Spain Autonomous Communities

Party abbreviations: CDA = Convergéncia Democratica Aranesa-Partit Nacionalista Aranés (Aranese Democratic Convergence - Aranese Nationalist Party, center-right, liberalism, Aranese autonomy, Val d'Aran division of CDC, est.30 Mar 1995); CpM = Coalición por Melilla (Coalition for Melilla, social democratic, split from PSOE, est.2 Oct 1995); Cs = Ciudadanos- Partido de la Ciudadanía (Citizens-Party of the Citizenry, conservative liberal, populist, center-right, est.1 Jun 2006); EAJ-PNV = Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea-Partido Nacionalista Vasco (Basque Nationalist Party, right-moderate, separatist, est.1895, banned 1939-1977); ERC = Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (Republican Left of Catalonia, social-democratic, Catalan nationalist, est.19 Mar 1931, banned 1939-1977); ExC = Eivissa pel Canvi-Ibiza por el Cambio (Ibiza for Change, socialist, ecologist, est.2006); FA = Foro Asturias (Asturias Forum, center-right, split from PP, 18 Jan 2011); GB = Geroa Bai (Yes to the Future, center-left coalition incl. EAJ-PNV, Basque nationalist, Navarra regionalist, est.2011); GxF = Gent per Formentera-Gente por Formentera (People for Formentera, socialist, ecologist, est.2007); Ind = independiente (Independent, unaffiliated); MES = Més per Mallorca (More for Majorca, democratic socialist, ecologist, est.2 Feb 2013); MpM = Més per Menorca (More for Minorca, democratic socialist, ecologist, est.Jul 2014); PACTE = Pacte Progressista d'Eivissa-Pacto Progresista de Ibiza (Ibiza Progressive Pact, ecologist, socialist, est.1996); PAR = Partido Aragonés (Aragonese Party, center-right, Aragonese nationalist, 1978-90 named Partido Aragonés Regionalista [Aragonese Regionalist Party], est.Jan 1978); PDECAT = Partit Demòcrata Europeu Català (Catalan European Democratic Party, center-right, liberal, Catalan nationalist, pro-independence, former CDC, est.10 Jun 2016); PIM = Partido Independiente de Melilla (Melilla Independent Party, split from PP, est.21 Mar 1997); Podemos = Podemos ("We Can", democratic socialist, populist, republican, federalist, Eurosceptic, est.17 Jan 2014); PP = Partido Popular (People's Party, center-right, former AP, est.20 Jan 1989); PPIB = Partit Popular de les Illes Balears (Popular Party of the Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands PP branch, est.20 Jan 1989); PPA = Partido Popular de Aragón (Popular Party of Aragon, PP Aragon branch, est.20 Jan 1989); PPCV-PP = Partit Popular de la Comunitat Valenciana-Partido Popular de la Comunidad Valenciana (People's Party of Valencia, center-right, PP in Valencia, est.20 Jan 1989); PRC = Partido Regionalista de Cantabria (Regionalist Party of Cantabria, centrist, est.10 Nov 1978); PSE-EE = Partido Socialista de Euskadi-Euskadiko Ezkerra (Basque Socialist Party-Left Basque Country-PSOE, social-democratic, Basque regional PSOE, est.1886, banned 1936-1977); PSC-PSOE = Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya-PSOE (Socialist Party of Catalonia-PSOE, social -democratic, Catalonia regional PSOE, est.1978); PSdeG-PSOE = Partido dos Socialistas de Galicia-PSOE (Socialist Party of Galicia-PSOE, social-democratic, Galician regional PSOE, est.1983); PSIB-PSOE = Partit Socialista de les Illes Balears-PSOE (Socialist Party of the Balearic Islands-PSOE, est.1913, banned 1939-1977); PSN-PSOE = Partido Socialista de Navarra-PSOE (Socialist Party of Navarre-PSOE, est.Jun 1982); PSOE = Partido Socialista Obrero Español (Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, social-democratic, est.2 May 1879, banned 1939-1977); PSOE-A = Partido Socialista Obrero Español-Partido de los Socialistas de Aragón (PSOE-Party of the Socialists of Aragon, social-democratic, Aragon branch of PSOE, est.1978); PSPC = Partido Socialista del Pueblo de Ceuta (City of Ceuta Socialist Party, socialist, est.31 Jan 1986); PSPV-PSOE = Partit Socialista del País Valencià-PSOE - Partido Socialista del País Valenciano-PSOE (Socialist Party of the Valencian Community, center-left, social democratic, from 1978 named PSPV-PSOE, est.1974); PSRM-PSOE = Partido Socialista de la Región de Murcia-PSOE (Socialist Party of the Region of Murcia-PSOE, Murcia regional PSOE, est.1979); RI = Reagrupament Independentista (Independentist Regrouping, Catalan independence, Catalan independentist, split from ERC, est.2009); SUF = Sa Unió de Formentera (The Union of Formentera, center-right, conservative, Formentera regionalist, est.2011);; UA = Unitat d'Aran - Partit Nacionalista Aranés (Unity of Aran - Aranese Nationalist Party, center-left, Aranese autonomy, est.2 Feb 1980); UPN = Unión del Pueblo Navarro (United People of Navarre, foralist, christian-democratic, Navarre regionalist, est.3 Jan 1979); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: AP = Alianza Popular (Popular Alliance, reformist, conservative, 9 Oct 1976-20 Jan 1989, renamed PP); CDC = Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (Democratic Convergence of Catalonia, nationalist coalition, liberal, center-left, 17 Nov 1974 - 8 Jun 2016, renamed PDECAT); CDN = Convergencia de Demócratas de Navarra (Convergence of Democrats of Navarre, reformist, centrist, Navarre regionalist, split from UPN, 10 Apr 1995-2 Jun 2011); CDS = Centro Democrático y Social (Social and Democratic Center, social-liberal, reformist, 29 Jul 1982-2006, merged into PP); CEDA = Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups, nationalist, Catholic conservative, 4 Mar 1933-19 Apr 1937); CiU = Convergència i Unió (Convergence and Union, center-right, separatist, coalition of CDC and UDC, Sep 1978-17 Jun 2015); CNT = Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (National Confederation of Labour, anarcho-syndicalist, libertarian communism, 1910-1939); CRS = Conjunción Republicano–Socialista (Republican-Socialist Conjunction, electoral coalistion of federal republican ans socialist parties, 1909-1919, 1931-1933); GIL = Grupo Independiente Liberal (Independent Liberal Group, populist, conservative, Málaga regionalist, Jesús Gil personalist, 1991-2007); Ind = Independiente (Independent); IR = Izquierda Republicana (Republican Left, reformist republican, anti-clerical, 1934-1959, merged into ARDE); LR = Lliga Regionalista (Regionalist League, Catalan conservative, Apr 1901-1936); PFC = Progreso y Futuro de Ceuta (Progress and Future of Ceuta, split from PSOE, 1991-1999); PG = Partido Galeguista (Galician Party, Galicia autonomist, 1931-1950); PRP = Partido Riojano Progresista (Rioja Progressive Party, progressive, La Rioja regionalist, 6 Dec 1982-23 Jun 1990, renamed Partido Riojano); PRR = Partido Republicano Radical (Radical Republican Party, radical republican, 1908-1936, split from UR); PRRS = Partido Republicano Radical Socialista (Radical Socialist Republican Party, republican, radical, social liberal, anti-clerical, Dec 1929-Sep 1934, merged into UR); UCD = Unión Centro Democrático (Union of Democratic Center, center-right, 3 May 1977-18 Feb 1983); UDA = Unió Democràtica Aranesa (Aranese Democratic Union, Aran Valley regionalist, center-right, split from UDC, 1991-2007, merged into PP); UDC = Unión Democràtica de Catalunya (Democratic Union of Catalonia, Catalan, christian-democrat, 7 Nov 1931-24 Mar 2017, banned 1939-1977); UM = Unió Mallorquina (Majorcan Union, Balearic regionalism, center-right, Oct 1982-Feb 2011); UMN = Unión Monárquica Nacional (Monarchist National Union, conservative, monarchist, anti-communist, former Unión Patriótica, 1930-1934); UPCA = Unión para el Progreso de Cantabria (Union of the Progress of Cantabria, regionalist, center-right, 23 Jan 1991-2003); UPM = Unión del Pueblo Melillense (Melillan People's Union, conservative, Melilla city regionalist, split from UCD, 26 Jun 1985-2003, merged into PP); UR = Unión Republicana (Republican Union, center left, progressive, republican, 1934-1959, merged into ARDE)

29 Oct 1883                Assembly gathered at Antequera drafts a constitution styling
                             Andalusia as an autonomous republic inside a federal state
                             (República Andaluza or Estado libre or autónomo de Andalucía). This
                             draft constitution is known as Constitución Federal de Antequera
                             (not effected).
27 May 1978                Junta of Andalusia (Junta de Andalucía) formed to administer the
                             municipalities within the provinces of Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba,
                             Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga, and Seville (by law effective on
                             28 Apr 1978).
28 Feb 1980                Referendum on the Statute of Autonomy of Andalusia passes.
11 Jan 1982                Andalusia (Andalucía)(composed of the municipalities within the
                             provinces of Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén,
                             Málaga, and Seville), established as an autonomous community
                             (by law signed on 30 Dec 1981).

Presidents of the Junta of Andalusia (Presidente de la Junta de Andalucía)
27 May 1978 -  2 Jun 1979  Plácido Fernández Viagas           (b. 1924 - d. 1982)  PSOE
 2 Jun 1979 - 14 Mar 1984  Rafael Escuredo Rodríguez          (b. 1944)            PSOE
                             (acting from 17 Feb 1984)
14 Mar 1984 - 26 Jul 1990  José María Rodríguez de la Borbolla(b. 1947)            PSOE
                             Camoyán 
26 Jul 1990 -  7 Apr 2009  Manuel María Chaves González       (b. 1945)            PSOE
 7 Apr 2009 - 23 Apr 2009  Gaspar Carlos Zarrías Arévalo      (b. 1955)            PSOE
                             (acting)
23 Apr 2009 -  7 Sep 2013  José Antonio Griñán Martínez       (b. 1946)            PSOE
 7 Sep 2013 - 18 Jan 2019  Susana Díaz Pacheco (f)            (b. 1971)            PSOE
18 Jan 2019 -              Juan Manuel Moreno Bonilla         (b. 1970)            PP

 7 Jun 1936                Draft Statute of Autonomy of Aragón is finalized and submitted to
                             the Spanish parliament (which does not act due to the civil war).
17 Jul 1936                Nationalist forces occupy Zaragoza.
15 Oct 1936                Regional Defense Council of Aragón (Consejo Regional de
                             Defensa de Aragón) formed by the National Confederation of
                             Labour (CNT) in Fraga (from Dec 1936, in Caspe), publicly
                             proclaimed 21 Dec 1936.
23 Dec 1936                Republican government recognizes the Regional Council for the
                             Defense of Aragón as an autonomous regional body.
10 Aug 1937                Council dissolved by Republican forces by the occupation of Caspe.
25 Mar 1938                Nationalist forces occupy Fraga (Caspe falls on 17 Mar 1938).
 9 Apr 1978                General Deputation of Aragon (Diputación General de Aragón) formed
                             to administer the provinces of Huesca, Teruel, and Zaragoza (by
                             royal decree law of 17 Mar 1978, effective 18 Mar 1978).
 5 Sep 1982                Aragon (Aragón)(or Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón)(composed of the
                             provinces of Huesca, Teruel, and Zaragoza), established as an
                             autonomous community (by law signed on 10 Aug 1982).

President of the Regional Defense Council of Aragon
15 Oct 1936 - 10 Aug 1937  Joaquín Ascaso Budría             (b. 1906 - d. 1977)  CNT
                             (from 19 Jan 1937, also the Government Delegate in Aragon)
Governor-general of Aragon
10 Aug 1937 - 27 Mar 1938  José Ignacio Mantecón Navasal     (b. 1902 - d. 1982)  IR
Presidents of the General Deputation of Aragon (Presidente de la Diputación General de Aragón)
 9 Apr 1978 -  9 May 1981  Juan-Antonio Bolea Foradada       (b. 1930 - d. 2021)  UCD
 9 May 1981 - 14 Dec 1982  Gaspar Castellano y de Gastón     (b. 1928 - d. 2019)  UCD
14 Dec 1982 - 30 Dec 1982  José María Hernández de la Torre  (b. 1940)            UCD
                             (acting)
30 Dec 1982 -  6 Jun 1983  Juan Antonio de Andrés Rodríguez  (b. 1942)            UCD
 6 Jun 1983 - 30 Jul 1987  Santiago Marraco Solana           (b. 1938)            PSOE-A
30 Jul 1987 - 12 Jul 1991  Hipólito Gómez de las Roces       (b. 1932)            PAR
                             Pinilla
12 Jul 1991 - 17 Sep 1993  Emilio Eiroa García               (b. 1935 - d. 2013)  PAR
17 Sep 1993 - 19 Jan 1995  José Marco Berges                 (b. 1950)            PSOE-A
19 Jan 1995 - 11 Jul 1995  Ramón Tejedor Sanz (acting)       (b. 1955)            PSOE-A
11 Jul 1995 -  2 Aug 1999  Santiago Lanzuela Marina          (b. 1948 - d. 2020)  PPA
Presidents of the Government of Aragon (Presidente del Gobierno de Aragón)
 2 Aug 1999 - 14 Jul 2011  Marcelino Iglesias Ricou          (b. 1951)            PSOE-A
14 Jul 2011 -  5 Jul 2015  Luisa Fernanda Rudí Úbeda (f)     (b. 1950)            PPA
 5 Jul 2015 - 11 Aug 2023  Francisco Javier Lambán Montañés  (b. 1957 - d. 2025)  PSOE-A
11 Aug 2023 -              Jorge Antonio Azcón Navarro       (b. 1973)            PPA

Capital: Oviedo

Population: 1,019,000 (2020)

Regional Holiday: 8 Sep (on feast of the Virgin of Covadonga) Día de Asturias/Día d'Asturies (Asturias Day) (from 1984)

Hear Local Anthem "Asturias, Patria Querida" (Asturias, my dear Motherland) Adopted 4 May 1984

17 Jul 1936                Nationalist forces occupy Oviedo.
 6 Sep 1936                Popular Front Committee (Comité del Frente Popular) is established
                             in Gijón under Belarmino Tomás Álvarez by the General Union of
                             Workers of Spain (Unión General de Trabajadores)(UGT).
23 Dec 1936                Popular Front Committee is transformed into the Inter-provincial
                             Council of Asturias and Leon (Consejo Interprovincial de Asturias
                             y León)(around Gijón, Ribadesella, Santoña, and Avilés), which is
                             recognized by the Republican government as an autonomous regional
                             body.
24 Aug 1937                Inter-provincial Council is transformed into the Sovereign Council
                             of Asturias and Leon (Consejo Soberano de Asturias y León).
18 Sep 1937                Nationalist forces occupy Ribadesella on 18 Sep 1937, Santoña on
                             27 Sep 1937, and Covadonga 1 Oct 1937.
21 Oct 1937                Autonomy ended by Nationalist forces occupation of Gijón and
                             Avilés.
10 Nov 1978                Regional Council of Asturias (Consejo Regional de Asturias) formed
                             to administer the municipalities within the province of Oviedo
                             (by law of 27 Sep 1978, effective 10 Oct 1978).
31 Jan 1982                Principality of Asturias (Principado de Asturias)(composed of the
                             municipalities within the province of Oviedo), established as an
                             autonomous community (by organic law of 30 Dec 1981). Asturian 23 Mar 23 Mar 1998                The Asturian language, also known as Bable, is protected by law (Law
                             1/1998, of 23 March, of Use and Promotion of Bable/Asturian),
                             Spanish remains the only official language in Asturias.

President of the Popular Front Committee
 6 Sep 1936 - 23 Dec 1936  Belarmino Tomás Álvarez           (b. 1892 - d. 1950)  PSOE
                           (also Governor-general of Asturias and Leon 29 Sep 1936-14 Jan 1937)
President of the Inter-provincial Council of Asturias and Leon
23 Dec 1936 - 24 Aug 1937  Belarmino Tomás Álvarez           (s.a.)               PSOE
                            (also Government Delegate in the Provinces of Asturias
                             and Leon 14 Jan 1937 - 21 Oct 1937)
President of the Sovereign Council of Asturias and Leon
24 Aug 1937 - 21 Oct 1937  Belarmino Tomás Álvarez           (s.a.)               PSOE
                             (fled territory on 20 Oct 1937)
President of the Regional Council of Asturias (Presidente del Consejo Regional de Asturias)
10 Nov 1978 - 17 May 1982  Rafael Luis Fernández Álvarez     (b. 1913 - d. 2010)  PSOE
Presidents of the Principality of Asturias (Presidente del Principado de Asturias)
17 May 1982 - 21 Jun 1983  Rafael Luis Fernández Álvarez     (s.a.)               PSOE
21 Jun 1983 - 11 Jul 1991  Pedro de Silva Cienfuegos-        (b. 1945)            PSOE
                             Jovellanos
11 Jul 1991 - 23 Jun 1993  Juan Luis Rodríguez-Vigil Rubio   (b. 1945)            PSOE
23 Jun 1993 - 17 Jul 1995  Antonio Ramón María Trevín Lombán (b. 1956 - d. 2025)  PSOE
17 Jul 1995 - 22 Jul 1999  Sergio Rutilio Marqués Fernández  (b. 1946 - d. 2012)  PP
22 Jul 1999 - 16 Jul 2011  Vicente Alberto Álvarez Areces    (b. 1943 - d. 2019)  PSOE
16 Jul 2011 - 26 May 2012  Francisco Álvarez-Cascos          (b. 1947)            FA
                             Fernández
26 May 2012 - 20 Jul 2019  Javier Fernández Fernández        (b. 1948)            PSOE
20 Jul 2019 -              Adrián Barbón Rodríguez           (b. 1979)            PSOE

18 Jul 1936                Mallorca, Ibiza and Formentera under the Nationalists. On 9 Feb
                             1939, Menorca surrenders to Nationalist forces.
28 Jul 1978                General Inter-island Council (Consejo General Interinsular) created
                             to administer the Balearic Islands of Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza,
                             and Formentera (by law of 13 Jun 1978).
 1 Mar 1983                Balearic Islands (Islas Baleares = Illes Balears)(composed of the
                             province of Baleares [the islands of Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza,
                             and Formentera]), established as an autonomous community
                             (by law of 25 Feb 1983). 

Presidents of the General Inter-Island Council
28 Jul 1978 - 27 Sep 1982  Jeroni Albertí i Picornell         (b. 1927 - d. 2024)  UCD 
27 Sep 1982 - 10 Jun 1983  Francesc Tutzó Bennàsar            (b. 1940)            UCD
Presidents of the Government of the Balearic Islands
10 Jun 1983 - 31 Jul 1995  Gabriel Cañellas i Fons            (b. 1941)         AP;1989 PPIB-PP
31 Jul 1995 - 17 Jun 1996  Cristòfol Soler i Cladera          (b. 1956)            PPIB-PP
17 Jun 1996 - 26 Jul 1999  Jaume Matas i Palou (1st time)     (b. 1956)            PPIB-PP
26 Jul 1999 - 26 Jun 2003  Francesc Antich i Oliver           (b. 1958 - d. 2025)  PSIB-PSOE
                             (1st time)
26 Jun 2003 -  5 Jul 2007  Jaume Matas i Palou (2nd time)     (s.a.)               PPIB-PP
 5 Jul 2007 - 17 Jun 2011  Francesc Antich i Oliver           (s.a.)               PSIB-PSOE
                             (2nd time)      
17 Jun 2011 -  2 Jul 2015  José Ramón Bauzà Díaz              (b. 1970)            PPIB-PP
 2 Jul 2015 - 20 Jun 2023  Francesca "Francina" Lluch         (b. 1971)            PSIB-PSOE
                             Armengol Socías (f)
20 Jun 2023 -  7 Jul 2023  María Asunción Jacoba Pía "Mae"    (b. 1954)            Podemos
                             de la Concha García-Mauriño (f)
                             (acting)
 7 Jul 2023 -              Margalida "Marga" Prohens Rigo (f) (b. 1982)            PPIB-PP

Mallorca (Majorca)

Presidents of the Island Council of Mallorca
24 Apr 1979 - 27 Sep 1982  Jeroni Albertí i Picornell         (b. 1927 - d. 2024)  UCD
                             (1st time)
27 Sep 1982 - 23 Jun 1983  Maximilià Morales i Gómez          (b. 1948 - d. 2017)  UCD
23 Jun 1983 - 16 Jun 1987  Jeroni Albertí i Picornell         (s.a.)               UM
                             (2nd time)
16 Jun 1987 -  7 Jul 1995  Joan Verger i Pocoví               (b. 1944 - d. 2013)  PPIB-PP
 7 Jul 1995 - 29 Jun 2007  María Antònia Munar i Riutort (f)  (b. 1955)            UM
29 Jun 2007 - 14 Jun 2011  Francesca "Francina" Lluch         (b. 1971)            PSIB-PSOE
                             Armengol Socías (f)  
14 Jun 2011 -  4 Jul 2015  María Salom Coll (f)               (b. 1967)            PPIB-PP
 4 Jul 2015 -  6 Jul 2019  Miquel Ensenyat Riutort            (b. 1969)            MES
 6 Jul 2019 -  9 Jul 2023  Catalina Cladera Crespí (f)        (b. 1972)            PSIB-PSOE
 9 Jul 2023 -              Llorenç Sebastià Galmés Verger     (b. 1983)            PPIB-PP

Menorca (Minorca)

28 Jul 1978 - 14 Nov 1983

Adopted 14 Nov 1983

Presidents of the Island Council of Menorca
19 Apr 1979 -  8 May 1983  Francesc Tutzó Bennàsar            (b. 1940)            UCD
 8 May 1983 - 26 May 1991  Tirso Pons Pons                    (b. 1939 - d. 2013)  PSIB-PSOE
26 May 1991 - 18 Sep 1991  Albert Moragues Gomila             (b. 1953)            PSIB-PSOE
18 Sep 1991 - 27 Aug 1995  Joan Huguet i Rotger               (b. 1954)            PPIB-PP
27 Aug 1995 - 30 Jul 1999  Cristòfol Triay i Humbert          (b. 1948)            PPIB-PP
30 Jul 1999 - 17 Sep 2008  Joana María Barceló i Martí (f)    (b. 1959)            PSIB-PSOE
18 Sep 2008 - 14 Jun 2011  Marc Pons Pons                     (b. 1973)            PSIB-PSOE
14 Jun 2011 - 24 May 2015  Santiago Tadeo Florit              (b. 1968)            PPIB-PP
25 May 2015 - 30 Jul 2017  Maite Salord i Ripoll (f)          (b. 1965)            MpM
30 Jul 2017 -  8 Jul 2023  Susana Mora Humbert (f)            (b. 1982)            PSIB-PSOE
 8 Jul 2023 -              Adolfo Vilafranca Florit           (b. 1978)            PPIB-PP

Ibiza (Eivissa) 

Presidents of the Island Council of Ibiza and Formentera
19 Apr 1979 - 27 Jul 1987  Cosme Vidal Juan                   (b. 1930 - d. 2001)  Ind/PPIB-PP
27 Jul 1987 - 31 Jul 1999  Antoni Marí Calbet                 (b. 1932)            PPIB-PP
31 Jul 1999 -  4 Jul 2003  Pilar Costa Serra (f)              (b. 1967)            PACTE
 4 Jul 2003 -  9 Jul 2007  Pere Palau Torres                  (b. 1946)            PPIB-PP
Presidents of the Island Council of Ibiza
 9 Jul 2007 -  1 Jul 2011  Francesc "Xico" Tarrés Marí        (b. 1958)            PSIB-PSOE
 1 Jul 2011 -  4 Jul 2015  Vicent Serra Ferrer                (b. 1956)            PPIB-PP
 4 Jul 2015 -  5 Jul 2019  Vicent Torres Guasch               (b. 1963)            PSIB-PSOE
 5 Jul 2019 -              Vicente Marí Torres                (b. 1965)            PPIB-PP

Formentera

Adopted 25 Jul 2010

Presidents of the Island Council of Formentera
 9 Jul 2007 - 15 Jun 2019  Jaume Ferrer Ribas                 (b. 1969)            GxF
15 Jun 2019 - 15 Oct 2021  Alejandra Ferrer Kirschbaum (f)    (b. 1977)            GxF
15 Oct 2021 - 17 Jun 2023  Ana Juan Torres (f)                (b. 1971)            PSIB-PSOE
17 Jun 2023 -              Lorenzo Córdoba Marí               (b. 1973)            SUF

President of the Santander Defense Junta
27 Jul 1936 -  8 Feb 1937  Juan Ruiz Olazarán                (b. 1901 - d. 1996)  PSOE
                             (also Governor-general of provinces of
                             Santander and Palencia 19 Nov 1936 – 17 Jan 1937)
President of the Inter-provincial Council of Santander, Palencia and Burgos
 8 Feb 1937 -  7 Sep 1937  Juan Ruiz Olazarán                (s.a.)               PSOE
                             (from 17 Jan 1937, also Government Delegate in
                             the provinces of Santander, Palencia and Burgos)
Presidents of the Regional Deputation of Cantabria
(Presidente de la Diputación Regional de Cantabria)
13 Apr 1982 - 31 Mar 1984  José Antonio Rodríguez Martínez   (b. 1931)            AP
31 Mar 1984 - 29 Jul 1987  Ángel Díaz de Entresotos y Mier   (b. 1927 - d. 2009)  AP
29 Jul 1987 - 13 Dec 1990  Juan Hormaechea Cazón (1st time)  (b. 1939 - d. 2020)  AP
13 Dec 1990 -  8 Jul 1991  Jaime María Blanco García         (b. 1944 - d. 2020)  PSOE
 8 Jul 1991 - 19 Jul 1995  Juan Hormaechea Cazón (2nd time)  (s.a.)               UPCA/PP
19 Jul 1995 - 20 Jan 1999  José Joaquín Martínez Sieso       (b. 1956)            PP
Presidents of the Autonomous Community of Cantabria
(Presidente de la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria)
20 Jan 1999 -  2 Jul 2003  José Joaquín Martínez Sieso       (s.a.)               PP
 2 Jul 2003 - 27 Jun 2011  Miguel Ángel Revilla Roiz         (b. 1943)            PRC
                             (1st time)
27 Jun 2011 -  7 Jul 2015  Juan Ignacio Diego Palacios       (b. 1960)            PP
 7 Jul 2015 -  5 Jul 2023  Miguel Ángel Revilla Roiz         (s.a.)               PRC
                             (2nd time)
 5 Jul 2023 -              María José Sáenz de Buruaga       (b. 1968)            PP
                             Gómez (f)

28 Nov 1978                Junta of Communities of the Castilian-Manchegan Region (Junta de
                             Comunidades de la región castellano-manchega) formed to administer
                             the municipalities within the provinces of Albacete, Ciudad Real,
                             Cuenca, Guadalajara and Toledo (by law of 31 Oct 1978, effective
                             15 Nov 1978).
17 Aug 1982                Castile-La Mancha (Castilla-La Mancha)(also in use Comunidad
                             Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha or Región de Castilla-La Mancha)
                             (composed of the provinces of Albacete, Ciudad Real, Cuenca,
                             Guadalajara, and Toledo), organized as an autonomous community
                             (by organic law of 10 Aug 1982).
31 May 1983                The Cortes of Castile-La Mancha meets for the first time (elected by
                             the referendum held 8 May 1983).

Presidents of the Junta of the Communities of Castile-La Mancha
(Presidente de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha)
28 Nov 1978 -  1 Feb 1982  Antonio Fernández-Galiano Fernández(b. 1926 - d. 1999)  UCD
                             (formal inauguration 11 Dec 1978)
 1 Feb 1982 -  4 Jan 1983  Gonzalo Payo Subiza                (b. 1931 - d. 2002)  UCD
 4 Jan 1983 -  7 Jun 1983  Jesús Fuentes Lázaro               (b. 1946)            PSOE
 7 Jun 1983 - 17 Apr 2004  José Bono Martínez                 (b. 1950)            PSOE
17 Apr 2004 - 22 Jun 2011  José María Barreda Fontes          (b. 1953)            PSOE
                             (acting to 30 Apr 2004)
22 Jun 2011 -  4 Jul 2015  María Dolores de Cospedal          (b. 1965)            PP
                             García (f)
 4 Jul 2015 -              Emiliano García-Page Sánchez       (b. 1968)            PSOE

22 Jul 1978                General Council of Castile and Leon (Consejo General de Castilla
                             y de León) formed to administer the provinces of Ávila, Burgos,
                             León, Logroño, Palencia, Salamanca, Santander, Segovia, Soria,
                             Valladolid, and Zamora (by decree of 13 Jun 1978, effective 30 Jun
                             1978). The Diputación Provincial of Logroño and the Diputación
                             Provincial of Santander declined the incorporation.
 2 Mar 1983                Castile and Leon (Castilla y León)(also in use Comunidad de Castilla
                             y León, or Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León)(composed of the
                             municipalities integrated into the provinces of Ávila, Burgos,
                             León, Palencia, Salamanca, Soria, Valladolid, and Zamora),
                             organized as an autonomous community (by organic law of 25 Feb
                             1983). 

Presidents of the General Council of Castile and Leon
(Presidente del Consejo General de Castilla y León)
22 Jul 1978 - 12 Jul 1980  Juan Manuel Reol Tejada           (b. 1933 - d. 2008)  UCD
12 Jul 1980 -  3 Jun 1983  José Manuel García-Verdugo y      (b. 1935)            UCD
                             Candón
Presidents of the Junta of Castile and Leon
(Presidente de la Junta de Castilla y León)
 3 Jun 1983 - 24 Nov 1986  Demetrio Madrid López             (b. 1936)            PSOE
24 Nov 1986 - 28 Jul 1987  José Constantino Nalda García     (b. 1939)            PSOE
28 Jul 1987 - 20 Sep 1989  José María Alfredo Aznar López    (b. 1953)            AP
20 Sep 1989 - 10 Jul 1991  Jesús María Posada Moreno         (b. 1945)            PP
10 Jul 1991 - 27 Feb 2001  Juan José Lucas Jiménez           (b. 1944)            PP
27 Feb 2001 - 19 Mar 2001  José Manuel Fernández Santiago    (b. 1958)            PP
                             (acting)
19 Mar 2001 - 12 Jul 2019  Juan Vicente Herrera Campo        (b. 1956)            PP
12 Jul 2019 -              Alfonso Fernando Fernández        (b. 1965)            PP
                             Mañueco

 6 Apr 1914                Mancomunitat de Catalunya (Commonwealth of Catalonia), a
                             deliberative assembly of the councilors of the four provinces of
                             Catalonia, with mainly advisory powers only, is established (by
                             18 Dec 1913 Law approving the formation of provincial federations
                             signed by King Alfonso XIII).
25 Jan 1919                Mancomunitat approves a draft Statute of Autonomy, but the draft is
                             rejected by the Spanish Parliament.
20 Mar 1925                Mancomunitat is dissolved by the Spanish military government.
14 Apr 1931 - 17 Apr 1931  Catalan Republic (República Catalana) is proclaimed a state, as part
                             of a projected Confederació de pobles ibèrics ("Confederation of
                             Iberian peoples"), at a meeting at the chamber of sessions of the
                             Diputación of the Province of Barcelona (not recognized by
                             government of Spain).
17 Apr 1931 -  6 Oct 1934  Cataluña (to 27 May 1933) = Catalunya. The government of the
                             Catalan Republic is organized as the Govern de la Generalitat de
                             Catalunya as a result of negotiations between the government of
                             Spain and the government of Catalonia.
10 May 1931                Powers and authority of the Generalitat of Catalonia are recognized
                             by decree of the Provisional Government of Spain of 9 May 1931.
21 Sep 1932                Catalonia (composed of the provinces of Barcelona, Gerona, Lérida,
                             and Tarragona) organized as an autonomous region by the Statute of
                             Catalonia (Estatuto de Cataluña/Estatut de Catalunya) of 1932
                             approved by the Spanish parliament on 9 Sep 1932.
27 May 1933                Catalan is recognized as the sole official language in accordance
                             with Art. 3 of a statute (Estatut interior de Catalunya) passed by
                             the Parliament of Catalonia on 25 May 1933.
 6 Oct 1934 -  7 Oct 1934  Catalan State (Estat Català) is proclaimed a state as part of a
                             projected Spanish federal republic (República Federal Espanyola)
                             by proclamation of the President of the Generalitat (not
                             recognized by government of Spain).
 7 Oct 1934 - 26 Jan 1939  Cataluña = Catalunya
 7 Oct 1934                Autonomy is de facto rescinded by military intervention, the military
                             commander of the army of Spain assumed the government of
                             Catalonia.
 3 Jan 1935                Autonomy of Catalonia and authority of the Parliament of Catalonia
                             are suspended, executive authority is vested in a governor-general
                             in accordance with law passed by the Cortes of Spain on 18 Dec
                             1934.
27 Feb 1936                Autonomy of Catalonia remains suspended, but the Parliament of
                             Catalonia is authorized to resume functions for the purpose of
                             appointing the Government of the Generalitat (in accordance with a
                             law of 26 Feb 1936 signed by the President of Spanish Republic).
 8 Apr 1938                Autonomy revoked by the Nationalist Spanish government (by 5 Apr
                             1938 decree, retroactive to 17 Jul 1936). Statute of Catalonia of
                             1932 is declared to have ceased to function on 17 Jul 1936.
                             Barcelona, Gerona, Lérida, and Tarragona provinces are placed under
                             the government of provincial administrations (not effected until
                             26 Jan 1939).
26 Jan 1939                Nationalists occupy Barcelona, polity collapses. Occupation of the
                             rest of Catalonia is completed 5-9 Feb 1939.
24 Oct 1977                Generalidad de Cataluña/Generalitat de Catalunya (restored), the
                             provinces of Barcelona, Gerona, Lérida, and Tarragona placed under
                             it (by decree of 29 Sep 1977, effective 5 Oct 1977). 
11 Jan 1980                Catalonia (Catalunya = Cataluña), organized as an autonomous
                             community (composed of the provinces of Barcelona, Gerona, Lérida,
                             and Tarragona)(by law signed 18 Dec 1979).
23 Jan 2013                Catalan Parliament adopts a "Declaration on the Sovereignty and
                             Right to Decide of the People of Catalonia" (suspended on 8 May
                             2013, and then on 25 Mar 2014, ruled unconstitutional by the
                             Constitutional Court of Spain).
 9 Nov 2014                Self-determination referendum is held (after it was suspended by
                             Constitutional Court of Spain on 27 Sep 2014, and was then
                             downgraded to a non-binding "participation process" by the region,
                             which on 4 Nov 2014 was also suspended by the Constitutional
                             Court). The vote supports, by 80.7%, the Yes-Yes options: "Do you
                             want Catalonia to become a State?" and "Do you want this State to
                             be independent?"; the vote is subsequently declared illegal by the
                             Constitutional Court of Spain on 17 Feb 2015).
 1 Oct 2017                Generalitat self-determination referendum is supported by 92% of
                             voters in a limited (43%) turn out (the referendum was suspended by
                             the Constitutional Court of Spain on 14 Dec 2016. On 3 Mar 2017
                             the Catalan Council for Statutory Guarantees issues a non-binding
                             ruling that the Generalitat does not have the competence to call
                             for an independence referendum. The Constitutional Court of Spain
                             declares the law passed by the Parliament of Catalonia on 6 Sep
                             2017 authorizing the referendum unconstitutional and null on 17 Oct
                             2017).
27 Oct 2017                Catalonia is proclaimed a sovereign and independent republic in
                             accordance with a resolution passed by the Parliament of
                             Catalonia, acting on the results of the referendum held on 1 Oct
                             2017. Spain dissolves the Generalitat and removes the government
                             of Carles Puigdemont (proclamation suspended by Constitutional Court
                             of Spain on 31 Oct 2017).
28 Oct 2017 - 17 May 2018  Autonomy suspended, Catalonia is placed under the direct administration
                             of the federal government of Spain (functions of the President of
                             the Generalitat are exercised by the President of the Government
                             of Spain, who delegates the role to the Vice President of the
                             Government and Minister for Territorial Administrations)(by royal
                             decree of 27 Oct 2017).
17 May 2018                Autonomous administration is de facto restored.

President of the Catalan Republic
14 Apr 1931 - 17 Apr 1931  Francesc Macià i Llussà            (b. 1859 - d. 1933)  ERC
President of the Provisional Government of the Generalitat of Catalonia
17 Apr 1931 - 14 Dec 1932  Francesc Macià i Llussà            (s.a.)               ERC
Presidents of the Generalitat of Catalonia
14 Dec 1932 - 25 Dec 1933  Francesc Macià i Llussà            (s.a.)               ERC
25 Dec 1933 - 31 Dec 1933  Joan Casanovas i Maristany         (b. 1890 - d. 1942)  ERC
                             (interim)
31 Dec 1933 -  7 Oct 1934  Lluís Companys i Jover (1st time)  (b. 1882 - d. 1940)  ERC
                             (imprisoned 7 Oct 1934, term terminated by order of 13 Oct 1934)
 7 Oct 1934 - 10 Jan 1935  Francisco Jiménez Arenas (acting)  (b. 1872/73-d. 1936) Mil
                             (appointed by Military Government Authority of 4th Division)
Governors-general of Catalonia, Presidents of the Generalitat
10 Jan 1935 -  9 Apr 1935  Manuel Portela Valladares          (b. 1868 - d. 1952)  Ind
 4 Apr 1935 - 28 Oct 1935  Joan Pich i Pon                    (b. 1878 - d. 1937)  PRR
                             (acting [for Portela to 9 Apr 1935] to 23 Apr 1935, then interim)
28 Oct 1935 - 25 Nov 1935  Eduard Alonso i Alonso (interim)                        Non-party
25 Nov 1935 - 18 Dec 1935  Ignasi Villalonga i Villalba       (b. 1895 - d. 1973)  CEDA
14 Dec 1935 - 20 Dec 1935  Joan Maluquer i Villadot           (b. 1856 - d. 1940)  LR
                             (acting [for Villalonga] to 18 Dec 1935, then interim)
20 Dec 1935 - 17 Feb 1936  Fèlix Escalas i Chamení            (b. 1880 - d. 1972)  Non-party
17 Feb 1936 -  1 Mar 1936  Joan Moles i Ormella               (b. 1871 - d. 1945)  Ind
Presidents of the Generalitat of Catalonia
(Presidente de la Generalidad de Cataluña = President de la Generalitat de Catalunya)
 1 Mar 1936 -  5 Feb 1939  Lluís Companys i Jover¹ (2nd time) (s.a.)               ERC
                             (left national territory on 5 Feb 1939,
                             continues in exile to 15 Oct 1940)
 5 Feb 1939 - 24 Oct 1977  Post abolished
24 Oct 1977 - 28 Apr 1980  Josep Tarradellas i Joan           (b. 1899 - d. 1988)  ERC
                             (appointed 17 Oct 1977; de facto acting 28 Apr - 8 May 1980)
 8 May 1980 - 20 Dec 2003  Jordi Pujol i Soley                (b. 1930)            CDC-CiU
20 Dec 2003 - 28 Nov 2006  Pasqual Maragall i Mira            (b. 1941)            PSC-PSOE
28 Nov 2006 - 27 Dec 2010  José Montilla i Aguilera           (b. 1955)            PSC-PSOE
27 Dec 2010 - 12 Jan 2016  Artur Mas i Gavarró                (b. 1956)        CDC-CiU;2015 CDC
12 Jan 2016 - 27 Oct 2017  Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó       (b. 1962)        CDC;2016 PDECAT
                             (refused dismissal, left national territory 30 Oct 2017)
28 Oct 2017 - 17 May 2018  María Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría   (b. 1971)            PP
                             Antón (f) (acting)
17 May 2018 - 30 Sep 2020  Joaquim "Quim" Torra i Pla         (b. 1962)            RI
30 Sep 2020 -  9 Aug 2024  Pere Aragonès i Garcia             (b. 1982)            ERC
                             (acting to 24 May 2021)
 9 Aug 2024 -              Salvador Illa Roca                 (b. 1966)            PSC-PSOE

Head of the Executive Council (Cap del Consell Executiu)
19 Dec 1932 - 24 Jan 1933  Joan Lluhí i Vallescà              (b. 1897 - d. 1944)  ERC
Councillor Delegate (Conseller Delegat)
24 Jan 1933 - 29 May 1933  Carles Pi i Sunyer                 (b. 1888 - d. 1971)  ERC
Prime Councillors (Conseller Primer)
29 May 1933 -  4 Oct 1933  Carles Pi i Sunyer                 (s.a.)               ERC
 4 Oct 1933 -  3 Jan 1934  Miquel Santaló i Parvorell         (b. 1888 - d. 1962)  ERC
 3 Jan 1934 - 29 Jul 1936  Post abolished
Prime Councillor, President of the Executive Council
(Conseller Primer, President del Consell Executiu)
29 Jul 1936 -  6 Aug 1936  Joan Casanovas i Maristany         (s.a.)               ERC
President of the Council (President del Consell)
 6 Aug 1936 - 26 Sep 1936  Joan Casanovas i Maristany         (s.a.)               ERC
Prime Councillors (Conseller Primer)
26 Sep 1936 -  5 May 1937  Josep Tarradellas i Joan (1st time)(s.a.)               ERC
 5 May 1937 - 18 Jan 2001  Post abolished
18 Jan 2001 - 22 Dec 2003  Artur Mas i Gavarró                (s.a.)               CDC-CiU
22 Dec 2003 - 20 Feb 2004  Josep Lluís Carod-Rovira           (b. 1952)            ERC
23 Feb 2004 - 12 May 2006  Josep Bargalló i Valls             (b. 1958)            ERC
12 May 2006                Post abolished

Presidents of the Mancomunitat of Catalonia [an advisory body]
 6 Apr 1914 -  1 Aug 1917  Enric Prat de la Riba i Sarrà      (b. 1870 - d. 1917)  LR
 1 Aug 1917 - 17 Jan 1924  Josep Puig i Cadafalch             (b. 1867 - d. 1956)  LR
24 Dec 1923 - 17 Jan 1924  Santiago Estapé i Pagès            (b. 1876 - d. 1936)  LR
                             (acting for absent Puig)
17 Jan 1924 - 30 Jan 1924  Carlos de Lossada y Canterac       (b. 1862 - d. 1936)  Mil
                             (military governor)
30 Jan 1924 - 20 Mar 1925  Alfons Sala i Argemí, conde        (b. 1863 - d. 1945)  UMN
                             de Egara 

Catalan Government in Exile (1939-1977)

Presidents of the Generalitat
 5 Feb 1939 - 15 Oct 1940  Lluís Companys i Jover              (s.a.)               ERC
                             (in Perpignan, then Paris, lastly La Baule-les-Pins,
                             France exile to 29 Aug 1940, then a prisoner in Spain)
15 Oct 1940 -  7 May 1954  Josep Irla i Bosch                  (b. 1875 - d. 1958)  ERC
                             (in France exile)
 7 May 1954 - 24 Oct 1977  Josep Tarradellas i Joan            (s.a.)               ERC
                             (acting to 5 Aug 1954)
                             (in Paris, France exile to 23 Oct 1977)

Prime Councillors
13 May 1940 - 15 Oct 1940  Josep Pous i Pagès (in Mexico exile)(b. 1873 - d. 1952)  Non-party  
15 Oct 1940 - 21 Apr 1954  Vacant
21 Apr 1954 -  5 Aug 1954  Josep Tarradellas i Joan (2nd time) (s.a.)               ERC
                             (in Paris, France exile)

 ¹Between 1936 and 1937 Josep Tarradellas i Joan (s.a.) carried out, by delegation of Companys, his executive functions.

Val d'Aran (Aran Valley)

1220                       The Val d'Aran is integrated into the Kingdom of Aragón.
1313                       Jaume II of Aragón grants administrative and political autonomy
                             to the Val d'Arán (Aran Valley).
1411                       Val d'Aran integrated with Aragón, with autonomy, by the Diputació
                             del General.
1834                       Local autonomy abrogated by Spain. Val d'Aran is incorporated into
                             Lleida province, and the Aranese government (Conselh Generau) is
                             dissolved.
19-24 Oct 1944             Unión Nacional Española (UNE) anti-Francoist guerrillas invade
                             the Val d'Aran and briefly take control of several villages.
28 Jun 1990                Aranese made a co-official language in the Val d'Aran (alongside
                             Catalan and Castilian).
17 Jun 1991                Val d'Aran (Valle de Arán = Vall d'Aran) comarca in Lleida province
                             made an autonomous unique territorial entity (administered by a
                             Conselh Generau) within Catalonia by the Generalitat of Catalonia
                             (by law of 13 Jul 1990; expanded on 5 Feb 2015).
 1 Oct 2017                Generalitat of Catalonia self-determination referendum was supported
                             by 84% Val d'Aran of voters, but with a limited (24%) turn out.

Syndics of Aran (Síndic/Síndica d'Aran)
17 Jun 1991 - 12 Jul 1993  Maria Pilar Busquet i Medan (f)    (b. 1937 - d. 2016)  CDA
12 Jul 1993 -  7 Jun 1995  Amparo Serrano Iglesias (f)                             UDA
 7 Jun 1995 - 18 Jun 2007  Carlos Barrera Sánchez (1st time)  (b. 1950 - d. 2022)  CDA
18 Jun 2007 - 18 Jun 2011  Francés Xavier "Paco" Boya Alòs    (b. 1960)            UA
                             (1st time)
18 Jun 2011 - 18 Jun 2019  Carlos Barrera Sánchez (2nd time)  (s.a.)               CDA
18 Jun 2019 - 29 Oct 2020  Francés Xavier "Paco" Boya Alòs    (s.a.)               UA
                             (2nd time)
29 Oct 2020 -              Maria Vergés Pérez (f)             (b. 1978)            UA

40 AD - 429                Part of the Roman Empire (named Castellum ad Septem Fratres [Fort
                             of the Seven Brothers], gradually shortened to Septem or Septa).
429 - c.533                Part of the kingdom of the Visigoths.
534 - 709                  Part the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire (as Sépton).
612 - 709                  Under suzerainty of the Visigothic kingdom.
709 - 931                  Part of Umayyad (from 750, Abbasid) Caliphate (as Sabtan or Sabtah).
931 - 1026                 Part of Caliphate of Córdoba (named Sebta).
1026 - 1057                Part of Málaga Taifa state.     
1057 - 1061                Part of Granada Taifa state.
1061 - 1084                Ceuta a Taifa state, separated from Granada.
1084 - 1090                Part of Granada Taifa state.
1090 - 1147                Part of Almoravid Empire.
1148 - 1232                Part of Almohad Caliphate.
1232 - 1233                Part of Murcia Taifa state.
1233 - 1236                Ceuta a Taifa state, separated from Murcia.
1236 - 1242                Part of Almohad Caliphate.
1242 - 1249                Occupied by the Hafsid kingdom.
1249 - 1305                Ceuta a Taifa state.
1305 - 1309                Part of Emirate of Granada.
21 Jul 1309 - 1310         Occupied by Morocco (Fez) with the help of Aragón.
1310 - 1314                Re-occupied by Granada.
1314 - 1315                Re-occupied by Morocco.
1315 - 1327                Ceuta a Taifa state, separated from Morocco.
1327 - 1384                Part of Morocco.
1384 - 1387                Occupied by Granada.
1387 -  2 Sep 1415         Part of Morocco.
 2 Sep 1415                Ceuta conquered by Portugal under King João I, Prince Henrique,
                             and Pedro de Meneses, conde de Viana do Alentejo who is appointed
                             as first governor of Ceuta (the Julian calendar date is 21 Aug 1415).
13-17 Aug 1419             Siege of Ceuta by forces of the Marinid Sultanate of Morocco.
17 Oct 1437                Following the failed siege of Tangier, Portugal agrees to cede
                             Ceuta to Morocco, however the treaty is never effected.
 4 Sep 1479                Recognized as a Portuguese possession by Castile in the Treaty of
                             Alcáçovas (and again by Treaty of Tordesillas 7 Jun 1494).
 2 Aug 1580                Ceuta, along with Portugal, become Spanish possessions.
 1 Dec 1640                Ceuta remains a Spanish possession after the independence of
                             Portugal.
 1 Jan 1668                Isla Perejil (Leila) Spanish possession (occupied 1808-1813, 1912-1961,
                             occupied by U.K. Apr-May 1808, by Morocco and Spain 11-22 Jul 2002).
13 Feb 1668                Ceuta formally recognized as Spanish territory by Portugal in the
                             Treaty of Lisbon.
23 Oct 1694 - 1720         Under siege by Morocco.
1721 - 22 Apr 1727         Under siege by Morocco.
25 Sep 1790 - 14 Sep 1791  Under siege by Morocco.
 6 May 1808 - 11 Dec 1813  Ceuta remains loyal to deposed Bourbón King Fernando VII during
                             the French occupation of Spain.
24 Mar 1810 - Jul 1814     Ceuta is garrisoned by British troops, Spanish administration in the
                             name of Fernando VII continues.
18 Dec 1847 - 27 Nov 1912  Ceuta, Melilla, Vélez de la Gomera, and Peñón de Alhucemas are united 
                             as Spanish Captaincy-general of North Africa (Capitanía
                             General de las Posesiones de África).
26 Apr 1860                Recognized as a Spanish possession by Morocco in Treaty of Wad-Ras
                             (Tétouan).
30 Mar 1912                Recognized as a Spanish possession by Morocco in the Treaty of Fez.
27 Nov 1912                Ceuta subordinated as a commandancia of Spanish Morocco
                             (see under Morocco).
 9 Dec 1931                According to the Spanish Constitution of the (Second) Spanish
                             Republic, Ceuta's autonomy is recognized.
10 Jul 1934 - 22 Feb 1968  Post of Governor-general of the Plazas of Sovereignty (Plazas de
                             Soberanía) in North Africa (held by Spanish High Commissioner
                             for Morocco until 7 Apr 1956).
17 Jul 1936                Ceuta taken over by the Nationalists.
 7 Apr 1956                Ceuta a presidio of Spain (part of Cádiz province).
Jun 1962                   Moroccan partial blockade of Ceuta (and Melilla).
Mar 1983                   Moroccan blockade of Ceuta (and Melilla).
15 Mar 1995                Autonomous City of Ceuta (Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta)(composed of the
                             city of Ceuta; separated from Cádiz province)(by 13 Mar 1995 law).

Governors, Captains-general
(Governadores Capitães-Generais de Ceuta)
 2 Sep 1415 - Apr 1430     Pedro de Meneses, conde de         (b. 1367 - d. 1437) 
                             Viana do Alentejo (and from 1424,
                             conde de Villareal) (1st time)
Apr 1430 - 1434            Duarte de Meneses (from 1437,      (b. 1414 - d. 1464) 
                             conde de de Viana)(1st time)
1430 - 1434                Ruy Gomes da Silva (alcaide mor)   (b. c.1391 - d. c.1450)
1434 - 22 Sep 1437         Pedro de Meneses, conde de         (s.a.) 
                             Viana do Alentejo, conde de
                             Villa Real (2nd time)
22 Sep 1437 - 1438         Duarte de Meneses, conde de        (s.a.) 
                             Viana (2nd time)
1438 - 2/3 Jun 1445        Fernando (Fernão) de Noronha,      (b. 1378 - d. 1445) 
                             conde de Villa Real
Jun 1445 - 1447            António Pacheco (1st time)(interim)
1447 - 1448                Fernando de Bragança, marquês de   (b. 1403 - d. 1478) 
                             Vila Viçosa, conde de Arraiolos,
                             Barcelos e Ourém (1st time)
1448                       António Pacheco (2nd time)(interim)
1448 - 1450                Fernando de Noronha, marquês de    (s.a.)
                             Vila Viçosa, conde de Arraiolos,
                             Barcelos e Ourém (2nd time)
1450 - 1456                Sancho de Noronha, conde           (b. 1382 - d. 1471) 
                             de Odemira (1st time)
1456                       Fernando de Portugal, duque        (b. 1433 - d. 1470)
                             de Vizeu e de Beja
1456 - 1460                Sancho de Noronha, conde           (s.a.)
                             de Odemira (2nd time)
1461 - 1462                Pedro de Meneses, marquês e conde  (b. 1441 - d. 1499) 
                             de Villa Real, conde de Gijon,
                             Noronha e de Ourem (1st time)
1462 - 1463                Pedro de Albuquerque (interim)     (d. 1485)
1463 - 1464                Pedro de Meneses, marquês e conde  (s.a.) 
                             de Villa Real, conde de Gijon,
                             Noronha e de Ourem (2nd time)
1464 - 1479                João Rodrigues de Vasconcelos      (b. c.1422 - d. c.1490)
                             Ribeiro
1479 - 1481                Rui Mendes de Vasconcellos         (b. c.1448 - d. 1520)
                             Ribeiro
1481 - 11 Oct 1487         João de Noronha, senhor de         (b. 1420 - d. 1487)
                             Sortelha
Oct 1487 - 1490            António de Noronha (from 1532,     (b. 1464 - d. 1551) 
                             conde de Linhares)
1491 - 1509                Fernando (Fernão) de Meneses,      (b. 1463 - d. 1523) 
                            (from 11 Oct 1496) conde de Villa
                             Real, (from 13 Jun 1497, conde de
                             Alcoutim)
1509 - 1512                Pedro Barba Alardo
1512 - 1517                Pedro de Meneses, marquês e        (b. 1486 - d. 15..) 
                             conde de Villa Real (1st time)
1518 - 1519                João da Silva, conde de Portalegre (b. 1479 - d. 15..)
1519 - 1521                Gomes da Silva de Vasconcellos
                             (1st time)
1522 - 16 Aug 1524         João de Noronha                    (b. 1485 - d. 1524)
1524 - 1525                Pedro de Meneses, marquês e        (s.a.) 
                             conde de Villa Real (2nd time)
1525 - 1529                Gomes da Silva de Vasconcellos
                             (2nd time)
1529 - 1539                Nuno Álvares Pereira de Noronha    (b. 1490 - d. c.1565)
                             (1st time)
1540 -  4 Apr 1549         Affonso de Noronha (1st time)      (b. 1510 - d. c.1586)
 4 Apr 1549 - Oct 1549     Nuno Álvares Pereira de Noronha    (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Oct 1549 - 1549            Affonso de Noronha (2nd time)      (s.a.)
1549                       Antão de Noronha                   (b. 1520 - d. 1569)
1549 - 1550                Martim Correia da Silva (1st time) (d. 1582)
1550 - 1553                Pedro de Meneses                   (b. 1486 - d. 1553)
1553                       Pedro da Cunha (1st time)
1553                       João Rodriges Pereira
1553 - Apr 1555            Martim Correia da Silva (2nd time) (s.a.)
Apr 1555 - 1557            Jorge Vieira
1557 - 31 Mar 1562         Fernando (Fernão) de Meneses       (d. 1564)
                             (1st time)
31 Mar 1562 - Aug 1562     Joáo Alvares de Azevedo
Aug 1562 - Dec 1562        Fernando (Fernão) de Meneses       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Dec 1562 - 1563            Miguel de Meneses, marquês         (b. 1520 - d. ....) 
                             de Villa Real, conde de Alcoutim,
                             conde de Valença
1563 -  1 Apr 1564         Fernando (Fernão) de Meneses       (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
 1 Apr 1564 - Dec 1565     Pedro da Cunha (2nd time)
1566 -  3 Jul 1567         Francisco Pereira
 5 Jul 1567 - Sep 1574     Manuel de Meneses e Noronha,       (b. c.1537 - d. 1590)
                             marquês e conde de Villa Real, 
                             conde de Alcoutim e de Valença
                             (1st time)
12 Oct 1574 - 1577         Diogo Lopes da Franca
                             (= Diego Lopez de Afranca)
1577 - 1578                Manuel de Meneses e Noronha,       (s.a.)
                             duque, marquês e conde de Villa
                             Real, conde de Alcoutim e de
                             Valença (2nd time)
1578 - 1580                Dionísio Pereira                   (d. 1581)
1580 - 1586                Jorge Pessenha
1586 - 15 Aug 1591         Gil Annes da Costa                 (d. 1612)
                             (or Gil Vaz da Costa)
15 Aug 1591 - 1592         Francisco d'Andrade                (b. 1540 - d. 1614)
1592 - 1594                Miguel Luís de Meneses,            (b. 1565 - d. 1637) 
                             duque, marquês e conde de Villa
                             Real, conde de Alcoutim, Valença
                             e Valladares (1st time)
1594 - 1597                Mendo Rodrigues de Ledesma
1597 - 1601                Miguel Luís de Meneses,            (s.a.) 
                             marquês e conde de Vila Real,
                             conde de Alcoutim, Valença e
                             Valladares (2nd time)
1602 - 1605                Affonso de Noronha                 (b. c.1550 - d. 1627)
1605 - 1616                Miguel Luís de Meneses,            (s.a.)
                             duque de Caminha, marquês e
                             conde de Vila Real, conde de
                             Alcoutim, Valença e Valladares
                             (3rd time)
1616 - 1622                Luís de Noronha e Meneses,         (b. 1570 - d. 1641) 
                             conde de Valença e Valladares,
                             marquês e conde de Vila Real
1623 - 15 Sep 1623         Miguel Luís de Meneses,            (s.a.) 
                             duque de Caminha, marquês e
                             conde de Vila Real, conde de
                             Alcoutim, Valença e Valladares
                             (4th time)
15 Sep 1623 - 15 Jan 1624  António da Costa Albuquerque       (d. 1624)
15 Jan 1624 - 15 May 1624  Twelve Knights of Ceuta (acting)
                             (doze cavalleíros de Ceuta)
15 May 1624 -  6 Jun 1625  Fernando de Mascarenhas, conde     (b. c.1610 - d. 1651)
                             da Torre 
 6 Jun 1625 - Jun 1625     Gonçalo Correia Alcoforado         (d. 1642)
Jun 1625 - 1626            Miguel de Meneses,                 (s.a.)
                             duque de Caminha, marquês e
                             conde de Vila Real, conde de
                             Alcoutim, Valença e Valladares
                             (5th time)
1627 - Apr 1627            Dinís de Mascarenhas de Lencastre
                             (interim)
Apr 1627 - 1634            Jorge de Mendonça Pessanha         (d. 1636)
1634 - 10 Aug 1637         Bráz Telles de Meneses             (d. 1637)
10 Aug 1637 - Oct 1637     Fernando (Fernão) Telles de Meneses
                             (interim)
Oct 1637 - Mar 1641        Francisco d'Almeida                (b. c.1580 - d. 1641)
Mar 1641 - 1644            Juan Fernández de Córdoba y        (b. c.1595 - d. 1664)
                             Coalla, marqués de Miranda de
                             Auta (= Joáo Fernandes de Cordova,
                             marquês de Miranda da Anta)
1645 - 17 Nov 1646         Luis de Lencastre, marqués de      (b. 1609 - d. 1646)
                             Malagón
                             (= Luiz de Lencastre, marquês de Malagon)
1646 - 1653                Juan Suárez de Alarcón y Mello,    (b. 1600 - d. 1669)
                             (from 1652) marqués de Torcifal
                             (Turcifal) e conde de Torres Vedras
1653 - 1661                José Fernández de Sotomayor y Lima,(b. c.1600 - d. ....)
                             marqués de Tenorio
                            (= Joáo Fernandes de Souto Maior
                             e Lima, marquês de Tenorio)
1662 - 1665                Jerónimo de Noronha, conde de      (b. c.1615 - d .....)
                             Castello Mendo
1665 - 1672                Pedro de Acuña y Meneses, marqués  (b. c.1607 - d. 1674)
                             de Asentar
                            (= Pedro da Cunha, marquês de Sentar)
1672 -  4 Jul 1677         Francisco Suárez de Alarcón,
                             conde de Torres Vedras
 4 Jul 1677 - 1677         Antonio de Medina Chacón y         (b. 1630 - d. 1694)
                             Ponce de León, obispo de Ceuta
                             (1st time)(interim)
1677 - 1678                Diego de Portugal
                             (= Diogo de Portugal)
1678 - May 1679            Antonio de Medina Chacón y         (s.a.)
                             Ponce de León, obispo de Ceuta
                             (2nd time)
May 1679 -  9 Aug 1681     Juan Arias Pacheco Dávila y        (b. 1642 - d. 1711)
                             Bobadilla Téllez Girón de Mendoza,
                             conde de Puñonrostro
 9 Aug 1681 - 1689         Francisco Baltasar de Velasco y    (b. 1649 - d. 1716)
                             Tovar, marqués de Berlanga
1689 -  1 Dec 1692         Francisco Bernardo Varona
 1 Dec 1692 - Sep 1695     Sebastián González de Andía y
                             Irarrazábal Álvarez de Toledo    (b. 1654 - d. 1698)
                             Enríquez de Guzman, marqués
                             de Valparaíso y visconde de
                             Santa Clara
Sep 1695 - Jul 1698        Melchor de Avellaneda Sandoval     (b. 1653 - d. 1719)
                             Rojas y Ramiro, marqués de
                             Torremayor, marqués de Valdecañas
Jul 1698 - Mar 1702        Francisco del Castillo Fajardo,    (b. 1642 - d. 1716)
                             marqués de Villadarias
Mar 1702 -  1 Apr 1702     Antonio de Zúñiga y la Cerda    
                             (1st time)(interim)
 1 Apr 1702 -  4 Oct 1704  José de Agulló y de Pinós,         (b. c.1646 - d. 1704)
                             marqués de Gironella
 4 Oct 1704 -  1 Jan 1705  Antonio de Zúñiga y la Cerda  
                             (2nd time)(interim)
 1 Jan 1705 - 1709         Juan Francisco Manrique de Arana   (b. 1655 - d. 1736) 
                             e Iraola (1st time)
1709 - 12 Aug 1715         Gonzalo Chacón y Orellana Mendoza  (b. c.1651 - d. 1722)
                             de Toledo Sandoval y Rojas
12 Aug 1715 - 26 Mar 1719  Francisco Fernández de Ribadeo 
                             (Rivadeo)(1st time)
26 Mar 1719 - 25 Jul 1719  Francisco Pérez Mancheño (Manchego)
                             (interim)
26 Jul 1719 - 15 May 1720  Luis Regio Branciforte, príncipe   (b. 1677 - d. 1757)
                             de Campo Florido
15 May 1720 - 28 Sep 1720  Juan Francisco Manrique de Arana   (s.a.) 
                             e Iraola (2nd time)(interim)
28 Sep 1720 - 15 Sep 1725  Francisco Fernández de Ribadeo
                             (Rivadeo)(2nd time)
15 Sep 1725 - 1731         Manuel Luis de Orleáns y de        (b. 1677 - d. 1740)
                             Watteville, conde de Charny
1731 - 28 Jun 1738         Álvaro de Navia-Osorio y Vigil de  (b. 1684 - d. 1732)
                             Quiñones, marqués de Santa Cruz
                             de Marcenado, visconde de Puerto
28 Jun 1738 - 21 Oct 1739  Antonio Manso y Maldonado          (b. c.1670 - d. 1755?)
21 Oct 1739 - 11 Jul 1745  Pedro de Vargas Maldonado López    (b. 1680 - d. 1758)
                             de Carrizosa y Perea, marqués
                             de Campo Fuerte
11 Jul 1745 -  9 Nov 1745  Juan Antonio Tineo y Fuertes       (b. c.1700 - d. 1746)
 9 Nov 1745 -  2 May 1746  Juan José de Palafox y Centurión   (b. 1705 - d. 1764)
 2 May 1746 - 1751         José Joaquín Orcasitas y Oleaga    (b. 1689 - d. 17..)
1751 - 21 Jun 1751         Pedro Loaysa, marqués de la
                             Matilla (interim)
21 Jun 1751 - 1755         Carlos Francisco de Croix,         (b. 1699 - d. 1786)
                             marqués de Croix
1755                       Juan de Urbina Serrano de Narvaez
                             (interim)
1754 -  1 Oct 1759         Miguel Agustín Carreño Roca de     (b. 1680 - d. 1759)
                             Castro y Muñoz
 1 Oct 1759 - 17 Apr 1760  José Sant Just (interim)
17 Apr 1760 - 21 Mar 1763  Juan Wanmarch Lumen de la Vice,
                             marqués de Wanmarch (Warmack)
21 Mar 1763 -  2 Oct 1776  Diego María de Osorio
 2 Oct 1776 - 1783         Francisco Antonio Tineo, marqués   (b. 1713 - d. 1781)
                             de Casa Tremañes (Tremanhes)
1783 - 1784                Domingo Joaquín de Salcedo y       (b. 1727 - d. 1798)
                             Castellanos   
1784 - 1791                Miguel Porcel y Manrique de Arana, (b. 1719 - d. 1795)
                             conde de las Lomas
1791 - 1792                José de Sotomayor y Echevarría 
1792 - 1794                José de Urrutia y de las Casas     (b. 1739 - d. 1803)
1794 - 1795                Miguel Álvarez de Sotomayor y      (b. 1723 - d. 1819)
                             Flores, conde de Santa Clara
1795                       Diego de la Peña (interim)
1795 - 1798                José Vasallo                       (b. c.1732 - d. 1798)
1798                       Ramon de Navas (1st time)(interim)
1798 - 1801                Juan Bautista de Castro
1801 -  4 Jan 1805         Antonio Ferrero                    (d. 1805)
1805                       Ramon de Navas (2nd time)(interim)
1805                       José Ampudia Valdés (interim)      (b. 1741 - d. 1809)
1805 - 18 Jul 1807         Francisco José Cirilo de Orta y    (b. 1744 - d. 1807)
                             Arcos
18 Jul 1807 - 31 Jul 1807  Manuel de Clairac (1st time)
                             (acting)
31 Jul 1807 - 1808         Ramón de Carvajal y Urrutia        (b. 1762 - d. 1832)
1808                       Manuel de Clairac (2nd time)
                             (interim)
1808 - 1809                Carlos Luján (interim)
16 Jan 1809 -  6 May 1809  Manuel de Clairac (3rd time)
                             (acting)
1809 - 1810                Francisco Carlos Gabriel de        (b. 1752 - d. 1818)
                             Gand-Vialin, vizconde de Gand
                             (1st time)   
 5 Mar 1810 - 20 Feb 1813  José María de Alos                 (b. 1765 - d. 1844)
24 Mar 1810 - c.Jun 1813   Sir John Fraser                    (b. 1760 - d. 1843)
                             (British commandant)
c.Jun 1813 - Jul 1814      Charles Griffiths                  (b. 1763 - d. 1829)
                             (British commandant)
1813                       José María Lastres y Mora          (b. 1752 - d. 1829)
                             (interim)
1813                       Francisco Carlos Gabriel de        (s.a.)
                             Gand-Vialin, vizconde de Gand
                             (2nd time)   
1813                       Pedro Grimarest (1st time)(acting) (b. 1759 - d. 1841)
1813                       Andres Mendoza (interim)
1813 - 1814                Fernando Gómez de Butrón (1st time)(b. 1770 - d. 1852)
1814 - 1815                Pedro Grimarest (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1815                       Francisco Antonio de Villar y
                             Herrera (1st time)(interim)
1815 - 1816                Luis Antonio Flores
1816                       Francisco Antonio de Villar y
                             Herrera (2nd time)(interim)
1816 - 1818                Juan de Potons y Morica
1818                       Francisco Antonio de Villar y
                             Herrera (3rd time)(interim)
1818 - 1819                José Miranda y Cabezón (1st time)  (b. c.1778 - d. 1854)
1819                       Pablo Menacho y Tutlló (interim)   (b. 1756 - d. 1830)
1819 - 1820                Vicente Rosique (interim)
1820                       Francisco Antonio de Villar y
                             Herrera (4th time)(interim)
1820 - 1822                Fernando Gómez de Butrón (2nd time)(s.a.)
1822 - 1823                Álvaro María Chacón
1823                       Manuel Fernández (interim)
1823                       Antonio Quiroga (interim)          (b. 1784 - d. 1841)
1823                       Francisco Antonio de Villar y
                             Herrera (5th time)(interim)
1823 - 1824                Juan María Muñoz Manito (1st time) (b. 1761 - d. 1848)
1824 - 1826                José Miranda y Cabezón (2nd time)  (s.a.)  
1826                       Joaquín Bureau (interim)
1826                       Julio O'Neil (interim)
1826 - 1831                Juan María Muñoz Manito (2nd time) (s.a.)
1831                       Juan Cortés (interim)
1831 - 1832                Carlos Ullmann                     (b. 1778 - d. 1856)
1832 - 1833                Francisco de Haro
1833 - 1835                Mateo Ramírez de Arellano   
1835                       Pablo Valiñán (interim)
1835                       Carlos Espinosa (interim) 
1835                       José Villamil (interim)
1835 - 1836                Joaquín Gómez y Ansa               (b. 1773 - d. 1838)
1836 - 1837                Francisco Sanjuanena Gaitán        (b. 1787 - d. 1844)
1837                       Pedro Valiñán (interim)
1837                       Bernardo Tacón y Rosique (interim) (b. 1787 - d. 1843)
1837 - 1844                José María Rodríguez de Vera
1844                       Francisco de Paula Warleta         (b. 1786 - d. 1867)
1844                       Juan Prim y Prats (interim)        (b. 1814 - d. 1870)
1844                       Antonio Marui (interim)
 4 Jun 1844 - 13 Jun 1848  Antonio Ordóñez y Villanueva       (b. 1790 - d. 1857)
Governors (also Governors-general of the Captaincy-General of North Africa)
1848 - 1850                Antonio Ros de Olano               (b. 1808 - d. 1886)
1850                       Trinidad Balboa (interim)          (b. 1789 - d. 1853)
1850 - 1851                Salvador de la Fuente Pita y Pastor(b. 1806 - d. 1881)
1851 - 1853                Cayetano Urbina y Daoiz            (b. 1797 - d. 1867)
1853 - 1854                Joaquín Aguando
1854 - 1857                Mariano Rebagliato Pescetto        (b. 1800 - d. 1884)
1857 - 1858                Carlos Tolrá y Marsella            (b. 1789 - d. 1863)
1858 - 1859                Manuel Gasset y Mercader           (b. 1814 - d. 1887)
1859 - 1864                Ramón Gómez y Pulido (1st time)    (b. 1811 - d. 1885)
1864 - 1865                Manuel Álvarez-Maldonado y Loriga  (b. 1808 - d. 1888)
1865 - 1866                Ramón Gómez y Pulido (2nd time)    (s.a.)
1866                       Antonio Peláez Campomanes          (b. 1811 - d. 1892)
                             (interim)
1866 - 1868                José Orive Sanz                    (b. 1808 - d. 1876)
1868                       Antonio del Rey y Caballero        (b. 1814 - d. 1886)
                             (interim)
1868 - 1870                Joaquín Cristón y Gasatín
1870 - 1872                Enrique Serrano y Dolz
1872 - 1873                Carlos Sáenz y Delcourt            (b. 1817 - d 1882)
1873                       Manuel Keller y García
1873 - 1875                Fulgencio Gavilá y Solá
1875 - 1876                Pedro Sartorius y Tapia            (b. 1818 - d. 1900)
1876 - Feb 1877            Fernando del Piño y Fernández      (b. 1814 - d. 1877)
                             Villamil
1877                       Juan García Torres                 (b. 1813 - d. 1877)
1877 - 1878                Victoriano de López Pinto y Torre
                             Marin
1878 - 1879                José María Velasco Postigo         (b. 1818 - d. 1884)
1879 - 1881                José Aizpurúa y Lorries Fontecha
1881 - 1883                José Merelo y Calvo                (b. 1827 - d. 1901)      
1883                       José Pascual de Bonanza y Soler    (b. 1834 - d. 1892)
                             de Cornellá
1883 - 1889                José López Pinto y Marín Reína     (b. 1827 - d. 1900)
1889 - 1891                Narciso de Fuentes y Sánchez       (b. 1850 - d. 1891)
1891 - 1894                Miguel Correa y García             (b. 1832 - d. 1900)
1894 - 1897                Rafael Correa y García             (b. 1832 - d. 1899)
 4 Feb 1897 - 17 Jan 1900  Jacinto de León y Barreda          (b. 1840 - d. 1900)
1900 - 1903                Manuel Aguilar y Diosdado          (b. 1840 - d. 1913)
1903 - 1907                Francisco Fernández Bernal         (b. 1847 - d. 1907)
1907 - 1908                Fernando Álvarez de Sotomayor      (b. 1844 - d. 1912) 
                             y Flóres
 2 May 1908 - Apr 1910     José García Aldave                 (b. 1845 - d. 1936)
1910 - 1912                Filipe Alfau y Mendoza             (b. 1845 - d. 1937)
Mayors (Alcaldes)
1912 - 1913                José Alvarez Sanz
1913 - 1914                José Trujillo Zafra (1st time)
1914                       Restituto Palacios Garrido
1914 - 1915                Demetrio Guillén Conde
1915 - 1917                José Trujillo Zafra (2nd time)
1917 - 1918                Baldomero Blond Llanos
1918 - 1919                Joaquín García de la Torre y
                             Almenara
1919 - 1923                Isidoro Martínez Durán
Chairmen of the Civic-Military Municipal Junta
1923 - 1927                Agustin Gómez Morato               (b. 1879 - d. 1952)
1927                       José García Benítez
1927 - 1931                José Rosende Martín
Mayor-Presidents (Alcalde-Pesidentes)
1923                       Demetrio Casares Vázquez
1923 - Nov 1923            Eduardo Álvarez Ardanuy            (b. 1849 - d. 1925)
27 Nov 1923 - 1924         Remigio González Lozana
1924 - Sep 1926            Ricardo Rodríguez Macedo      
 6 Sep 1926 - 1927         Manuel Matres Toril                (b. 1875 - d. 1928)
1927 - 1928                José García Benítez
1928 - 1931                José Rosende Martín
22 Apr 1931 -  4 Jun 1931  Antonio López Sánchez-Prado        (b. 1888 - d. 1936)  PRRS
                             (1st time)
Jun 1931 - Oct 1931        Manuel Olivencia Amor              (b. 1901 - d. 1962)  PRR
13 Oct 1931 - 22 Jan 1932  Eduardo Pérez Ortiz                (b. 1865 - d. 1954)  CRS
Jan 1932 - Sep 1933        David Valverde Soriano             (b. 1890 - d. 1937)  PSOE 
Sep 1933 - Feb 1936        José Victori Goñalons                                   PRR
20 Feb 1936 - 18 Jul 1936  Antonio López Sánchez-Prado        (s.a.)               UR
                             (2nd time)
1936 - 1937                José Tejero Ruiz
1937 - 1940                Fernando López-Cantí y Sánchez
1940 - 1941                Jacinto Ochoa Ochoa                (d. 1962)
1941 - 1944                José Vidal Fernández 
22 Feb 1944 - 15 May 1946  Francisco Ruiz Sánchez (1st time)
1946 - 1950                José Rojas Feigenspan (Faigeauspan)(b. 1880 - d. 19..)
1950                       Francisco López Bravo
1950 - 1957                Vicente García Arrazola            (b. 1889 - d. 1962)
1957 - 1961                Francisco Ruiz Sánchez (2nd time)
1961 - 1967                Alberto Ibañez Trujillo            (b. 1890 - d. 1993)
1967 - 1972                José Zurrón Rodríguez              (b. 1920 - d. 2008)
1972 - 1978                Alfonso Sotelo Azorín              (b. 1931 - d. 1997)
1978 - 1979                Ricardo Muñoz Rodríguez (1st time) (b. 1940? - d. 2011) UCD
1979                       Eduardo Hernández Lobillo (interim)
1979 - 1981                Clemente Calvo Pecino              (b. 1925 - d. 1989)  Ind
1981 - 1983                Ricardo Muñoz Rodríguez (2nd time) (s.a.)               UCD
1983 - 1985                Francisco Fraiz Armada (1st time)  (b. 1940)            PSOE
1985 - 1987                Aurelio Puya Rivas                 (b. 1950)            PSPC
1987 - 1991                Fructuoso Miaja Sánchez            (b. 1917 - d. 2009)  PSOE
1991 - Feb 1994            Francisco Fraiz Armada (2nd time)  (s.a.)               PFC
Feb 1994 - 19 Jun 1995     Basilio Fernández López            (b. 1952)            PFC
Mayor-Presidents
19 Jun 1995 - 24 Jul 1996  Basilio Fernández López            (s.a.)               PFC
24 Jul 1996 - 26 Aug 1999  Jesús Cayetano Fortes Ramos        (b. 1952?)           PP
26 Aug 1999 -  7 Feb 2001  Antonio Sampietro Casarramona      (b. 1953)            GIL
 7 Feb 2001 -              Juan Jesús Vivas Lara              (b. 1953)            PP

Plazas de Soberanía (Ceuta, Melilla, Alhucemas, Chafarinas, and Peñón de Vélez)

Governors-general of the Plazas de Soberanía and Territories of North Africa
(gobernador general de las Plazas de Soberanía y territorios del Norte de Africa)
20 Jul 1934 -  7 Apr 1956  the High Commissioners of
                           Spanish Morocco (see Morocco)
10 Aug 1956 - 21 Nov 1963  Alfredo Galera Paniagua            (b. 1899 - d. 1990)  Mil
21 Nov 1963 - 10 Sep 1964  Ramón Gotarredona Prats            (b. 1898 - d. 1968)  Mil
10 Sep 1964 - 28 Oct 1966  Cástor Manzanera Holgado                                Mil
28 Oct 1966 - 22 Feb 1968  José Muslera González-Burgos       (b. 1902 - d. 1972)  Mil

Territorial Dispute: Ceuta and Isla Perejil are claimed by Morocco.

 9 Sep 1978                Regional Junta of Extremadura (Junta Regional de Extremadura)
                             formed to administer the province of Badajoz and Cáceres
                             (by law of 13 Jun 1978).
27 Feb 1983                Autonomous Community of Extremadura (Comunidad Autónoma de
                             Extremadura) established (composed of the provinces of Badajoz
                             and Cáceres)(by law of 25 Feb 1983).

Presidents of the Regional Junta of Extremadura
 9 Sep 1978 - 22 Dec 1980  Luis Jacinto Ramallo García       (b. 1938)            UCD
22 Dec 1980 - 20 Dec 1982  Manuel Bermejo Hernández          (b. 1936 - d. 2009)  UCD
20 Dec 1982 -  8 Jun 1983  Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra      (b. 1948)            PSOE
Presidents of the Junta of Extremadura
 8 Jun 1983 - 28 Jun 2007  Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra      (s.a.)               PSOE
28 Jun 2007 -  7 Jul 2011  Guillermo Fernández Vara          (b. 1958)            PSOE
                             (1st time)   
 7 Jul 2011 -  4 Jul 2015  José Antonio Monago Terraza       (b. 1966)            PP
 4 Jul 2015 - 17 Jul 2023  Guillermo Fernández Vara          (s.a.)               PSOE
                             (2nd time)
17 Jul 2023 -              María Guardiola Martín (f)        (b. 1978)            PP

28 Jun 1936                Draft Statute of Autonomy of Galicia is approved by referendum
                             99.2%, and is submitted to the Spanish parliament on 15 Jul 1936
                             (which does not act due to the civil war).
30 Jun 1936                Executive Committee of the Central Committee of Galician Autonomy
                             established to organize the autonomy.
18/21 Jul 1936             Nationalist forces occupy Galicia.
11 Apr 1978                Junta of Galicia (Junta de Galicia = Xunta de Galicia) formed to
                             administer the municipalities within the provinces of La Coruña/
                             A Coruña, Lugo, Orense/Ourense, and Pontevedra (by law of 16
                             1978, effective 18 Mar 1978).
18 May 1981                Galicia (or Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia/Comunidade Autónoma de
                             Galicia), organized as an autonomous community (composed of the
                             provinces of La Coruña/A Coruña, Lugo, Orense/Ourense, and
                             Pontevedra)(by organic law of 6 Apr 1981).

President of Executive Committee of the Central Committee of Galician Autonomy
30 Jun 1936 - 18 Jul 1936  Ángel Casal Gosenje               (b. 1895 - d. 1936)  PG
Presidents of the Junta of Galicia
(Presidente de la Junta de Galicia = Presidente da Xunta de Galicia)
11 Apr 1978 -  9 Jun 1979  Antonio Rosón Pérez               (b. 1911 - d. 1986)  UCD
                             (formal inauguration 18 Apr 1978)
 9 Jun 1979 - 21 Jan 1982  José Quiroga Suárez               (b. 1920 - d. 2006)  UCD
21 Jan 1982 - 29 Sep 1987  Gerardo Fernández Albor           (b. 1917 - d. 2018)  AP
29 Sep 1987 -  5 Feb 1990  Fernando Ignacio González Laxe    (b. 1952)            PSdeG-PSOE
 5 Feb 1990 -  2 Aug 2005  Manuel Fraga Iribarne             (b. 1922 - d. 2012)  PP
 2 Aug 2005 - 18 Apr 2009  Emilio Pérez Touriño              (b. 1948)            PSdeG-PSOE
18 Apr 2009 - 14 May 2022  Alberto Núñez Feijóo              (b. 1961)            PP
14 May 2022 -              Alfonso Rueda Valenzuela          (b. 1968)            PP

Council of Galicia in Exile (1944-1980)

Presidents of the Council of Galicia (Presidente do Consello de Galiza)
15 Nov 1944 -  7 Jan 1950  Alfonso Daniel Manuel Rodríguez   (b. 1886 - d. 1950)  PG
                             Castelao
                             (in Montevideo, Uruguay; then Buenos Aires exile)
Jan 1950 - 12 Oct 1980     Antón Hipólito Alonso Ríos        (b. 1887 - d. 1980)  PG
                             "siñor Afranio"
                             (in Buenos Aires, Argentina exile)

15 Nov 1980                Logroño province (created 1833) renamed La Rioja province.
 9 Jul 1982                Autonomous Community of La Rioja (Comunidad Autónoma de La Rioja)
                             (composed of province of La Rioja)(by Organic Law of 9 Jun 1982).

Presidents of the Autonomous Community of La Rioja
26 Aug 1982 - 27 Jan 1983  Luis Javier Rodríguez Moroy       (b. 1944)         UCD;Dec 1982 PRP
                             (provisional)
27 Jan 1983 - 30 May 1983  Antonio Rodríguez Basulto         (b. 1945)            UCD 
                             (provisional)
30 May 1983 - 27 Jul 1987  José María de Miguel Gil          (b. 1950)            PSOE
27 Jul 1987 -  9 Jan 1990  Joaquín Espert Pérez-Caballero    (b. 1938 - d. 2023)  AP
 9 Jan 1990 -  3 Jul 1995  José Ignacio Pérez Sáenz          (b. 1951)            PSOE
 3 Jul 1995 -  8 Jul 2015  Pedro María Sanz Alonso           (b. 1953)            PP
 8 Jul 2015 - 29 Aug 2019  José Ignacio Ceniceros González   (b. 1956)            PP
29 Aug 2019 - 30 Jun 2023  Concepción "Concha" Andreu        (b. 1967)            PSOE
                             Rodríguez (f)
30 Jun 2023 -              Gonzalo Capellán de Miguel        (b. 1972)            PP

 1-2 May 1808              Uprising of May 2, 1808. The people of Madrid attack the Mameluks
                             of the Imperial Guard in the Puerta del Sol square sent by French
                             Marshal Joachim Murat to remove the Infante Francisco de Paula,
                             triggering the War of Spanish Independence.
 7 Nov 1936 - 23 Apr 1937  Madrid Defense Junta is formed after transfer of the Republican
                             government to Valencia.
28 Mar 1939                Nationalist forces occupy Madrid.
 1 Mar 1983                Community of Madrid (Comunidad de Madrid)(composed of the
                             province of Madrid), established as an autonomous community
                             (by organic law of 25 Feb 1983).

President of the Madrid Defense (from 25 Nov 1936, Delegate Defense) Junta
 7 Nov 1936 - 23 Apr 1937  José Miaja Menant                 (b. 1878 - d. 1958)  Mil   
Presidents of the Community of Madrid
14 Jun 1983 - 29 Jun 1995  Joaquín Leguina Herrán            (b. 1941)            PSOE
29 Jun 1995 - 20 Nov 2003  Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón Jiménez    (b. 1958)            PP
20 Nov 2003 - 17 Sep 2012  Esperanza Aguirre y Gil de        (b. 1952)            PP
                             Biedma (f)
17 Sep 2012 - 25 Jun 2015  Ignacio González González         (b. 1960)            PP
                             (acting to 27 Sep 2012)
25 Jun 2015 - 25 Apr 2018  Cristina Cifuentes Cuencas (f)    (b. 1964)            PP
25 Apr 2018 - 11 Apr 2019  Ángel Garrido García              (b. 1964)            PP
                             (acting to 21 May 2018)
11 Apr 2019 - 19 Aug 2019  Pedro Manuel Rollán Ojeda (acting)(b. 1969)            PP
19 Aug 2019 -              Isabel Natividad Díaz Ayuso (f)   (b. 1978)            PP

40 AD - 429                Part of the Roman Empire.
534 - 614                  Part the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire.
614 - 700                  Part of Visigoth kingdom.
700 - 789                  Part of Umayyad (from 750, Abbasid) Caliphate.
789 - 922                  Part of Fez (Morocco) under Idrisid dynasty.
859                        Melilla is sacked by the Normans.
922 - 926                  Occupied by Fatimid Caliphate.
926 - 1030                 Part of Caliphate of Córdoba.
1030 - 1080                Kingdom (Taifa) of Melilla, independent of Córdoba.
1063 - 1064                Occupied by Málaga (Taifa) kingdom.
1080 - 1141                Part of Almoravid Empire.
1141 - 1272                Part of Almohad Caliphate.
1272 - 1465                Part of Banu Marin (Marinid)(Morocco).
1465 - 1496                Disputed between Kingdom of Fez (Morocco) and the Kingdom of Tlemcen;
                             in Jul 1493 the Sheikh of Melilla visits Madrid and later 
                             Melilla is burned.
17 Sep 1496                Pedro de Estopiñán, in the service of the Duke of Medina Sidonia,
                             occupies Melilla.
17 Sep 1496                Castile (Spanish) possession (feudal grant to the family to 1556 of the
                             Juan Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, duque de Medina Sidonia, who is named
                             captain-general of Melilla on 10 Oct 1496).
22 Apr 1506 -  7 Jan 1533  Cazaza, on the western coast of peninsula of Three Forks (Tres
                             Forcas)(18km from Melilla), a Castile possession (part of the feudal
                             grant of the duque de Medina Sidonia)(under Melilla).
23 Jul 1508                Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera a Castile possession (under Melilla).
18 Sep 1509                By Treaty of Sintra Castillian possesion recognized by Portugal.
 1 Oct 1540                Isla de Alborán a Castile possession (under Almería).
 7 Jun 1556                Melilla a Spanish crown possession (under the Council of Castile).
 5 Aug 1660                Violent earthquake strikes, resulting in large casualties.
28 Aug 1673                Peñón de Alhucemas a Spanish possession (under Melilla).
17 Aug 1715 - 11 Feb 1716  Under siege by Morocco.
 9 Dec 1774 - 19 Mar 1775  Under siege by Morocco.
14 Feb 1810 - 11 Dec 1813  Melilla is loyal to deposed Bourbón King Fernando VII (represented
                             by the Supreme Council of Regency in Cádiz) during the French
                             occupation of Spain.
 4 Mar 1811                The pro-Fernando VII Cortes in Cádiz votes against a motion to ceded
                             the minor presidios of Peñón, Melilla, and Alhucemas to Morocco,
                             84 to 49 (and again 26 Mar 1811, 64-60; but approved it 2 Sep 1811,
                             65-63, however cession negotiations with Morocco fail).
20 Dec 1838 - 25 Mar 1839  "Carlists" in Melilla revolt and form a government in the name
                             of Carlos (V)(under royalist blockade from 10 Feb 1839).
20 Jul 1847                Islas Chafarinas a Spanish possession (taking possession 6 Jan 1848).
18 Dec 1847 - 27 Nov 1912  Part of Spanish Captaincy-general of North Africa (see under Ceuta).
26 Apr 1860                Recognized as a Spanish possession by Morocco in Treaty of Wad-Ras
                             (Tétouan).
29 Sep 1868 -  7 Oct 1868  Creation of the General Command of Ceuta and Other Possessions of
                             Africa in the Mediterranean (Comandancia General de Ceuta y demás
                             posesiones de Africa en el Mediterráneo)(not effected).
28 Oct 1893                Creation of commandáncia general of Melilla.
 1 Jun 1910                Creation of the Capitanía General of Melilla.
30 Mar 1912                Recognized as a Spanish possession by Morocco in the Treaty of Fez.
27 Nov 1912                Melilla subordinated as a commandancia of Spanish Morocco
                             (see under Morocco).
 9 Dec 1931                According to the Spanish Constitution of the Second Spanish
                             Republic, Melilla's autonomy is recognized.
10 Jul 1934 - 22 Feb 1968  Under the Governor-general of the Plazas of Sovereignty (Plazas de
                             Soberanía) in North Africa (see under Ceuta).
17 Jul 1936                Melilla taken over by the Nationalists.
 7 Apr 1956                Melilla a presidio of Spain (part of Málaga province).
Jun 1962                   Moroccan partial blockade of Melilla (and Ceuta).
Mar 1983                   Moroccan blockade of Melilla (and Ceuta).
15 Mar 1995                Autonomous City of Melilla (Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla)(composed of
                             the city of Melilla, separated from Málaga province)(by law
                             of 13 Mar 1995).

Captains-general of Melilla
10 Oct 1496 - 10 Jul 1507  Juan Alonso Pérez de Guzmán,        (b. 1464 - d. 1507)
                             duque de Medina Sidonia
10 Jul 1507 - 20 Jan 1513  Enrique Pérez de Guzmán y Fernández (b. 1494 - d. 1513)
                             de Velasco, duque de Medina
                             Sidonia
20 Jan 1513 - 26 Nov 1549  Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán y de Guzmán (b. 1500 - d. 1549)
                             -Zúñiga, duque de Medina Sidonia
26 Nov 1549 -  7 Jun 1556  Juan Alonso Pérez de Guzmán y de    (b. 1502 - d. 1558)
                             Guzmán-Zúñiga, duque de Medina
                             Sidonia
Alcaides and Captains (for the Dukes of Medina Sidonia to 7 Jun 1556)  
17 Sep 1496 - 1497?        Pedro de Estopiñán y Virués         (b. c.1470 - d. 1505)
1497 - 1500?               Goméz Suárez
1500 - 1510                Gonzalo Mariño de Ribera            (b. c.1465 - d. 15..)
                             (or Ribelles)(1st time)
1510 - 1513                Bernavé Pinelo
1513 - 1518                Fernando de Abreu
1518 - 1522                Gonzalo Mariño de Ribera            (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1522 - 1535                Francisco de Medina Monsivay
1535 - 1542                Cristóbal Dabrés (de Abreu)
1543 - 1546                Hernando de Jerez
1546 - 1554                Juan de Perea
1554 - 1559                Alonso de Urrea
1559 - 1568                Pedro Venegas de Córdoba            (d. 1603)
1568 - 1571                Francisco Sánchez de Córdoba
 4 Dec 1571 - 1595         Antonio de Tejada
1595 - 1596                Jerónimo de los Barrios
1596 - 1603                Martín Dávalos y Padilla
1603 - 1611                Pedro de Herrida
1612 - 1617                Domingo de Dieguez
1617 - 1618                Gaspar de Mondragón
1618 - 1619                Domingo de Ochoa
1619 - 1620                Diego de Leyva
1620 - 1622                Francisco Rodríguez de Sanabria 
1622 - 1624                Francisco Ruíz 
1624 - 1625                Francisco de Córdoba y Rojas,       (d. 1648)
                             conde de Casa Palma (interim)
1625 - 14 Mar 1632         Luis de Sotomayor                   (d. 1632)
Mar 1632 - 1633            Pedro Moreo (1st time)(interim)     (d. 1638)
1633 - 12 Mar 1635         Tomás Mejias de Escobedo
12 Mar 1635 - 1637         Pedro Moreo (2nd time)(interim)     (s.q.)
Governors
 4 Nov 1637 -  4 Oct 1648  Gabriel de Peñalosa y Estrada       (d. 1648)
1646 - 18 Jul 1646         Carlos Ramírez de Arellano
                             (acting for Estrada)
18 Jul 1646 - Nov 1646     Gil Fernández de Navarrete
                             (acting for Estrada)
1649 -  6 May 1649         Luis de Sotomayor                   (d. 1649)
 6 May 1649 - 18 Jul 1649  Andrés del Carte y Murisábal
                             (interim)
18 Jul 1649 - 29 Oct 1649  Lázaro Moreo (interim)
29 Oct 1649 -  5 Dec 1650  Jordán Pérez                        (d. 1650)
19 Feb 1651 - 1651         Juan de Peñalosa (interim)
May 1651 - 29 Jul 1655     Pedro Palacio y Guevara
 8 Nov 1655 - 29 Aug 1656  Diego de Arce (1st time)(interim)   (d. 1674)
 1 Sep 1656 - 1669         Luis de Velázquez y Angulo          (b. 1605 - d. 1671?)
 7 Nov 1667 -  1 Jun 1669  Juan de Peñalosa y Estrada (interim)
                             (acting for Velázquez y Angulo)
 1 Jun 1669 - 1672         Francisco Osorio de Astorga         (d. 1688)
Aug 1672 -  3 Oct 1674     Diego de Arce (2nd time)            (s.a.)
 3 Oct 1674 -  1 Feb 1675  Pedro Moreo (interim)               (d. 1695)
 1 May 1675 - 1680         José Frías
1680 - 31 Dec 1682         Diego Toscano y Brito
31 Dec 1682 - Apr 1687     Diego Pacheco y Arce
Apr 1687 -  5 Oct 1687     Francisco López Moreno              (d. 1687)
 5 Oct 1687 - 1688         Antonio Domínguez de Durán (interim)
1688 - 1691                Bernabé Ramos de Miranda
24 Mar 1692 -  1 Feb 1697  Antonio de Zúñiga y de la Cerda
 1 Feb 1697 - 14 Jul 1703  Domingo de Canal y Soldevilla   
1704 - 1707                Blas de la Trinchería (Trinxeria)   (b. 1663 - d. 1776)
                             (interim)
1707 - 1711                Diego de Flores
13 Jul 1711 - 14 Feb 1714  Juan Jerónimo Ungo de Velasco
19 Sep 1714 -  1 Nov 1715  Patricio Gómez de la Hoz            (d. 1715)
 1 Nov 1715 - 25 Mar 1716  Pedro Sansón, conde de Desallois
                             (Des' Allois)(interim)  
25 Mar 1716 -  2 Feb 1719  Pedro Borrás                        (d. 1728?)
 2 Feb 1719 -  1 Aug 1719  Francisco Ibáñez Rubalcava y        (d. 1719)
                             Velasco
 1 Aug 1719 -  8 Oct 1730  Alonso de Guevara y Vasconcelos     (b. 1669 - d. 1730)
 8 Oct 1730 - 11 Mar 1732  Juan Andrés del Thoso               (d. 1732)
11 Mar 1732 - 22 Aug 1732  Francisco de Alba Vallejo (1st time)(d. 1758)
                             (interim)
22 Aug 1732 - 22 Apr 1757  Antonio Villalba y Ángulo           (d. 1757)
22 Apr 1757 -  3 Jul 1758  Francisco de Alba Vallejo (2nd time)(s.a.)
 3 Jul 1758 - 19 Sep 1758  Francisco del Thoso (interim)
19 Sep 1758 - 22 May 1767  Narciso Vázquez y Nicuesa
22 May 1767 - 27 Jan 1772  Miguel Fernández de Saavedra        (d. 1772)
15 Apr 1772 - 26 Jan 1777  José Carrión de Andrade             (b. 1725 - d. 1793)
26 Jan 1777 - 11 Apr 1777  Nicolás Quijano (interim)
 6 Nov 1777 - 26 May 1779  Bernardo de Tortosa                 (b. 1722 - d. 1801)
17 Aug 1780 - 24 Sep 1782  Antonio Manso
24 Sep 1782 - 27 Jun 1786  José Granados
28 Oct 1786 - 12 May 1788  José Naranjo
22 Jul 1788 - 27 Jul 1798  José Rivera
27 Jul 1798 - 10 Aug 1800  Fernando Moyano (interim)
10 Aug 1800 - 10 Aug 1814  Ramón Conti                         (b. 1756 - d. 1816)
10 Aug 1814 - 15 Oct 1814  Manuel Ibarra (interim)
15 Oct 1814 - 17 Feb 1821  Jacinto Díaz de Capilla             (d. 1821)
17 Feb 1821 - 16 Jul 1823  Antonio Mateos y Malpartida
                             (interim)
16 Jul 1823 - 26 Mar 1824  Juan José Pérez del Hacho y Oliván
                             (interim)
Sep 1824 - 25 Nov 1826     Luis Cappa y Rioseco (1st time)
25 Nov 1826 -  1 May 1829  Manuel García (interim)
 1 May 1829 - 30 Apr 1830  Juan Serrano y Reina (interim)
 8 Jun 1830 - 12 May 1835  Luis Cappa y Rioseco (2nd time)
12 May 1835 - 26 Jul 1835  Lázaro Garcia del Real (interim)
26 Jul 1835 - 20 Dec 1838  Rafael Delgado y Moreno
21 Dec 1838 - 25 Mar 1839  Gregorio Álvarez y Pérez           (d. 1857)
                            (president of Royal Government Junta,
                             in Carlist rebellion)
28 Mar 1839 - 23 Jun 1839  Ramón Robere (interim)
23 Jun 1839 - 20 Jul 1847  Demetrio María de Benito y 
                             Hernández
20 Jul 1847 -  7 Oct 1847  Justo Martín de Villota (interim)  (b. 1789 - d. 1854)
 7 Oct 1847 - 11 Dec 1847  Antonio López de Mendoza
                             (interim)
11 Dec 1847 -  9 Feb 1848  Manuel Arcaya
 9 Feb 1848 - 17 Sep 1850  Ignacio Chacón del Valle           (b. 1788 - d. 1855)
17 Sep 1850 - 15 Nov 1854  José Eustaquio de Castro y Méndez 
15 Nov 1854 - 12 Nov 1856  Manuel Buceta del Villar           (b. 1808 - d. 1882)
                             (1st time)
12 Nov 1856 -  4 Dec 1856  José Muñoz (interim)
 4 Dec 1856 - 22 Jul 1858  José Morcillo y Ezquerra
22 Jul 1858 - 28 Oct 1858  Francisco Ceballos (interim)
28 Oct 1858 - 19 Feb 1860  Manuel Buceta del Villar           (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
19 Feb 1860 -  9 Nov 1861  Luis Lemni Demandre de la Breche
 9 Nov 1861 -  8 Dec 1862  Felipe Ginovés del Espinar y de    (d. 1872)
                             la Parra
 8 Dec 1862 -  5 Sep 1863  Manuel Álvarez Maldonado
 5 Sep 1863 -  9 May 1864  Thomás O'Ryan y Vázquez            (b. 1821 - d. 1902)
 9 May 1864 - 16 Nov 1866  Bartolomé de Benavides y Campuzano (b. 1813 - d. 1888)
16 Nov 1866 -  8 Dec 1868  José Salcedo y González
 8 Dec 1868 -  6 May 1871  Pedro Beaumont y Peralta
 6 May 1871 - 23 Dec 1873  Bernardo Alemany y Perote          (b. 1815 - d. ....)
23 Dec 1873 - 21 Sep 1879  Andrés Cuadra y Bourman
21 Sep 1879 -  2 Apr 1880  Manuel Macías y Casado (1st time)  (b. 1844 - d. 1937)
 2 Apr 1880 -  2 Oct 1880  Ángel Navascués
 2 Oct 1880 - 21 Apr 1881  Evaristo García y Reina
21 Apr 1881 -  2 Sep 1886  Manuel Macías y Casado (2nd time)  (s.a.)
 2 Sep 1886 - 13 May 1887  Teodoro Camino y Alcobendas        (b. 1822 - d. 1889)
13 May 1887 -  3 Sep 1888  Mariano de la Iglesia y Guillén
 3 Sep 1888 - 29 Sep 1888  Juan Villalonga y Soler            (d. 1888)
 9 Nov 1888 - 16 Dec 1889  Rafael Assin y Bazán               (b. 1825 - d. 1889)
16 Dec 1889 - 23 Sep 1891  José Mirelis y González            (b. 1830 - d. 1892)
23 Sep 1891 - 30 Sep 1891  Santos Asbert Laguna (interim)
30 Sep 1891 - 28 Oct 1893  Juan García y Margallo             (b. 1839 - d. 1893)
29 Oct 1893 - 19 Dec 1893  Manuel Macías y Casado (3rd time)  (s.a.)
19 Dec 1893 - 16 Feb 1894  Juan Arolas y Esplugues            (b. 1840 - d. 1899)
16 Feb 1894 - 23 Mar 1894  Juan Valverde Carrillo (interim)
23 Mar 1894 - Apr 1895     Rafael Cerero y Sáenz (interim)    (b. 1831 - d. 1906)
25 Apr 1895 - 11 Jun 1898  José Alcántara Pérez               (b. 1834 - d. 1898)
11 Jun 1898 - 22 Jul 1898  Francisco Salinero y Bellver       (b. 1834 - d. 1912)
                             (1st time)
22 Jul 1898 -  9 Aug 1899  Fernando Alameda y Liancourt       (b. 1833 - d. 1899)
 9 Aug 1899 - 29 Sep 1899  Francisco Salinero y Bellver       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)(interim) 
29 Sep 1899 -  7 Aug 1904  Venancio Hernández y Fernández     (b. 1839 - d. 1904)
 7 Aug 1904 -  6 Sep 1904  Vicente Muñíz Cuadrado (1st time)
                             (interim)
 6 Sep 1904 - 16 Dec 1904  Manuel Serrano y Ruíz              (b. 18.. - d. 1904)
26 Jan 1905 -  3 Oct 1905  Enrique Segura y Campoy            (b. 1845 - d. 1905)
 3 Oct 1905 - 21 Nov 1905  Vicente Muñíz Cuadrado (2nd time)
                             (interim)
21 Nov 1905 -  3 Sep 1910  José Marina Vega                   (b. 1850 - d. 1926)  Mil
 3 Sep 1910 -  1 Oct 1910  Salvador de Arizón y Sánchez-Fano  (b. 1853 - d. 1921)  Mil
                             (acting)
 1 Oct 1910 - 31 Dec 1912  José García Aldave                 (b. 1845 - d. 1914)  Mil  
Mayors - Presidents of the Arbitration Board (Alcaldes - Presidentes de la Junta de Arbitrios)
20 May 1912 - 31 Dec 1912  Máximo Ramos y Orcajo              (b. 1847 - d. 1921)  Mil
 1 Jan 1913 - 11 Jan 1913  Luis Aizpuru y Mondéjar            (b. 1857 - d. 1939)  Mil
11 Jan 1913 - 28 Sep 1913  José Villalba Riquelme (1st time)  (b. 1856 - d. 1944)  Mil
28 Sep 1913 - 28 Oct 1913  Fernando Moltó y Ocampo            (b. 1856 - d. 1924)  Mil
28 Oct 1913 - 12 Dec 1913  José Villalba Riquelme (2nd time)  (s.a.)               Mil
12 Dec 1913 - 19 Dec 1913  Juan Montero Montero
19 Dec 1913 - 19 Jul 1917  José Villalba Riquelme (3rd time)  (s.a.)               Mil
19 Jul 1917 - 20 May 1916  Domingo Arráiz de la Conderena     (b. 1859 - d. 1927)
20 May 1916 - 29 May 1916  José Sousa del Real
29 May 1916 - 16 Dec 1916  Federico Monteverde y Sedano       (b. 1857 - d. 1947)
                             (1st time)
16 Dec 1916 - 18 Dec 1916  Ramón Franch Tresserra             (b. 1842 - d. 1932)
18 Dec 1916 -  9 Jan 1917  Luis Jiménez Pajarero y Velasco    (b. 1857 - d. 1922)
 9 Jan 1917 - 18 Dec 1920  Federico Monteverde y Sedano       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
28 Dec 1920 -  9 Aug 1921  Felipe Navarro Ceballos-Escalera,  (b. 1862 - d. 1936)  Mil
                             barón de Casa Davalillo
19 Aug 1921 - 12 Jun 1922  Miguel Fresneda Mengíbar           (b. 1858 - d. 1944)  Mil   
12 Jun 1922 - Aug 1922     Julio de Ardanaz y Crespo          (b. 1860 - d. 1939)          
Aug 1922 - 10 Sep 1922     Jerónimo Palou de Comasema y       (b. 18.. - d. 1944)  Mil
                             Moragas                         
10 Sep 1922 - Sep 1925     José García Aldave (1st time)      (s.a.)               Mil         
Sep 1925 - Oct 1925        Soriano (acting)           1899-1935
Oct 1925 - 14 Jan 1927     José García Aldave (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Mil         
14 Jan 1927 - 14 Mar 1927  Manuel González Carrasco           (b. 1877 - d. 1958)  Mil
Presidents of the Municipal Junta (Presidentes de la Junta Municipal)
14 Mar 1927 - 16 Mar 1928  Francisco Calvo Lucía
16 Mar 1928 - 14 Apr 1931  Cándido Lobera Girela              (b. 1871 - d. 1932)
Mayors (Alcaldes)
15 Apr 1931 -  3 Jul 1931  Juan José Mendizábal Echevarría    (b. 1876 - d. 1933)  UR
 3 Jul 1931 - 14 Oct 1931  Antonio Díez Martín (1st time)     (b. 1887 - d. 1936)  PSOE
16 Oct 1931 - 27 Dec 1933  Miguel Bernardi Tevar              (b. 1893 - d. 1938)  UR
27 Dec 1933 - 21 Feb 1936  Antonio García Vallejo
21 Feb 1936 - 17 Jul 1936  Antonio Díez Martín (2nd time)     (s.a.)               PSOE
18 Jul 1936 - 26 Oct 1937  José Marfil García (1st time)
27 Oct 1937 - 16 Dec 1939  Octavio Martínez Cayuela           (d. 1958)
16 Dec 1939 - 27 Apr 1940  José Marfil García (2nd time)
27 Apr 1940 -  1 Oct 1940  José Lamas Calvelo
 1 Oct 1940 - 12 Dec 1950  Rafael Álvarez Claro  
22 Dec 1950 -  8 Jan 1953  Eduardo García Sánchez
23 Mar 1953 - 26 May 1956  Gabriel de Beníto Angulo           (b. 1906 - d. 1971)
 6 Jun 1956 - 18 Nov 1957  Manuel Requena Cañones             (b. 19.. - d. 2002)
18 Nov 1957 - 17 Jan 1958  Miguel Gómez Morales (acting)
17 Jan 1958 -  6 Dec 1959  Juan Villalón Dombriz              (b. 1893 - d. 1983)
 8 Jan 1960 -  7 Dec 1962  Luís Carvajal Arrieta              (b. 1897 - d. 1980)  Mil
17 Feb 1963 - 28 Sep 1963  José Cabanillas Rojas
 2 Oct 1963 - 13 Aug 1964  Antonio Romaguera Barceló (interim)(b. 1889 - d. 19..)
14 Aug 1964 - 29 Nov 1971  Francisco Mir Berlanga             (b. 1913 - d. 2002)
29 Nov 1971 -  3 Mar 1972  Roberto Moreno Valdés (interim)
 3 Mar 1972 - 30 Jul 1975  Eduardo León Solá                  (b. 1923 - d. 2002)
31 Jul 1975 - 18 Apr 1979  Luis Cobreros Acero                (b. 1932 - d. 2004)  AP      
                             (acting to 19 Aug 1975)
19 Apr 1979 - 22 May 1983  Rafael Ginel Cañamaque             (b. 1933 - d. 1998)  UCD
23 May 1981 - 14 Jun 1991  Gonzalo Hernández Martínez         (b. 1947)            PSOE
15 Jun 1991 - 19 Jun 1995  Ignacio Velázquez Rivera           (b. 1953)            PP
Mayor-Presidents
19 Jun 1995 -  3 Mar 1998  Ignacio Velázquez Rivera           (s.a.)               PP
 3 Mar 1998 -  5 Jul 1999  Enrique Palacios Hernández         (b. 1951)            Ind;1999 PIM
 5 Jul 1999 - 19 Jul 2000  Mustafa Hamed Moh-Mohamed Aberchán (b. 1959)            CPM
19 Jul 2000 - 15 Jun 2019  Juan José Imbroda Ortiz (1st time) (b. 1944)            UPM-PP
15 Jun 2019 - 11 Jul 2023  Eduardo de Castro González         (b. 1957)            Cs;2021 Ind
11 Jul 2023 -              Juan José Imbroda Ortiz (2nd time) (s.a.)               PP

Territorial Disputes: Melilla, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, Peñón de Alhucemas, and the Islas Chafarinas are claimed by Morocco. Spain directly administers the plazas de soberanía - Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, Peñón de Alhucemas, and the Islas Chafarinas.

Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera

23 Jul 1508 - 20 Dec 1552   Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera island occupied by Spain.
20 Dec 1522 -  8 Sep 1564   Moroccan rule restored (Badis Island).
Oct 1525                    Failed attempt to retake the island by Luis Hurtado de Mendoza
                              y Pacheco, marqués de Mondéjar, the captain-general of Granada.
 5 Jul 1553 -  8 Sep 1564   Ottoman beylerbey of Algiers, Salah Raïs, occupies Badis Island
                              and uses it as a base for corsairs.
 8 Sep 1564                 Spanish rule restored by García Álvarez de Toledo Osorio,
                              marqués de Villafranca del Bierzo, viceroy of Catalonia (b. 1514
                              - d. 1577).
 9 Aug 1930                 An earthquake joins the island to the Moroccan coast as a 
                              peninsula. 

Alcaídes
23 Jul 1508 - 1508          Pedro Navarro, conde de Oliveto   (b. 1460 - d. 1528)
1508 - 20 Dec 1522          Juan de Villalobos                (d. 1522)
20 Dec 1522 -  8 Sep 1564   Morccan rule 
 8 Sep 1564 - 30 Jun 1565   Diego Pérez de Arnalte
30 Jun 1565 -  6 May 1578   Juan de Molina
 6 May 1578 -  6 Jan 1580   Diego de Vera (1st time)
 6 Jan 1580 -  9 Jan 1584   Juan de Cepeda del Quintanar
                              (1st time)
 9 Jan 1584 - 15 Dec 1586   Diego de Vera (2nd time)
15 Dec 1586 -  5 Oct 1589   Juan de Cepeda del Quintanar
                              (2nd time)
 5 Oct 1589 - 17 Jun 1592   Lázaro Moreno de León
17 Jun 1592 - 30 Sep 1596   Melchor de Robles
 2 Mar 1597 -  9 Nov 1597   Cristobál Vázquez de Avila
20 Feb 1598 - 18 Sep 1605   Gómez de Parada
12 Nov 1600 -  2 Jun 1602   Pedro de Vargas (acting)
27 Nov 1605 -  8 May 1606   Pedro Rodríguez de Santisteban
 1 Dec 1602 - 21 Apr 1613   Diego de Nodera
 6 Oct 1608 - 27 Apr 1609   Sebastián Granero (acting)
27 Apr 1609 - 22 Sep 1613   ....
22 Sep 1613 - 26 Nov 1614   Martín de la Cerda
 8 Feb 1615 - 30 Jul 1617   Alonso de la Mesa Ludeña (acting)
 1 Oct 1617 - 18 May 1618   Miguel García
30 Jun 1619 -  6 Mar 1622   Diego de Escobedo
17 Sep 1622 - 18 Mar 1630   Juan de Herrera Tordesillas
May 1630 - 25 Jul 1634      Luis Sánchez de Avila
20 May 1635 -  9 Nov 1636   Luis de Sotomayor
18 Oct 1637 - 28 Oct 1640   Cristobál de Unzueta y Labrit
 9 May 1641 -  2 Jan 1643   Juan Pérez Vidaur
13 Dec 1643 - 10 Jul 1646   Gil Fernández de Navarrete y
                              Sotomayor
30 Jul 1646 -  6 Mar 1651   Pedro Palacio Guevara
 4 Jun 1651 - 25 Jan 1653   Diego Fernández de Córdoba
25 Jan 1653 -  8 Oct 1656   Luis Velázquez y Angulo
25 Jan 1653 - 26 Apr 1656   Juan Negrete Sarmiento (acting)
 1 Dec 1656 -  7 May 1662   Francisco Solís
 7 May 1662 -  2 Nov 1662   Jerónimo de Casares
                            + Jerónimo Guajardo de Ceballos
                            (acting)
 2 Nov 1662 - 20 Jul 1672   Diego de Arce
20 Nov 1669 - 20 Apr 1671   Pedro Moreno (acting)
26 Sep 1672 - 14 Feb 1680   Juan de Peñalosa y Estrada
14 Feb 1680 - 26 May 1685   Rodrigo Correa Castelblanco
29 Aug 1685 -  2 Apr 1687   Francisco López Moreno
29 Aug 1685 -  2 Apr 1687   Juan de Alarcón (acting)
29 Dec 1688 -  9 Jan 1691   Onofre Antonio de Salas
 9 Jan 1691 - 19 May 1696   Jerónimo Torrijos Zapata
10 Feb 1693 - 22 Jul 1694   Alonso de Lara (acting)
19 May 1696 - 11 Aug 1700   Francisco González del Cueto
24 Aug 1700 - 11 Aug 1703   Antonio López Gallardo
 1 Dec 1703 - 22 Mar 1707   Pedro de Azcuitia
26 Jan 1708 - 10 Aug 1709   Antonio Félix de Tapia
31 Jan 1710 - 25 Sep 1715   Francisco Félix Moreno
10 Nov 1712 - 20 Sep 1719   Francisco Antonio Negrete
                              (acting)
 1 Feb 1720 -  5 Aug 1729   Tomás del Castillo-Viñas
                              y Sagredo
22 Jun 1724 - 31 Jan 1728   Gonzálo López Páez (acting)
 5 Aug 1729 - 19 Jul 1730   Baltasar González (acting)
20 Jul 1730 -  4 Feb 1755   Julián Fernández Bayña y Cortés
 4 Feb 1755 - 18 Jul 1757   Simón Gaspar Guerra (acting)
18 Jul 1757 - 26 Jul 1766   Francisco Herrera y Aramburu
 1 Aug 1766 -  9 Jan 1776   Florencio Moreno Sabala
 9 Jan 1776 -  1 Feb 1776   Miguel Moreno (acting)
 1 Feb 1776 - 16 Mar 1778   Claudio Laville
19 Dec 1778 - 29 Feb 1788   Domingo Martínez de Molina
21 Apr 1784 - 18 Feb 1785   Miguel Miranda (acting)
21 Jan 1787 - 10 Apr 1788   Gabriel Pérez Britos (acting)  
10 Apr 1788 - 21 Dec 1799   Diego Fernández Laguna
 8 Jun 1795 - 30 May 1796   Miguel de Lara (acting)
 8 Apr 1800 - 27 Apr 1806   Antonio Lara
27 Apr 1806 -  8 Aug 1806   José Cuellar (acting)
 8 Aug 1806 - 25 Jan 1813   Gregorio Donaire Hurtado de
                              Mendoza
13 Jul 1813 - 24 Mar 1821   Angel Cebollino
26 Jul 1821 -  5 Jun 1830   José O'Mahony
 5 Jun 1830 -  7 Jul 1830   Juan de Orús (acting)
 7 Jul 1830 -  3 Mar 1832   Bruno Portillo Velasco (acting)
 3 Mar 1832 - 14 Jul 1833   Mariano Medrano
14 Jul 1833 - 25 Jul 1833   Pedro de Rodas (acting)
25 Jul 1833 - 26 Jul 1839   Ramón Lladó
30 Jul 1839 - 10 Aug 1844   Andrés Sánchez Madrid
10 Aug 1844 - Nov 1844      Onofre García (acting)
Nov 1844 - 24 Nov 1844      Francisco Calbo (acting)
24 Nov 1844 - 29 Nov 1853   Manuel Longuet Girona
29 Nov 1853 - 14 Nov 1854   Luis Cappa Béjar
14 Nov 1854 - 12 Feb 1855   Nicolás Montillo Herrero 
                              (acting)
12 Feb 1855 - 15 Apr 1856   José Anguita Calbo
15 Apr 1856 - 10 Jun 1859   Luis Cappa Béjar (2nd time)
28 Jun 1859 -  2 Sep 1865   Rafael Añino Bonilla
14 Nov 1865 - 16 Feb 1867   Severo Pérez Cardicid
16 Feb 1867 - 11 Nov 1867   Juan León Minaya
11 Nov 1867 - 18 Jan 1868   José Ansaldo Cedrón
17 Feb 1868 -  6 Oct 1870   Luis Molina Terán
 5 Dec 1870 - 26 Aug 1872   Ecequiel Jiménez San Juan 
21 Sep 1872 - 20 Apr 1875   Blas Urra Domeco
14 May 1875 - 23 Sep 1875   Francisco Galán Vergara
23 Sep 1875 - 26 Apr 1876   Enrique Castro Ledesma (acting)
26 Apr 1876 -  7 Jan 1879   José Sarro Hurtado
27 Jan 1879 - 30 Nov 1879   Marcos Galán Velasco
30 Nov 1879 - 30 Jan 1880   Antonio Jaime Ramírez (acting)
30 Jan 1880 - 11 Apr 1882   Antonio Rodríguez Linares
11 Jul 1882 - 25 Sep 1885   José Sarro Hurtado (2nd time)
25 Sep 1885 -  2 Nov 1885   Gregorio Solana Velasco
                              (acting)
 2 Nov 1885 - 22 Nov 1886   Sixto Soler Romero
22 Nov 1886 - 12 Dec 1886   Antonio González Torres (acting)
12 Dec 1886 -  2 Feb 1889   José Ruiz Cebollino
 4 Feb 1889 - 11 Nov 1889   Gabriel Carrero Gago
25 Nov 1889 - 30 Jan 1891   Manuel Martínez Pérez
 3 Feb 1891 - 12 Jul 1892   José Belda Martínez
13 Jul 1892 - 31 Oct 1895   Juan Villalón Felipe
 1 Nov 1895 -  4 Nov 1895   Gregorio Infantes Luis (acting)
 5 Nov 1895 - 10 Apr 1896   José Segovia Fuentes
10 Apr 1896 - 27 Jan 1899   José Anglada González
27 Jan 1899 - 31 Mar 1899   Pascual Piqueras Simó (acting)
31 Mar 1899 - 11 Aug 1905   Mariano Saldaña Bravo
11 Aug 1905 - 10 Sep 1905   Emilio Hernández Pérez (1st time)
                              (acting)
10 Sep 1905 - 31 Mar 1906   Tomás Merino Pereda
31 Mar 1906 - 12 Apr 1906   Emilio Miró Requena (acting)
12 Apr 1906 - 20 Apr 1906   Emilio Hernández Pérez (2nd time)
                              (acting)
20 Apr 1906 - 1913          Alfonso Alcayna Rodríguez

Chafarinas

20 Jul 1847                Islas Chafarinas a Spanish possession (taking possession 6 Jan 1848)
                             (the three islands named Congreso, Isabel II, and Rey Francisco).
18 Dec 1847 - 27 Nov 1912  Part of Spanish Captaincy-general of North Africa (see Ceuta).
26 Apr 1860                Spanish possession recognized by Morocco in Treaty of Wad-Ras
                             (Tétouan).

Governors (or Commandants)
14 Jan 1848 - 14 Mar 1848  Vicente Ilarduya
19 Mar 1848 - 30 Jun 1848  Juan Irigoyen
30 Jun 1848 - 10 Oct 1849  Javier de la Vega
10 Jan 1849 - 24 Apr 1849  Miguel White
21 Apr 1849 -  1 Jul 1849  Francisco Alemany
 1 Jul 1849 - 10 May 1850  Joaquín Macías
10 May 1850 - 30 Nov 1850  Juan de la Lastra
30 Nov 1850 - 21 Sep 1851  Cruz Alburquerque
21 Sep 1851 - 24 Mar 1853  Luis Cappa Béjar (1st time)
24 Mar 1853 - 26 Aug 1853  Carlos Calorage Dominguez
26 Aug 1853 - 24 Feb 1854  Luis Cappa Béjar (2nd time)
24 Feb 1854 -  6 Oct 1854  Manuel Longuet Girona
 6 Oct 1854 - 10 Jul 1855  Juan Rodríguez Soto
10 Jul 1855 - 23 Oct 1855  Manuel Galán
23 Oct 1855 - Dec 1855     Diego Luis Pintos (1st time)
Dec 1855 - 21 Jan 1856     Joaquín Cazorla Marzoni (1st time)
21 Jan 1856 - 24 Apr 1856  Luis Cappa Béjar (3rd time)
24 Apr 1856 -  2 May 1856  Diego Luis Pintos (2nd time)
 2 May 1856 - 13 Apr 1858  Jose Anguita Calbo
13 Apr 1858 - 16 Apr 1859  Gabriel Pérez Ruiz
16 Apr 1859 -  4 Jun 1859  Joaquín Cazorla Marzoni (2nd time)
 4 Jun 1859 - 23 Jul 1859  Autonio Feliu de la Peña
23 Jul 1859 - 10 Sep 1859  Joaquin Vara de Rey
10 Sep 1859 -  4 Sep 1860  Joaquín Cazorla Marzoni (3rd time)
 4 Sep 1860 -  5 Oct 1860  José Espinosa Huertas
 5 Oct 1860 - 13 Dec 1862  Luis Cappa Béjar (4th time)
13 Dec 1862 -  9 Feb 1863  Vicente Beleña
 9 Feb 1863 - 29 Apr 1863  Carmelo Borja
29 Apr 1863 -  7 Oct 1863  Francisco Saenz Payba
 7 Oct 1863 -  7 Nov 1865  Juan Berenguer Ronda
 7 Nov 1865 - 26 Jan 1866  Juan Aparicio Pardo
26 Jan 1866 -  8 Sep 1866  Juan Mezcua Jiménez
 8 Sep 1866 - 15 Oct 1866  Franco Arajol
15 Oct 1866 - 15 Mar 1867  Bruno Echevarría
15 Mar 1867 - 13 Apr 1867  Félix Pérez Orozco (1st time)
13 Apr 1867 - 16 Jun 1867  Rafael del Campo Tamayo
16 Jun 1867 - 24 Jul 1867  Félix Pérez Orozco (2nd time)
24 Jul 1867 -  7 Dec 1867  José Alzuro Mateo
 7 Dec 1867 -  2 Feb 1868  José Morcillo
 2 Feb 1868 - 24 Feb 1868  Pedro Arias
24 Feb 1868 - 21 May 1868  Ramón Ortega Albolate
21 May 1868 -  7 Jun 1868  Manuel Aguirre
 7 Jul 1868 - 31 Dec 1869  Tomás Muñiz Montes
31 Dec 1868 - 15 Jan 1870  Diego Morgado
15 Jan 1870 -  1 May 1871  Ignacio Ruiz de Luzuriaga
 1 May 1871 - 24 May 1871  Leopoldo Martinez
24 May 1871 - 24 May 1872  José Urbano Barroco
24 May 1872 - 24 Dec 1873  Pedro Fuentes Morcaut
24 Dec 1873 - 12 Feb 1874  Juan Rodríguez
12 Feb 1874 -  3 Apr 1874  José Lozano Franc
 3 Apr 1874 - 23 Apr 1874  Pedro Alfaro Cantalabran
23 Apr 1874 - 21 Jun 1874  Manuel Poblador Guiu
21 Jun 1874 - 22 Jul 1874  José Silva
22 Jul 1874 - 11 Dec 1878  Saturnino Soler y Pinilla
11 Dec 1878 -  4 Feb 1879  Marcos Palan Velasco
 4 Feb 1879 - 21 Jul 1880  José Sarro Hurtado
21 Jul 1880 - 21 Dec 1880  Fabriciano Nájera
21 Dec 1880 - 21 Jan 1881  Andrés Aranda Raya
21 Jan 1881 - 21 Apr 1885  Francisco Gallecio González
21 Apr 1885 - 22 Jun 1885  Pedro Casaus Lopera (1st time)
22 Jun 1885 - 11 Dec 1885  Luis Misis Miralles
17 Dec 1885 - 14 Oct 1888  Pedro Casaus Lopera (2nd time)
14 Oct 1888 -  2 Feb 1890  Gabriel Silven Fernández
 2 Feb 1890 -  4 Oct 1893  Telesforo Maroto
 4 Oct 1893 - 13 Dec 1897  Enrique Barraca Castro
13 Dec 1897 - 16 Dec 1897  Miguel Alvarez Pérez
16 Dec 1897 - 25 May 1898  Juan Contreras
25 May 1898 - 12 Jan 1899  Ramiro García de Guadiana
12 Jan 1899 - 20 Jan 1899  León Atienza Castillejos
20 Jan 1899 -  9 Mar 1899  Manuel Jiménez Baena
 9 Mar 1899 - 12 Sep 1900  Agapito Picazo Subiza
12 Sep 1900 -  2 Oct 1902  Pablo Artal Abad
 2 Oct 1902 - 15 Oct 1902  Marco Rueda Elías
15 Oct 1902 - 31 Aug 1903  Eduardo Meseguer Díaz
31 Aug 1903 - 11 Sep 1903  Manuel Lorduy Dini
11 Sep 1903 -  4 May 1906  Andrés Alcañiz Arias
 4 May 1906 - 11 May 1906  Tomás Francés Caro
11 May 1906 - 12 Sep 1906  Juan Suárez Madariaga
12 Sep 1906 - 1906         Eugenio de Anca Merlo

24 Nov 1978                Regional Council of Murcia (Consejo Regional de Murcia) created
                             to administer Murcia province (by royal decree law of 29 Sep 1978,
                             effective 10 Nov 1978).
 9 Jul 1982                Region of Murcia (Región de Murcia)(composed of the province of
                             Murcia), established as an autonomous community (by
                             organic law of 9 Jun 1982).

Presidents of the Regional Council of Murcia
24 Nov 1978 -  5 May 1979  Antonio Pérez Crespo               (b. 1929 - d. 2012)  UCD
 5 May 1979 -  9 Jul 1982  Andrés Hernández Ros               (b. 1948 - d. 2016)  PSRM-PSOE
Presidents of the Region of Murcia
 9 Jul 1982 - 29 Mar 1984  Andrés Hernández Ros               (s.a.)               PSRM-PSOE
29 Mar 1984 -  2 May 1993  Carlos Collado Mena                (b. 1938)            PSRM-PSOE
 2 May 1993 -  3 Jul 1995  María Antonia Martínez García (f)  (b. 1953)            PSRM-PSOE
 3 Jul 1995 - 10 Apr 2014  Ramón Luis Valcárcel Siso          (b. 1954)            PP
10 Apr 2014 -  3 Jul 2015  Alberto Garre López                (b. 1952)            PP
 3 Jul 2015 -  4 Apr 2017  Pedro Antonio Sánchez López        (b. 1976)            PP
 4 Apr 2017 -  3 May 2017  María Dolores Pagán Arce (f)       (b. 1967)            PP
                             (acting)
 3 May 2017 -              Fernando López Miras               (b. 1983)            PP

23 Apr 1979                Foral Deputation of Navarre (Diputación Foral de Navarra =
                             Nafarroako Foru Diputazioa) created to administer the province of
                             Navarre (by royal decree of 26 Jan 1979, effective 19 Apr 1979).
16 Aug 1982                Foral Community of Navarre (Comunidad Foral de Navarra = Nafarroako
                             Foru Komunitatea)(composed of the province of Navarra), an
                             autonomous community (by organic law of 10 Aug 1982). Spanish is
                             the official language of Navarre, while the Basque language is also
                             the official language in Basque-Speaking areas.
15 Dec 1986                Foral Law 18/1986 of Basque (Ley Foral 18/1986, de 15 de diciembre,
                             del Euskera) defined the Basque speaking areas, creating the Basque-
                             speaking zone, an area north-east of Navarre in which Basque is the
                             co-official language along with Spanish. This law recognizes
                             Spanish and Basque as Navarre's lenguas propias (official languages).

Presidents of the Foral Deputation of Navarra
23 Apr 1979 - 28 Sep 1980  Jaime Ignacio del Burgo Tajadura  (b. 1942)            UCD
29 Sep 1980 - 16 Aug 1982  Juan Manuel Arza Muñuzuri         (b. 1932 - d. 2019)  UCD
Presidents of the Government of Navarre
16 Aug 1982 - 14 Jan 1984  Juan Manuel Arza Muñuzuri         (s.a.)               UCD
14 Jan 1984 - 18 Apr 1984  Jaime Ignacio del Burgo Tajadura  (s.a.)               UPN-PP
18 Apr 1984 - 20 Sep 1991  Gabriel Urralburu Tainta          (b. 1950)            PSN-PSOE
20 Sep 1991 - 24 Jul 1995  Juan Cruz Alli Aranguren          (b. 1942)            UPN
                             (1st time) 
24 Jul 1995 - 19 Jun 1996  Javier Otano Cid                  (b. 1946)            PSN-PSOE
19 Jun 1996 - 17 Sep 1996  Juan Cruz Alli Aranguren          (s.a.)               CDN
                             (2nd time) 
17 Sep 1996 - 27 Jun 2011  Miguel Sanz Sesma                 (b. 1952)            UPN-PP
27 Jun 2011 - 22 Jul 2015  Yolanda Barcina Angulo (f)        (b. 1960)            UPN
22 Jul 2015 -  6 Aug 2019  Miren Uxue Barkos Berruezo (f)    (b. 1964)            GB
 6 Aug 2019 -              María Victoria Chivite            (b. 1978)            PSN-PSOE
                             Navascués (f)

1878 - 1936                Political Conferences of the Basque Provinces, consisting of
                             representatives of the three Basque provinces and chaired by
                             the President of Diputación Provincial of the province hosting
                             the conference, with largely advisory powers deal with general
                             Basque matters, are held.
19 Jul 1936                Vitoria, capital of Álava province, occupied by Nationalist forces
                             (and on 13 Sep 1936 San Sebastián capital of Guipúzcoa province).
 7 Oct 1936                Basque Country (País Vasco = Euskadi) organized as an autonomous
                             region (composed of the provinces of Álava, Guipúzcoa, and Vizcaya
                             [Biscay]) organized (by law signed 6 Oct 1936).
19 Jun 1937                Bilbao occupied by Nationalist forces, the Basque government flees.
23 Jun 1937                Nationalists occupy Balmaseda, gaining control of the entire
                             Basque Country.
17 Feb 1978                General Council of the Basque Country (Consejo General del País
                             Vasco/Eusko Kontseilu Nagusia) formed to administer the provinces
                             or territories of Álava (Araba), Guipúzcoa (Gipuzkoa), Navarre and
                             Vizcaya (Bizkaia)(by law of 4 Jan 1978, effective 6 Jan 1978)
                             (approval of incorporation: Guipúzcoa [Gipuzkoa] by resolution of
                             Diputación Foral of 22 Apr 1979; Álava [Araba] by resolution of
                             the Juntas Generales of 22 May 1979; Vizcaya [Bizkaia] by
                             resolution of the Juntas Generales of 22 May 1979; The Parlamento
                             of Navarre declined the incorporation).
11 Jan 1980                Basque Country (Euskadi/País Vasco = Euskadi/Euskal Herria) an
                             autonomous community (composed of the provinces of Álava, Gipuzkoa,
                             and Biscay)(by law of 18 Dec 1979). The Statute provided for
                             accession of Navarre, if accepted (not implemented).
25 Oct 2008                Self-determination referendum scheduled, however on 11 Sep 2008,
                             it is canceled by the Constitutional Court of Spain.
29 May 2014                Basque Parliament adopts a declaration of sovereignty (this is later
                             suspended by the Constitutional Court of Spain).

President of the Provisional Government of Basque Country
(Presidente del Gobierno Provisional de Euskadi = Euskadiko Bitarteko Jaurlaritzaren Lehendakari)
 7 Oct 1936 - 19 Jun 1937  José Antonio Aguirre y Lecube     (b. 1904 - d. 1960)  EAJ-PNV
                             (= Agirre ta Lekube'tar Joseba Andoni)
19 Jun 1937 - 17 Feb 1978  Post abolished
Presidents of the General Council of the Basque Country
(Presidente del Consejo General del País Vasco = Eusko Kontseilu Nagusiko Presidentea; from
9 Jun 1979, Presidente del Consejo General del País Vasco = Eusko Kontseilu Nagusiko Lehendakari)
17 Feb 1978 -  9 Jun 1979  Ramón Rubial Cavia                (b. 1906 - d. 1999)  PSE-EE
 9 Jun 1979 -  9 Apr 1980  Carlos Garaikoetxea Urriza        (b. 1938)            EAJ-PNV
Presidents of the Basque Government
(Presidente del Gobierno Vasco = Eusko Jaurlaritzako Lehendakari; from 27 Jul 1980, Lehendakari)
 9 Apr 1980 - 26 Jan 1985  Carlos Garaikoetxea Urriza        (s.a.)               EAJ-PNV
                             (appointed by royal decree 13 Apr 1980)
26 Jan 1985 -  2 Jan 1999  José Antonio Ardanza Garro        (b. 1941 - d. 2024)  EAJ-PNV
 2 Jan 1999 -  7 May 2009  Juan José Ibarretxe Markuartu     (b. 1957)            EAJ-PNV
 7 May 2009 - 15 Dec 2012  Francisco Javier "Patxi" López    (b. 1959)            PSE-EE
                             Álvarez
15 Dec 2012 - 22 Jun 2024  Iñigo Urkullu Rentería            (b. 1961)            EAJ-PNV
22 Jun 2024 -              Imanol Pradales Gil               (b. 1975)            EAJ-PNV

Basque Government in Exile (1937-1979)

 9 Oct 1238                Entry into the city of Valencia by the King of Aragón Jaume I "the
                             Conqueror" (b. 1208 - d. 1276).  
22 Jul 1936                Popular Executive Committee of Valencia formed by trade unions
                             and parties. On 5 Aug 1936, it is recognized by the Republican
                             government as an autonomous regional body.
 6 Nov 1936                Republican government moves from Madrid to Valencia, the authority
                             of the Committee is limited.
23 Dec 1936                Draft Statute of Autonomy of Valencian Country is presented.
 8 Jan 1937                The Committee dissolves itself.
30 Mar 1939                Nationalist forces occupy Valencia.
10 Apr 1978                Council of the Valencian Country (Consejo del País Valenciano =
                             Consell del País Valencià) formed to administer the municipalities
                             within the administrative limits of the provinces of Alicante,
                             Castellón, and Valencia (by royal decree of 17 Mar 1978, effective
                             18 Mar 1978).
10 Jul 1982                Valencian Community (Comunidad Valenciana = Comunitat Valenciana)
                             (composed of the provinces of Alicante, Castellón, and Valencia),
                             organized as an autonomous community)(by organic law of 1 Jul
                             1982).

Presidents of the Popular Executive Committee of Valencia
(from 8 Aug 1936, also Civil governors of the Valencia province)
22 Jul 1936 - 28 Sep 1936  Ernesto Arín Prado                 (b. 1875 - d. 1937)  Non-party
28 Sep 1936 -  8 Jan 1937  Ricardo Zabalza Elorga             (b. 1898 - d. 1940)  PSOE
Presidents of the Council of the Valencian Country
(Presidente del Consell del País Valenciano = President del Consell del País Valencià)
10 Apr 1978 - 22? Dec 1979 José Luis Albiñana Olmos           (b. 1943)            PSPV-PSOE
                             (= Josep Lluís Albiñana Olmos)
                             (formal inauguration 16 Apr 1978)
29? Dec 1979 - 26 Nov 1982 Enrique Monsonís Domingo           (b. 1931 - d. 2011)  UCD
                             (= Enric Monsonís Domingo)
                             (acting to 14 Sep 1981; formally discharged 29 Nov 1982)
Presidents of the Valencian Generalitat
(Presidente de la Generalidad Valenciana = President de la Generalitat Valenciana)
26 Nov 1982 -  4 Jul 1995  Joan Lerma i Blasco                (b. 1951)            PSPV-PSOE
                             (appointed by royal decree 23 Sep 1982,
                             formally installed 13 Dec 1982)
 4 Jul 1995 - 24 Jul 2002  Eduardo Andrés Julio Zaplana       (b. 1956)            PPCV-PP
                             Hernández-Soro 
24 Jul 2002 - 20 Jun 2003  José Luis Olivas Martínez          (b. 1952)            PPCV-PP
20 Jun 2003 - 21 Jul 2011  Francisco Enrique Camps Ortiz      (b. 1962)            PPCV-PP
21 Jul 2011 - 28 Jul 2011  Paula Sánchez de León (f) (acting) (b. 1965)            PPCV-PP
28 Jul 2011 - 28 Jun 2015  Alberto Fabra Part                 (b. 1964)            PPCV-PP
28 Jun 2015 - 17 Jul 2023  Joaquín Francisco "Ximo" Puig i    (b. 1959)            PSPV-PSOE
                             Ferrer
                            (= Joaquim Francesc Puig i Ferrer)
17 Jul 2023 -              Carlos Mazón Guixot                (b. 1974)            PPCV-PP