep 1934        Carl Josef Benziger (Switzerland)  (b. 1877 - d. 1951)
Sep 1934 -  1 Sep 1939     Johan A. Nederbragt (Netherlands)  (b. 1880 - d. 1953)
 

Polish Royal Commissioners
1736 - 17..                von Unruh
16 Jan 1749 - 1770         Anton von Leubnitz (acting)
1770 - 1793                Adam Husarzewski
Prussian Envoy
1782 - 1793                Johann Christian von Lindenowski   (b. 1736 - d. 1813) 
Polish Delegate
28 Jan 1919 -  8 Feb 1920  Mieczyslaw Jalowiecki              (b. 1876 - d. 1962)
General Commissioners of the Polish Republic
 8 Feb 1920 -  5 Jul 1921  Maciej Biesiadecki                 (b. 1864 - d. 1935)
 5 Jul 1921 - 28 Jan 1924  Leon Boleslaw Plucinski            (b. 1875 - d. 1935)
21 Feb 1924 - 10 Feb 1932  Henryk Leon Strasburger            (b. 1887 - d. 1951)
 2 Feb 1932 - 15 Dec 1936  Kazimierz Papée                    (b. 1889 - d. 1979)
16 Dec 1937 -  1 Sep 1939  Marian Stanislaw Chodacki          (b. 1898 - d. 1975)

Party abbreviation: DNVP = Deutschnationale Volkspartei (German-National People's Party, German nationalist); NSDAP = Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Worker's Party, Nazi fascist, German nationalist -only legal party 21 Oct 1937-1945); PPR = Polska Partia Robotnicza (Polish Workers' Party, 1943-48, communist); SPD = Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (Social Democratic Party of Germany, social-democratic)

                      to  1862

1237                       Elbing founded by the Teutonic Order.

10 Apr 1246                City rights granted; four mayors to 1793, alternating with two of 

                             them worthaltend (in charge) at any time; four "succession lines"

                             can be distinguished.

1251 - 1309                Residence of the Land-Master of the Teutonic Order in Prussia.

1358                       Member of the Hanseatic League.

Feb 1454                   Teutonic knights driven out in a revolt.

 6 Mar 1454                Incorporated in Poland as a Part of Royal (West) Prussia.

24 Aug 1457                Free City under the sovereignty of Poland.

19 Oct 1466                Polish sovereignty recognized by the Teutonic Order.

26 Sep 1629 - 12 Sep 1635  Temporarily ceded by Poland to Sweden, part of Swedish Prussia,

                             residence of the governor-general of Swedish Prussia (see below).

1703 - 1710                Occupied by Sweden.

Sep 1772                   Annexed by Prussia in the First Partition of the Polish-

                             Lithuanian Commonwealth.

1807                       Briefly occupied by France.

1812 - 1813                Occupied by France.

10 Feb 1945                Occupied by the Soviet forces.

 2 Aug 1945                Provisionally (pending future peace treaty) transferred to 

                             Poland with southern part of East Prussia by the Potsdam 

                             Conference (annexed 26 Dec 1945), renamed Elblag.

Commander in Pillau
27 Jun 1626 - May 1629     Aleksander von Essen               (b. 1595 - d. 1664)
Governors-general (in Elbing)
1629 - 1630                Johan Banér                        (b. 1596 - d. 1641)
1630 - 26 Sep 1631         Axel Gustafson Oxenstierna         (b. 1583 - d. 1654)
26 Sep 1631 - 18 Jan 1632  Bengt Bagge (1st time)(acting)     (s.a.)
18 Jan 1632 - 21 Apr 1632  Karl Banér                         (b. 1598 - d. 1632)
21 Apr 1632 - 16 Aug 1632  Bengt Bagge (2nd time)(acting)     (s.a.)
16 Aug 1632 - 1635         Hermann greve Wrangel              (b. 1587 - d. 1643)
21 Aug 1635 - 1635         Johan Nicodem (acting)

29 Jul 1243                Bishopric of Ermland established with capital (from 1350) in

                             Heilsberg (Lidzbark-Warminski)(Hochstift Ermland).

1251                       Sovereign principality (prince-bishopric) of the Holy 

                             Roman Empire.

 6 Mar 1454                Incorporated in Poland as a part of Royal (West) Prussia (not

                             recognized by the prince-bishop until 1464).

 19 Oct 1466               Polish sovereignty de jure.

1479                       Autonomous prince-bishopric (Ksiazebiskupstwo Warminskie) under

                             the Polish crown.

26 Sep 1629 - 12 Sep 1635  Braunsberg (Braniewo) in Ermland temporarily ceded by Poland to

                             Sweden; part of Swedish Prussia (see above).

1703 - 1709                Occupied by Sweden.

13 Sep 1772                Annexed by Prussia in the First Partition of the Polish-

                             Lithuanian Commonwealth.

1807                       Briefly occupied by France.

1812 - 1813                Occupied by France.

19 Feb 1945                Polish administration under (to 23 May 1945) Soviet occupation.

 2 Aug 1945                Provisionally (pending future peace treaty) transferred to Poland

                             with southern part of East Prussia by the Potsdam Conference

                             (annexed 26 Dec 1945)(Warmia).

Mayors (title Bürgermeister)(incomplete)
- 1st Line -
1700 - 17..                Simon Weiss                        (d. 1737)
1706 - 1724                Johann Gottfried Rösner            (b. 1658 - d. 1724)
17.. - 1733                Jacob Casimir Rubinkowski          (d. 1749)
1736 - 1757                Albert Borkowski                   (b. 1686 - d. 1757)
1772 - 1793                Georg Adam Reyer                   (b. 1725 - d. 1799)
- 2nd Line -
.... - 1720                Nalecz
173. - 1739                Jacob Meissner
17.. - 1759                Anton Gering (or Giering)          (d. 1759)
1772 - 1793                ....
- 3rd Line - 
1742 - 1774                Christian Klossmann                (b. 1697 - d. 1774) 
1775                       Nathaniel Praetorius (1st time)    (b. 1722 - d. 1791)
1779                       Nathaniel Praetorius (2nd time)    (s.a.)
1779 - 1793                ....
- 4th Line -
1700 - 1792                ....
1792 - 10 May 1793         Samuel Luther von Geret            (b. 1730 - d. 1797)

Saxon Commander
 9 May 1687 - 14 Oct 1703  von Röber
Swedish Commandant
1703 - 1709                Claes Ekeblad                      (b. 1669 - d. 1737)
Russian Commander
Mar 1766 - 1766/67         Saltykov