Provinces of British India

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Provinces of British India

Provinces: Ajmer-Merwara - Andaman and Nicobar Islands - Assam - British Baluchistan - Bengal - Bihar - Bombay - Central Provinces and Berar - Coorg - Delhi - Madras - North-West Frontier Province - Orissa - Panth-Piploda - Punjab - Sind - United Provinces - Former Provinces: Aden - Bencoolen - Berar - Bihar and Orissa - British Burma - Oudh - Prince of Wales Island - Straits Settlements - Surat -

Note:British colonial authorities ruled India with two administrative systems:About 60% of territory of the Indian sub-continent were provinces and territories directlyunder British colonial administration (British India),40% of thesub-continent were native Indian ("princely") States under direct treaty relations with British India (A-J and K-Z). The number of provinces increased starting from 1834 from then existing 3 provinces (presidencies), the new provinces were headed by governors or lieutenant-governors in case of "major" provinces, or chief commissioners in case of "minor" provinces. At the end of the British rule in 1947 there were 11 provinces under governors and chief ministers (responsible governments were granted in 1937), and 6 provinces under chief commissioners.

Party abbreviations: AIC = All India Congress; BPML = Bengal Provincial Muslim League (center-right, Muslim Bengali regionalist, 1912-1947);BUMP = Bengal United Muslim Party; DP = Democratic Party (193.-19..); ICP = Independent Congress Party (1926-193.);IIL = Indian Independence League (nationalist, pro-Japanese, 1937-1945); INC = Indian National Congress (nationalist, pro-India independence, mainly Hindu, est.1885); IP = Ittihad Party (Union Party); JP = Swaraj Party (Justice Party); KPP = Krishak Praja Party (Farmer People's Party, East Bengal peasant party, 1936-1947); LP = Liberal Party (1910-19..); MIP = Muslim Independent Party (Bihar regionalist, est.1936);ML = Muslim League, All India (Muslim party, 1906-1947); MLA = Muslim Legislative Association; MPP = Muslim Political Party;NAP = National Agriculturist Parties (united province landowners and pro-government loyalists); NBP = Non-Brahmin Party; NLFI = National Liberal Federation of India (moderate, split from INC, 1918-Dec 1918 named All India Moderate Conference, Dec 1919 – 19..); UMNP = United Muslim Nationalist Party (pro-independence and opposition to the All India Muslim League and the partition of India);UP = Unionist Party (former name Unionist Muslim League, 1921-1947, merged into ML); Mil = Military

Aden (1932-1937): see under Yemen

Ajmer-Merwara

25 Jun 1818 Ajmer district ceded to the U.K. by Gwalior; part of Bengal.May 1823 Merwara ceded to U.K. by Udaipur; part of Bengal. 1832 Part (division) of North-Western Provinces. 1 Apr 1871 Ajmer-Merwara a separate province (also known as Ajmir province, and Ajmer-Merwara-Kekri).15 Aug 1947 Part of independent India (as Ajmer-Merwara province).

Superintendentsfor Ajmer 9 Jul 1818 - 17 Jul 1818 Nixon (acting) 18 Jul 1818 - 15 Dec 1824 Francis Boyle Shannon Wilder (b. 1785 - d. 1849) 16 Dec 1824 - 21 Apr 1825 Richard Francis Moore (1st time) (b. 1802 - d. 1873) (acting) 22 Apr 1825 - 23 Oct 1827 Henry Johnson Middleton (b. 1793? - d. 1866) 24 Oct 1827 - 28 Nov 1831 Richard Cavendish (b. 1794 - d. 1876) 29 Nov 1831 - 1 Jul 1832 Richard Francis Moore (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 2 Jul 1832 - 16 Apr 1834 Alexander Spiers (b. 1785 - d. 1847) 17 Apr 1834 - 30 Jun 1836 George Frederick Edmonstone (b. 1813 – d. 1864) 1 Jul 1836 - 25 Jul 1837 Charles Edward Trevelyan (b. 1807 - d. 1886) 26 Jul 1837 - Feb 1842 John Dunkin Macnaghten (b. 1810 - d. 1861)Superintendentsfor Merwara (from Feb 1842, Ajmer-Merwara)1823 - 1836 Henry Hall (b. 1789 - d. 1875) 1836 - 1857 Charles George Dixon (b. 1795 - d. 1857)Commissioners for Ajmer-Merwara (also Agents to the Governors-general for the Rajputana Agency)1832 - 29 Nov 1833 Abraham Lockett (b. 1781 - d. 1834) 29 Nov 1833 - Jun 1834 Alexander Spiers (acting) (s.a.)
Jun 1834 - 1 Feb 1839 Nathaniel Alves (b. 1788 - d. 1875) 1 Feb 1839 - 1839 John Ludlow (acting) (b. 1788 - d. 1880) Apr 1839 - Dec 1847 John Sutherland (b. 1790 - d. 1848) Jan 1844 - Oct 1846 Charles Thoresby (b. 1793 - d. 1862) (acting for Sutherland) Dec 1847 - Jan 1853 John Low (b. 1788 - d. 1880) 25 Jun 1848 - 19 Nov 1848 Charles Lionel Showers (b. 1816 - d. 1895) (acting for Low) 8 Sep 1851 - 1 Dec 1851 Duncan Archibald Malcolm (b. 1809 - d. 1855) (acting for Low)1852 - 1853 George St. Patrick Lawrence (b. 1804 - d. 1884) (1st time) 5 Mar 1853 - Feb 1857 Henry Montgomery Lawrence (b. 1806 - d. 1857)15 Mar 1857 - Apr 1864 George St. Patrick Lawrence (s.a.) (2nd time)10 Apr 1859 - 24 Nov 1860 William Frederick Eden (b. 1814 - d. 1867) (acting for Lawrence) Apr 1864 - 1867 William Frederick Eden (s.a.) 1867 - 1870 Richard Harte Keatinge (b. 1825 - d. 1904)15 Jun 1870 - 1 Apr 1871 John Cheap Brooke (b. 1818 - d. 1899) (acting for Keatinge) Chief commissioners (to 1944, also Agents to the Governors-general [from 1937, Residents] in Rajputana states) 1 Apr 1871 - 21 Jun 1873 Richard Harte Keatinge (s.a.) 1 Apr 1871 - 21 Jun 1873 John Cheape Brooke (s.a.) (acting for Keatinge) 21 Jun 1873 - 6 Apr 1874 Lewis Pelly (1st time) (b. 1825 - d. 1892) (from 30 May 1874, Sir Lewis Pelly) (acting to 6 Feb 1874) 6 Apr 1874 - 6 Jul 1874 William Henry Howell Beynon (b. 1826 - d. 1903) (acting) 6 Jul 1874 – 12 Nov 1874 Sir Lewis Pelly (2nd time) (s.a.) 12 Nov 1874 – 18 Aug 1876 Alfred Comyns Lyall (acting) (b. 1835 - d. 1911) 18 Aug 1876 - 5 Mar 1877 Charles Kenneth Mackenzie Walter (b. 1833 - d. 1892) (1st time)(acting) 5 Mar 1877 – 12 Dec 1878 Sir Lewis Pelly (3rd time) (s.a.) 12 Dec 1878 - 27 Mar 1887 Edward Ridley Colborne Bradford (b. 1836 - d. 1911) (from 6 Jun 1885, Sir Edward Ridley Colborne Bradford) (1st time) 17 Mar 1881 – 28 Nov 1882 Charles Kenneth Mackenzie Walter (s.a.) (2nd time) (acting) 28 Nov 1882 – 27 Mar 1887 Sir Edward Ridley Colborne Bradford(s.a.) (2nd time) 27 Mar 1887 - 20 Mar 1890 Charles Kenneth Mackenzie Walter (b. 1833 - d. 1892) (3rd time)(acting to 1 Apr 1887) 20 Mar 1890 – 27 Aug 1891 George Herbert Trevor (1st time) (b. 1840 - d. 1927) 27 Aug 1891 – 2 Dec 1891 Percy William Powlett (acting) (b. 1837 - d. 1910) 2 Dec 1891 – 22 Nov 1893 George Herbert Trevor (2nd time) (s.a.) 5 Nov 1893 - 22 Nov 1893 William Hutt Curzon Wyllie (b. 1848 - d. 1909) (acting forTrevor) 22 Nov 1893 – 11 Jan 1894 William Francis Prideaux (acting) (b. 1840 - d. 1914) 11 Jan 1894 - 20 Mar 1895 George Herbert Trevor (3rd time) (s.a.) 20 Mar 1895 - 10 Mar 1898 Robert Joseph Crosthwaite (b. 1841 - d. 1917) (from 22 Jun 1897, Sir Robert Joseph Crosthwaite) 10 Mar 1898 - 1 May 1900 Arthur Henry Temple Martindale (b. 1854 - d. 1942) (1st time) 1 May 1900 – 1 Apr 1901 William Hutt Curzon Wyllie (acting)(b. 1848 – d. 1909) 1 Apr 1901 - 3 Feb 1902 Arthur Parry Thornton (acting) (b. 1848 - d. 1909) 3 Feb 1902 - 1 Apr 1905 Arthur Henry Temple Martindale (s.a.) (from 24 Jun 1904, Sir Arthur Henry Temple Martindale) (2nd time) 1 Apr 1905 - 4 Jan 1918 Elliot Graham Colvin (b. 1861 - d. 1940) (from 12 Dec 1911, Sir Elliot Graham Colvin) (acting to 1 Oct 1905) 10 Jul 1906 – 8 Jan 1907 Charles Hamerton Pritchard (b. 1863 - d. 1916) (acting for Colvin) 6 Nov 1908 – 17 Oct 1909 Alexander Fleetwood Pinhey (b. 1861 - d. 1916) (acting for Colvin) Apr 1909 - 1909 Wallace Christopher Ramsay Stratton(b. 1862 - d. 1942) (acting for Colvin) Oct 1909 – bf.May 1910 Philip Trevor Augustine Spence (b. 1865 - d. 19..) (acting for Colvin) 4 May 1912 – 4 Nov 1912 Wallace Christopher Ramsay Stratton(s.a.) (acting for Colvin) 4 Jan 1918 - 22 Dec 1919 John Manners Smith (b. 1864 - d. 1920) 21 Apr 1919 – 21 Dec 1919 Alan Thomas Holme (b. 1872 - d. 1931) (acting for Smith) 22 Dec 1919 - 7 Aug 1925 Robert Erskine Holland (b. 1873 - d. 1965) 7 Aug 1925 - 18 Mar 1927 Stewart Blakeley Agnew Patterson (b. 1872 - d. 1942) 18 Mar 1927 - 14 Oct 1932 Leonard William Reynolds (b. 1874 - d. 1946) (from 3 Jun 1931, Sir Leonard William Reynolds) 14 Oct 1932 - Apr 1937 George Drummond Ogilvie (b. 1882 - d. 1966) (from 1 Jan 1936, Sir George Drummond Ogilvie) Apr 1937 - 28 Oct 1937? Basil John Knight Hallowes (b. 1884 - d. 1971) 28 Oct 1937 - 1 Oct 1942 Arthur Cunningham Lothian (b. 1887 - d. 1962) (from 12 Jun 1941, Sir Arthur Cunningham Lothian) 11 May 1939 – 30 Jun 1939 Conrad Laurence Corfield (b. 1893 – d. 1980) (acting for Lothian) 1 Oct 1942 - 1 Dec 1944 George Van Baerle Gillan (b. 1890 - d. 1974) 1 Dec 1944 - 14 Aug 1947 Hiranand Rupchand Shivdasani (b. 1904 - d. 1951)

Andaman and Nicobar Islands


1 Jan 1756 - 29 Aug 1757; 1768-88;
1792-c.1809; 1831-37; 1846-48


23 Mar 1942 - 9 Oct 1945


29 Dec 1943 - 2 Aug 1945
Provisional Government of Free India

1 Jan 1756 Denmark annexesGreat Nicobar Island, in the Nicobar Islands which are named Frederiksøerne (Frederik's Islands); Grand Nicobar settlement is named Nye Danmark (New Denmark).18 Oct 1756 Danish settlement relocated toNye Sjaelland (New Sealand) (onCamorta Island)(subordinated to Danish India[Tranquebar] under the Danish Asiatic Company [Asiatisk Kompagni]). 29 Aug 1757 - 19 Aug 1768 Nicobar Islands abandoned by Denmark.19 Aug 1768 Nicobar Islands (Nikobarerne) Danish colonization attempt revived, but quickly reduced to a few missionaries at any given time (subordinated to Danish India [Tranquebar] under the Danish Asiatic Company). 6 Jun 1778 Austrian colonization attempt in Nicobar Islands launched with resident Lt. Gottfried Stahl aboardJoseph und Theresia, under Imperial Asiatic Company of Trieste and Antwerp (officially Société impériale asiatique de Trieste et Anvers), also known as Antwerp Company,founded in 1775 and operating until Feb 1785.12 Jul 1778 Austrians acquire possession of four islands from the natives (Nancowry, Car Nicobar, Trinkat, and Katchall) in violation of Danish claims.1783 Lt. Stahl dies, the surviving party leaves, Austrian colonization attempt is abandoned.Mar 1788 - Sep 1792 Nicobar Islands abandoned by Denmark.28 Sep 1789 British settlement party led by Lt. Archibald Blair lands on South Andaman, formally claiming theAndaman Islands for U.K. on 25 Oct 1789by flag hoisting at Port Cornwallis (later Port Blair) on South Andaman Island (relocated to North Andaman Island on 30 Dec 1792); part of British India (Bengal). May 1796 BritishPort Cornwallissettlement abandoned in favor of Penang.13 Feb 1808 - 20 Sep 1815 Nicobar Islands nominally claimed by the British when they occupy Danish Tranquebar (Trankebar). c.1809 - 1 Aug 1831 Nicobar Islands abandoned by Denmark. 1 Aug 1831 Nicobar Islandsnew Danish settlement (on Camorta Island), named Frederikshøj(subordinated to Tranquebar). Aug 1837 - 5 Jan 1846 Nicobar Islands again abandoned by Denmark. 5 Jan 1846 - 25 Feb 1846 Nicobar Islands visited by Danish expedition under Capt. Steen Andersen Bille (b. 1797 - d. 1883).15 Feb 1846 Danish settlement (on Camorta Island) in Nicobar Islands (Nikobarerne), named Frederikshavn (subordinated to Tranquebar).11 Jun 1848 Last Danish presence in Nicobar Islands withdrawn. 22 Jan 1858 Andaman Islands British penal settlement established at Port Blair (part of British India [subordinated to commissioner ofBritish Burma 2 Apr 1864(commissioner of Tenasserim to 24 Sep 1864) - 1869]). 8 Dec 1868 Danish government, considering islands derelict, voluntarily waives rightsover Nicobar Islands (by Danish Foreign Ministers note). 27 Mar 1869 Nicobar Islands annexed to U.K. by Arthur Morrell onHMS Spiteful.16 Apr 1869 Nicobar Islands annexed to British India by Arthur Morrell again onHMS Spiteful(subordinated to the Andaman Islands).15 Jul 1872 Chief Commissionership of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.23 Mar 1942 - 9 Oct 1945 Japanese occupation (in Port Blair;from 13 Jun 1942 in Nicobars). 29 Dec 1943 - 2 Aug 1945 Under civil administration by the Japanese-sponsoredProvisional Government of Free India.Andaman Islands are renamed Shaheed Dweep (Martyr Islands) and Nicobar Islandsrenamed Swaraj Dweep (Freedom Islands). 10Oct 1945 - 6 Feb 1946 British military administration.15 Aug 1947 Part of independent India (as Andaman and Nicobar province).

Danish Head Chiefs of the Nicobar Islands(Opperhoveder paa Frederiksøerne) 1 Jan 1756 - Mar 1756 Jørgen Bartholomaeus Tanck (b. 172. - d. 1756) Mar 1756 - Jun? 1756 David Robertsen Faye (acting) (b. 171. - d. 1756)Jun? 1756 - 9 Sep 1756 Tanner (Tannen) (acting) 9 Sep 1756 - 6 Dec 1756 Tyge Volqvartz (Volquartz) (b. 17.. - d. 1756) 6 Dec 1756 - 13 Jun 1757 Christian Friderich Lund (1st time)(b. 1715 - d. ....) (acting) 13 Jun1757 - 19 Jun 1757 Jens Twede (Twed) (b. 171. - d. 1757) 19 Jun 1757 - 29 Aug 1757 Christian Friderich Lund (2nd time)(s.a.) (acting) 29 Aug 1757 - 19 Aug 1768 Abandoned Danish Residents of the Nicobar Islands (Residenter paa Nikobarerne) 19 Aug 1768 - 23 Nov 1768 Michael Kundt (Kund) (b. 1707 - d. 1768)23 Nov 1768 - 29 Sep 1769 Gottlieb Völcker (Völker)(1st time)(b. 1725 - d. 1776) (acting) 29 Sep 1769 - 3 Nov 1769 Jacob Falck (acting) (b. 173. - d. 1769) 3 Nov 1769 - 10 Jan 1770 Niels Lorentzen Snitler (b. 17.. - d. 1770)10 Jan 1770 - 13 Sep 1776 Gottlieb Völcker (Völker)(2nd time)(s.a.) 13 Sep 1776 - 14 Oct 1777 Philip Daniel Armedinger (acting) (d. 1777) 14 Oct 1777 - 9 Oct 1778 Joseph (Josef) Blaschke (acting) (b. 1731 - d. 1782) 12 Jul 1778 - 1783 Gottfried Stahl -Austrian Resident(d. 1783) 9 Oct 1778 - 5 Jan 1781 Jacob Hegner (b. 1747 - d. ....) 9 Jan 1781 - 13 Jan 1781 Johann Christian Friderich Heyne (b. 1749 - d. 1783) (acting) 13Jan 1781 - 20 Jun 1781 Johann Christian Steinmann (b. 1753 - d. 1781)20 Jun 1781 - 1 Sep 1784 Johann Gottfried Hänsel (b. 1749 - d. 1814) 1 Sep 1784 - 24 Dec 1784 Johannes Heinrich Kuntz (Kunz) (b. 1758 - d. 1785) (1st time) 24 Dec 1784 - 1 Jan 1785 Johann Martin Fleckner (acting) (b. 1752 - d. 1786) 1 Jan 1785 - 23 Nov 1785 Johannes Heinrich Kuntz (Kunz) (s.a.) (2nd time) 23 Nov 1785 - 12 Dec 1785 Johann Friedrich Rudolphi (b. 1763 - d. 1825) (1st time) (acting) 12 Dec 1785 - 12 Apr 1786 Niels Sørensen (b. 1717? - d. 1786)12 Apr 1786 - 22 Oct 1786 Johann Friedrich Rudolphi (s.a.) (2nd time)(acting) 22 Oct 1786 - 6 Dec 1787 Søren Hansen Kragh (Krag)(acting) (b. 1747 - d. 1788) 6 Dec 1787 - Mar 1788 Jørgen Ohmeyer (b. 17.. - d. 1788) Mar 1788 - Sep 1792 Abandoned Sep 1792 - 1792 Johan Christopher Pipping (b. 17.. - d. 1792?)1792 - c.1809 Emanuel Ditjens (Ditzen)(acting) (b. 17.. - d. af.1809) c.1809 - 1 Aug 1831 Abandoned 1 Aug 1831 - 15 Dec 1834 David Rosen (b. 1791 - d. 1862) 15 Dec 1834 - Feb? 1835 Francis Kerver (acting) (b. 17.. - d. 1835) (Francisco Cerveira) Feb? 1835 - 1836 A'Cunha(acting)1836 - 17 May 1836 Ambalavam(acting)17 May 1836 - May 1836 Otto Rudolph (Rudolf) Buchhave (b. 1806 - d. 1889) BoeckMay 1836 - Aug 1837 Adolph Wilhelm Bucksmann(Buxmann) (b. 1810 - d. 18..) (acting)Aug 1837 - 25 Jan 1846 Abandoned 25 Jan 1846 - 11 Jun 1848 Richard Aschlund (b. 1800 - d. 1863) 11 Jun 1847 - 22 Jan 1858 Abandoned British Superintendents, Andamans(at Port Cornwallis) 28 Sep 1789 - 5 Mar 1793 Archibald Blair (b. 1751 - d. 1815) 5 Mar 1793 - May 1796 Alexander Kyd (b. 1754 - d. 1826) May 1796 - 22 Jan 1858 Abandoned Superintendents of Port Blair 22 Jan 1858 - 10 Mar 1858 Henry Man (1st time) (acting) (b. 1815 - d. 1898) 10 Mar 1858 - 3 Oct 1859 James Pattison Walker (b. 1823 - d. 1906) 3 Oct 1859 - May 1862 James Colpoys Haughton (b. 1817 - d. 1887) May 1862 - 29 Jun 1864 Robert Christopher Tytler (b. 1818 - d. 1872) 30 Jun 1864 - 8 Jun 1869 Barnett Ford (b. 1824 - d. 1907) 9 Jun 1869 - 15 Mar 1871 Henry Man (2nd time) (s.a.)16 Mar 1871 - 14 Jul 1872 Frederick Lyon Playfair (acting) (b. 1830 - d. 1907) Chief Commissioners of the Andamans and the Nicobars 15 Jul 1872 – 7 May 1875 Donald Martin Stewart (b. 1824 - d. 1900) (acting to 18 Feb 1873) 7 May 1875 – 26 May 1875 Montague Protheroe (1st time) (b. 1841 - d. 1905) (acting)26 May 1875 - 27 Nov 1876 Charles Arthur Barwell (1st time) (b. 1826 - d. 1895) (acting to 24 Mar 1876)27 Nov 1876 – 27 Feb 1878 Montague Protheroe (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting)27 Feb 1878 – 13 Dec 1878 Charles Arthur Barwell (2nd time) (s.a.) 13 Dec 1878 – 24 Feb 1879 Reginald Justus Wimberley (b. 1841 - d. 1911) (1st time) (acting)24 Feb 1879 – 12 Dec 1879 Charles Arthur Barwell (3rd time) (s.a.)12 Dec 1879 – 17 Oct 1881 Thomas Cadell (1st time) (b. 1835 - d. 1919) (acting to 21 Dec 1880)17 Oct 1881 - 28 Feb 1883 Montague Protheroe (3rd time) (s.a.) (acting)28 Feb 1883 – 12 Feb 1887 Thomas Cadell (2nd time) (s.a.)12 Feb 1887 - 25 Feb 1887 Reginald Justus Wimberley (s.a.) (2nd time) (acting)25 Feb 1887 – 5 Oct 1888 Thomas Cadell (3rd time) (s.a.) 5 Oct 1888 – 29 Apr 1889 Louis Henry Emile Tucker (acting) (b. 1843 - d. 1925)29 Apr 1889 – 15 Apr 1892 Thomas Cadell (4th time) (s.a.)16 Apr 1892 - 25 Jul 1894 Norman Macleod Thomas Horsford (b. 1840 - d. 1907)25 Jul 1894 - 3 Aug 1894 Edward Horace Man (acting) (b. 1846 - d. 1929) 3 Aug 1894 - 3 Sep 1896 Richard Carnac Temple (1st time) (b. 1850 - d. 1931) (acting to 3 Sep 1895) 3 Sep 1896 – 24 Nov 1896 Frank William Chatterton (acting) (b. 1839 - d. 1924)24 Nov 1896 – 21 Jan 1898 Richard Carnac Temple (2nd time) (s.a.)21 Jan 1898 – 31 Jan 1900 George Wemyss Anson (acting) (b. 1848 - d. 1916)31 Jan 1900 – 9 May 1901 Richard Carnac Temple (3rd time) (s.a.) 9 May 1901 – 10 Nov 1901 Somerset Henry Paul Graves (acting)(b. 1846 - d. 1934)10 Nov 1901 – 14 Nov 1901 Francis Edward Tuson (1st time) (b. 1850 - d. 1923) (acting)14 Nov 1901 – 9 May 1903 Richard Carnac Temple (4th time) (s.a.) (from 15 Mar 1902, Sir Richard Carnac Temple) 9 May 1903– 9 Apr 1904 Francis Edward Tuson (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 9 Apr 1904 - 24 Sep 1904 William Rudolph Henry Merk (b. 1852 - d. 1925) (1st time) 24 Sep 1904 - 24 Nov 1904 Henry Graham Tayler (1st time) (b. 1855 - d. 1941) (acting) 24 Nov 1904 - 14 Apr 1906 William Rudolph Henry Merk (s.a.) (2nd time) 14 Apr 1906 -24 Sep 1907 Herbert Arrott Browning (1st time) (b. 1861 - d. 1951)24 Sep 1907 - 10 Oct 1907 Henry Graham Tayler(2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 10 Oct 1907 - 16 Oct 1908 Lionel Herbert (acting) (b. 1860 - d. 1929) 16 Oct 1908 - 16 Feb 1913 Herbert Arrott Browning (2nd time) (s.a.) 16 Feb 1913 - 14 Apr 1914 Montague William Douglas (1st time)(b. 1863 - d. 1957) 14 Apr 1914 - 16 Oct 1914 John Hope Simpson (1st time) (b. 1868 - d. 1961) (acting) 16 Oct 1914 - 13 May 1916 Montague William Douglas (2nd time)(s.a.) 13 May 1916 - 19 May 1916 John Hope Simpson (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 19 May 1916 - 29 Jun 1919 Montague William Douglas (3rd time)(s.a.) 29 Jun 1919 - 11 Oct 1919 Reginald Fendall Lowis (acting) (b. 1867 - d. 1962) 11 Oct 1919 - 23 May 1920 Montague William Douglas (4th time)(s.a.) 23 May 1920 - 17 Sep 1922 Henry Cecil Beadon (1st time) (b. 1874 - d. 1959) 17 Sep 1922 – 23 Apr 1923 John Moncrieff Wright (1st time) (b. 1884 - d. 1971) (acting) 23 Apr 1923 - 18 Jun 1924 Michael Lloyd Ferrar (1st time) (b. 1876 - d. 1971) (acting to 23 May 1923) 18 Jun 1924 - 27 Oct 1924 John Moncrieff Wright (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 27 Oct 1924 - 1 Nov 1927 Michael Lloyd Ferrar (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Nov 1927 - 1 Aug 1928 John Moncrieff Wright (3rd time) (s.a.) (acting) 1 Aug 1928 - 12 Apr 1931 Michael Lloyd Ferrar (3rd time) (s.a.) 12 Apr 1931 - 25 Aug 1931 Geoffrey Worsley (acting) (b. 1881 - d. 1931) 25 Aug 1931 - 7 Dec 1931 Edward Courtenay Kenny (acting) (b. 1885 - d. 1956) 7 Dec 1931 - 6 Feb 1935 John William Smyth (b. 1880 - d. 1968) 7 Feb 1935 - 7 Feb 1938 William Alexander Cosgrave (b. 1879 - d. 1952) 7 Feb 1938 - 23 Mar 1942 Charles Francis Waterfall (b. 1888 - d. 1954) (Japanese prisoner 23 Mar 1942 - 6 Oct 1945)12 Sep 1942 - 26 Jun 1944 Shigeru Ishikawa (b. 1889 - d. 1947) Mil (commander Japanese 12th Special Naval Base Force)29 Dec 1943 - 2 Aug 1945 Arcot Doraisawmy "A.D." Loganadan (b. 1888 - d. 1949) Mil/IIL (for the Free India Provisional Government; at Port Blair 12 Feb - 2 Oct 1944) 2 Oct 1944 - 2 Aug 1945 Mansoor Ali Alvi (acting) Mil/IIL (for the Free India Provisional Government; acting for absent Loganadan) 26 Jun 1944 - 9 Oct 1945 Teizō Hara (b. 1892 - d. 1946) Mil (commanderJapanese 12th Special Naval Base Force) 9 Oct 1945 - 6 Feb 1946 Joseph Arthur Salomons (b. 1900 - d. 1973) Mil (officer commanding land forces Andaman and Nicobar Islands) 9 Oct 1945 - Feb 1947 Noel Kennedy Paterson (b. 1905 - d. 1984) (acting to 7 Feb 1946) Feb 1947 - 14 Aug 1947 Inam-ul Majid (b. 1895 - d. 19..)

Assam

24 Feb 1826 Ahom (Assam) state ceded to British India by Burma by the Treaty of Yandabo. 1826 - 6 Feb 1874 Part (division) of Bengal. 24 Apr 1833 - 16 Sep 1838 Princely state briefly restored in Upper Assam only.16 Sep 1838 Part of Bengal. 1873 British political control imposed on western Naga communities. 7Feb 1874 Province of Assam. 16 Oct 1905 - 1 Apr 1912 Province of Eastern Bengal and Assam (merger of Assam with the Eastern parts of Bengal province). 1 Apr 1912 Assam again a separate province. 1 Apr 1937 Self-rule granted. 15 Mar 1944 - 3 Jul 1944 Part of Assam (the Naga Hills district) and part of the state of Manipur are occupied by Japanese and Free India forces.15 Aug 1947 Part of independent India (as Assam province).

Senior Commissioner, Western (Lower) Assam (also Agent to the Governor-General in the North-East Frontier)28 Feb 1826 - Mar 1828 David Scott (b. 1786 - d. 1831)Commissioners of Assam (also Agents to the Governor-General on the North-East Frontier) Mar 1828 - 20 Aug 1831 David Scott (s.a.)Sep 1831 - Apr 1832 William Cracroft (acting) (b. 1787? - d. 1846) Apr 1832 -28 Feb 1834 Thomas Campbell Robertson (b. 1789 - d. 1863)28 Feb 1834 - Jan 1861 Francis Jenkins (b. 1793 - d. 1866) Feb 1861 - 6 Feb 1874 Henry Hopkinson (b. 1820 - d. 1899) Chief Commissioners of Assam 7 Feb 1874 – 25 Jun 1878 Richard Harte Keatinge (b. 1825 - d. 1904) 22 Jun 1878 – 25 Mar 1881 Stewart Colvin Bayley (b. 1836 - d. 1925) (acting to 17 Jun 1880) 25 Mar 1881 - 8 Jul 1883 Charles Alfred Elliott (1st time) (b. 1835 - d. 1911) 8 Jul 1883 – 7 Oct 1883 William Erskine Ward (1st time) (b. 1838 - d. 1916) (acting) 7 Oct 1883 – 27 Feb 1885 Charles Alfred Elliott (2nd time) (s.a.) 27 Feb 1885 - 31 Oct 1887 William Erskine Ward (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 31 Oct 1887 – 16 Jul 1889 Dennis Fitzpatrick (b. 1837 - d. 1920) 16 Jul 1889 – 22 Oct 1889 James Westland (b. 1842 – d. 1903) 22 Oct 1889 - 24 Mar 1891 James Wallace Quinton (b. 1834 - d. 1891) 3 Apr 1891 – 27 May 1891 Sir Henry Collett (acting) (b. 1836 – d. 1902) 27 May 1891 – 17 Jul 1894 William Erskine Ward (3rd time) (s.a.) (from 20 May 1896, Sir William Erskine Ward) 17 Jul 1894 – 27 Nov 1896 Sir Charles James Lyall (b. 1845 - d. 1920) (acting to 4 Oct 1894) 27 Nov 1896 – 1 May 1900 Henry John Stedman Cotton (b. 1845 - d. 1915) (1st time) 1 May 1900 – 1 Aug 1900 Joseph Bampfylde Fuller (1st time) (b. 1854 - d. 1935) (acting) 1 Aug 1900 – 29 Apr 1902 Henry John Stedman Cotton (s.a.) (2nd time) 29 Apr 1902 – 30 Jul 1903 Charles Walter Bolton (acting) (b. 1850 - d. 1919) 30 Jul 1903 – 16 Oct 1905 Joseph Bampfylde Fuller (2nd time) (s.a.) Lieutenant governors of Eastern Bengal and Assam 16 Oct 1905 - 20 Aug 1906 Joseph Bampfylde Fuller (s.a.) (from 1 Jan 1906, Sir Bampfylde Fuller) 20 Aug 1906 - 22 Aug 1911 Lancelot Hare (b. 1851 - d. 1922) (from 28 Jun 1907, Sir Lancelot Hare) 22 Aug 1911 - 1 Apr 1912 Sir Charles Stuart Bayley (b. 1854 - d. 1935) Chief commissioners of Assam 1 Apr 1912 - 1 Apr 1918 Archdale Earle (b. 1861 - d. 1934) 1 Apr 1918 - 3 Jan 1921 Nicholas Dodd Beatson Bell (b. 1867 - d. 1936) (from 1 Jan 1919, Sir Nicholas Dodd Beatson Bell) Governors 3 Jan 1921 - 2 Apr 1921 Sir Nicholas Dodd Beatson Bell (s.a.) 3 Apr 1921 - 10 Oct 1922 Sir William Sinclair Marris (b. 1873 - d. 1945) 10 Oct 1922 - 28 Jun 1927 Sir John Henry Kerr (b. 1871 - d. 1934) 10 Apr 1925 – 6 Aug 1925 William James Reid (b. 1871 - d. 1939) (acting for Kerr) 11 Aug 1925 – 6 Dec 1925 William James Reid (s.a.) (acting for Kerr) 28 Jun 1927 - 11 May 1932 Sir Egbert Laurie Lucas Hammond (b. 1873 - d. 1939) 11 May 1932 - 4 Mar 1937 Sir Michael Keane (b. 1874 - d. 1937) 4 Mar 1937 - 4 May 1942 Sir Robert Neil Reid (b. 1883 - d. 1964) 4 May 1942 - 4 May 1947 Sir Andrew Gourlay Clow (b. 1890 - d. 1957) 15 Mar 1944 - 3 Jul 1944 Ren'ya Mutaguchi (b. 1888 - d. 1966) Mil (Japanese 15th Army commander) 16 Mar 1944 - 18 Jul 1944 Amil Chandra "A.C." Chatterji (b. 1891 - d. 1954) Mil/IIL (Governor-designate of Liberated Indian Territories for the Free India Provisional Government) 4 May 1947 - 14 Aug 1947 Sir Akbar Hydari (b. 1894 - d. 1948) Leading ministers (informal; governors were presidents of the Executive Council ex-officio) Jan 1921 - 1923 Ghanashyam Baruah (b. 1867 - d. 1923) 1923 - 1926 Pramod Chandra Dutta 1926 - 1929 Maulavi Saiyid Muhammad Saadulla (b. 1885 - d. 1955) (from 4 Jun 1928, Maulavi Sir Saiyid Muhammad Saadulla) 1929 - 1937 Maulavi Abdul Hamid (b. 1886 - d. 1963) Chief ministers 1 Apr 1937 - 19 Sep 1938 Maulavi Saiyid Sir Muhammad (s.a.) ML Saadulla (1st time) 19 Sep 1938 - 17 Nov 1939 Gopinath Bordoloi (1st time) (b. 1890 - d. 1950) INC 17 Nov 1939 - 24 Dec 1941 Maulavi Saiyid Sir Muhammad (s.a.) ML Saadulla (2nd time) 24 Dec 1941 - 24 Aug 1942 Governor's Rule 25 Aug 1942 - 11 Feb 1946 Maulavi Saiyid Sir Muhammad (s.a.) ML Saadulla (3rd time) 11 Feb 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Gopinath Bordoloi (2nd time) (s.a.) INC

British Baluchistan

19 Jun 1877 British occupy Quetta (then part of Kalat state). 1 Oct 1887 British Baluchistan Province and Tribal Areas formed from areas perpetually leased in 1883 to the U.K. by Kalat. 1896 Province of British India. 15 Aug 1947 Part of Pakistan (as Baluchistan province).

Agent to the Governor-general19 Jun 1877 - 11 Dec 1887 Sir Oliver Beauchamp Coventry (b. 1837 - d. 1891) St. JohnChief Commissioners (also Agents to the Governors-General [from 1937, Residents] in Baluchistan states) 19 Jun 1887 - 29 Jan 1892 Sir Robert Groves Sandeman (b. 1835 - d. 1892)19 Jun 1877 - 11 Dec 1887 Sir Oliver Beauchamp Coventry (s.a.) St. John (1st time) (acting for Sandeman) 3 Apr 1889 - 8 Oct 1889 Sir Harry North Dalrymple (b. 1834 - d. 1913) Prendergast (acting forSandeman) 23 Apr 1891 - 8 May 1891 Hugh Shakespear Barnes (b. 1853 - d. 1940) (1st time)(acting for Sandeman) 9 May 1891 - 4 Jun 1891 Sir Oliver Beauchamp Coventry (s.a.) St. John (2nd time) (acting for Sandeman) 5 Jun 1891 - 9 Jul 1891 Hugh Shakespear Barnes (s.a.) (2nd time)(acting for Sandeman) 10 Jul 1891 - 16 Nov 1891 John Biddulph (acting for Sandeman)(b. 1840 - d. 1922) 30 Jan 1892 - 21 Mar 1892 Hugh Shakespear Barnes (s.a.) (3rd time) (acting) 22 Mar 1892 - 13 Jun 1896 Sir James Browne (b. 1839 - d. 1896) 8 Oct 1892 - 8 Dec 1892 Hugh Shakespear Barnes (s.a.) (4th time)(acting for Browne) 14 Jun 1896 - 14 Nov 1896 James Adair Crawford (acting) (b. 1857 - d. 1936) 15 Nov 1896 - 20 Nov 1900 Hugh Shakespear Barnes (s.a.) (5th time) 12 Apr 1899 - 21 Dec 1899 Henry Wylie (acting for Barnes) (b. 1844 - d. 1918) 20 Nov 1900 - 31 Oct 1904 Charles Edward Yate (b. 1849 - d. 1940) 1 Nov 1904 - 23 Jan 1905 John Ramsay (1st time) (acting) (b. 1862 - d. 1942) 23 Jan 1905 - 2 Apr 1907 Alexander Lauzun Pendock Tucker (b. 1861 - d. 1941) (acting) 2 Apr 1907 - 25 Apr 1911 Sir Arthur Henry McMahon (b. 1862 - d. 1949) 3 Jun 1909 - 6 Sep 1909 Charles Archer (1st time) (b. 1861 - d. 1941) (acting for McMahon) 25 Apr 1911 - 5 Dec 1917 John Ramsay (2nd time) (s.a.) (from 3 Jun 1915, Sir John Ramsay) 21 Oct 1912 - 14 Nov 1912 Charles Archer (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting for Ramsay) 2 Apr 1914 - 23 May 1914 Charles Archer (3rd time) (s.a.) (acting for Ramsay) 15 Jun 1915 - 5 Jul 1915 Charles Archer (4th time) (s.a.) (acting for Ramsay) 5 Dec 1917 - 1 Sep 1919 Henry Robert Conway Dobbs (b. 1871 - d. 1934) 1 Sep 1919 - 13 Jun 1922 Armine Brereton Dew (b. 1867 - d. 1941) (from 3 Jun 1921, Sir Armine Brereton Dew) Jun 1922 - 15 Sep 1923 Henry Beauchamp St. John (b. 1874 - d. 1954) (1st time) (acting) 15 Sep 1923 - 7 Jul 1926 Frederick William Johnston (b. 1872 - d. 1947)12 Nov 1925 – 31 Mar 1926 Edmond Henry Salt James (b. 1874 - d. 1952) (acting for Johnston) 7 Jul 1926 - 4 Nov 1927 Edmond Henry Salt James (1st time) (s.a.) (acting) 4 Nov 1927 - 29 Oct 1930 Henry Beauchamp St. John (2nd time)(s.a.) (from 1 Jan 1930, Sir Beauchamp St. John) 2 Feb 1929 - 1 Oct 1929 Edmond Henry Salt James (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting)(acting for St. John) 1 Oct 1929 - 23 Mar 1931 Charles Edward Bruce (acting) (b. 1876 - d. 1950) 23 Mar 1931 - 1 Apr 1936 Alexander Norman Ley Cater (b. 1880 - d. 1957) (from 1 Jan 1934, SirAlexander Norman Ley Cater) (acting to 17 Dec 1931) 10 May 1932 - 1 Oct 1932 John Aloysius Brett (b. 1879 - d. 1955) (acting for Cater) 1 Apr 1936 - 18 Apr 1936 Ronald Evelyn Leslie Wingate (b. 1889 - d. 1978) (1st time) (acting) 18 Apr 1936 - 20 Jun 1937 Arthur Edward Broadbent Parsons (b. 1884 - d. 1966) (1st time) (acting) 20 Jun 1937 - 28 Nov 1937 Ronald Evelyn Leslie Wingate (s.a.) (2nd time) (acting) 28 Nov 1937 - 14 Mar 1938 Olaf Kirkpatrick Caroe (acting) (b. 1892 - d. 1981) 14 Mar 1938 - 11 Aug 1939 Arthur Edward Broadbent Parsons (s.a.) (from 9 Jun 1938, Sir Arthur Edward Broadbent Parsons) (2nd time) 11 Aug 1939 - 24 Nov 1943 Sir Herbert Aubrey Francis (b. 1883 - d. 1943) Metcalfe 24 Nov 1943 - 14 May 1946 William Rupert Hay (b. 1893 - d. 1962) 14 May 1946 - 1946 Henry Mortimer Poulton (b. 1898 - d. 1973) 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Sir Geoffrey Prior (b. 1896 - d. 1972)

Political Agents and Deputy Commissioners for the Quetta Agency 1 Apr 1883 – 25 Nov 1885 Hugh Shakespear Barnes(1st time) (b. 1853 - d. 1940)25 Nov 1885 – 22 Mar 1886 James Adair Crawford (b. 1856 - d. 1936)22 Mar 1886 – 7 Nov 1888 Arthur Henry Temple Martindale (b. 1854 - d. 1942) 7 Nov 1888 – 20 Apr 1889 Hugh Shakespear Barnes(2nd time) (s.a.)20 Apr 1889 – 7 Jul 1895 Gilbert Gaisford (b. 1849 - d. 1898) 7 Jul 1895 – 25 Jul 1895 Arthur Francis Bruce (b. 1863 - d. 1908)25 Jul 1895 – 9 May 1897 Philip James Melvill (b. 1858 - d. 1935) 9 May 1897 – 25 Nov 1897 Albert Addams-Williams(1st time) (b. 1864 - d. 1931)25 Nov 1897 – 7 Dec 1897 Herbert Lionel Showers (1st time) (b. 1861 - d. 1916) 7 Dec 1897 – 18 Oct 1898 Albert Addasm-Williams(2nd time) (s.a.)18 Oct 1898 – 11 Nov 1898 Arthur Berkeley Drummond (b. 1869 - d. 1918)11 Nov 1898 – 11 Dec 1899 John Ramsay (1st time) (b. 1862 – d. 1942)11 Dec 1899 – 31 Mar 1900 Herbert Lionel Showers (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Apr 1900 – 20 May 1901 John Ramsay (2nd time) (s.a.)21 May 1901 – 14 Jun 1901 John Frederick Whyte (b. 1865 - d. 19..) 15 Jun 1901 - 31 Oct 1902 John Ramsay (3rd time) (s.a.) 1 Nov 1902 – 17 Nov 1902 Arthur Dennys Gilbert Ramsay (b. 1872 - d. 1939) 18 Nov 1902 - 27 Oct 1903 Frederick Weston Peile MacDonald (b. 1863 - d. 1955) (1st time) 28 Oct 1903 – 30 Nov 1903 Stuart George Knox (b. 1869 - d. 1956) 1 Dec 1903 – 31 Mar 1904 Frederick Weston Peile MacDonald (s.a.) (2nd time) 1 Apr 1904 - 31 Mar 1905 Michael Augustus Tighe (1st time) (b. 1861 - d. 1932) 1 Apr 1905 - 3 Apr 1905 Armine Brereton Dew (1st time) (b. 1867 - d. 1941) (acting) 4 Apr 1905 - 11 May 1905 Charles Archer (1st time) (b. 1861 - d. 1941) 12 May 1905 - 2 Sep 1905 Michael Augustus Tighe (2nd time) (s.a.) 3 Sep 1905 - 7 Dec 1905 Armine Brereton Dew (2nd time) (s.a.) 8 Dec 1905 - 2 Jul 1906 Charles Archer (2nd time) (s.a.) 3 Jul 1906 - 15 Jul 1906 Richard Henry Chenevix Trench (b. 1876 - d. 1954) (1st time) 16 Jul 1906 - 5 Nov 1906 Charles Lennox Somerville Russell (b. 1872 - d. 1960) 6 Nov 1906 - 22 Jan 1907 Richard Henry Chenevix Trench (s.a.) (2nd time) 23 Jan 1907 - 10 Mar 1907 R.A. Ebean 11 Mar 1907 – 26 Oct 1910 Allen McConaghey(1st time) (b. 1864 - d. 19..) 27 Oct 1910 – 19 Apr 1911 Arthur Leslie Jacob (b. 1870 - d. 1944) 20 Apr 1911 - 28 Apr 1911 T. Keys(acting)29 Apr 1911 - 27 Nov 1912 Allen McConaghey (2nd time) (s.a.)28 Nov 1912 – 1 Jan 1913 William George Grey (b. 1866 - d. 1953) 2 Jan 1913 – 2 Jun 1913 Henry Robert Conway Dobbs (acting) (b. 1871 - d. 1934) 3 Jun 1913 - 30 Sep 1914 Allen McConaghey (3rd time) (s.a.) 1 Oct 1914 – 20 Oct 1914 Herbert Cobb Finnis (acting) (b. 1885 - d. 1923)21 Oct 1914 - 4 Apr 1916 Allen McConaghey (4th time) (s.a.) 5 Apr 1916 – 12 Apr 1917 Claude Henry Gidney (b. 1887 - d. 1968) 5 Apr 1917 – 6 May 1919 Henry Beauchamp St. John (b. 1874 - d. 1954) (acting to 12 Apr 1917) 7 May 1919 - 6 Sep 1920 Hugh Stewart (1st time) (b. 1872 – d. 1931) 7 Sep 1920 – 30 Nov 1920 Nawab Sir Mir Shams Shah (acting) 1 Dec 1920 – 23 Feb 1921 Hugh Stewart (2nd time) (s.a.) 21 Apr 1921 – 24 Oct 1921 Clarmont Percival Skrine (b. 1888 - d. 1974) 25 Oct 1921 – 25 Nov 1921 Hugh Stewart (3rd time) (s.a.) 26 Nov 1921 – 26 Mar 1922 Richard Henry Chenevix Trench (s.a.) (1st time) 26 Mar 1922 – 10 Jun 1922 Hugh Stewart (4th time) (s.a.) 11 Jun 1922 – 28 Nov 1922 Charles Aitchison Smith (b. 1871 - d. 1940) 29 Nov 1922 – 30 Nov 1922 Khan Bahadur Sharbat Khan (b. 1880 - d. 19..) (acting) 1 Dec 1922 - 9 Dec 1924 Frank McConaghey (b. 18.. - d. 1924) 10 Dec 1924 – 13 Apr 1925 Richard Henry Chenevix Trench (s.a.) (2nd time) 13 Apr 1925 – 12 Nov 1925 James Leslie Rose Weir (b. 1883 - d. 1950) 12 Nov 1925 – 28 Mar 1926 Richard Henry Chenevix Trench (s.a.) (3rd time) 28 Mar 1926 – 24 Oct 1926 Edward Thomas Ruscombe Wickham (b. 1890 - d. 1957) (1st time) 25 Oct 1926 – 6 Jan 1927 Richard Henry Chenevix Trench (s.a.) (4th time) 6 Jan 1927 – 8 Mar 1928 John Aloysius Brett (b. 1879 – d. 1955) 8 Mar 1928 – 30 Sep 1930 Ronald Evelyn Leslie Wingate (b. 1889 - d. 1978) 1 Oct 1930 – 7 May 1932 Edward Thomas Ruscombe Wickham (s.a.) (2nd time) 8 May 1932 – 7 Oct 1932 Henry Mortimer Poulton (b. 1898 - d. 1973) 17 Oct 1932 – 15 Apr 1935 Herbert John Todd (b. 1893 - d. 1985) 16 Apr 1935 – 15 Mar 1936 Severn Williams (b. 1884 - d. 19..) 1 Apr 1936 – 3 Nov 1936 Everard Huddlestone Gastrell (b. 1896 - d. 1980) (1st time) 6 Nov 1936 – 15 Dec 1936 Louis Alexander Gordon Pinhey (b. 1901 - d. 1988) (1st time) 16 Dec 1936 - 4 Feb 1937 Everard Huddleston Gastrell (s.a.) (2nd time) 5 Feb 1937 - 18 Jun 1937 Claude Edward Urquhart Bremner (b. 1891 - d. 1965) (1st time) (acting) 19 Jun 1937 - 13 Mar 1938 Agha Saiyid Bad Shah (b. 1903 - d. 1966) 14 Mar 1938 - 29 Jun 1938 Claude Edward Urquhart Bremner (s.a.) (2nd time) (acting) 31 Oct 1938 – 1 Nov 1938 Claude Edward Urquhart Bremner (s.a.) (3rd time) (acting) 1 Nov 1938 - 8 Mar 1939 Baba Daya Singh Bedi (acting) (b. 1899 - d. 1975) 9 Mar 1939 - 18 Aug 1940 Claude Edward Urquhart Bremner (s.a.) (4th time) 10 Sep 1940 - 31 Oct 1940 Louis Alexander Gordon Pinhey (s.a.) (2nd time) 1 Nov 1904 - 8 Dec 1940 Cecil Arthur Grant Savidge (b. 1905 - d. 1975) 9 Dec 1940 - 12 Sep 1941 Conrad Corfield (b. 1893 – d. 1980) 13 Sep 1941 - 9 Nov 1941 Richmond Keith Molesworth Battye (b. 1095 - d. 1958) 9 Nov 1941 - 27 May 1945 Basil Woods-Ballard (b. 1900 - d. 1980) 28 May 1945 - 1 Oct 1945 Meredith Worth (b. 1905 - d. 1993) 2 Oct 1945 - 6 Feb 1946 Carleton Stuart Searle (b. 1895 - d. 1980) 7 Feb 1946 - 17 May 1946 Douglas Yates Fell (b. 1910 - d. 1982) 18 May 1946 - 31 Jul 1947 Henry Arthur Northey Barlow (b. 1905 - d. 1985) 1 Jun 1947 - 25 Aug 1947 Thomas Edward Rogers (b. 1912 - d. 1999)

Bencoolen (Fort Marlborough)(1760-1785): see under Indonesia

Bengal

2 Feb 1634 English granted permission to establish factories in Bengal at Hugli, Balasore, Kasimbazar, and Patna. 1658 Bengal factories subordinated to Madras. 1676 - 1690 Hugli officially made headquarters of the Bengal trade. 3 Sep 1681 Bengal a separate agency (Bengal Agency). 17 Jul 1682 - Jan 1694 Presidency of Coromandel and Bengal Settlements. 24 Aug 1690 Calcutta (Kolkata) founded by English East India Co. Jan 1694 - 1698 Subordinated to Madras. 26 May 1700 Presidency of Fort William in Bengal. 20 Oct 1774 - 1 Nov 1858 Direct rule by merger of the Bengal presidency administration with the central government of British India. 1785 - 1825 Bencoolen part of the Bengal presidency. 1786 - 1805 Prince of Wales Island (Penang) part of the Bengal presidency. 1793 Remaining governing authority of the Bengal ruler abolished by the British. 1826 - 1862 Lower Burma part of Bengal. 1830 - 1851 Straits Settlements part of Bengal. 1 May 1854 Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Assam, styled the Lower Provinces of Bengal, entrusted to the charge of a Lieutenant governor. 1 Nov 1858 Presidency of Fort William in Bengal a regular province. 16 Oct 1905 - 1 Apr 1912 Partitioned into two provinces: (West) Bengal, and Eastern Bengal and Assam (see under Assam). 1 Apr 1912 Partition annulled, Bengal reunited asAssam, Bihar and Orissa are made separate provinces. 1 Apr 1936 Bengal Province 1 Apr 1937 Self-rule granted. 15 Aug 1947 Divided between India (as West Bengal province) and Pakistan (as East Bengal then 14 Oct 1955 - 16 Dec 1971 East Pakistan province; and from 16 Dec 1971 Bangladesh).

Agents and Chiefs of the Bengal Agency 3 Sep 1681 - 17 Jul 1684 William Hedges (b. 1632 - d. 1701) 17 Jul 1684 - 28 Aug 1685 John Beard (b. 16.. - d. 1685) Presidents of the Presidency of Coromandel and Bengal Settlements 8 Aug 1684 - 26 Jan 1685 William Gyfford (Gifford) (d. af.1687) 26 Jan 1685 - 10 Jan 1693 Job Charnock (b. c.1630 - d. 1693) 10 Jan 1693 - 12 Aug 1693 Francis Ellis (acting) (d. 1704) 12 Aug 1693 - Jan 1694 Charles Eyre (b. 16.. - d. 1729) Agents and Chiefs of the Bengal Agency Jan 1694 - 1699 Charles Eyre (s.a.) (from 17 Dec 1699, Sir Charles Eyre) 1699 -26 May 1700 John Beard, Jr. (d. 1705)Presidents in the Bay and Governors and Commanders-in-chief of Fort William in Bengal 26 May 1700 - 7 Jan 1701 Sir Charles Eyre (s.a.) 7 Jan 1701 - 7 Jul 1705 John Beard, Jr. (s.a.) 7 Jul 1705 - 20 Jul 1710 members of the council 20 Jul 1710 - 4 Mar 1711 Anthony Weltden (d. 1715) 4 Mar 1711 - 3 Dec 1713 John Russell (b. 1670 - d. 1735) 3 Dec 1713 - 28 Dec 1717 Robert Hedges (d. 1717) 12 Jan 1718 - 17 Jan 1723 Samuel Feake (d. 1757) 17 Jan 1723 - 30 Jan 1726 John Deane (1st time) (d. 1751) 30 Jan 1726 - 23 Aug 1728 Henry Frankland (b. 1684 - d. 1728) 17 Sep 1728 - 18 Sep 1728 Edward Stephenson (b. c.1691 – d. 1768) 18 Sep 1728 - 25 Feb 1732 John Deane (2nd time) (s.a.) 25 Feb 1732 - 29 Jan 1739 John Stackhouse (b. c.1680 - d. 1741) 29 Jan 1739 - 4 Feb 1746 Thomas Braddyll (b. 1691 - d. 1747) 4 Feb 1746 - 18 Apr 1748 John Forster (d. 1748) 18 Apr 1748 - 17 Jul 1749 William Barwell (b. 1705 - d. 1769) 18 Jul 1749 - 5 Jul 1752 Adam Dawson 6 Jul 1752 - 8 Aug 1752 William Fytche (b. 1716 - d. 1753) 10 Aug 1752 - 21 Jun 1758 Roger Drake (b. 1721/2 - d. 1766) 27 Jun 1758 - 24 Jan 1760 Robert Clive (1st time) (b. 1725 - d. 1774) 28 Jan 1760 - 27 Jul 1760 John Zephaniah Holwell (acting) (b. 1711 - d. 1798) 27 Jul 1760 - 26 Nov 1764 Henry Vansittart (b. 1732 - d. 1769) 3 Dec 1764 - 3 May 1765 John Spencer (acting) (b. c.1725 - d. c.1770) 3 May 1765 - 20 Jan 1767 Sir Robert Clive, Baron Clive of (s.a.) Plassey (2nd time) 29 Jan 1767 - 16 Dec 1769 Harry Verelst (b. 1734 - d. 1785) 20 Dec 1769 - 13 Apr 1772 John Cartier (b. 1733 - d. 1802) 13 Apr 1772 - 20 Oct 1774 Warren Hastings (b. 1732 - d. 1818) Governors-general of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal 20 Oct 1774 - 16 Jun 1834 the governors-general of British India Governors of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal 16 Jun 1834 - 1 Nov 1858 the governors-general of British India Deputy governors in Bengal (representatives of governors, in charge of the Bengal presidency) 20 Oct 1837 - 15 Oct 1838 Alexander T. Ross (b. 1777 - d. af.1838) 15 Oct 1838 - 17 Jun 1839 William Morison (b. 1781 – d. 1851) 17 Jun 1839 - 27 Jan 1840 Thomas Campbell Robertson (b. 1789 – d. 1863) 27 Jan 1840 - 10 Feb 1840 William Wilberforce-Bird (1st time)(b. 1784 – d. 1857) 10 Feb 1840 - 11 Apr 1842 None 11 Apr 1842 – 18 Sep 1844 William Wilberforce-Bird (2nd time)(s.a.) 18 Sep 1844 - 20 Sep 1845 None 20 Sep 1845 - 11 Jan 1848 Sir Thomas Herbert Maddock (b. 1792 – d. 1850) (1st time) 11 Jan 1848 - 11 Oct 1848 None 11 Oct 1848 - 11 Mar 1849 Sir Thomas Herbert Maddock (s.a.) (2nd time) 12 Mar 1849 - 29 Jan 1852 Sir John Hunter Littler (b. 1783 - d. 1856) 29 Jan 1852 - 9 Dec 1853 None 9 Dec 1853 - 1 May 1854 Joseph Alexander Dorin (b. 1802 – d. 1872) Lieutenant governors of Lower Provinces of Bengal (Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Assam) 1 May 1854 - 1 May 1859 Frederick James Halliday (b. 1807 - d. 1901) 1 May 1859 - 24 Apr 1862 John Peter Grant (b. 1807 - d. 1893) (from 14 Feb 1862, Sir John Peter Grant) 24 Apr 1862 - 24 Apr 1867 Cecil Beadon (b. 1816 - d. 1880) (from 24 May 1866, Sir Cecil Beadon) 24 Apr 1867 - 1 Mar 1871 William Grey (b. 1818 - d. 1878) (from 28 May 1870, Sir William Grey) 1 Mar 1871 - 9 Apr 1874 George Campbell (b. 1824 - d. 1892) (from 24 May 1873, Sir George Campbell) 9 Apr 1874 - 8 Jan 1877 Sir Richard Temple (b. 1826 - d. 1902) 8 Jan 1877 - 15 Jul 1879 Ashley Eden (acting to 1 Jun 1877) (b. 1831 - d. 1887) (from 25 May 1878, Sir Ashley Eden) 15 Jul 1879 - 24 Apr 1882 Sir Stewart Colvin Bayley (b. 1836 - d. 1925) (1st time) (acting to 1 Dec 1879) 24 Apr 1882 - 2 Apr 1887 Augustus Rivers Thompson (b. 1829 - d. 1890) (from 1 Jan 1885, Sir Augustus Rivers Thompson)11 Aug 1885 - 17 Sep 1885 Horace Abel Cockerell (b. 1832 - d. 1908) (acting for Thompson) 2 Apr 1887 - 17 Dec 1890 Sir Stewart Colvin Bayley (s.a.) (2nd time) 17 Dec 1890 - 18 Dec 1895 Sir Charles Alfred Elliot (b. 1836 - d. 1911) 30 May 1893 - 30 Nov 1893 Sir Anthony Patrick MacDonnell (b. 1844 - d. 1925) (acting for Elliott) 18 Dec 1893 - 23 Jun 1897 Sir Alexander Mackenzie (b. 1842 - d. 1902) 23 Jun 1897 - 6 Apr 1898 Charles Cecil Stevens (b. 1841 - d. 1909) (acting to 21 Dec 1897) 7 Apr 1898 - 21 Nov 1902 Sir John Woodburn (b. 1848 - d. 1902) 22 Nov 1902 - 2 Nov 1903 James Austen Bourdillon (acting) (b. 1848 - d. 1913) 2 Nov 1903 - 1 Dec 1908 Sir Arthur Henderson Leith Fraser (b. 1848 - d. 1919) 10 Apr 1906 - 16 Aug 1906 Lancelot Hare (b. 1851 - d. 1922) (acting for Fraser) 16 Aug 1906 - 8 Oct 1906 Francis Alexander Slacke (b. 1853 - d. 1940) (acting for Fraser) 1 Dec 1908 - 14 Jul 1911 Sir Edward Norman Baker (b. 1857 - d. 1913) 14 Jul 1911 - 1 Apr 1912 Frederick William Duke (b. 1863 - d. 1924) (from 12 Dec 1911, Sir Frederick William Duke) Governors of Bengal 1 Apr 1912 - 26 Mar 1917 Thomas David Gibson-Carmichael, (b. 1859 - d. 1926) Baron Carmichael of Skirling 26 Mar 1917 - 28 Mar 1922 Lawrence John Lumley Dundas, (b. 1876 - d. 1961) Earl of Ronaldshay 28 Mar 1922 Henry Wheeler (acting) (b. 1870 - d. 1950) 28 Mar 1922 - 28 Mar 1927 Victor Alexander George Robert (b. 1876 - d. 1947) Bulwer-Lytton, Earl of Lytton 10 Apr 1925 - 6 Aug 1925 Sir John Henry Kerr (b. 1871 - d. 1934) (acting for Earl Lytton) 10 Jun 1926 - 9 Oct 1926 Sir Hugh Lansdowne Stephenson (b. 1871 - d. 1950) (1st time)(acting for Earl Lytton)28 Mar 1927 - 29 Mar 1932 Sir Francis Stanley Jackson (b. 1870 - d. 1947) 5 Jun 1930 - 21 Sep 1930 Sir Hugh Lansdowne Stephenson (s.a.) (2nd time)(acting for Jackson)29 Mar 1932 - 27 Nov 1937 Sir John Anderson (1st time) (b. 1882 - d. 1958) 10 Aug 1934 - 2 Dec 1934 Sir John Ackroyd Woodhead (b. 1881 - d. 1973) (1st time) (acting for Anderson) 27 Nov 1937 - 23 Feb 1939 Michael Herbert Rudolph (b. 1895 - d. 1939) Knatchbull-Hugessen, Baron Brabourne 25 Jun 1938 - 24 Oct 1938 Sir Robert Neil Reid (1st time) (b. 1883 - d. 1964) (acting for Baron Brabourne) 24 Feb 1939 - 12 Jun 1939 Sir Robert Neil Reid (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 12 Jun 1939 - 18 Nov 1939 Sir John Ackroyd Woodhead (s.a.) (2nd time) 18 Nov 1939 - 6 Sep 1943 Sir John Arthur Herbert (b. 1895 - d. 1943) 6 Sep 1943 - 22 Jan 1944 Sir Thomas George Rutherford (b. 1886 - d. 1957) (1st time) (acting) 22 Jan 1944 - 19 Feb 1946 Richard Gardiner Casey (b. 1890 - d. 1976) 13 Sep 1945 - 12 Oct 1945 Sir Thomas George Rutherford (s.a.) (2nd time) (acting for Casey) 19 Feb 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Sir Frederick John Burrows (b. 1887 - d. 1973)

Leading ministers (informal; governors were presidents of the Executive Council ex-officio) Jan 1921 - Jan 1924 Surendra Nath Banerjee (b. 1848 - d. 1925) NLFI (from 11 Feb 1921, Sir Surendra Nath Banerjee) Jan 1924 - Aug 1924 Abul Kashem Fazlul Huq (b. 1873 - d. 1962) KPP Aug 1924 - Jan 1927 No ministers Jan 1927 - Sep 1927 Abdul Karim Ghuznavi (b. 1872 – d. 1929) MLA Sep 1927 - Aug 1928 Sir Provash Chunder Mitter (b. 1874 – d. 1934) NLFI Aug 1928 - Feb 1929 Nawab Mosharruf Hossain (b. 1871 – d. 1966) BUMP 1929 - Aug 1930 Kumar Shib Shekhareswar Ray (b. 1887 - d. 19..) 1930 - 1937 Nawab Kazi Golam Mohiuddin (b. 1891 – d. 1984) ML "K.G.M." Faroqui Chief ministers 1 Apr 1937 - 24 Apr 1943 Abul Kashem Fazlul Huq (s.a.) KPP 24 Apr 1943 - 28 Mar 1945 Khawaja Nazimuddin (b. 1894 - d. 1964) BPML 28 Mar 1945 - 3 Jul 1946 Governor's Rule 3 Jun 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy (b. 1893 - d. 1963) BPML - head of "shadow ministry" in preparation for partition of West Bengal - 3 Jul 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Prafulla Chandra Ghosh (b. 1891 - d. 1983) INC

Bihar and Orissa

1756 Bihar part ofBengal. 14 Oct 1803 Orissa occupiedby U.K. 1 Apr 1912 Separated from Bengal as Bihar and Orissa province. 1 Apr 1936 Bihar and Orissa become separate provinces. 1 Apr 1937 Bihar and Orissa provinces granted self-rule. 15 Aug 1947 Part of independent India (as provinces ofBiharandOrissa).

Lieutenant governors 1 Apr 1912 - 19 Nov 1915 Sir Charles Stuart Bayley (b. 1854 - d. 1935) 19 Nov 1915 - 29 Dec 1920 Sir Edward Albert Gait (b. 1863 - d. 1950) 5 Apr 1918 - 12 Jul 1918 Sir Edward Vere Levinge (b. 1867 - d. 1954) (acting for Gait) Governors 29 Dec 1920 - 29 Nov 1921 Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, (b. 1864 - d. 1928) Baron Sinha of Raipur 29 Nov 1921 - 12 Apr 1922 Havilland Le Mesurier (acting) (b. 1866 - d. 1931) (from 2 Jan 1922, Sir Havilland Le Mesurier) 12 Apr 1922 - 7 Apr 1927 Sir Henry Wheeler (b. 1870 - d. 1950) 7 Apr 1927 - 7 Apr 1932 Sir Hugh Lansdowne Stephenson (b. 1871 - d. 1950) 7 Apr 1932 - 1 Apr 1936 Sir James David Sifton (b. 1878 - d. 1952)

Leading ministers (informal; governors were presidents of the Executive Council ex-officio) Jan 1921 - 1933 Saiyid Muhammad Fakhruddin (b. 1868 – d. 1933) (from 1 Jan 1924, Sir Saiyid Muhammad Fakhruddin) 1933 - 1 Apr 1936 Sir Ganesh Dutta Singh (b. 1868 – d. 1943)

Bihar

Governors 1 Apr 1936 - 11 Mar 1937 Sir James David Sifton (s.a.) 11 Mar 1937 - 5 Aug 1939 Sir Maurice Garnier Hallett (b. 1883 - d. 1969) 5 Aug 1939 - 9 Jan 1943 Sir Thomas Alexander Stewart (b. 1888 - d. 1964) (acting to Sep 1939) 9 Jan 1943 - 13 May 1946 Thomas George Rutherford (b. 1886 - d. 1957) (from 19 Mar 1943, Sir Thomas George Rutherford) 6 Sep 1943 - 24 Apr 1944 Sir Robert Francis Mudie (b. 1890 - d. 1976) (acting for Rutherford) 13 May 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Sir Hugh Dow (b. 1886 - d. 1978)

Leading minister (informal; governors were presidents of the Executive Council ex-officio) 1936 - 1937 Sir Ganesh Dutta Singh (s.a.) Chief ministers 1 Apr 1937 - 19 Jul 1937 Muhammad Yunus (b. 1884 - d. 1952) MIP20 Jul 1937 - 31 Oct 1939 Srikrishna Sinha (1st time) (b. 1888 - d. 1961) INC 31 Oct 1939 - 23 Mar 1946 Governor's Rule 23 Mar 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Srikrishna Sinha (2nd time) (s.a.) INC

Orissa

Governors 1 Apr 1936 - 1 Apr 1941 Sir John Austen Hubback (b. 1878 - d. 1968) 11 Aug 1938 - 8 Dec 1938 George Townsend Boag (b. 1884 - d. 1969) (acting for Hubback) 1 Apr 1941 - 1 Apr 1946 Sir William Hawthorne Lewis (b. 1888 - d. 1970) 1 Apr 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Sir Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi (b. 1893 - d. 1981)

Chief ministers 1 Apr 1937 - 19 Jul 1937 Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (b. 1892 - d. 1974) Non-party Narayan Deo (1st time) 19 Jul 1937 - 4 Nov 1939 Biswanath Das (b. 1889 - d. 1984) INC 4 Nov 1939 - 24 Nov 1941 Governor's Rule 24 Nov 1941 - 29 Jun 1944 Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (s.a.) Non-party Narayan Deo (2nd time) 29 Jun 1944 - 23 Apr 1946 Governor's Rule 23 Apr 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Harekrushna Mahatab (b. 1899 - d. 1987) INC

Bombay

23 Jun 1661 Bombay Island and its dependencies ceded to England by Portugal. 18 Sep 1662 English arrive to take possession, but are rebuffed by local Portuguese authorities. 16 Aug 1663 King of Portugal orders the cession to take place. 23 Nov 1663 English forced to do battle with Portuguese.18Feb 1665 Final cession of Bombay to England (without its dependencies) as a crown colony. 27 Mar 1668 Charles II cedes administration of Bombay to East India Company. 23 Sep 1668 - 2 May 1685 Bombay part of Presidency ofSurat; under British East India Company rule (to 1858). 27 Dec 1683 - 19 Nov 1684 Keigwin's rebellion against East India Company authority in favor of the King. 2 May 1687 - Jul 1703 Surat part of Bombay (seat of the Presidency moved from Surat to Bombay in 1687). 26 Dec 1715 Presidency of Surat officially renamed the Presidency of Bombay. 20 Oct 1774 Presidency of Bombay subordinated to the governor-general in Bengal. 16 Jun 1834 Legislative powers of the presidency transferred to the unified government of the British India. Sep 1839 - 1 Apr 1932 Aden (seeYemen) part of Bombay. Jun 1843 - 1 Apr 1936 Sindpart of Bombay. 1 Nov 1858 Presidency of Bombay a regular province. 1 Apr 1936 Bombay Province. 1 Apr 1937 Self-rule granted. 15 Aug 1947 Part of independent India (as Bombay province).

Governor and General of the City of Bombay(on Angediva Island) 19 Mar 1662 - Oct 1664 Sir Abraham Shipman (b. c.1610 - d. 1664) (died before accepting cession of Bombay) Governors of Bombay (subordinated to Surat 23 Sep 1668 - 2 May 1687) Oct 1664 - 5 Nov 1666 Humfrey (Humphrey) Cooke (acting) (in Bombay from 18 Feb 1665) 5 Nov 1666 - 21 May 1667 Sir Gervase Lucas (b. 1611 - d. 1667) 22 May 1667 - 23 Sep 1668 Henry Gary (acting) (d. 169.) 23 Sep 1668 - 2 May 1687 the presidents of Surat Deputy Governors in Bombay (representing the Governors who reside in Surat to 1687) 23 Sep 1668 - Jan 1699 John Goodier 19 Jan 1699 - 13 Nov 1699 Henry Young 13 Nov 1699 - Feb 1670 James Addams + five commissioners Feb 1670 - Sep 1670 Matthew Gray Sep 1670 - Sep 1672 PhillipGyffard (Gifford)(1st time)(d. 1676) Sep 1672 - Aug 1674 John Shaxton Aug 1674 - Jun 1675 Vacant Jun 1675 - Nov 1676 Phillip Gyffard (Gifford)(2nd time)(s.a.) Nov 1676 - Dec 1677 John Pettit (d. 1684) Dec 1677 - Sep 1679 Sir Henry Oxenden (b. 1645 – d. 1709) Sep 1676 - Dec 1681 John Child (b. 1637 – d. 1690) Dec 1681 - 9 Feb 1682 Mansell Smith 9 Feb 1682 - 27 Dec 1683 Charles Ward (prisoner of Keigwin27 Dec 1683 - 19 Nov 1684) 27 Dec 1683 - 19 Nov 1684 Richard Keigwin (in rebellion) (b. 1647 - d. 1690)19 Nov 1684 - 1685 Charles Zinzan (b. 16.. - d. 1714) 1685 - 1689 Sir John Wyborne (b. 1650? - d. 1708) Presidents of Surat and Governors of Bombay 1687 - 4 Feb 1690 Sir John Child (s.a.) (also Captain General and Admiral of India) 4 Feb 1690 - 10 May 1694 Bartholomew Harris (acting) (b. 1648/49 – d. 1694) (Mughal prisoner in Surat Dec 1688 - 28 Apr 1690)
10 May 1694 - 17 May 1694 Daniel Annesley (acting) 17 May 1694 - Nov 1704 Sir John Gayer (b. 1651 - d. 1711) (from 1703 confined by the Mughals in Surat)Nov 1704 - Sep 1708 Sir Nicholas Waite (d. c.1715) Sep 1708 - 11 Oct 1715 William Aislabie (b. 1671 - d. 1725)11 Oct 1715 - 26 Dec 1715 Stephen Strutt (acting) (d. 1721)Presidents and Governors of Bombay 26 Dec 1715 - 9 Jan 1722 Charles Boone (d. 1735) 9 Jan 1722 - 10 Jan 1729 William Phipps (d. 1748) 10 Jan 1729 - 22 Sep 1734 Robert Cowan (d. 1737) 22 Sep 1734 - 7 Apr 1739 John Horne (d. 1755) 7 Apr 1739 - 15 Nov 1742 Stephen Law (b. 1699 - d. 1787) 15 Nov 1742 - 26 Nov 1742 John Geekie (acting) 26 Nov 1742 - 17 Nov 1750 William Wake (d. 1751) 17 Nov 1750 - 28 Feb 1760 Richard Bourchier (b. c.1700 - d. 1770) 28 Feb 1760 - 27 Jan 1767 Charles Crommelin (b. 1717 - d. 1788) 27 Jan 1767 - 23 Feb 1771 Thomas Hodges (d. 1771) 26 Feb 1771 - 1 Jan 1784 William Hornby (b. 1723 - d. 1803) 1 Jan 1784 - 6 Jan 1785 Rawson Hart Bodham (b. 1734- d. 1812) Governors of Bombay 6 Jan 1785 - 9 Jan 1788 Rawson Hart Bodham (s.a.) 9 Jan 1788 - 6 Sep 1788 Andrew Ramsay Karr (acting) (b. 1739? - d. 1799) 6 Sep 1788 - 21 Jan 1790 Sir William Medows (b. 1738 - d. 1813) 21 Jan 1790 - 26 Nov 1792 Sir Robert Abercromby (b. 1740 - d. 1827) 26 Nov 1792 - 9 Nov 1795 George Dick (acting) (b. 1739 - d. 1818) 9 Nov 1795 - 27 Dec 1795 John Griffith (acting) 27 Dec 1795 - 11 Aug 1811 Jonathan Duncan (b. 1756 - d. 1811) 11 Aug 1811 - 12 Aug 1812 George Brown (acting) (b. 1775 - d. 1819) 12 Aug 1812 - 1 Nov 1819 Sir Evan Nepean (b. 1751 - d. 1822) 1 Nov 1819 - 1 Nov 1827 Mountstuart Elphinstone (b. 1779 - d. 1859) 1 Nov 1827 - 1 Dec 1830 Sir John Malcolm (b. 1769 - d. 1833) 1 Dec 1830 - 15 Jan 1831 Sir Thomas Sidney Beckwith (acting)(b. 1772 - d. 1831) 17 Jan 1831 - 21 Mar 1831 John Romer (acting) (b. 1780 - d. 1858) 21 Mar 1831 - 17 Mar 1835 John Fitzgibbon, Earl of Clare (b. 1792 - d. 1851) 17 Mar 1835 - 9 Jul 1838 Sir Robert Grant (b. 1779 - d. 1838) 11 Jul 1838 - 31 May 1839 James Farish (acting) (b. 1791 - d. 1873) 31 May 1839 - 28 Apr 1841 Sir James Rivett-Carnac (b. 1785 - d. 1846) 28 Apr 1841 - 9 Jun 1842 George William Anderson (acting) (b. 1791 - d. 1857) 9 Jun 1842 - 6 Aug 1846 Sir George Arthur (b. 1784 - d. 1854) 6 Aug 1846 - 23 Jan 1847 Lestock Robert Reid (acting) (b. 1799 - d. 1878) 23 Jan 1847 - 1 May 1848 George Russell Clerk (1st time) (b. 1800 - d. 1889) (from 27 Apr 1848, Sir George Russell Clerk) (acting) 1 May 1848 - 26 Dec 1853 Lucius Bentinck Carey, Viscount (b. 1803 - d. 1884) Falkland 26 Dec 1853 - 11 May 1860 John Elphinstone, Baron (b. 1807 - d. 1860) Elphinstone 11 May 1860 - 24 Apr 1862 Sir George Russell Clerk (2nd time)(s.a.) (acting) 24 Apr 1862 - 6 Mar 1867 Henry Bartle Edward Frere (b. 1815 - d. 1884) (from 12 Feb 1866, Sir Henry Bartle Edward Frere) 6 Mar 1867 - 6 May 1872 William Robert Seymour Vesey (b. 1818 - d. 1885) Fitzgerald (from 22 Oct 1867, Sir William Robert Seymour Vesey Fitzgerald) 6 May 1872 - 30 Apr 1877 Sir Philip Edmond Wodehouse (b. 1811 - d. 1887) 30 Apr 1877 - 13 Mar 1880 Sir Richard Temple, Baron Nash (b. 1826 - d. 1902) 13 Mar 1880 - 28 Apr 1880 Lionel Robert Ashburner (acting) (b. 1827 - d. 1907) 28 Apr 1880 - 27 Mar 1885 Sir James Fergusson (b. 1823 - d. 1907) 27 Mar 1885 - 30 Mar 1885 James Braithwaite Peile (acting) (b. 1833 - d. 1906) 30 Mar 1885 - 12 Apr 1890 Donald James Mackay, Baron Reay (b. 1839 - d. 1921) 12 Apr 1890 - 16 Feb 1895 George Robert Canning Harris, (b. 1851 - d. 1932) Baron Harris 16 Feb 1895 - 18 Feb 1895 Herbert Mills Birdwood (acting) (b. 1837 - d. 1907) 18 Feb 1895 - 17 Feb 1900 William Mansfield, Baron Sandhurst (b. 1857 - d. 1933) 17 Feb 1900 - 5 Sep 1903 Henry Stafford Northcote,Baron Northcote (b. 1846 - d. 1911) 5 Sep 1903 - 12 Dec 1903 Sir James Monteath (acting) (b. 1847 - d. 1929) 12 Dec 1903 - 28 Jul 1907 Charles Wallace Alexander Napier (b. 1860 - d. 1940) Cochrane-Baillie, Baron Lamington 28 Jul 1907 - 18 Oct 1907 John William PittMuir-Mackenzie (b. 1854 - d. 1916) (acting) 18 Oct 1907 - 4 Apr 1913 Sir George Sydenham Clarke (b. 1848 - d. 1933) 4 Apr 1913 - 17 Dec 1918 Freeman Freeman-Thomas, Baron Willingdon (b. 1866 - d. 1941) 17 Dec 1918 - 8 Dec 1923 Sir George Ambrose Lloyd (b. 1879 - d. 1941) 8 Dec 1923 - 10 Dec 1923 Sir Maurice Hayward (acting) (b. 1868 - d. 1964) 10 Dec 1923 - 8 Dec 1928 Sir Leslie Orme Wilson (b. 1876 - d. 1955) 20 Mar 1926 - 19 Jul 1926 Sir Henry Staveley Lawrence (b. 1870 - d. 1949) (acting for Wilson) 8 Dec 1928 - 25 Apr 1931 Sir Frederick Hugh Sykes (b. 1877 - d. 1954) 25 Apr 1931 - 18 Sep 1937 Michael Herbert Rudolph (b. 1895 - d. 1939) Knatchbull-Hugessen,Baron Brabourne 30 May 1936 - 29 Sep 1936 Sir Robert Duncan Bell (b. 1878 - d. 1953) (acting for Brabourne) 18 Sep 1937 - 24 Mar 1943 Sir Lawrence Roger Lumley (b. 1896 - d. 1969) 24 Mar 1943 - 14 Aug 1947 Sir David John Colville (b. 1894 - d. 1954)

Leading ministers (informal; governors were presidents of the Executive Council ex-officio) Jan 1921 - Jun 1928 Sheikh Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah (b. 1879 – d. 1948) (from 1 Jan 1926, Sheikh Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah) 1928 - 1930 Harilal Desaibhai Desai 1930 – 1932 Maulvi Rafiuddin Ahmed (b. 1865 – d. 1954) (from 1 Jan 1932, Maulvi Sir Rafiuddin Ahmed) 1932 - 1933 Sardar Sir Rustom Jehangir Vakil (b. 1880 – d. 1933) 1933 - 1937 Sidappa Totappa Kambli (b. 1882 – d. 1956) NBP Chief ministers 1 Apr 1937 - 19 Jul 1937 Sir Dhanjishah Bomanjee Cooper (b. 1878 - d. 1947) Non-party (interim) 19 Jul 1937 - 4 Nov 1939 Bal Gangadhar Kher (1st time) (b. 1888 - d. 1957) INC 4 Nov 1939 - 30 Mar 1946 Governor's Rule 30 Mar 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Bal Gangadhar Kher (2nd time) (s.a.) INC

British (Lower) Burma (1862-1937): see Myanmar

Central Provinces and Berar

11 Dec 1853 Nagpur state formally annexed to British India. 11 Dec 1853 - Nov 1861 Part (a division) of Bengal. Nov 1861 Nagpur united with Saugor and Nerbudda territories (also a part of Bengal) as the Central Provinces, a separate province. 1 Oct 1903 Berar (perpetually leased from Haydarabad) administered by Central Provinces. 24 Oct 1936 Central Provinces formally united with Berar as Central Provinces and Berar. 1 Apr 1937 Self-rule granted. 15 Aug 1947 Part of independent India (as Central Provinces and Berar).

Commissioners at Nagpur 13 Mar 1854 - 1854 Charles Grenville Mansel (b. 1806 - d. 1886) 1854 - 20 Aug 1855 Edward King Elliot (1st time) (b. 1811 - d. 1865) 20 Aug 1855 - 1860 George Augustus Chicheley Plowden (b. 1810 - d. 1871)1860– 11 Dec 1861 Edward King Elliot (2nd time) (s.a.)Chief Commissioners of the Central Provinces 11 Dec 1861 – 27 Feb 1862 Edward King Elliot (1st time) (s.a.) (acting to 11 Dec 1861)27 Feb 1862 – 25 Apr 1862 James Knox Spence (acting) (b. 1810 - d. 1890)25 Apr 1862 – 18 Dec 1863 Richard Temple (1st time) (b. 1826 - d. 1902) (acting)18 Dec 1863 – 12 Mar 1864 Edward King Elliot (2nd time) (s.a.)12 Mar 1864 - 17 Mar 1864 John Scarlett Campbell (1st time) (b. 1828 - d. 1897) (acting)17 Mar 1864 -24 Apr 1865 Richard Temple (2nd time) (s.a.)24 Apr 1865 - 6 Nov 1865 John Scarlett Campbell (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 6 Nov 1865 - 4 Apr 1866 Richard Temple (3rd time) (s.a.) 4 Apr 1867 – 27 Nov 1867 John Henry Morris (1st time) (b. 1828 - d. 1896) (acting)27 Nov 1867 – 16 Apr 1868 George Campbell (b. 1824 – d. 1892)16 Apr 1868 - 8 Jul 1870 John Henry Morris (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting to 27 May 1870) 8 Jul 1870 - 6 Jul 1872 Richard Harte Keatinge (acting) (b. 1825 - d. 1904) 6 Jul 1872 – 11 Apr 1879 John Henry Morris (3rd time) (s.a.)11 Apr 1879 – 15 Nov 1879 Charles Grant (acting) (b. 1836 - d. 1903)15 Nov 1879 – 30 Apr 1883 John Henry Morris (4th time) (s.a.)30 Apr 1883 - 1 Apr 1884 William Brittain Jones (b. 1834 - d. 1912) 1 Apr 1884 – 15 Dec 1885 Charles Haukes Todd Crosthwaite (b. 1835 - d. 1915) (acting to 27 Jan 1885) 15 Dec 1885 – 19 Feb 1887 Dennis Fitzpatrick (acting) (b. 1827 - d. 1920)19 Feb 1887 – 27 Mar 1887 John William Neill (1st time) (b. 1845 - d. ....) (acting)24 Mar 1887 - 22 Jul 1889 Alexander Mackenzie (1st time) (b. 1842 - d. 1902)22 Jul 1889 - 7 Oct 1889 Robert Joseph Crosthwaite (acting) (b. 1841 - d. 1917) 7 Oct 1889 – 18 Nov 1890 Alexander Mackenzie (2nd time) (s.a.)18 Nov 1890 – 28 Jan 1891 John William Neill (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting)28 Jan 1891 – 25 May 1893 Anthony Patrick Macdonnell (b. 1844 - d. 1925) (from 2 Jan 1893, Sir Antony Patrick MacDonnell)25 May 1893 – 21 Dec 1895 John Woodburn (b. 1843 - d. 1902) (acting to 30 Nov 1893)21 Dec 1895 – 14 Jul 1898 Charles James Lyall (b. 1845 - d. 1920) (from 22 Jun 1897, Sir Charles James Lyall) 14 Jul 1898 – 27 Nov 1899 Denzil Charles Jelf Ibbetson (b. 1847 - d. 1908)27 Nov 1899 – 16 Sep 1902 Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser (b. 1848 - d. 1919) (acting to 5 Mar 1902) 16 Sep 1902 – 18 Mar 1904 John Prescott Hewett (b. 1854 - d. 1941) (acting to 2 Nov 1903)18 Mar 1904 - 4 May 1905 Frederick Styles Philpin Lely (b. 1846 - d. 1934) (from 2 Jan 1905, Sir Frederic Styles Philpin Lely) (acting to 23 Dec 1904) 4 May 1905 - 25 Mar 1907 John Ontario Miller (b. 1857 - d. 1943) 27 Jul 1906 - 21 Oct 1906 Stanley Ismay (acting for Miller) (b. 1848 - d. 1914) 5 Mar 1907 - 24 Mar 1907 Francis Angelo Theodore Phillips (b. 1857 - d. 1935) (acting for Miller) 25 Mar 1907 - 26 Jan 1912 Reginald Henry Craddock (b. 1864 - d. 1937) (from 12 Dec 1911, Sir Reginald Craddock) 26 Jan 1912 - 17 Feb 1912 Henry Ashbrooke Crump (acting) (b. 1863 - d. 1941) 17 Feb 1912 - 3 Aug 1912 Maurice Walter Fox-Strangways (b. 1862 - d. 1938) (acting) 3 Aug 1912 - 26 Jan 1920 Sir Benjamin Robertson (b. 1864 - d. 1953) 1 Jan 1914 – 9 Apr 1914 Henry Ashbrooke Crump (s.a.) (acting for Robertson) 26 Jan 1920 - 17 Dec 1920 Sir Frank George Sly (b. 1876 - d. 1932) Governors 17 Dec 1920 - 26 Jan 1925 Sir Frank George Sly (s.a.) 26 Jan 1925 - 19 Aug 1927 Sir Montagu Sherard Dawes Butler (b. 1873 - d. 1952) (1st time) 19 Aug 1927 - 16 Dec 1927 John Thomas Marten (acting) (b. 1872 - d. 1929) 16 Dec 1927 - 29 Nov 1929 Sir Montagu Sherard Dawes Butler (s.a.) (2nd time) 29 Nov 1929 - 29 Mar 1930 Shripad Balwant Tambe (acting) (b. 1875 - d. 1958) 29 Mar 1930 - 29 Jul 1932 Sir Montagu Sherard Dawes Butler (s.a.) (3rd time) 29 Jul 1932 - 25 Nov 1932 Arthur Edward Nelson (acting) (b. 1875 - d. 1950) 25 Nov 1932 - 15 Sep 1933 Sir Hyde Clarendon Gowan (1st time)(b. 1878 - d. 1938) 15 Sep 1933 - 15 May 1936 Sir Montagu Sherard Dawes Butler (s.a.) (4th time) 15 May 1935 - 11 Sep 1936 E. Raghavendra Rao (acting) (b. 1889 - d. 1942) 11 Sep 1936 - 3 Mar 1938 Sir Hyde Clarendon Gowan (2nd time)(s.a.) 3 Mar 1938 - 27 May 1938 Hugh Bomford (acting) (b. 1882 - d. 1939) 28 May 1938 - 1 Jun 1940 Sir Francis Verner Wylie (b. 1891 - d. 1970) 1 Jun 1940 - 16 Sep 1946 Henry Joseph Twynam (b. 1887 - d. 1966) (from 4 Oct 1940, Sir Henry Joseph Twynam) (acting to 1 Oct 1940) 16 Sep 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne (b. 1891 - d. 1977)

Leading ministers (informal; governors were presidents of the Executive Council ex-officio) Jan 1921 - 1922 Shankar Rao Madhav Chitnavis (b. 1867 – d. 1931) LP (1st time) 1922 - 1923 Narayan Krishna Kelkar 1923 - 1924 Shankar Rao Madhav Chitnavis (s.a.) LP (2nd time) 1924 - 1927 No ministers 1927 - 1929 E. Raghavendra Rao (1st time) (s.a.) ICP 1929 – 1930 Ramrao Madhav Rao Deshmukh (b. 1892 - d. 1981) 1930 – 1931 Prabhat Chandra Bose 1931 - 1933 Gajadhar Prasad Jaiswal (b. 1889 - d. 19..) DP 1933 - 1934 E. Raghavendra Rao (2nd time) (s.a.) DP Mar 1934 - 1937 Balkrishna Ganesh Khaparde (b. 1882 – d. 1968) JP Chief ministers 1 Apr 1937 - 14 Jul 1937 E. Raghavendra Rao (s.a.) Non-party
14 Jul 1937 - 29 Jul 1938 Narayan Bhaskar Khare (b. 1882 – d. 1970) INC 29 Jul 1938 - Dec 1939 Ravi Shankar Shukla (1st time) (b. 1877 - d. 1956) INCDec 1939 - 20 Apr 1946 Governor's Rule 20 Apr 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Ravi Shankar Shukla (2nd time) (s.a.) INC

Berar

21 May 1853 Berar perpetually leased by the Hyderabad state to the British, administered as a province of British India. 1 Oct 1903 Berar (perpetually leased by Hyderabad) falls underthe British administration of Central Provinces.24 Oct 1936 Central Provinces formally united with Berar asCentral Provinces and Berar.Chief commissioners21 May 1853 - 1 Oct 1903 the British residents to Hyderabad

Coorg

10 Apr 1834 Coorg state annexed by U.K. 10 Apr 1834 - 24 Feb 1869 Part of Madras. 24 Feb 1869 A separate province. 15 Aug 1947 Part of independent India (as Coorg province).

Chief commissioners24 Feb 1869 - 25 Mar 1881 the (chief) commissioners ofMysore25 Mar 1881 - 1 Jul 1940 the British residents in Mysore 1 Jul 1940 - 26 Apr 1943 Joseph William Pritchard (b. 1903 - d. 1963) 26 Apr 1943 - 14 Aug 1947 Diwan Bahadur Ketoli Chengappa (b. 1878 - d. 1963)

Delhi

30 Dec 1803 British acquired "protection" over Delhi from the Maratha by the British-Maratha treaty (area called "the Assigned Tract").1819 Delhi territory, part ofBengal; with the remaining governing authority of the Mugal ruler ended, the ruler remains a British pensioner (with authority within the palace and certain jagirs for his maintenance). 29 May 1832 - 11 Dec 1858 Part (division) of North-Western Provinces (seeUnited Provinces) (nominal but anomalous authority of the Mughal Emperor is ended). 11 Dec 1858 - 17 Sep 1912 Part of Punjab. 17 Sep 1912 Delhi a separate province. 15 Aug 1947 Part of independent India (asDelhiprovince).

Civil Commissioner for Delhi30 Jan 1819 – 20 Feb 1821 Thomas Fortescue (b. 1784 - d. 1872) Residents and Chief Commissioners 1821 - 1832 the residents to Delhi (see underIndia) Chief commissioners 1 Oct 1912 - 7 Nov 1918 William Malcolm Hailey (b. 1872 - d. 1969) 7 Nov 1918 - 31 Mar 1924 Claud Alexander Barron (b. 1871 - d. 1948) 31 Mar 1924 - 15 Apr 1926 Evelyn Robins Abbott (b. 1873 - d. 1950) 15 Apr 1926 - 29 Mar 1928 Alexander Montague Stow (b. 1873 - d. 1936) 29 Mar 1928 - 7 Aug 1928 John Nesbitt Gordon Johnson (b. 1885 - d. 1955) (1st time) (acting) 8 Aug 1928 - 21 Mar 1932 Sir John Perronet Thompson (b. 1873 - d. 1935) 21 Mar 1932 - 21 Mar 1937 John Nesbitt Gordon Johnson (s.a.) (2nd time) 21 Mar 1937 - 1 Jul 1940 Evan Meredith Jenkins (b. 1896 - d. 1985) 1 Jul 1940 - 6 Sep 1945 Arthur Vivian Askwith (b. 1893 - d. 1971) 6 Sep 1945 - 14 Aug 1947 William Christie (b. 1896 - d. 1983)

Madras

1523 - 21 Oct 1749 Portuguese settlement near Madras named São Tomé de Meliapore (Saint Thomas of Mylapore)(see Portuguese India dependencies). 22 Aug 1639 Fort Saint George founded by English East India Company. 1 Mar 1640 Madras an English possession (Presidency of Fort St. George), under British East India Company rule (to 1858). 1 Mar 1640 Madras Agency (subordinated toBantamin the East Indies to 1652). 24 Sep 1641 Agency transferred from Masulipatam to Madras. 1652 - 1655 Presidency of Fort St. George in Madras. 1655 - 1684 Madras Agency 16 Jun 1684 Presidency of Fort St. George in Madras (restored).1685 – 1760 Bencoolen subordinated to Madras. 1 Mar 1690 British aquire Tegnapatam which becomes Fort St. David. 10 Sep 1746 - 21 Aug 1749 French occupation (British government fled to Fort St. David). 2 Oct 1749 British take overSão Toméde Meliapore (agreed 15 Aug 1749). 20 Oct 1774 Presidency subordinated to the governor-general of in Bengal. 16 Jun 1834 Legislative powers of the presidency transferred to the unified government of the British India. 1 Nov 1858 Presidency of Fort St. George in Madras a regular province. 1 Apr 1936 Madras Province. 1 Apr 1937 Self-rule granted. 15 Aug 1947 Part of independent India (as Madras province).

Agents 20 Feb 1640 - 24 Aug 1643 Andrew Cogan (d. 1660) 27 Aug 1643 - 4 Aug 1644 Francis Day (b. 1605 - d. 1673) 4 Aug 1644 - 23 Sep 1648 Thomas Ivie (d. 1694/95) 23 Sep 1648 - 1 Sep 1652 Thomas Greenhill (1st time) (b. 1611/12 - d. 1659) 1 Sep 1652 - 20 Jan 1655 Aaron Baker -President (b. 1620 - d. 1683) 20 Jan 1655 - 4 Jan 1659 Thomas Greenhill (2nd time) (s.a.) 4 Jan 1659 - 1 Aug 1662 Thomas Chambers (d. 1692) 1 Aug 1662 - 27 Aug 1662 William Blake (provisional) 27 Aug 1662 - 22 Sep 1662 Charles Proby (provisional) 22 Sep 1662 - 22 Jun 1665 Sir Edward Winter (1st time) (b. 1622 - d. 1686) 22 Jun 1665 - 14 Sep 1665 George Foxcraft (1st time) (b. c.1634 - d. 1715) 16 Sep 1665 - 22 Aug 1668 Sir Edward Winter (2nd time) (s.a.) (in rebellion) 22 Aug 1668 - 18 Jan 1672 George Foxcraft (2nd time) (s.a.) Agents and Governors 18 Jan 1672 - 27 Jan 1678 Sir William Langhorn (Langhorne) (b. c.1634 - d. 1715)27 Jan 1678 - 1 Aug 1679 Streynsham Master (1st time) (b. 1640 - d. 1724) 1 Aug 1679 - 25 Jan 1680 Joseph Hynmers (acting) (d. 1680)25 Jan 1680 - 3 Jul 1681 Streynsham Master (2nd time) (s.a.) 3 Jul 1681 - 16 Jun 1684 William Gyfford (Gifford) (d. af.1687)
Presidents for the Affairs on the Coast of Choromandell, etc. and Governors of Fort St. George 16 Jun 1684 - 8 Aug 1684 William Gyfford (Gifford)(1st time) 8 Aug 1684 - 26 Jan 1685 Elihu Yale (1st time)(acting) (b. 1649 - d. 1721) (provisional governor) 26 Jan 1685 - 25 Jul 1687 William Gyfford(Gifford)(2nd time) 25 Jul 1687 - 3 Oct 1692 Elihu Yale (2nd time) (s.a.) 3 Oct 1692 - 5 Dec 1692 Nathaniel Higginson -President (b. 1652 - d. 1708) (1st time) 5 Dec 1692 - 29 Jul 1693 Sir John Goldsborough (acting) (d. 1693) (supervisor and commissary-general) 29 Jul 1693 - 7 Jul 1698 Nathaniel Higginson -President (s.a.) (2nd time) 7 Jul 1698 - 18 Sep 1709 Thomas Pitt (b. 1653 - d. 1726) 18 Sep 1709 - 17 Oct 1709 Gulston Addison (b. 1673 - d. 1709) 17 Oct 1709 - 3 Nov 1709 Edmund Montague (acting) 3 Nov 1709 - 11 Jul 1711 William Fraser (acting) 11 Jul 1711 - 8 Jan 1717 Edward Harrison (b. 1674 - d. 1732) 8 Jan 1717 - 18 Jan 1720 Joseph Collett (b. 1673 - d. 1723) 18 Jan 1720 - 15 Oct 1721 Francis Hastings (b. 16.. - d. 1721) 15 Oct 1721 - 15 Jan 1725 Nathaniel Elwick (b. 1675 - d. 1750) 15 Jan 1725 - 14 May 1730 James Macrae (b. c.1677 - d. 1744) 14 May 1730 - 23 Jan 1735 George Morton Pitt (b. 1693 - d. 1756) 23 Jan 1735 - 14 Jan 1744 Richard Benyon (b. 1698 - d. 1774) 17 Jan 1744 - 10 Sep 1746 Nicholas Morse (b. 1700 - d. 1772) Governors of the French East India Company 10 Sep 1746 - 2 Oct 1746 Bertrand François Mahé, comte (b. 1699 - d. 1753) de la Bourdonnais (acting) 2 Oct 1746 - 21 Aug 1749 Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil (b. 1714 - d. 1764) Presidents for the Affairs upon the Coast of Choromandell and in the Bay of Bengal and Governors of Fort St. George in Madras 10 Sep 1746 - 14 Apr 1747 John Hinde (in Fort St. David) (d. 1747) (deputy governor) 16 Apr 1747 - 6 Jul 1750 Charles Floyer(in Fort St. David) (b. 1715 - d. 1766) (deputy governor to 24 Jul 1747) 21 Aug 1749 - 11 Oct 1749 Edward Boscawen (b. 1711 – d. 1761) (received possession of Ft. St. George) 11 Oct 1749 - 6 Dec 1749 Stringer Lawrence (b. 1697 – d. 1775) (administrator to 11 Nov 1749, then deputy-governorof Ft. St. George) 6 Dec 1749 -c.21 Feb 1752 Richard Prince (deputy governorof Ft. St. George) 19 Sep 1750 - 14 Jan 1755 Thomas Saunders (b. 1712? - d. 1775) (in Fort St. David to 5 Apr 1752) c.21 Feb 1752 - 5 Apr 1752 Richard Starke (b. c.1720 - d. 1794) (provisionaldeputy governor of Ft. St. George) 14 Jan 1755 - 14 Nov 1763 George Pigot (1st time) (b. 1719 - d. 1777) 14 Nov 1763 - 25 Jan 1767 Robert Palk (b. 1717 - d. 1798) 25 Jan 1767 - 31 Jan 1770 Charles Bourchier (b. 1726 - d. 1810) 31 Jan 1770 - 1 Feb 1773 Josias Du Pré (b. 1721 - d. 1780) 1 Feb 1773 - 10 Dec 1775 Alexander Wynch (b. 1721 - d. 1781) 10 Dec 1775 - 23 Aug 1776 George Pigot, Baron Pigot of (s.a.) Patshull in the County of Dublin (2nd time) 23 Aug 1776 - 31 Aug 1777 George Stratton (usurper) (b. 1733 - d. 1780) 31 Aug 1777 - 8 Feb 1778 John Whitehill (1st time) (acting) (b. 1735 - d. 1788) 8 Feb 1778 - 6 Apr 1780 Thomas Rumbold (b. 1736 - d. 1791) (from 23 Mar 1779, Sir Thomas Rumbold) 6 Apr 1780 - 8 Nov 1780 John Whitehill (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.) 8 Nov 1780 - 22 Jun 1781 Charles Smith (acting) (b. 1736 - d. ....) 22 Jun 1781 - 12 Feb 1785 George Macartney, Baron Macartney (b. 1737 - d. 1806) Governors of the Presidency of Fort St. George, at Madras 12 Feb 1785 - 8 Jun 1785 George Macartney, BaronMacartney (s.a.) 8 Jun 1785 - 6 Apr 1786 Alexander Davidson (acting) (b. 1742 - d. 1791) 6 Apr 1786 - 6 Feb 1789 Sir Archibald Campbell (b. 1739 - d. 1791) 6 Feb 1789 - 13 Feb 1790 John Holland (acting) 13 Feb 1790 - 20 Feb 1790 Edward John Holland (acting) (b. 17.. - d. 1821) 20 Feb 1790 - 17 May 1790 William Medows (1st time) (b. 1738 - d. 1813) 17 May 1790 - 14 Jun 1790 John Turing (acting) (b. 17.. - d. 1809) 14 Jun 1790 - 15 Oct 1790 Morgan Williams (acting) (b. 1741 - d. 1790) 15 Oct 1790 - 21 Apr 1792 Sir Charles Oakeley (1st time) (b. 1751 - d. 1826) (acting) 21 Apr 1792 - 1 Aug 1792 William Medows (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Aug 1792 - 7 Sep 1794 Sir Charles Oakeley (2nd time) (s.a.) 7 Sep 1794 - 21 Feb 1798 Robert Hobart, Baron Hobart (b. 1760 - d. 1816) 21 Feb 1798 - 31 Aug 1798 George Harris (acting) (b. 1746 - d. 1829) 31 Aug 1798 - 31 Dec 1798 Edward Clive, Baron Powis (b. 1754 - d. 1839) (1st time) 31 Dec 1798 - 5 Sep 1799 Richard Colley Wellesley, (b. 1760 - d. 1842) Baron Wellesley (acting) 5 Sep 1799 - 30 Aug 1803 Edward Clive, Baron Powis (s.a.) (2nd time) 30 Aug 1803 - 11 Sep 1807 William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck (b. 1774 - d. 1839) 11 Sep 1807 - 24 Dec 1807 William Petrie (acting) (b. 1784 - d. 1816) 24 Dec 1807 - 21 May 1813 Sir George Hilario Barlow (b. 1762 - d. 1846) 21 May 1813 - 16 Sep 1814 John Abercromby (acting) (b. 1772 - d. 1817) 16 Sep 1814 - 10 Jun 1820 Hugh Elliot (b. 1752 – d. 1830) 10 Jun 1820 - 6 Jul 1827 Sir Thomas Munro (b. 1761 - d. 1827) 10 Jul 1827 - 18 Oct 1827 Henry Sullivan Graeme (acting) (b. 1781 - d. 1850) 18 Oct 1827 - 25 Oct 1832 Stephen Rumbold Lushington (b. 1776 - d. 1868) 25 Oct 1832 - 4 Mar 1837 Sir Frederick Adam (b. 1781 - d. 1853) 4 Mar 1837 - 6 Mar 1837 George Edward Russell (acting) (b. 1787 - d. 1863) 6 Mar 1837 - 24 Sep 1842 John Elphinstone, Baron (b. 1807 - d. 1860) Elphinstone 24 Sep 1842 - 23 Feb 1848 George Hay, Marquess of Tweeddale (b. 1787 - d. 1876) 23 Feb 1848 - 7 Apr 1848 Henry Dickinson (acting) (b. 1791 - d. 1859) 7 Apr 1848 - 24 Apr 1854 Sir Henry Eldred Pottinger (b. 1789 - d. 1856) 24 Apr 1854 - 28 Apr 1854 Daniel Eliott (acting) (b. 1798 - d. 1872) 28 Apr 1854 - 28 Mar 1859 George Francis Robert Harris, (b. 1810 - d. 1872) Baron Harris 28 Mar 1859 - 8 Jun 1860 Sir Charles Edward Trevelyan (b. 1807 - d. 1886) 8 Jun 1860 - 5 Jul 1860 William Ambrose Morehead (b. 1805 - d. 1863) (1st time) (acting) 5 Jul 1860 - 2 Aug 1860 Sir Henry George Ward (b. 1797 - d. 1860) 4 Aug 1860 - 18 Feb 1861 William Ambrose Morehead (s.a.) (2nd time) (acting) 18 Feb 1861 - 27 Mar 1866 Sir William Thomas Denison (b. 1804 - d. 1871) 26 Nov 1863 - 18 Jan 1864 Edward Maltby (acting for Denison)(b. 1812 - d. 1894) 27 Mar 1866 - 19 Feb 1872 Francis Napier, Baron Napier (b. 1819 - d. 1898) of Merchistoun 19 Feb 1872 - 15 May 1872 Alexander John Arbuthnot (acting) (b. 1822 - d. 1907) 15 May 1872 - 27 Apr 1875 Vere Henry Hobart (b. 1818 - d. 1875) 29 Apr 1875 - 23 Nov 1875 William Rose Robinson (acting) (b. 1822 - d. 1886) 23 Nov 1875 - 20 Dec 1880 Richard Plantagenet Campbell (b. 1823 - d. 1889) Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos- Grenville, Duke of Buckingham and Chandos 20 Dec 1880 - 24 May 1881 William Patrick Adam (b. 1823 - d. 1881) 24 May 1881 - 5 Nov 1881 William Huddleston (acting) (b. 1826 - d. 1894) 5 Nov 1881 - 8 Dec 1886 Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant Duff (b. 1828 - d. 1906) (from 28 Jul 1886, Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant Duff) 8 Dec 1886 - 1 Dec 1890 Robert Bourke, (from 12 May 1887) (b. 1827 - d. 1903) Baron Connemara 1 Dec 1890 - 23 Jan 1891 John Henry Garstin (acting) (b. 1838 - d. 1903) 23 Jan 1891 - 18 Mar 1896 Bentley Lawley, Baron Wenlock (b. 1849 - d. 1912) 18 Mar 1896 - 28 Dec 1900 Sir Arthur Elibank Havelock (b. 1844 - d. 1908) 28 Dec 1900 - 30 Apr 1904 Arthur Oliver Villiers-Russell, (b. 1869 - d. 1935) Baron Ampthill (1st time) 30 Apr 1904 - 13 Dec 1904 James Thompson (acting) (b. 1848 - d. 1929) 13 Dec 1904 - 15 Feb 1906 Arthur Oliver Villiers-Russell, (s.a.) Baron Ampthill (2nd time) 15 Feb 1906 - 28 Mar 1906 Gabriel Stoles (acting) (b. 1849 - d. 1920) 28 Mar 1906 - 3 Nov 1911 Sir Arthur Lawley (b. 1860 - d. 1932) 3 Nov 1911 - 30 Mar 1912 Sir Thomas David Gibson-Carmichael (b. 1859 - d. 1926) (from 9 Feb 1912, Thomas David Gibson-Carmichael, Baron Carmichael) 30 Mar 1912 - 30 Oct 1912 Sir Murray Hammick (acting) (b. 1854 - d. 1936) 30 Oct 1912 - 29 Mar 1919 John Sinclair, Baron Pentland (b. 1860 - d. 1925) 29 Mar 1919 - 10 Apr 1919 Sir Alexander Gordon Cardew (b. 1861 - d. 1937) (acting) 10 Apr 1919 - 12 Apr 1924 George Freeman Freeman-Thomas, (b. 1866 - d. 1941) Baron Willingdon 12 Apr 1924 - 14 Apr 1924 Sir Charles George Todhunter (b. 1869 - d. 1949) (acting) 14 Apr 1924 - 29 Jun 1929 George Joachim Goschen, Viscount (b. 1866 - d. 1952) Goschen of Hawkhurst 29 Jun 1929 - 11 Nov 1929 Sir Norman Edward Majoribanks (b. 1872 - d. 1939) (acting) 11 Nov 1929 - 16 May 1934 Sir George Frederick Stanley (b. 1872 - d. 1938) (1st time) 16 May 1934 - 16 Aug 1934 Khan Bahadur Sir Muhammad Usman (b. 1884 - d. 1960) Sahib Bahadur (acting) 16 Aug 1934 - 15 Nov 1934 Sir George Frederick Stanley (s.a.) (2nd time) 15 Nov 1934 - 18 Jun 1936 Sir John Francis Ashley Erskine (b. 1895 - d. 1953) (1st time) 18 Jun 1936 - 1 Oct 1936 Rai Bahadur Sir Kurma Venkata (b. 1875 - d. 1942) Reddi Naidu (acting) 1 Oct 1936 - 12 Mar 1940 Sir John Frederick Erskine (s.a.) (2nd time) 12 Mar 1940 - 26 Feb 1946 Arthur Oswald James Hope (b. 1897 - d. 1958) 26 Feb 1946 - 5 May 1946 Sir Henry Foley Knight (acting) (b. 1886 - d. 1960) 5 May 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Sir Archibald Edward Nye (b. 1895 - d. 1967)

Leading ministers (informal; governors were presidents of the Executive Council ex-officio) 17 Dec 1920 - 11 Jul 1921 Subbarayalu Reddiar (b. 1855 - d. 1921) JP 11 Jul 1921 - 3 Dec 1926 Panaganti Ramarayaningar, Raja (b. 1866 - d. 1928) JP of Panagal (from 5 Jun 1926, Sir Panaganti Ramarayaningar) 4 Dec 1926 - 27 Oct 1930 P. Subbarayan (b. 1889 - d. 1963) Non-party 27 Oct 1930 - 4 Nov 1932 B. Munusamy Naidu (b. 1885 - d. 1935) JP 5 Nov 1932 - 4 Apr 1936 Ramakrishna Ranga Rao, Raja of Bobbili (1st time) (b. 1901 - d. 1978) JP 4 Apr 1936 - 24 Aug 1936 Ponnambala Thiaga Rajan (b. 1892 - d. 1974) JP 24 Aug 1936 - 1 Apr 1937 Ramakrishna Ranga Rao, Raja of Bobbili (2nd time) (s.a.) JP Chief ministers 1 Apr 1937 - 14 Jul 1937 Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu (b. 1875 - d. 1942) JP 14 Jul 1937 - 29 Oct 1939 Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (b. 1878 - d. 1972) INC 29 Oct 1939 - 30 Apr 1946 Governor's Rule 30 Apr 1946 - 23 Mar 1947 Tanguturi Prakasam (b. 1872 - d. 1957) INC 23 Mar 1947 - 14 Aug 1947 Omandur P. Ramaswami Reddiar (b. 1895 - d. 1970) INC

North-West Frontier Province

1849 British capture the area from Punjab state. 25 Oct 1901 North-Western Frontier Province created, separated from Punjab. 1 Apr 1937 Self-rule granted. 15 Aug 1947 Part of Pakistan (as North-West Frontier province).

Chief commissioners (also Agents to the Governors-General [from 1937, Residents] in the North-West Frontier) 9 Nov 1901 - 7 Jul 1908 Harold Arthur Deane (b. 1854 - d. 1908) (from 1 Jan 1906, Sir Harold Arthur Deane) 8 Jul 1908 - 10 Sep 1919 George Olof Roos-Keppel (b. 1866 - d. 1921) (from 14 Aug 1908, Sir George Olof Roos-Keppel) 16 Nov 1909 - 31 Oct 1910 William Rudolph Henry Merck (b. 1852 - d. 1925) (acting for Roos-Keppel) 28 Aug 1913 - 28 Jan 1915 John Stuart Donald (b. 1861 - d. 1948) (acting for Roos-Keppel) 10 Sep 1919 - 8 Mar 1921 Sir Alfred Hamilton Grant (b. 1872 - d. 1937) 8 Mar 1921 - Jul 1923 Sir John Loader Maffey (b. 1877 - d. 1969) 27 Apr 1922 – 31 Oct 1922 Edmund Henry Salt James (b. 1874 - d. 1952) (acting for Maffey) 7 Jul 1923 - 10 May 1930 Horatio Norman Bolton (b. 1875 - d. 1965) (from 1 Jan 1926, Sir Horatio Norman Bolton) 4 Dec 1924 – 12 Dec 1924 Richard Garratt (acting for Bolton)(b. 1873 - d. 1958) 3 Dec 1925 - Aug 1926 William John Keen (b. 1873 - d. 1958) (acting for Bolton) 10 May 1930 - 9 Sep 1931 Steuart Edmund Pears (b. 1875 - d. 1931) (from 1 Jan 1931, Sir Steuart Edmund Pears) 10 Sep 1931 - 18 Apr 1932 Ralph Edwin Hotchkin Griffith (b. 1882 - d. 1963) (from 1 Jan 1932, Sir Ralph Edwin Hotchkin Griffith) Governors (also Agents to the Governors-General in the North-West Frontier) 18 Apr 1932 - 2 Mar 1937 Sir Ralph Edwin Hotchkin Griffith (s.a.) 2 Mar 1937 - 3 Mar 1946 Sir George Cunningham (1st time) (b. 1888 - d. 1964) 11 Aug 1939 - 10 Dec 1939 Sir Arthur Edward Broadbent (b. 1884 - d. 1966) Parsons (acting for Cunningham) 3 Mar 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Sir Olaf Kirkpatrick Kruuse Caroe (b. 1892 - d. 1981) 26 Jun 1947 - 13 Aug 1947 Sir Robert "Rob" Lockhart (b. 1893 - d. 1981) (acting for Caroe) 13 Aug 1947 - 14 Aug 1947 Sir George Cunningham (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting for Caroe)

Minister (governors were presidents of the Executive Council ex-officio) 1932 - 1937 Nawab Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum (b. 1863 - d. 1937) UMNP Khan Premiers 1 Apr 1937 - 7 Sep 1937 Nawab Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum (s.a.) AIC Khan 7 Sep 1937 - 10 Nov 1939 Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan (1st time) (b. 1882 - d. 1958) INC (= Khan Sahib) 10 Nov 1939 - 25 May 1943 Governor's rule 25 May 1943 - 16 Mar 1945 Sardar Aurangzeb Khan (b. 1899 - d. 1953) ML 16 Mar 1945 - 14 Aug 1947 Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan (2nd time) (s.a.) INC

Oudh: see under United Provinces

Panth-Piploda

1935 Chief commissioner's province,separated from Bombay.15 Aug 1947 Part of independent India (as Panth Piploda province).

Chief commissioners Jan 1935 - 1940 Kenneth Samuel Fitze (b. 1887 - d. 1960)Feb 1940 - 1942 Gerald Thomas Fisher (b. 1887 - d. 1965) May 1942 - 1946 Walter Fendall Campbell (b. 1894 - d. 1973) (from 13 Jun 1946,Sir Walter Fendall Campbell) 1946 - 1947 Henry Mortimer Poulton (b. 1898 - d. 1973)

Prince of Wales Island (Penang) (1805-1826): see under Malay states

Punjab

29 Mar 1849 Punjab state annexed by U.K. 2 Apr 1849 Punjab a part (division) of Bengal, but under separate fiscal and judicial administration.Feb 1853 Punjab a separate province. 1 Apr 1937 Self-rule granted. 23 Jun 1947 Punjab Legislative Assembly is divided into the West Punjab Legislative Assembly and the East Punjab Legislative Assembly. 15 Aug 1947 Partitioned between India (as East Punjab province) and Pakistan (as West Punjab province).

Chief commissioners 31 Mar 1849 - Feb 1853 Board of Administration - John Laird Mair Lawrence (b. 1811 - d. 1879) - Sir Henry Lawrence (president) (b. 1806 - d. 1857) - Charles Grenville Mansel (b. 1806 - d. 1886) 1853 - 1 Jan 1859 John Laird Mair Lawrence (s.a.) (from 5 Feb 1856, Sir John Laird Mair Lawrence) Lieutenant governors of the Punjab 1 Jan 1859 - 25 Feb 1859 Sir John Laird Mair Lawrence (s.a.) 25 Feb 1859 - 10 Jan 1865 Robert Montgomery (b. 1809 - d. 1887) (from 20 May 1859, Sir Robert Montgomery) (acting to 1 May 1859) 10 Jan 1865 - 1 Jun 1870 Donald Friell McLeod (b. 1810 - d. 1872) (from 24 May 1866, Sir Donald Friell McLeod) 1 Jun 1870 - 1 Jan 1871 Sir Henry Marion Durand (b. 1812 - d. 1871) 20 Jan 1871 - 2 Apr 1877 Robert Henry Davies (b. 1824 - d. 1902) (from 30 May 1874, Sir Robert Henry Davies) 2 Apr 1877 - 3 Apr 1882 Robert Eyles Egerton (b. 1827 - d. 1912) (from 29 Jul 1879, Sir Robert Eyles Egerton) 3 Apr 1882 - 2 Apr 1887 Sir Charles Umpherston Aitchinson (b. 1832 - d. 1896) 2 Apr 1887 - 5 Mar 1892 Charles James Lyall (b. 1845 - d. 1920) (from 24 May 1888, Sir James Broadwood Lyall) 5 Mar 1892 - 6 Mar 1897 Sir Dennis Fitzpatrick (b. 1827 - d. 1920) 6 Mar 1897 - 6 Mar 1902 Sir William Mackworth Young (b. 1840 - d. 1924) 6 Mar 1902 - 6 Mar 1907 Sir Charles Montgomery Rivaz (b. 1845 - d. 1926) 6 Mar 1907 - 22 Jan 1908 Sir Denzil Charles Jelf Ibbetson (b. 1847 - d. 1908) 26 May 1907 - 12 Aug 1907 Sir Thomas Gordon Walker (b. 1849 - d. 1917) (1st time)(acting for Ibbetson) 22 Jan 1908 - 25 May 1908 Sir Thomas Gordon Walker (s.a.) (2nd time)(acting) 25 May 1908 - 26 May 1913 Sir Louis William Dane (b. 1856 - d. 1948) 28 Apr 1911 - 4 Aug 1911 James MacCrone Douie (b. 1854 - d. 1935) (acting for Dane) 26 May 1913 - 26 May 1919 Sir Michael Francis O'Dwyer (b. 1864 - d. 1940) 26 May 1919 - 3 Jan 1921 Sir Edward Douglas MacLagan (b. 1864 - d. 1952) Governors 3 Jan 1921 - 31 May 1924 Sir Edward Douglas MacLagan (s.a.) 31 May 1924 - 9 Aug 1928 Sir William Malcolm Hailey (b. 1872 - d. 1969) 9 Aug 1928 - 12 Apr 1933 Sir Geoffrey Fitzhervey de (b. 1876 - d. 1955) Montmorency 19 Jul 1932 - 19 Oct 1932 Sikandar Hayat Khan (1st time) (b. 1892 - d. 1942) (acting for Montmorency) 12 Apr 1933 - 4 Apr 1938 Sir Herbert William Emerson (b. 1881 - d. 1940) 15 Feb 1934 - 9 Jun 1934 Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting for Emerson) 4 Apr 1938 - 7 Apr 1941 Sir Henry Duffield Craik (b. 1876 - d. 1955) 7 Apr 1941 - 8 Apr 1946 Sir Bertrand James Glancy (b. 1882 - d. 1953) 8 Apr 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Sir Evan Meredith Jenkins (b. 1896 - d. 1985)

Leading ministers (informal; governors were presidents of the Executive Council ex-officio) Jan 1921 - 1924 Mian Fazl-i-Hussain (b. 1877 - d. 1936) UP Sep 1924 - 1926 Chaudhri Chhotu Ram (b. 1881 - d. 1945) UP 1926 - 1927 Lala Manohar Lal (b. 1879 - d. 1949) 1927 - 1937 Sardar Jogender Singh (b. 1877 - d. 1946) (from 26 Feb 1929, Sardar Sir Jogender Singh) Premiers 1 Apr 1937 - 27 Dec 1942 Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan (s.a.) UP 30 Dec 1942 - Feb 1945 Khizar Hayat Khan Tiwana (b. 1900 - d. 1975) ML;1944 UP (1st time) Feb 1945 - 21 Mar 1946 Governor's Rule 21 Mar 1946 - 4 Mar 1947 Sir Khizar Hayat Khan Tiwana (s.a.) UP (2nd time) 4 Mar 1947 - 14 Aug 1947 Governor's Rule

Sind

21 Feb 1843 Scinde (Sind) state occupied by Britain.Jun 1843 Annexed by Britain; subordinated to Bombay. 1847 Renamed Sind. 1 Apr 1936 Sind a separate province. 1 Apr 1937 Self-rule granted. 15 Aug 1947 Part of Pakistan (as Sind province).

Commissioners 1843 - Oct 1847 Sir Charles James Napier (b. 1782 - d. 1853) Oct 1847 - Dec 1850 Robert Keith Pringle (b. 1802 - d. 1897) Jan 1851 - Oct 1859 Henry Edward Bartle Frere (b. 1815 - d. 1884) (from 20 May 1859, Sir Henry Edward Bartle Frere) Apr 1856 - Apr 1857 John Jacob (acting for Frere) (b. 1812 - d. 1858) Apr 1857 - 18 May 1857 Barrow Helbert Ellis (b. 1823 - d. 1887) (acting for Frere) Oct 1859 - 1862 Jonathan Duncan Inverarity (b. 1812 - d. 1882) 1862 - 1867 Samuel Mansfield (b. 1815 - d. 1893) Jun 1867 - Jul 1868 William Henry Havelock (acting) (b. 1826 - d. 1876) 10 Jul 1868 - Sep 1877 William Lockyer Merewether (b. 1825 - d. 1880) (from 24 Aug 1868, Sir William Lockyer Merewether)12 Sep 1877 - 6 Jun 1879 Francis Dawes Melvill (b. 1838 - d. 1881) 1 Jun 1878 - 8 Aug 1878 James Braithwaite Peile (b. 1833 - d. 1906) (acting for Melville) 7 Jun 1879 - 13 Apr 1887 Henry Napier Bruce Erskine (b. 1832 - d. 1893) 2 Jan 1881 - 31 Mar 1881 James Braithwaite Peile (s.a.) (acting forErskine) 14 Apr 1887 - 17 May 1889 Charles Bradley Pritchard (b. 1837 - d. 1903) 17 May 1889 - 22 May 1891 Arthur Charles Trevor (b. 1841 - d. 1920) 20 Nov 1890 - 19 Feb 1891 Edward Walter Trevor (b. 1838 - d. 1905) (acting for Trevor) 20 Jun 1891 - 18 Dec 1900 Henry Evan Murchison James (b. 1846 - d. 1923) 18 Dec 1900 - 1 Apr 1902 Robert Giles (b. 1846 - d. 1928) 1 Apr 1902 - 14 Dec 1903 Alexander Cumine (b. 1851 - d. 1909) 14 Dec 1903 - 3 Mar 1904 Horace Charles Mules (acting) (b. 1856 - d. 1939) 3 Mar 1904 - 31 Mar 1905 John William Pitt Muir-Mackenzie (b. 1854 - d. 1916) 31 Mar 1905 - Nov 1905 William Thomson Morison (acting) (b. 1860 - d. 1931) Nov 1905 - 1912 Arthur Delaval Younghusband (b. 1854 - d. 1931) Dec 1912 - 1916 William Henry Lucas (b. 1867 - d. 1937) May 1916 - 1920 Henry Staveley Lawrence (b. 1870 - d. 1949) 1920 - 1925 Jean Louis Rieu (b. 1872 - d. 1964) 1925 - 1926 Partick Robert Cadell (b. 1871 - d. 1961) 1926 - 1929 Walter Frank Hudson (b. 1875 - d. 1958) 1929 - 1931 George Arthur Thomas (b. 1877 - d. 1950) 1931 - 1935 Raymond Evelyn Gibson (b. 1878 - d. 1969) Apr 1935 - 1936 Godfrey Ferdinando Stratford (b. 1888 - d. 1952) Collins (acting) Governors 1 Apr 1936 - 1 Apr 1941 Sir Lancelot Graham (b. 1890 - d. 1962) 1 Aug 1938 - 1 Dec 1938 Joseph Hugh Garrett (b. 1880 - d. 1978) (acting for Garrett) 1 Apr 1941 - 15 Jan 1946 Sir Hugh Dow (b. 1886 - d. 1978) 15 Jan 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Sir Robert Francis Mudie (b. 1890 - d. 1976)

Premiers 24 Apr 1937 - 23 Mar 1938 Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah (b. 1879 - d. 1948) MPP Khan Bahadur Shaykh (1st time) 23 Mar 1938 - 18 Mar 1940 Shaheed Allah Bux Soomro (1st time)(b. 1900 - d. 1943) IP 18 Mar 1940 - 7 Mar 1941 Mir Bandeh Ali Khan Talpur (b. 1909 - d. 1963) ML 7 Mar 1941 - 14 Oct 1942 Shaheed Allah Bux Soomro (2nd time)(s.a.) IP 14 Oct 1942 - 14 Aug 1947 Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah (s.a.) MPP Khan Bahadur Shaykh (2nd time)

Straits Settlements (1826-1830, 1851-1867): see under Singapore

Surat

12 Jul 1609 First English factory at Surat. 12 Mar 1612 English granted permission to establish Surat factory. Feb 1616 Surat made the chief factory in India. 1620 Surat Presidency 23 Sep 1668 - 2 May 1687 Bombay part of Surat; under British East India Company rule. 2 May 1687 - Jul 1703 Surat part of Bombay (seat of the Presidency moved from Surat to Bombay in 1687). Dec 1688 - 28 Apr 1690 Mughal occupation.
Jun 1703 - 1716 Factory abandoned. 26 Dec 1715 Presidency of Surat officially renamed the Presidency of Bombay. 15 May 1800 Surat Agency abolished.

Commander 12 Mar 1612 - Feb 1613 Thomas Best (b. 1570 - d. 1639) Agentsand Chief Factors 12 Jul 1609 - 1611 William Finch11 Oct 1611 - 1612 Alexander Sharpeigh (d. 1613)25 Jan 1612 - 1616 Thomas Aldworth 2 Oct 1616 – 1 Apr 1620 Thomas Kerridge Presidents of Surat 1 Apr 1620 – 9 Nov 1622 Thomas Kerridge (1st time) 9 Nov 1622 – 9 Apr 1625 Thomas Rastell (1st time)(acting) (d. 1633) 9 Apr 1625 – 1628 Thomas Kerridge (2nd time)12 Dec 1628 – 1630 Richard Wylde(Wyld)Apr 1630 - Sep 1630 John Skibbow (acting)29 Sep 1630 – 1631 Thomas Rastell (2nd time) (s.a.)25 Jan 1631 – 7 Nov 1633 John Hopkinson(acting) 7 Nov 1633 – 27 Dec 1638 William Methwold (b. 1590 - d. 1653) 27 Dec 1638 – 1643 William Fremlen (d. 1645) 7 Feb 1643 – 1649 Francis Breton (d. 1649)25 Jan 1649 – 1652 Thomas Merry1652 – 1654 Jeremy Blackman15 Mar 1654 – 1655 John Spiller (1st time) (d. 1677) 1655 - 1656 Edward Pearce19 Jan 1656 – 1657 John Spiller(2nd time) (s.a.)30 Jan 1657 – 1658 Henry Revington (d. 1663)16 Oct 1658 - 1658 Henry Greenhill (d. 1659) 1658 - 23 May 1659 Nathaniel Wyche (d. 1659) 1659 – 1662 Matthew Andrews (b. c.1630 - d. 1711) 18 Sep 1662 - 14 Jul 1669 Sir George Oxindon (Oxenden) (b. 1620 - d. 1669) 14 Jul 1669 - 30 Jun 1677 Gerald Aungier (b. c.1635 – d. 1677) 30 Jun 1677 - 24 Jan 1682 Sir Thomas Rolt (Rolte) (b. 1631 – d. 1710) Jan 1682 - 4 Feb 1690 Sir John Child (b. 1637 – d. 1690) (from 1684, also Captain General and Admiral of India) (moved seat from Surat to Bombayin 1687) 28 Apr 1690 - 10 May 1694 Bartholomew Harris (b. 1648/49 – d. 1694) Agents in Surat 5 May 1687 - 10 May 1694 Bartholomew Harris (s.a.) (Mughal prisoner in Surat Dec 1688 - 28 Apr 1690) 10 May 1694 - 13 May 1698 Samuel Annesley (1st time) (b. c.1658 - d. 1732) 13 May 1698 - Jun 1703 Stephen Colt (b. 16.. - d. 1708) (for old India Trading Co.) 11 Mar 1698 – 1698 Benjamin Newse (for new East India Co.) 27 Nov 1698 - 1703 Sir Nicholas Waite (d. c.1715) (for new East India Co.) 1703 - 1716 Abandoned 22 Feb 1718 - 1724 Samuel Annesley (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Aug 1724 - 1729 John Courtney 1 Aug 1729 - 1736 Henry Lowther 16 Mar 1736 - 1739 John Lambton 13 Apr 1739 - 1747 James Hope (d. 1747) 4 Aug 1747 - 9 Oct 1748 Thomas Marsh (d. 1748) 10 Oct 1748 - 1749 Thomas Dorrill 10 Nov 1749 - 1752 James Henry Lambe 23 Mar 1752 - 1755 Charles Crommelin (b. 1717 - d. 1788) 17 Jan 1755 - 1758 Barbazon Ellis 21 Nov 1758 - 6 Dec 1759 John Spencer 6 Dec 1759 - 1762 William Andrew Price (1st time) (d. 1774) 1 Oct 1762 - 1768 Thomas Hodges Nov 1768 - 4 Sep 1769 William Andrew Price (2nd time) (s.a.) 4 Sep 1769 - 1771 Robert Gambier 1 Jan 1771 - 6 Dec 1771 Daniel Draper 6 Dec 1771 - 10 Mar 1774 William Andrew Price (3rd time) (s.a.) 11 Mar 1774 - 1776 Robert Gambier 21 May 1776 - 1783 Rawson Hart Boddam (b. 1734 - d. 1812) 15 Dec 1783 - 1785 Thomas Day 11 Dec 1785 - 2 Apr 1787 Andrew Ramsay Karr (b. 1739? - d. 1799) 2 Apr 1787 - 1795 John Griffith 4 Mar 1795 - 13 Jan 1796 William Gamul Farmer (b. 1746 - d. 1797) 13 Jan 1796 - 18 Feb 1796 John Spencer 18 Feb 1796 - 1800 Daniel Seton (b. 174. - d. 1803)

United Provinces

1801 Ceded Provinces, ceded by the Oudh state to the British, part of Bengal, but under separate fiscal and judicial administration. 1803 - 1834 Ceded and Conquered Provinces (part of the Bengal Presidency; later alternative names: from 1809 Upper Provinces, from 1822 Western Provinces (1807-1829 under separate fiscal and judicial administration). 14 Nov 1834 Presidency of Agra, separated from Bengal. 1 Jun 1836 North-Western Provinces, styled originally also as the Upper Provinces of Bengal. 7 Feb 1856 Oudh state incorporated into British India as a separate province. 1 Apr 1871 Ajmer, Merwara and Kekri made separate province. 15 Feb 1877 Oudh province merged into the North-Western Provinces (North- Western Provinces and Oudh).22 Mar 1902 Renamed United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. 1 Apr 1936 United Provinces 1 Apr 1937 Self-rule granted. 15 Aug 1947 Part of independent India (as United Provinces).

Commissioners of the Ceded (from 1803, Ceded and Conquered) Provinces Nov 1801 - Feb 1803 Board of Commissioners [membership varied] - Henry Wellesley (b. 1773 – d. 1847) (president 1801-1802) - Matthew Leslie (b. 1755 – d. 1804) (senior member c.1803) 1803 - 1807 administered by governor-general in Bengal 1807 - 1829 Board of Commissioners [membership varied] - Sir James Edward Colebrooke (b. 1761 - d. 1838) (senior member c.1819) - Alexander T. Ross (b. 1777 - d. af.1838) (senior member 1820-1823) - Charles Elliot (b. 1803 - d. 1875) (senior member 1823-1826) 1829 - 1834 administered by governor-general in Bengal Governors of the Presidency of Agra 14 Nov 1834 - 20 Mar 1835 Sir Charles Theophilus Metcalfe (b. 1785 - d. 1846) 20 Mar 1835 - 1 Dec 1835 William Blunt (acting) (b. 1800 - d. 1889) 1 Dec 1835 - 1 Jun 1836 Alexander T. Ross (s.a.) Lieutenant governors of the Upper Provinces of Bengal (North-Western Provinces) 1 Jun 1836 - 1 Jun 1838 Sir Charles Theophilus Metcalfe (s.a.) 1 Jun 1838 - 4 Feb 1840 administered by governor-general of India 4 Feb 1840 - 31 Dec 1842 Thomas Campbell Robertson (b. 1789 - d. 1863)31 Dec 1842 - 30 Jun 1843 administered by governor-general of India 30 Jun 1843 - 22 Dec 1843 George Russell Clerk (b. 1800 - d. 1889)22 Dec 1843 - 29 Sep 1853 James Thomason (b. 1804 - d. 1853)10 Oct 1853 - 7 Nov 1853 Alfred William Begbie (acting) (b. 1801 - d. 1873) 7 Nov 1853 - 9 Sep 1857 John Russell Colvin (acting) (b. 1807 - d. 1857)10 Sep 1857 - 30 Sep 1857 Edward Anderton Reade (acting) (b. 1807 - d. 1886)30 Sep 1857 - 9 Feb 1858 Hugh Fraser (chief commissioner) (b. 1808 - d. 1858) 9 Feb 1858 - 19 Jan 1859 administered by governor-general of India 19 Jan 1859 - 27 Feb 1863 George Frederick Edmonstone (b. 1813 - d. 1864) 27 Feb 1863 - 7 Mar 1863 Rowland Money (acting) (b. 1812 - d. 1869) 7 Mar 1863 - 10 Mar 1868 Edmund Drummond (b. 1814 - d. 1895) 10 Mar 1868 - 7 Apr 1874 Sir William Muir (b. 1819 - d. 1905) 7 Apr 1874 - 26 Jul 1876 Sir John Strachey (b. 1823 - d. 1907) 26 Jul 1876 - 15 Feb 1877 Sir George Ebenezer Wilson Couper (b. 1824 - d. 1908) (acting to 17 Jan 1877)Lieutenant governors of the North-Western Provinces and Chief Commissioners of Oudh 15 Feb 1877 - 17 Apr 1882 Sir George Ebenezer Wilson Couper (s.a.) 17 Apr 1882 - 21 Nov 1887 Sir Alfred Comyns Lyall (b. 1835 - d. 1911) 21 Nor 1887 - 28 Nov 1892 Sir Auckland Colvin (b. 1838 - d. 1908) 28 Nov 1892 - 9 Jan 1895 Sir Charles Haukes Todd (b. 1835 - d. 1915) Crosthwaite 9 Jan 1895 - 6 Nov 1895 Alan Cadell (acting) (b. 1841 - d. 1921) 6 Nov 1895 - 14 Nov 1901 Sir Anthony Patrick MacDonnell (b. 1844 - d. 1935) 6 May 1898 - 6 Nov 1898 James John Digges La Touche (b. 1844 - d. 1921) (acting for MacDonnell) 14 Nov 1901 - 22 Mar 1902 Sir James John Digges La Touche (s.a.) Lieutenant governors of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh 22 Mar 1902 - 1 Jan 1907 Sir James John Digges La Touche (s.a.) 1 Jan 1907 - 15 Sep 1912 Sir John Prescott Hewett (b. 1854 - d. 1941) 30 Apr 1910 - 20 Oct 1910 Leslie Alexander Selim Porter (b. 1854 - d. 1932) (1st time)(acting for Hewett) 1 Apr 1911 - 16 Dec 1911 Leslie Alexander Selim Porter (s.a.) (from 12 Dec 1911, Sir Leslie Porter) (2nd time)(acting for Hewett) 15 Sep 1912 - 7 Feb 1917 Sir James Scorgie Meston (b. 1865 - d. 1943) 18 Sep 1913 - 15 Nov 1913 Duncan Colvin Baillie (b. 1856 - d. 1919) (acting for Meston) 7 Feb 1917 - 15 Feb 1918 John Mitchell Holms (acting) (b. 1863 - d. 1948) 15 Feb 1918 - 3 Jan 1921 Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler (b. 1869 - d. 1938) Governors of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh 3 Jan 1921 - 21 Dec 1922 Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler (s.a.) 21 Dec 1922 - 24 Dec 1922 Sir Ludovic Charles Porter (b. 1869 - d. 1928) (acting) 24 Dec 1922 - 14 Jan 1927 Sir William Sinclair Marris (b. 1873 - d. 1945) 13 Aug 1926 - 1 Dec 1926 Sir Samuel Perry O'Donnell (b. 1874 - d. 1946) (acting for Marris) 14 Jun 1927 - 17 Jun 1928 Sir Alexander Phillips Muddiman (b. 1875 - d. 1928) 17 Jun 1928 - 9 Aug 1928 Sir Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan, (b. 1888 - d. 1982) Nawwab of Chhatari (1st time) (acting) 9 Aug 1928 - 16 Oct 1930 Sir William Malcolm Hailey (b. 1872 - d. 1969) (1st time) 16 Oct 1930 - 19 Apr 1931 Sir George Bancroft Lambert (b. 1873 - d. 1945) (acting) 19 Apr 1931 - 8 Apr 1933 Sir William Malcolm Hailey (s.a.) (2nd time) 8 Apr 1933 - 27 Nov 1933 Sir Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan, (s.a.) Nawwab of Chhatari (2nd time) (acting) 27 Nov 1933 - 6 Dec 1934 Sir William Malcolm Hailey (s.a.) (3rd time) 6 Dec 1934 - 7 Dec 1939 Sir Harry Graham Haig (b. 1881 - d. 1956) 7 Dec 1939 - 7 Dec 1945 Sir Maurice Garnier Hallett (b. 1883 - d. 1969) 7 Dec 1945 - 14 Aug 1947 Sir Francis Verner Wylie (b. 1891 - d. 1970)

Leading ministers (informal; governors were presidents of the Executive Council ex-officio) Jan 1921 - 1922 Chirravoori Yajneswara Chintamani (b. 1880 – d. 1941) NLFI 1922 - May 1923 Raja Parmanand (d. 1923) May 1923 - 1924 Nawab Muhammad Ahmad Said (s.a.) Khan Chhatari Jul 1924 - 1928 Raja Rai Rajeshwar Bali (b. 1889 - d. 1944) 1928 - 1937 Nawab Muhammad Yusuf (s.a.) NAP (from 2 Jan 1933, Nawab Sir Muhammad Yusuf) Chief ministers 3 Apr 1937 - 16 Jul 1937 Nawwab Sir Muhammad Ahmad Said (s.a.) NAP Khan Chhatari17 Jul 1937 - 2 Nov 1939 Govind Ballabh Pant (1st time) (b. 1887 - d. 1961) INC 2 Nov 1939 - 1 Apr 1946 Governor's rule 1 Apr 1946 - 14 Aug 1947 Govind Ballabh Pant (2nd time) (s.a.) INC

Oudh

7 Feb 1856 Oudh incorporated into British India as a separate province. 15 Feb 1877 Oudh province merged into the North-Western Provinces (North- Western Provinces and Oudh). Chief Commissioners of Oudh (at Lucknow) 1 Feb 1856 - 8 May 1856 Sir James Outram (1st time) (b. 1803 - d. 1863) 8 May 1856 - 21 Mar 1857 Colville Coverley Jackson (acting) (b. 1804 - d. 1858) 21 Mar 1857 - 4 Jul 1857 Sir Henry Montgomery Lawrence (b. 1806 - d. 1857) 5 Jul 1857 - 21 Jul 1857 John Sherbrooke Banks (b. 1811 - d. 1857) 21 Jul 1857 - 11 Sep 1857 Thomas Henry Kavanagh (acting) (b. 1821 - d. 1882) 11 Sep 1857 - 3 Apr 1858 Sir James Outram (2nd time) (s.a.) 3 Apr 1858 - 15 Feb 1859 Robert Montgomery (b. 1809 - d. 1897) 15 Feb 1859 - 20 Apr 1860 Charles John Wingfield (b. 1820 - d. 1892) 20 Apr 1860 - 4 Apr 1861 Lousada Barrow (1st time)(acting) (b. 1816 - d. 1877) 4 Apr 1861 - 26 Aug 1865 George Udny Yule (acting) (b. 1813 - d. 1886) 26 Aug 1865 - 17 Mar 1866 Robert Henry Davies (1st time) (b. 1824 - d. 1902) (acting) 17 Mar 1866 - 24 May 1867 John Strachey (b. 1823 - d. 1907) 24 May 1867 - 18 Jan 1871 Robert Henry Davies(2nd time) (s.a.) (acting to 9 Mar 1868) 18 Jan 1871 - 20 Apr 1871 Lousada Barrow (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.) 20 Apr 1871 - 15 Mar 1875 Sir George Ebenezer Wilson Couper (b. 1824 - d. 1908) (1st time)(acting to 8 Dec 1873) 15 Mar 1875 - 15 Nov 1875 John Forbes David Inglis (1st time)(b. 1821 - d. 1894) (acting) 15 Mar 1875 - 26 Jul 1876 Sir George Ebenezer Wilson Couper (s.a.) (2nd time) 26 Jul 1876 - 15 Feb 1877 John Forbes David Inglis (2nd time)(s.a.) (acting)