Provinces of France before 1790

   In 1789, there were three kinds of administrative divisions in the Kingdom of France.
The dioceses were ecclesiastic divisions, which dated back to the Roman times. Roman Catholicism was the official religion of France, which was known as La Fille Aînée de l'Eglise ("The Church's Elder Daughter"), following King Louis XIII's vow.
   The provinces were military gouvernements (governments), in their early form mostly established in the 14th century. On 6 May 1545 all previous governments were abolished and France was divided in 9 large governments. In 1614 then 12 governments were designated not just commissions by the king, but rather state institutions. As of 1650 there were 25 or 26 governments, in 1718 there were 35 governments. By the law of 18 Mar 1776 their number was fixed at 39 (excluding Corsica) of which 32 were grands gouvernements (greater governments) of provinces and 7 were lesser ones or petits gouvernements enclaved into the greater ones, and it was specified that governor has only honorific military function with no administrative duties. Of then 39 governors 19 held additional title of lieutenant-general and thus could be styled governor-general. Smaller feudal divisions remained as subdivisions of the governments. They were called bailliages (bailiwicks) in the north of France, sénéchaussées in the south-west, and vigueries in Provence. These are not covered in this record.
   The généralités (generalities) or the intendances (intendancies) were financial divisions, mostly established in the 16th-17th centuries, the first created in 1542. An intendance was the territory administrated by an intendant, who was the direct representative of the King. In 1555, the first maîtres de requêtes, later renamed intendants, were appointed. At first these were a kind of financial assistant to the governors, but later their power was gradually extended and from the reign of Louis XIV they became the real heads of the regional administrations, from 1635 being styled Intendant de Justice, Police et Finances. At the end of the ancien régime there were 34 generalities. The intendants were the most powerful people of the kingdom after the King himself, and their position was often dynastic.   
   The borders of the different divisions did not match each other. This lack of unity was caused by the heterogeneous historical formation of France. The kings progressively incorporated to their own domain (domaine royal) large feudal and princely states, whose institutions and privileges they promised to respect. Some provinces (Brittany, Provence, Béarn) recognized the King only as their Duke, Count, or Lord. Several of these states kept their political institutions (Etats [states]) and administrated taxes. As an example,
Provence, incorporated to France in 1481, kept its Etats in Aix-en-Provence and had a specific "Provencal Constitution". Provence was divided into vigueries, but its two main cities, Arles and Marseilles, had a specific status of terres adjacentes à régime spécial ("adjacent areas with specific regime")(see Map of France in 1477).
   As explained by Alexis de Tocqueville in "L'Ancien Régime et la Révolution" (1856), "the administrative centralization was an institution of the Ancient Regime and not a realization
of the Revolution and the Empire, as often wrongly assumed." As direct representatives of the Kings, the intendants gained more and more power, whereas the military governor's function became purely honorific as early as in the 17th century. At that time, Richelieu, one of the great reformers of the French state, believed that powerful military governors were more a threat than a protection for the royal power, and ordered the demolition of most fortresses located quite far from the borders. In parallel, Richelieu consolidated the power of the intendants, which was a convenient means to collect taxes from reluctant local lords and thereby consolidate royal power.
   The tax status of the provinces was also complex, at least nominally: in the pays d'élections (most provinces), the taxes were administered in each circumscription, called élection, by local representatives, called élus; in the pays d'Etats (Bretagne, Bourgogne, Béarn, County of Foix, Languedoc, Provence, Dauphiné, etc.), the taxes were administered by a provincial assembly, or Etats (States, properly Estates). Some former feudal states, although no longer governments, kept their Estates, e.g. Gévaudan, Velay and Vivarais. Of course, the King did not enjoy those Estates, who often opposed to his decisions, and progressively suppressed them or diminished their power; in the pays d'imposition (Lorraine, Alsace, and Roussillon), which had been incorporated in the 17th to the 18th centuries, there were neither élections nor états, and the taxes were administered directly by the intendants.
   The governments were formally abolished 4 Mar 1790. The numbers (2) or (3) denotes a second or third class government, all others are governments of the first class. Some Intendants functioned until the newly created departmental institutions took over (somewhere between Jun and Oct 1790) while others resigned or fled after the revolution in 1789. Note: the frontiers of the generalities and of the governments were not always coextensive, the generalities are recorded under the government where their headquarters were located.

Flags: It is established that the French provinces never had flags during the Ancien Régime (Old Regime). The provincial arms were "officialized" by Hozier's Armorial Général after 1697, but some of these arms were imposed. Provincial arms were suppressed after the French Revolution and only re-emerged at the end of the 19th century, especially in Lorraine in the 1850's.

Noble titles: chevalier = knight; comte/comtesse = count/countess; duc/duchesse = duke/duchess; empereur/impératrice = emperor/empress; roi/reine = king; marquis/marquise = marquess/marchioness; prince/princesse = prince/princess; seigneur/seigneuresse = lord/lady; viscomte/vicomtesse = viscount/viscountess.

Ecclesiastical titles: abbé = abbot; archevêque = archbishop; cardinal = cardinal; evêque = bishop.

742 - 11 Aug 843          Frankish rule.
11 Aug 843 - 29 Sep 855   Part of Kingdom of Middle France (Francia Media).
29 Sep 855 -  8 Aug 869   Part of Kingdom of Lotharingia (Lotharii Regnum).
 8 Aug 869 -  9 Aug 870   Part of Kingdom of the West Franks (from 987, France).
 9 Aug 870                Part of East Frankish kingdom (from 962, Holy Roman Empire).
24 Oct 1648               By the Treaty of Munster, the Holy Roman Emperor ceded both
                            Landgraviates of Lower- (Alsatiae Inferioris/Basse-Alsace) and
                            Upper Alsace (Alsatiae Superioris/Haute-Alsace) to France, as well
                            as the Imperial Décapole free cities (Haguenau [Hagenau],
                            Wissembourg [Weissenburg], Rosheim, Obernai [Oberehnheim], Sélestat
                            [Schlettstadt], Kaysersberg [Kaisersberg], Turckheim [Türkheim],
                            Munster [Münster], Landau and Colmar [Kolmar]), as well as Prince-
                            abbey of Murbach (own vote in the Council of Princes of the
                            Imperial Diet) and territories of some counts, prelates and barons.
1648                      Government of Alsace (Gouvernement d'Alsace) established by France.
 5 Feb 1679               Treaty of Nijmegen confirms the incorporation of Alsace into France,
                            the Decapole free cities and Murbach ceased to participate in the
                            Imperial Diet.
30 Sep 1681               Strasbourg (Strassburg), an Imperial free city, occupied and annexed
                            by France.
1689                      Généralité of Strasbourg established, covering the government of
                            Alsace.
30 Oct 1697               France kept Strasbourg, but returned other territories occupied or
                            captured since Nijmegen (including Freiburg, Breisach, and
                             Philippsburg) by the Treaty of Ryswick.

Governors (Gouverneurs de la province d'Alsace)(in Strasbourg [in Colmar to 1681])
1648 - Dec 1659            Henri de Lorraine, comte        (b. 1601 - d. 1666)
                             d'Harcourt, d'Armagnac, de
                             Brionne et vicomte de Marsan
                            (lieutenant-general of the King in Haute and
                             Basse Alsace and Grand bailie of Haguenau)
Dec 1659 -  9 Mar 1661     Jules Cardinal Mazarin,         (b. 1602 - d. 1661)
                             duc de Nevers
 9 Mar 1661 -  9 Feb 1713  Armand Charles de La Porte      (b. 1632 - d. 1713)
                             de La Meilleraye, duc de
                             Mazarin, 2e duc de La Meilleraye,
                             duc de Mayenne, prince de Château-
                             Porcien, marquis de Montcornet,
                             comte de La Fère et comte de
                             Marle
14 Feb 1713 - 10 Apr 1730  Nicolas Chalon du Blé, marquis  (b. 1652 - d. 1730)
                             marquis d'Uxelles et de Cormatin,
                             chevalier du Saint-EspriHuxelles 
11 Apr 1730 - 15 Jan 1739  Eléonor Marie du Maine,         (b. 1655 - d. 1739)
                             comte Du Bourg, baron de
                             1'Espinasse
26 Jan 1739 - 18 Dec 1759  François de Franquetot de Coigny(b. 1670 - d. 1759)
                             duc de Coigny
19 Dec 1759 -  7 Feb 1762  Jean-Baptiste François          (b. 1682 - d. 1762)
                             Deamarets, marquis de Maillebois
 1 Mar 1762 -  1 Sep 1788  Emmanuel Armand de Vignerot du  (b. 1720 - d. 1788) 
                             Plessis-Richelieu, duc
                             d'Aiguillon
16 Nov 1788 -  2 Jun 1789  Jacques Philippe de Choiseul,   (b. 1727 - d. 1789)
                             comte et duc de Choiseul-
                             Stainville, baron de Dommanges

Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Alsace, of Strasbourg
1698 - 1700                Claude Lafond, sieur de La      (b. 1635 - d. 1719)
                             Beuvrière, La Ferté-Gilbert
                             et Limery
1700 - 1715                Félix Le Pelletier de La        (b. 1663 - d. 1723)
                             Houssaye
1716 - 1724                Nicolas Prosper Bauyn           (b. 1675 - d. 1740)
                             d'Angervilliers 
1724 - 1728                Louis Auguste Achille de Harlay (b. 1679 - d. 1739)
                             de Bonneuil, comte de Cély
1728 - 1743                Paul Esprit Feydeau de Brou,    (b. 1682 - d. 1767)
                             seigneur de Brou 
1743 - 1744                Jean-Louis Bidé de La           (b. 1688 - d. 1760)
                             Granville 
1744 - 1750                Barthélemy de Vanolles          (b. 1684 - d. 1770)
1750 - 1752                Jean Nicolas Mégret de Serilly  (b. 1702 - d. 1750)
1753 - 1764                Jacques Pineau de Lucé,         (b. 1709 - d. 1764)
                             seigneur de Viennay
1764 - 1777                Louis Guillaume de Blair de     (b. 1716 - d. 1778)
                             Boisement, seigneur de
                             Boisemont
1777 - 1789                Antoine de Chaumont de la       (b. 1727 - d. 1812)
                             Galaizière

843                        Under the suzerainty of the King of France.
c.908                      County of Anjou (Comitatus Andecavensis [Andegavia]/Comté d'Anjou).
1067 - 1096                Occupied by Aquitaine.
 7 Sep 1151 - 1203         Under English rule.
1203                       Part of the French Royal domain (declared confiscated in 1202). 
Aug 1246 - 16 Aug 1290     King Louis IX grants Anjou as an apanage to his brother Charles,
                             Count of Provence as Charles I of Anjou (b. c.1226 - d. 1285)
                             and his brother
16 Aug 1290 -  1 Apr 1328  Anjou an apanage of Charles of Valois, then from 1525 his son
                             Philip of Valois, who becomes King of France Philip VI.
 1 Apr 1328                Anjou re-incorporated to the royal domain.
17 Feb 1332 - 22 Aug 1350  King Philip VI grants the county as his apanage to his son Jean,
                             who becomes King Jean III on 22 Aug 1350.
22 Aug 1350                Anjou re-incorporated to the royal domain.
Jun 1351                   King Jean III grants the county as an apanage to his son Louis
                             de France, comte d'Anjou (b. 1339 - d. 1384), founder of the
                             House of Valois-Anjou, and his male heirs.
25 Oct 1360                Raised to the Duchy of Anjou (Ducatus Andegavensis/Duché d'Anjou).
1474 - 1476                Briefly seized by the King.
10 Dec 1481                Re-incorporated into the royal domain.
20 Aug 1560 - Oct 1567     Anjou part of Tourraine.
 8 Feb 1566 - 30 May 1574  Anjou an apanage for for Alexandre Édouard de France (future King
                             Henri III)(b. 1551 - d. 1589), younger brother of King Charles IX
                             of France.
 6 May 1576 - 10 Jun 1584  Anjou an apanage for François de France, duc d'Alençon
                             (b. 1555 - d. 1584), brother of King Henri III.
c.1618                     Government of Anjou (Gouvernement d'Anjou) established (detached
                             from Orleanais).
14 May 1771 - 13 Aug 1790  Anjou an apanage for Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, comte de
                             Provence (future King Louis XVIII)(b. 1755 - d. 1824).

Governors (Gouverneurs de la province d'Anjou)(in Angers)
Aug 1666 - 1712            Louis de Lorraine, comte        (b. 1641 - d. 1718)
                             d'Armagnac, comte de 
                             Brionne et de Charny,
                             (from 1692) prince de Lambesc
1712 - 1740                Louis de Lorraine, prince de    (b. 1692 - d. 1743)
                             Lambesc, comte de Brionne
                             et de Braine 
 8 Jul 1740 - 28 Jun 1761  Charles Louis de Lorraine,      (b. 1725 - d. 1761)
                             prince de Lambesc, comte 
                             de Brionne 
 1 Aug 1761 - 1789         Charles Eugène de Lorraine,     (b. 1751 - d. 1825)
                             prince de Lambesc, comte de
                             Brionne, (from 1763) duc
                             d'Elbeuf

Intendants
1542 - 1789                the Intendants of Tours (see Touraine)

Flag of Spanish Artois 17th cent.

843                        Under the suzerainty of the King of France.
898                        Artois annexed to the County of Flanders (see Flanders
                             under Southern Netherlands provinces).
28 Apr 1180                Under French rule as the dowry of Isabelle of Hainaut, niece of
                             the Count of Flanders, who was married to Philip Augustus
                             (from 18 Sep 1180, King Philippe II of France).
14 Jul 1223                Artois part of the French Royal domain.
25 Sep 1237                County of Artois (Comitatus Artesiae/Graafschap Artesië/
                             Comté d'Artois) restored and given as an apanage to Robert
                             the Good Jun 1237-8 Feb 1250.
 9 May 1382 - 16 Mar 1405  Re-united to the County of Flanders (s.a.)
30 Jan 1384                Inherited by the Valois Dukes of Burgundy.
28 Jul 1482 - 23 May 1493  Occupied by France.
23 May 1493                Artois transferred from France to the Holy Roman Empire by Treaty
                             of Senlis.
23 May 1493                Habsburg possession (under French suzerainty until 15 Jan 1526).
14 Jan 1526                Restored to Habsburg rule by Treaty of Madrid (confirmed by
                             Treaty of Cambrai 3 Aug 1529).
16 Jan 1556                Part of the Spanish Netherlands, as province of the County of
                             Artois (Comitatus Artesiae/Condado de Artois/Comté d'Artois).
 8 Nov 1576 -  6 Jan 1579  Artois briefly joins the Dutch Revolt.
 6 Jan 1579                Joins the Union of Arras.
 9 Aug 1640                French occupy Arras and southern part of Artois (administered
                             by Picardie).
 7 Nov 1659                Incorporated to France by the Treaty of the Pyrenees, the northern
                             part of Artois remains a province of the Spanish Netherlands.
 2 May 1668                Saint-Omer confirmed by France to Spain in Treaty of Aix-la-
                             Chapelle.
17 Sep 1678                Spanish Artois (including Saint-Omer) ceded to France (occupied by
                             France in 1677) as part of the Treaties of Nijmegen, ceased being
                             part of the Holy Roman Empire.
 8 Feb 1679                The Treaty of Nijmegen confirms attachment to France.
1764                       Artois a separate government (Gouvernement d'Artois); detached from
                             Picardie.
Dec 1789                   Estates (Etats) of Artois are dissolved, the status of
                             pays d'Etats (provincial tax and fiscal self-administration)
                             is ended by the French National Assembly.

Governors (Gouverneurs de la province de l'Artois)(in Arras)
22 Sep 1764 - 20 Nov 1787  François-Gaston de Lévis        (b. 1719 - d. 1787)
                             (from 1784, duc de Lévis)
 1 Jan 1788 - 1789         Adrien Louis de Bonnières,      (b. 1735 - d. 1806)
                             comte de Souastre, duc de Guines

Intendants
1691 - 1790                the Intendants of Lille (see Flandres)

Governors of (Spanish) Artois (in Saint Omer)
1649 - 1653                Ambroise de Hornes, comte de    (b. 1609 - d. 1656)
                             Beaucignies
1653 - 1655                Gilles-Othon, marquis de        (b. 1598 - d. 1669)
                             Trazegnies (provisional)
1655 - 1677                Alexandre-Hyppolite, prince de  (b. 1616 - d. 1690)
                             Bournonville

Presidents of the Council of Artois
1641 - 1653                Jacques Chirot                  (d. 1653)
1654 - 1664                Antoine Colins                  (b. 1598 - d. 1666)
1664 - 1677                Ignace Simon                    (d. af.1693)

843                        Under the suzerainty of the King of France.
1130 - 1224                Under English (Plantagenet) rule.
1224                       County of Aunis (Comitatus Alnensis/Comté de Aunis) and La Rochelle
                             re-incorporated into the French Royal Domain.
24 Oct 1360 - 15 Aug 1372  Under English rule by the Treaty of Brétigny.
24 Nov 1374                Aunis legally made a separate province, detached from Saintonge by
                             King Charles V.
10 Sep 1627 - 28 Oct 1628  Siege of La Rochelle by royal forces against the Huguenots.
c.1688                     Government of Aunis (Gouvernement du pays d'Aunis) established
                             (detached from Saintogne and Angoumois).
1694                       Généralité of La Rochelle established, covering the government of
                             Aunis and western part of the government of Saintogne and
                             Angoumois (the whole of Saintogne and western part of Angoumois).

Governors (Gouverneurs de la province du pays d'Aunis et de La Rochelle)(in La Rochelle)
 8 Jan 1688 - 1710         Charles Auguste de Goyon de     (b. 1647 - d. 1729)
                             Matignon, comte de Gacé 
10 May 1710 - 27 Aug 1747  Louis Jean-Baptiste de Goyon    (b. 1682 - d. 1747)
                             de Matignon, comte de Gacé 
19 Sep 1747 - 1761         Louis Charles César Le Tellier, (b. 1695 - d. 1771)
                             marquis de Courtanvaux, comte 
                             d'Estrées 
25 Apr 1761 - 23 Jan 1771  Jean Charles Saint-Nectaire,    (b. 1685 - d. 1771)
                             marquis de Sénectère, marquis de
                             Saint Victour, marquis de Brinon-
                             sur-Sandres et de Pisani, baron
                             de Didonne et de Saint-Germain-
                             sur-Vienne dans la Marche,
                             seigneur de Brillac
c.Feb 1771 - Oct 1771      Jean Paul Timoléon de Cossé-    (b. 1698 - d. 1784)
                             Brissac, duc de Brissac
21 Oct 1771 -  1 Jan 1791  Guy André Pierre de Montmorency (b. 1723 - d. 1798) 
                             -Laval, duc de Laval, baron de
                             la Marche, marquis de Lezay

Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of La Rochelle
1694 - 1710                Michel Bégon, seigneur de la    (b. 1638 - d. 1710)
                             Picardière et de Mirbelin    
1710 - 1715                François de Beauharnais de La   (b. 1665 - d. 1746)
                             Boëche, baron de Beauville 
1716 - 1719                Jean-François de Creil, marquis (b. 1684 - d. 1762)
                             de Creil, Bournezeau, baron
                             de Brillac
1720 - 1726                Jean-Jacques Amelot de          (b. 1689 - d. 1749)
                             Chaillou, marquis de Combronde,  
                             baron de Châtillon-sur-Indre
1726 - 1736                Jérôme Bignon de Blanzy         (b. 1688 - d. 1743)
1737 - 1747                Charles Aimable Honoré Barentin (b. 1702 - d. 1804)
1747 - 13 Jun 1749         Gabriel Jean de Pleurre de      (b. 1713 - d. 1749)
                             Romilly, seigneur
                             d'Hardivilliers               
1749 - 1754                Louis Guillaume de Blair de     (b. 1716 - d. 1778)
                             Boisemont, seigneur de
                             Boisemont 
1755 - 1762                Jean de Baillon, seigneur de    (b. 1706 - d. 1771)
                             Servon, Courtys, Boiton
1762 - 1764                Gaspard Louis Rouillé d'Orfeuil (b. 1732 - d. 1791)
1764 - 1765                Louis Le Peletier de            (b. 1730 - d. 1799)
                             Morfontaine, marquis de
                             Montmélian
1765 - 1766                Guillaume Joseph Dupleix de     (b. 1727 - d. 1794)
                             Bacquencourt, seigneur de Bucy
Oct 1766 - 1773            Gabriel Sénac de Meilhan        (b. 1736 - d. 1803) 
1773 - 1775                Antoine Jean-Baptiste Robert    (b. 1733 - d. 1820)
                             Auget, baron de Montyon
1775 - 1781                Marie Pierre Charles Meulan     (b. 1739 - d. 1814)
                             d'Ablois
1781 - 1790                Jean-Jacques Philippe Isaac     (b. 1739 - d. 1794)
                             Gueau de Gravelle, marquis
                             de Reverseaux, comte de
                             Miermaigne

843                        Under the suzerainty of the King of France.
980                        County of Auvergne (Comitatus Arvernus [Arverniae]/Comté
                             d'Auvergne).
1155 - Jul 1189            Under English (Plantagenet) rule.
1155                       Quarrel of succession, de facto birth of the Dauphiné d'Auvergne,
                             territory of the competing family claiming the count.
1196 - Dec 1213            Under English (Plantagenet) rule.
1202 - 29 Apr 1551         Episcopal County of Clermont (comté épiscopal de Clermont) detached.
1214                       Almost the entire original county is integrated into the French
                             Royal Domain forming the Land of Auvergne (Terre d'Auvergne).
1281                       Abandonment to the claim of the comital title by the family of the
                             dauphiné d'Auvergne.
Oct 1360                   Land of Auvergne formed as the Duchy of Auvergne (Duché d'Auvergne),
                             with Riom as its capital, on the royal Terre d'Auvergne by
                             King Jean II, as an apanage for his third son Jean de Berry
                             (b. 1340 - d. 1416). It is passed by the latter's daughter Marie
                             to the dukes of Bourbon in Jun 1434.
Jun 1434 -  7 Oct 1522     Duchy of Auvergne an apanage of the dukes of Bourbon.
 7 Oct 1522 - 22 Sep 1531  Duchy of Auvergne passed as an apanage to Queen Louise de Savoie
                             (b. 1476 - d. 1531), mother of King Francis I.
22 Sep 1531                Duchy of Auvergne and the Dauphiné d'Auvergne re-incorporated into
                             the Royal Domain.
 7 Dec 1542                Généralité of Riom (to 1551, Issoire) established, covering
                             mostly the government of Auvergne.
29 Apr 1551 -  5 Jan 1589  County of Clermont an apanage of Queen Catherine de Medici
                             (b. 1519 - d. 1589).
21 May 1552 - 1556/63      Généralité of Riom abolished (from 21 Jun 1547, part of Lyonnais).
 5 Jan 1589 - 26 Aug 1610  County of Clermont an apanage of Charles de Valois, duc
                             d'Angoulême (b. 1573 - d. 1650).
26 Aug 1610                Counties of Auvergne and Clermont incorporated into Royal Domain.
c.1618                     Government of Auvergne (Gouvernement d'Auvergne) established
                             (detached from Lyonnais).
Oct 1773 - Nov 1778        County of Auvergne granted as an apanage to Charles-Philippe de
                             France, comte d'Artois (b. 1757 - d. 1836), later King Charles X.

Governors (Gouverneurs de la province de l'Auvergne)(in Clermont)
1659 - 1721                Godefroy Maurice de La Tour     (b. 1636 - d. 1721)
                             d'Auvergne, duc d'Albret, duc
                             de Château-Thierry, duc de
                             Bouillon 
1721 - 17 May 1730         Emmanuel Théodose de la Tour    (b. 1668 - d. 1730)
                             d'Auvergne, duc d'Albret, duc
                             de Château-Thierry, duc de
                             Bouillon 
17 May 1730 - 24 Oct 1771  Charles Godefroy de la Tour     (b. 1706 - d. 1771)
                             d'Auvergne, duc d'Albret, duc
                             de Chäteau-Thierry, duc de
                             Bouillon 
11 Nov 1771 -  1 Jan 1791  Godefroy Charles de la Tour,    (b. 1728 - d. 1792)
                             d'Auvergne, duc d'Albret, duc
                             de Château-Thierry, duc de
                             Bouillon

Intendants of Auvergne, of Riom, and Royal Commissioners
1695 - 1703                Antoine François Lefèvre        (b. 1651 - d. 1712)
                             d'Ormesson
1704 - 1708                Claude-Louis Le Blanc           (b. 1669 - d. 1728)
1708 - 1714                Marc-Antoine Turgot             (b. 1668 - d. 1748)
1714 - 1717                Louis-Claude Béchameil de       (b. 1682 - d. 1761)
                             Nointel
1717 - 1720                Claude Boucher, marquis d'Orsay (b. 1673 - d. 1752)
1720 - 1723                Gilles Brunet d'Évry            (b. 1683 - d. 1762)
1723 - 1730                Jean Louis Bidé de La           (b. 1688 - d. 1760)
                             Granville 
1730 - 1734                Daniel Charles Trudaine,        (b. 1703 - d. 1769)
                             sieur de Montigny et de
                             Champigny 
1734 - 1750                Bonaventure-Robert Rossignol    (b. 1697 - d. 1754)
1750 - 1752                François-Marie Peyrenc de Moras (b. 1718 - d. 1771)
1752 - 1757                Jean-Baptiste François de       (b. 1720 - d. 1797)
                             La Michodière
1758 - 1767                Simon Charles Sebastien Bernard (b. 1721 - d. 1767)
                             de Ballainvilliers 
1767 - 1773                Antoine Jean-Baptiste Robert    (b. 1733 - d. 1820)
                             Auget, baron de Montyon
1774 - 1789                Charles Antoine Claude de       (b. 1728 - d. 1824)
                             Chazerat, comte de Lezoux,
                             vicomte d'Aubusson

Flag of Kingdom of Navarre

6.. - 781                  Pamplona under Frankish rule (part of Gascogne).
714 - 755                  Pamplona city occupied by the Muslim Umayyad Caliphate.
15 Aug 778                 Battle of Roncevaux Pass, the rearguard of the Frankish army was
                             attacked by the Basque tribes killing Roland (Rotholandus).
781 - 798                  Pamplona under Muslim rule.
798 – 824                  Pamplona under Frankish rule (part of Gascogne).
820                        Viscounty of Béarn (Vicomitatus Benearniens/Vicomté de Béarn)
                             created as an hereditary viscounty granted to one of the Duke of
                             Gascogne's sons by the King of France Louis the Pious.
824                        Navarre separated from Gascogne by revolt; Kingdom of Pamplona
                             (Pampilonensium regnum)(see under Spain).
18 Oct 1035                Pamplona divided into separate Kingdom of Navarra (Regnum Navarrae/
                             Navarrorum)(see under Spain), Kingdom of Aragón, and Kingdom of
                             Castile.
 2 Feb 1231 -  8 May 1234  Navarra inherited by Aragón.
 8 May 1234 -  6 Apr 1305  Navarra inherited by Counts of Champagne (Comitatus Campaniensis/
                             Comté de Champaigne)(contested by Aragón).
 6 Apr 1305 -  1 Feb 1328  Navarra inherited by France.
27 Jun 1458 - 19 Jan 1479  Navarra in personal union with Aragón.
26 Apr 1290                Béarn acquired by the Counts of Foix (Comes Fuxiensis).
19 Jan 1479                Foix in personal union with Navarra/Navarre.
25 Jul 1512                Upper Navarre (Haute-Navarre)(the Kingdom of Navarra south of the
                             Pyrenees) is annexed to Castile and Aragón (from 1556, the Spanish
                             monarchy), but retaining its institutions and many privileges,
                             eventually neither part of the Crown of Aragón, nor the Crown of
                             Castile (Navarra declined representation at Cortes of Castile);
                             oath of allegiance of Estates 23 Mar 1513.
10 Sep 1512 - 1527         Lower Navarre (Kingdom of Navarra north of the Pyrenees) occupied by
                             Spain.
May 1521 - 30 Jun 1521     Navarrese-Béarnese army supporting the House of Albret briefly
                             occupies Spanish Navarre.
1528                       King Henri II, the legitimate King of Navarre (de facto deprived of
                             the rest of Navarre by Aragón-Castilian usurpation), decided to
                             transfer the seat of the royal institutions from Pamplona to
                             Saint-Palais (Donapaleu).
 2 Aug 1589                Kingdom of Navarre (Basse-Navarre) and the Principality of Béarn
                             in personal union with France, when Henri III of Navarre becomes
                             King Henri IV of France.
18 Jul 1607                Edict on union of Béarn and Navarre (revoking the letters patent of
                             1590 and 1591), united to the crown all estates which were within
                             the Kingdom of France.
c.1618                     Government of Bearn and Navarre (Gouvernement de la Basse Navarre
                             et du Béarn) established (detached from Guyenne).
20 Oct 1620                Béarn and (Basse-) Navarre fully incorporated into the royal domain
                             of France by King Louis XIII, Navarre is no longer considered
                             sovereign.
1682                       Généralité of Pau established, covering the government of Béarn and
                             Basse-Navarre (merged with the généralité of Auch Apr 1716 – 1767
                             and 1775 - 29 Mar 1784).
28 Oct 1789                Separate privileges of Béarn are abolished. 
 6 Nov 1789                French National Assembly removes the style Roi de Navarre (king of
                             Navarre) from the French royal style.
Dec 1789                   Estates (Etats) of Basse-Navarre and of Béarn are dissolved, the
                             status of pays d'Etats (provincial tax and fiscal self-
                             administration) is ended by the French National Assembly.
 4 Mar 1790                Benapara, Lapurdi, and Zuberoa merged with neighboring Béarn into
                             the département Basses-Pyrénées (renamed Pyrénées-Atlantiques
                             13 Apr 1970).
14 Sep 1791                Remaining privileges of Basse-Navarre are abolished.

Kings/Queens¹
- from 25 Jul 1512, in Basse-Navarre at Béarn only -
12 Feb 1479 - 30 Jan 1483  François Febus                   (b. 1467 - d. 1483)
30 Jan 1483 – 12 Feb 1517  Catharina I (Katalina I) –Queen  (b. 1468 – d. 1517)
                           - jointly with -
14 Jul 1484 – 14 Jun 1516  Jean III d'Albret (Joanes III)   (b. 1469 – d. 1516)
12 Feb 1517 – 25 May 1555  Henri II (Henrike II)            (b. 1503 – d. 1555)
25 May 1555 –  8 Jun 1572  Jeanne III (Joana III) –Queen    (b. 1528 – d. 1572)
                           - jointly with -
25 May 1555 – 17 Nov 1562  Antoine I de Bourbon (Antonio I) (b. 1518 – d. 1562)
 9 Jun 1572 – 14 May 1610  Henri III (Henrike III)          (b. 1553 – d. 1610)
                             (from 2 Aug 1589, Henri IV King of France)
14 May 1610 – 20 Oct 1620  Louis II (Luis II)               (b. 1601 – d. 1643)
                             (= Louis XIII King of France)
20 Oct 1620 - 14 Sep 1791  the kings of France

Governors of Béarn and Navarre (Gouverneurs de la province du Royaume de Navarre et
de la Principauté de Bearn)(in Pau)
1572 - 1593                Catherine de Navarre, duchesse   (b. 1559 - d. 1604)
                             d'Albret, comtesse d'Armagnac
                             et comtesse de Périgord (f)
 1 Mar 1593 - 1613         Jacques Nompar de Caumont,       (b. 1558 - d. 1652)
                             duc de La Force
1613 - 16 Aug 1644         Antoine II de Gramont, duc de    (b. 1572 - d. 1644)
                             Gramont
1644 - Jul 1678            Antoine III de Gramont, duc de   (b. 1604 - d. 1678)
                             Gramont
 2 Jul 1678 - 25 Oct 1720  Antoine IV Charles, comte de     (b. 1641 - d. 1720)
                             Guiche, duc de Gramont
1720 - 16 Sep 1725         Antoine V, duc de Guiche, duc    (b. 1671 - d. 1725)
                             de Gramont
1725 - 16 May 1741         Antoine VI Louis Armand, duc de  (b. 1688 - d. 1741)
                             Gramont
31 May 1741 - 11 May 1745  Louis, duc de Gramont            (b. 1689 - d. 1745)
15 May 1745 -  1 Jan 1791  Antoine VII, duc de Gramont,     (b. 1722 - d. 1801)
                             comte de Lescun

Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Béarn and of Navarre, of Pau
30 Nov 1699 - Jul 1701     François Guyet, marquis de       (b. 1663 - d. 1736)
                             Bantange, comte de Louhans,
                             baron de Saint-Germain-du-Plain
 3 Apr 1701 -  5 Apr 1704  Cardin Le Bret, comte de Selles, (b. 1675 - d. 1734)
                             seigneur de Flacourt et de
                             Pantin
 6 Apr 1704 - 15 Mar 1710  Antoine François Méliand         (b. 1670 - d. 1747)
15 Mar 1710 - 14 Jul 1710  Léon Étienne Le Camus, sieur de  (b. 1671 - d. 1710)
                             La Grange
 2 Aug 1710 - 29 Apr 1711  Charles Deschiens de Laneuville, (b. 1667 - d. 1737)
                             seigneur de Lalongue et Vialer
30 Apr 1711 -  2 Oct 1712  Antoine de Barillon d'Amoncourt, (b. 1671 - d. 1741)
                             marquis de Branges, vicomte de
                             Binson
 2 Oct 1712 -  3 Jan 1716  Louis Auguste Achille de Harlay  (b. 1679 - d. 1739)
                             de Bonneuil, comte de Cély
Apr 1716 - 1767            merged with généralité of Auch
1767 – 28 Sep 1774         Marius Jean-Baptiste Nicolas     (b. 1730 – d. 1804)
                             d'Aine (intendant of Béarn, of
                             Navarre and of Bayonne, of Pau)
Jan 1775 – 1784            merged with généralité of Auch
 9 Jan 1784 – 31 Aug 1785  François Claude Michel Benoit    (b. 1750 - d. 1813)
                             Le Camus de Neville
28 Dec 1785 –  6 Oct 1790  Claude François Bertrand de      (b. 1741 - d. 1794)
                             Boucheporn

 ¹The full style:
(a) 2 Aug 1589 - 6 Nov 1789: Par la grâce de Dieu, Roi de France et de Navarre/Dei Gratia Francorum et Navarrae Rex ("By the grace of God, king of France and of Navarre");
(d) 6 Nov 1789 - 21 Sep 1792: Par la grâce de Dieu, et par la loi constitutionnelle de l'Etat, Roi des Français ("By the grace of God, and by the Constitutional Law of the State, King of the French").

c.750                      Counties of Berry (Comitatus Bituricum) and Bourges (Comitatus
                             Bituricensis).
843                        Part of the French Royal domain.
c.878 - 92.                Part of Auvergne.
972                        County of Berry and Vicountcy of Bourges (Comitatus Bituricum et
                             Vicecomes Bituricensis/Comitatus Bituricum et Vicomte de Bourges).
1101                       Vicountcy of Bourges annexed by France.
1221                       Seigneuries of Châteauroux (Dominus Castri Radulphi) et Issoudun
                             (Dominus Exolduni) annexed. 
Oct 1360 - 21 Oct 1422     Berry granted as an apanage by King Jean II to Jean de Berry
                             (John of Poitiers)(b. 1340 - d. 1416) and his heirs.
Oct 1360                   Duchy of Berry (Bituricum Ducatus/Duché de Berry).
24 Nov 1461 - 24 May 1472  Berry granted as an apanage by King Louis XI granted to Charles
                             de France (b. 1446 - d.1472).
 7 Apr 1498 -  4 Feb 1505  Berry granted as an apanage by King Louis XII to his former wife
                             Joan of France (Jeanne de Valois)(b. 1464 - d. 1505).
1527 - 21 Dec 1549         Berry granted as an apanage by King Francis to his sister
                             Marguerite de Navarre (b. 1492 - d. 1549).
 7 Dec 1542                Généralité of Bourges established, covering more or less the
                             government of Berry and the northern part of the government 
                             of Marche.
29 Apr 1550 - 15 Sep 1574  Berry granted as an apanage by King Francis to his sister
                             Marguerite de Valois (b. 1523 - d. 1574).
21 Nov 1575 - May 1576     Berry granted as an apanage by King Henry III to his sister-in-law
                             and Queen dowager Elisabeth of Austria (b. 1554 - d. 1592).
May 1576 - 10 Jun 1584     Berry granted as an apanage to François de France, duc d'Alençon
                             (b. 1555 - d. 1584), brother of King Henri III.
 6 Dec 1589 - 29 Jan 1601  Berry granted as an apanage to Dowager Queen Louise de Lorraine-
                             Vaudémont (b. 1553 - d. 1601).
29 Jan 1601                Berry re-incorporated into the royal domain.
c.1618                     Government of Berry (Gouvernement de Berry) established (detached
                             from Orleanais).
Jun 1776 - 13 Aug 1790     Duchy of Berry granted as an apanage to Charles-Philippe de
                             France, comte d'Artois (b. 1757 - d. 1836), later King Charles X.

Governors (Gouverneurs de la province du Berry)(in Bourges)
14 Mar 1698 - May 1715     Adrien Maurice de Noailles,     (b. 1678 - d. 1766)
                             comte d'Ayen, duc de Noailles, 
                             marquis de Montclar, comte de
                             La Motte Tilly et de Nogent-le-
                             Roi, vicomte de Carlux
12 Aug 1715 - 21 Aug 1736  Louis d'Arpajon, marquis        (b. 1667 - d. 1736)
                             d'Arpajon, marquis de Châtres 
1737 - 1751                Louis Jean Claude de Talleyrand (b. 1680 - d. 1757) 
                             -Périgord, prince de Chalais
 1 Jan 1752 - 1760         Gabriel Marie de Talleyrand-    (b. 1726 - d. 1795)
                             Périgord, comte de Périgord 
19 Jun 1760 - 18 Jul 1789  Louis François Joseph de        (b. 1734 - d. 1814)
                             Bourbon, comte de La Marche,
                             (from 1776, prince de Conti)

Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Berry, of Bourges
Oct 1682 - 1702            Louis François d'Y de Séraucourt(b. 1645 - d. 1744)
1702 - 1706                Nicolas Étienne Roujault,       (b. 1662 - d. 1723)
                             seigneur de Villemain
1706 - 1709                Guy Carré, seigneur de Montgeron
1709 - 1715                Étienne Hyacinthe Antoine       (b. 1678 - d. 1736)
                             Foullé, marquis de Martangis
1716 - 1720                Marc Antoine Turgot de Saint-   (b. 1668 - d. 1748)
                             Clair, seigneur de Saint Clair
1720 - Aug 1728            Jacques Barberie de Courteille, (b. 1675 - d. 1731)
                             marquis de Courteille
1728 - 1767                Denis Dodart                    (b. 1698 - d. 1775)
1767 - 1776                Nicolas Dupré de Saint-Maur     (b. 1732 - d. 1791)
1776 - 1779                Charles Henri de Feydeau,       (b. 1754 - d. 1802)
                             marquis de Brou et de
                             Dampierre-en-Burly, comte
                             de Gien
1780 - 1790                Jean-Baptiste Claude Dufour de  (b. 1737 - d. 1797)
                             Villeneuve

Henrichemont

31 Aug 1605                Seigneury of Boisbelle in Berry purchased by Maximilien de Béthune,
                             duc de Sully (b. 1559 - d. 1641)(first minister of France) from
                             the Duke of Mantua and Nevers.
11 Jul 1606                Raised by the king to Principality of Henrichemont (Principauté
                             d'Henrichemont), a "sovereign" principality under the French
                             protectorate (princes were granted full taxation, justice and
                             coinage rights).
24 Sep 1766                Ceded to the royal domain, part of the government of Berry.
Jun 1776 - 13 Aug 1790     Henrichemont granted as an apanage to Charles-Philippe de
                             France, comte d'Artois (b. 1757 - d. 1836), later King Charles X.

Princes (title Prince d'Henrichemont et de Boisbelle, duc de Sully)
19 Jun 1694 - 23 Dec 1712  Maximilien V Pierre             (b. 1664 – d. 1712)
23 Dec 1712 -  2 Feb 1729  Maximilien VI Henri             (b. 1669 – d. 1729)
 2 Feb 1729 -  9 Apr 1761  Maximilien VII Louis            (b. 1685 – d. 1761)
 9 Apr 1761 - 24 Sep 1766  Maximilien VIII Antoine         (b. 1730 – d. 1786)

886                        County of Boulogne (Comitatus Bononiensis/Comté de Boulogne).
896 - 1212                 Ruled by the Counts of Flanders.
1212                       Confiscated by Philippe Auguste King of France and given in
                             apanage to his son Philippe Hurepel (b. 1200 - d. 1234), husband
                             of Mathilde de Dammartin (f)(b. 1202 - d. 1259).
1262 - Feb 1477            Under the Counts of Auvergne.
Feb 1477                   Confiscated by the French Crown as part of the Royal domain.
23 May 1493                Habsburgs renounced claims to Boulogne by Treaty of Senlis.
14 Sep 1544 - 16 May 1550  Boulogne occupied by the English.
20 Jul 1752                Government of Boulonnais (Gouvernement du Boulonnais)(one of the
                             "lesser governments") disunited from the government of Picardy
                             (Pays Boulonnais).

Governors (Gouverneurs du pays du Boulonnais)(in Boulogne)
20 Jul 1752 - 15 Apr 1782  Louis Marie Augustin d'Aumont   (b. 1709 - d. 1782)
                             de Rochebaron, duc d'Aumont
15 Apr 1782 -  1 Jan 1791  Louis Alexandre Céleste         (b. 1736 - d. 1814)
                             d'Aumont, duc d'Aumont, marquis
                             et duc de Villequier, marquis
                             de Genlis

Intendants
1542 - 1789                the Intendants of Amiens (see Picardie)

843                        Under the suzerainty of the King of France.
915                        Lordship of Bourbon (Dominium Borbonii [Borbonia]/Seigneurie
                             de Bourbon), under the House of Bourbon-Archambaud (1169-
                             1310, Bourbon-Dampierre; from 1310, Bourbon).
27 Dec 1327                Duchy of Bourbon (Ducatus Borboniensis [Borbonen]/Duché de Bourbon)
                             an apanage of the Royal domain (to 1531).
22 Sep 1531                Incorporated into the Royal domain.
 5 Feb 1543 - 9 Sep 1545   Granted as an apanage to Charles de Valois, duc d'Orléans (b. 1522
                             - 1545) for his third son by King Francis I.
 9 Sep 1545                Returns to the Royal domain.
18 Oct 1559 -  7 Sep 1651  Successively part of the dowers of Queen Catherine de Médicis
                             (b. 1519 - d. 1589) widow of Henri II, of Queen Elisabeth
                             d'Autriche (b. 1554 - d. 1592) widow of Charles IX, of Queen
                             Louise de Lorraine (b. 1553 - d. 1601) widow of Henri III, of
                             Queen Marie de Médicis (b. 1575 - d. 1642) widow of Henri IV, and
                             of Queen Anne d'Autriche (b. 1601 - d. 1666) widow of Louis XIII.
 8 Feb 1566 - 30 May 1574  Granted as an apanage for for Alexandre Édouard de France (future
                             King Henri III)(b. 1551 - d. 1589), younger brother of King
                             Charles IX of France.
30 May 1574                Returns to the Royal domain.
1587                       Généralité of Moulins established, covering the government of the
                             Boubonnais, north eastern part of Marche and southern part
                             of the Nivernais.
c.1643                     Government of Bourbonnais (Gouvernement de Bourbonois), detached
                             from Lyonnais.
1661 - 13 Aug 1790         Granted as an apanage to the Louis II de Bourbon, prince de Condé
                             "le Grand Condé" (b. 1621 - d. 1686) and his heirs. 

Governors (Gouverneurs de la province du Pays et Duché de Bourbonnois)(in Moulins)
13 Oct 1676 - 1709?        Françoise Louise de La Baume Le (b. 1644 - d. 1710)
                             Blanc, duchesse de La
                             Vallière (f) (= Louise de la Miséricorde)
                            (during minority of Charle-François)
20 Oct 1676 - 22 Jun 1739  Charles-François de La Baume    (b. 1670 - d. 1739)
                             Le Blanc, marquis (from Feb 1723)
                             duc de La Vallière 
22 Jun 1739 - Apr 1754     Louis-César de la Baume Le      (b. 1708 - d. 1780) 
                             Blanc, duc de la Valière 
15 Jul 1754 -  1 Jan 1791  Jean Henri de Moret,            (b. 1736 - d. 1812)
                             seigneur de Peyre, marquis de
                             Montarnal, seigneur de
                             Marchastel et de Marvejouls

Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Bourbonnais, of Moulins
1699 - Feb 1702            Jean II de Turmenyes de Nointel (b. 1668 - d. 1727) 
1702 - 1707                Gilles IV de Maupeou d'Ableiges,(b. 1647 - d. 1727)
                             comte d'Ableiges
 3 Dec 1707 - Aug 1709     Jacques Hardouin-Mansart, comte (b. 1677 - d. 1762)
                             de Sagonne
1709 - 1713                Jacques Étienne Turgot de       (b. 1671 - d. 1722)
                             Sousmons
1713 - 1720                Marc Antoine Turgot de Saint-   (b. 1668 - d. 1748)
                             Clair
1720 - 1723                Jean-Charles Doujat             (b. 1653 - d. 1726)
1723 - 1729                Gilles Brunet d'Evry, seigneur  (b. 1683 - d. 1762)
                             d'Evry
1729 - 1734                Barthélemy de Vanolles          (b. 1684 - d. 1770)
1734 - 1738                Bertrand René Pallu, seigneur   (b. 1692 - d. 1758)
                             de Ruau  
1738 - 1740                Louis Jean Bertier de Sauvigny  (b. 1709 - d. 1788)
                             vicomte de Tharot
1740 - 1744                Pierre Jean François de La Porte(b. 1710 - d. 1793)
1744 - 1756                Jean-Louis de Bernage, seigneur (b. 1716 - d. 1780)
                             de Vaux
1756 - 1760                Aimable-Pierre-Thomas de        (b. 1726 - d. 1794)
                             Bérulle
1760 - 26 Aug 1762         Jean Vincent Claude Le Nain     (b. 1724 - d. 1762)
1762 - 1765                Jacques de Flesselles           (b. 1730 - d. 1789)
1766 - 1777                Jean Samuel de Pont de          (b. 1725 - d. 1805)
                             Monderoux, seigneur de Monderoux
1777 - 1781                Jean-Jacques Philippe Isaac     (b. 1739 - d. 1794)
                             Gueau de Gravelle de Reverseaux,
                             marquis de Reverseaux, comte de
                             Miermaigne, seigneur, châtelain
                             de Theuville, Allonne, Beaumont,
                             Argenvilliers        
1781 - 1784                Antoine Jean Terray,            (b. 1751 - d. 1794)
                             vicomte de Rozières, seigneur
                             de Changy et Saint-Bonnet
1784 - 1788                Charles François Antoine de     (b. 1740 - d. 1788)
                             Barbarat de Mazirot, comte de
                             Muret, seigneur de Neuvron
27 Jul 1788 - 1789         Joseph Pierre François-Xavier   (b. 1750 - d. 1828)
                             Foullon de Doué, baron de Doué,
                             marquis de La Tournelle

443 - 534                  Part of the Kingdom of the Burgundians (Regnum Burgundionum).
534 - 10 Aug 843           Part of the Kingdom of the Franks.
561 - 751                  Part of Merovingian Kingdom of Burgundy (Regnum Burgundiae) as a
                             core Frankish realm, together with Austrasia and Neustria. Between
                             561-592 and between 639-737 several rulers of the Frankish
                             Merovingian dynasty use the title of "King of Burgundy" (rex
                             Burgundiae).
10 Aug 843                 Northwestern part of the former Burgundian lands (later as the
                             Duchy of Burgundy) part of the Kingdom of the West Franks
                             (Francia Occidentalis) by the Treaty of Verdun.
c.880 - 921                Richard "the Justiciar" as the margrave (marchio), then from
                             c.890, duke of Burgundy (dux Burgundionem/Burgundiae), in France,
                             with feudal suzerainty over the counties of Burgundy save Mâcon
                             (of Autunais, Beaunois, Avalois, Lassois, Dijonais, Memontois,
                             Attuyer, Oscheret, Auxois, Duesmois, Auxerrois, Nivernais,
                             Chaunois, and Massois).
1004                       Duchy of Burgundy (Ducatus Burgundiae/Duché de Bourgogne), reverts
                             to the French crown, and given to a cadet branch of Capetian
                             dynasty (which becomes extinct on 21 Nov 1361).
1272 - 17 Jan 1601         Bresse (Saltus Brixiae/Baugiaco) and Bugey (Bellicensis/Baugé)
                             (from 1080) possessions of the Counts of Savoy (confirmed by
                             Treaty of Paris 5 Jan 1354).
21 Jan 1330 - 21 Nov 1361  County of Burgundy and Duchy of Burgundy joined in personal union.
28 Dec 1361                King Jean II "le bon" of France inherits the Duchy of Burgundy. He
                             later declares it part of th French royal domain, but this is
                             resisted by the Burgundians.
 2 Jun 1364                King Jean II "le bon" grants the duchy, not in apanage, but in full
                             and complete donation, to his son Philippe ("Philippe le Hardi"),
                             (b. 1342 – d.1404) who becomes Duke Philippe II of Burgundy and
                             begins the house of Valois-Bourgogne (Burgundy)(secretly created
                             duke by the king on 6 Sep 1363).
 2 Jun 1364 -  5 Jan 1477  Duchy of Burgundy under Burgundian (Valois-Bourgogne) rule (see
                             under Franch-Comte).
 5 Jan 1477                Duke Charles "the Bold" of Burgundy (b. 1433 - d. 1477) dies in
                             battle at Nancy, his territories in France including the Duchy of
                             Burgundy and the counties of Artois, Auxerre, Boulogne, Charolais,
                             Chinon, Flanders, Mâcon, Picardie, Ponthieu, and Vermandois are
                             seized as reverted fiefs by the French King Louis XI.
19 Aug 1477 - 23 Dec 1482  Possession of the Duchy of Burgundy disputed between France and
                             the Habsburgs.
23 Dec 1482                Recognized as part of France by Treaty of Arras. Maximilian of
                             Habsburg recognized the French annexation of the Duchy of Burgundy
                             and several other territories.
 8 Sep 1513 - 13 Sep 1513  Failed siege of Dijon by Swiss and Imperial armies.
 7 Dec 1542                Généralité of Burgundy (Bourgogne) in Dijon established, covering
                             nearly all of the government of Burgundy (Bourgogne).
 6 May 1545                Government of the Duchy of Burgundy (Gouvernement du Duché de
                             Bourgogne) established.
17 Jan 1601                Bresse (Brixiae), Bugey (Bellicensis) and Valromey (Verromensis)
                             ceded to France by Savoy in the Treaty of Lyon, at first briefly a
                             separate government, and then part of the Duchy of Burgundy.
Dec 1789                   Estates (Etats) of Burgundy (Bourgogne) are dissolved, the status
                             of pays d'Etats (provincial tax and fiscal self-administration)
                             ended by the French National Assembly.

Governors (Gouverneurs de la province de Bourgogne et de Bresse)(in Dijon)
1676 -  1 Apr 1709         Henri Jules de Bourbon,         (b. 1643 - d. 1709)
                             (from 1686 prince de Condé),
                             duc de Bourbon, duc de Bellegarde,
                             duc de Châteauroux, duc de
                             Montmorency, duc d'Enghien, duc
                             de Guise, marquis de Graville,
                             comte de Sancerre, comte de
                             Charolais, seigneur de Chantilly
 1 Apr 1709 -  4 Mar 1710  Louis III de Bourbon-Condé,     (b. 1668 - d. 1710)
                             duc de Bourbon, duc de Montmorency,
                             duc d'Enghien, prince de Condé,
                             comte de Sancerre, comte de
                             Charolais, seigneur de Chantilly
 4 Mar 1710 - 27 Jan 1740  Louis IV Henri de Bourbon-Condé,(b. 1692 - d. 1740)
                             prince de Condé, duc de Bourbon, 
                             duc d'Enghien, duc de Guise,
                             duc de Bellegarde, comte de
                             Sancerre 
28 Jan 1740 - 1754         Paul Hippolyte de Beauvilliers, (b. 1684 - d. 1776)
                             duc de Saint-Aignan 
                            (during minority of Louis V)
19 May 1754 - 1789         Louis V Joseph de Bourbon-Condé,(b. 1736 - d. 1818)
                             prince de Condé

Intendants of Burgundy (Bourgogne), of Dijon
Feb 1694 - Jun 1705        François Antoine Ferrand,       (b. 1657 - d. 1731)
                             seigneur de Villemillon
Jul 1705 - Mar 1710        Anne Pinon, vicomte de Quincy   (b. 1652 - d. 1721)
Mar 1710 - Mar 1711        Charles de Trudaine, seigneur   (b. 1660 - d. 1721)
                             de Montigny  
1712 -  7 Apr 1740         Pierre Arnaud de Labriffe,      (b. 1678 - d. 1740)
                             marquis de Ferrières  
1740 - 1749                François Dominique Barberie     (b. 1701 - d. 1754)
                             de Saint-Contest, seigneur de
                             la Chastaigneraire  
1749 - 1761                Jean-François Joly de Fleury    (b. 1718 - d. 1802)
                             de la Valette
1761 - 1764                François Dufour de Villeneuve   (b. 1701 - d. 1781)
1764 - 1775                Antoine Jean Amelot, seigneur   (b. 1732 - d. 1795)
                             de Chaillou
1775 - 1781                Guillaume Joseph Dupleix de     (b. 1727 - d. 1794)
                             Bacquencourt, seigneur de Bucy
1781 - 1783                Claude Henri de Feydeau         (b. 1754 - d. 1802)
1784 - 1790                Antoine Léon Amelot de Chaillou (b. 1760 - d. 1824)

15 Jul 1218                The daughter of the seigneur de Baugé marries Humbert V de Beaujeu. 
                             The north of the Dombes became a possession of the French
                             house of Beaujeu, the southern part of Dombes remains with
                             the Thoire-Villars family.
 2 Aug 1400                Édouard II de Beaujeu leaves his lands, the lordship of Beaujeu
                             and County of Dombes, to the Duke of Bourbon Louis II.
1402                       Humbert VII de Thoire-Villars sells his lands to the Duke of
                             Bourbon Louis II.
17 Sep 1523 - 27 Nov 1560  Confiscated by the French Crown.
27 Nov 1560                Granted to Louis III de Bourbon-Vendôme, duc de Montpensier by
                             King Francis II of France, as Principality of Dombes (or Dombe)
                             (Principatum Dumbensis/Principauté de Dombes), a "sovereign"
                             principality under the French protectorate (the princes were
                             granted full taxation, justice and coinage rights).
24 Oct 1681                Given to the duke of Maine, a legitimized natural child
                             of King Louis XIV, by France.
28 May 1762                Ceded to the French crown, part of the Government of the Duchy of
                             Burgundy. Exchanged by Prince Louis-Charles with King Louis XV
                             for the vicomtés d'Argentan et d'Exmes, seigneurie de Sorel,
                             duché de Gisors, royal woods of Clary and the marquisat de Bizy.
1762 - Mar 1782            Généralité of Trévoux formed from the former Principality of
                             Dombes (in 1782 incorporated into Généralité of Dijon). 
27 Sep 1791                Part of département Ain.

Princess
 4 Jun 1627 - May 1682     Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans,        (b. 1627 - d. 1693)
                             duchesse de Montpensier
                             "la Grande Mademoiselle"
Princes¹
May 1682 - 14 May 1736     Louis-Auguste I de Bourbon, duc     (b. 1670 - d. 1736)
                             du Maine, duc d'Aumale et comte
                             d'Eu
14 May 1736 -  1 Oct 1755  Louis-Auguste II de Bourbon, duc    (b. 1700 - d. 1755)
                             Maine, duc d'Aumale et comte d'Eu  
 1 Oct 1755 - 28 May 1762  Louis-Charles I de Bourbon, duc     (b. 1701 - d. 1775)
                             d'Aumale, duc du Maine, duc de
                             Gisors, comte d'Eu, comte de Dreux,
                             prince d'Anet et baron de Sceaux

Chancellors (title Chancelier de Dombes)
1693 - 1695                Charles-Caton de Court              (b. 1654 - d. 1694)
1695 - 1727                Nicolas de Malézieu (Malézieux)     (b. 1650 - d. 1727)
1727 -  6 Jan 1737         Pierre Chol de Torpanne             (b. 1664 - d. 1737)
1737 - 1759                Jacques Marie du Tour Vuillard de   (b. 1695 - d. 1759)
                             Saint-Nizier
 3 Jan 1760 - 1762         Antoine Terrasson                   (b. 1705 - d. 1782)
1762                       Claude-Marie Thérèse de Tour Vuillard

French Governors of Dombes (title Gouverneurs de la Principauté de Dombes;
from 28 May 1762, Gouverneurs de Dombes)(with mostly military functions)
24 Mar 1630 - 1660         César Louis de Campet, comte        (b. 1600 - d. bf.1670)
                             de Saujon (Saujeon)
Dec 1660 - 1691            Claude de Damas, marquis d'Antigny, (d. 1691)
                             comte de Ruffey, baron de Chevrault,
                             seigneur du Breuil, d'Arbain, de
                             Buisson et de Pravains
1691 - 1731                François-Joseph de Damas, marquis   (b. 1656 - d. 1731)
                             d'Antigny, comte de Ruffey, baron
                             de Chevreault, seigneur du Breuil,
                             de Corberon et de Villy-Le-Brûlé
1732 - 30 May 1736         Joseph-François de Damas, marquis   (b. 1699 - d. 1736)
                             d'Antigny, comte de Ruffey, baron
                             de Chevreau, seigneur du Breuil
1736 - 1740                Jacques-François de Damas, marquis  (b. 1732 - d. 1811)
                             d'Antigny, comte de Ruffey,
                             seigneur du Breuil
1740 - 1771                François-Joseph de Damas, comte     (b. 1700 - d. 1782)
                             de Ruffey

Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Trévoux
(title Intendants de Justice, Police et Finances de Trévoux)
1696 - 1699                Benoît Cachet de Montézan, comte de (b. 1665 - d. 1742)
                             Garnérans
1699 - 1712                Antoine Des Rioux, comte de Messimy,(b. 1673 - d. 1712)
                             baron d'Albigny, seigneur de Bully,
                             de Mizérieux et de Sainte-Euphémie
1712 - 1730                Nicolas Bellet de Tavernost         (b. 1662 - d. 1730)
1730 - 1738                Pierre Cholier, comte de Cibeins    (b. 1664 - d. 1738)
1738 - 1758                Louis Cachet de Montézan, comte de  (b. 1690 - d. 1787?)
                             Garnerans
1758 - 1769                Jean-Benoît Cachet de Garnérans     (b. 1690 - d. 1787)
                             (1st time)
1769 - 1771                Louis Mathieu Benoît, baron de      (b. 1744 - d. 1790)
                             Fumel de Montségur
1771 - Mar 1782            Jean-Benoît Cachet de Garnérans     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)

 ¹The style of the princes: Son Altesse Sérénissime, Monseigneur le Prince de Dombes ("His Serene Highness, Monsignor the Prince of Dombes").

Duchy of Brittany Flag

Duchy of Brittany Banner of Arms

c.410 - c.420              Armorica (Brittany) under the Rei Bret's ("kings of the Bretons").
c.490 - c.640              Broërec (Bro-Wereg [Bro Waroch]), Cornouaille (Kernev) and Domnonée
                             (Domnonea) kingdoms.
753 - Aug 851              Breton March (Marchia Bretonica) of the Frankish Kingdom (included
                             the counties of Nantes, Vannes, and Rennes).
843                        Under the suzerainty of the Kingdom of the West Francia (Francia
                             Occidentalis).
849 - 907                  Kingdom of Brittany (Rouantelezh Breizh/Regum Britanniae Minoris/
                             Royaume de Bretagne).
907 - 937                  Viking occupation.
936 - 939                  War against the Vikings by Alain Barbetorte ending the Viking
                             occupation of Brittany.
938                        Duchy of Brittany (Dukelezh Vreizh/Ducatus Britanniae Minoris/
                             Duché de Bretagne).
1166 - 1203                Under English (Plantagenet) suzerainty. 
Feb/Mar 1214               Under the suzerainty of the Kings of France.
26 Sep 1345 - 20 Jul 1524  Under the Blois dynasty.
20 Jul 1524                Duchy of Brittany in personal union with the Royal domain.
13 Aug 1532                Estates of Brittany proclaim the perpetual union of Brittany
                             with the crown of France (Edict of Union with France). The edict
                             of Plessis-Macé signed 21 Sep 1532 delimited the fiscal, judicial
                             and ecclesiastical freedoms of the province (fully effected 1547).
31 Mar 1547                Accession of Duke Henri II of Brittany as King of France Henri II.
Jan 1552                   Généralité of Bretagne (Brittany) in Nantes established, covering
                             the government of Bretagne (Brittany).
1579                       Government of Brittany (Gouvernement de Bretagne) established.
1588 - Apr 1598            Philippe-Emmanuel de Lorraine, duc de Mercoeur (b. 1558 - d. 1602)
                             one of the leaders of the Catholic League, governor of Brittany
                             1582-1589, claims the rights of his minor son, a direct
                             descendant of the Duchess Jeanne de Penthièvre, and organizes a
                             government in Nantes, supported by Spain.
1689                       Intendancy of Brittany (Intendance de Bretagne) created at
                             Rennes (from 1786 at Nantes), after two attempts in 1636 and
                             1647. It includes the Generality of South Brittany (généralité de
                             Bretagne Sud), existing until 1774 - sitting in Nantes, and the
                             Generality of North Brittany (généralité de Bretagne Nord),
                             headquartered in Rennes.
 8 Jun 1761 - 10 May 1763  British occupation of Belle-Île (Belle-Île-en-Mer).
Dec 1789                   Estates (Etats) of Bretagne (Brittany) are dissolved, the status of
                             pays d'Etats (provincial tax and fiscal self-administration)
                             ended by the French National Assembly.

Governors (Gouverneurs de la province de Bretagne)(in Rennes)
26 Mar 1695 -  2 Dec 1736  Louis Alexandre de Bourbon,     (b. 1678 - d. 1737)
                             comte de Toulouse, duc de
                             Penthièvre, d'Arc, de
                             Châteauvillain et de Rambouille
 4 May 1738 -  7 Feb 1747  Louis d'Orléans, duc d'Orléans  (b. 1703 - d. 1752)
                            (during minority of duc de Rambouillet)
 7 Feb 1747 -  1 Jan 1791  Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon,    (b. 1725 - d. 1793)
                             duc de Rambouillet, de Gisors,
                             de Châteauvillain, d'Arc-en-
                             Barrois, d'Amboise, comte d'Eu
                             et seigneur du duché de Carignan,
                             (from 1775) duc de Penthièvre,
                             d'Aumale (appointed 31 Dec 1736)

Intendants of Brittany, of Rennes (from 1786, of Nantes)
16 Feb 1689 - Jan 1692     Auguste Robert de Pomereu,      (b. 1627 - d. 1702)
                             baron des Riceys, seigneur de
                             la Bretesche et Valmartin
Feb 1692 -  4 May 1703     Louis Béchameil, marquis de     (b. 1630 - d. 1703)
                             Nointel 
1705 - 1716                François Antoine Ferrand de     (b. 1657 - d. 1731)
                             Villemilan, seigneur de 
                             Villemilan
Jun 1716 - 1728            Paul Esprit Feydeau de Brou     (b. 1682 - d. 1767)
1728 - 1735                Jean-Baptiste des Gallois,      (b. 1675 - d. 1747)
                             seigneur de la Tour
1735 - 1753                Jean-Baptiste Élie Camus de     (b. 1702 - d. 1775)
                             Pontcarré, seigneur de Viarmes
1753 - 1765                Cardin François Xavier Le Bret  (b. 1719 - d. 1765)
1765 - 1767                Jacques de Flesselles           (b. 1730 - d. 1789)
1767 - 1771                François Marie Bruno d'Agay,    (b. 1722 - d. 1805)
                             comte d'Agay
1771 - 1775                Guillaume Joseph Dupleix de     (b. 1727 - d. 1794)
                             Bacquencourt 
1775 - 1784                Gaspard Louis Caze, baron de    (b. 1740 - d. 1824)
                             La Bove 
1784                       Marc Antoine Le Fèvre de        (b. 1751 - d. 1803)
                             Caumartin
1784 - 1788                Antoine François de Bertrand    (b. 1744 - d. 1818)
                             de Molleville 
14 Dec 1788 - 15 Jan 1790  Germain François Faure, comte   (b. 1754 - d. 1822)
                             de Rochefort

Belle-Île

 8 Jun 1761 - 10 May 1763  British occupation of Belle Isle (Belle-Île-en-Mer).

British Governors and Commanders-in-chief of Belleisle
 8 Jun 1761 - Oct/Nov 1761 Studholme Hodgson               (b. 1708 - d. 1798)
Oct/Nov 1761 - 17 Mar 1762 John Craufurd (Crawford)        (b. 1720 - d. 1764)
17 Mar 1762 -  6 Jul 1762  Hamilton Lambart (Lambert)      (d. 1774)
 6 Jul 1762 - 10 May 1763  James Forrester                 (d. 1765)

581                        Frankish Duchy of Champagne (Ducatus Campaniensis).
11 Aug 843 - 29 Sep 855    Champenois territory, except for the part of Burgundy that is
                             then the county of Troyes, is included in the Francia Media
                             (Middle France) kingdom by the Treaty of Verdun.
29 Sep 855 -  9 Aug 870    Part of Lotharii Regnum (Kingdom of Lotharingia) by Treaty of Prumm.
858 - 871                  The county of Troyes is confiscated by the King of France.
 9 Aug 870                 Champenois territory remaining Lotharingia is ceded to France by
                             the Treaty of Meerssen.
1021                       Count Odo II of Blois (b. c.983 - d. 1037) inherits the counties of
                             Meaux and Troyes along with Châteaudun, Chartres, Beauvais, and
                             Tours.
1089                       King Philip I France is able to arrange for Blois and Champagne
                             [Meaux and Troyes] to be divided between the sons of Thibaut
                             (Theobald) III of Blois, Count of Blois, Meaux and Troyes (and
                             uncle of Odo II)(b. 1012 - d. 1089).
1102                       County of Champagne (Comitatus Campania/Conté de Champaigne/
                             Comté de Champagne), merger of Meaux and Troyes counties.  
1234 - 14 Aug 1284         County of Champagne in personal union with Kingdom of Navarre.
14 Aug 1284 -  2 Apr 1305  Part of the French Royal domain.
29 Nov 1314                Incorporated into French Royal domain (Campania et Bria/Champagne
                             et Brie)(fully integrated in Nov 1361 by letters patent).
14 Mar 1336                Final treaty of Villeneuve for the abandonment of Champagne et Brie
                             to the King of France was concluded. In exchange for these
                             provinces, King Philip VI of France gave Queen Jeanne of
                             Navarre and her husband Philippe III d'Évreux: Angoulême and
                             Mortain counties, 5,000 livres tournois in annual and perpetual
                             annuities, 3,000 livres tournois in rent until they were on land,
                             and a payment of 7,000 livres.
 7 Dec 1542                Généralité of Châlons-en-Champagne established, covering the
                             government of Champagne et Brie.
 6 May 1545                Government of Champagne and Brie (Gouvernement de Champagne et Brie)
                             established.

English Governor of Champagne and Brie
1423 -  3 Nov 1428         Sir Thomas de Montagu           (b. 1388 - d. 1428)
                             (Montacute), Earl of Salisbury,
                             Baron Montagu, Baron Monthermer,
                             Count of Perche
Governors (Gouverneurs de la province de Champagne et de Brie)(in Troyes)
 9 Nov 1691 - 1693         François de Rohan, prince       (b. 1630 - d. 1712)
                             de Soubise, comte de Rochefort
  7 Nov 1693 -  1 Jul 1741  Hercule Mériadec de Rohan,      (b. 1669 - d. 1749)
                             duc de Rohan-Rohan, prince
                             de Soubise
 1 Jul 1741 - 1751         Charles de Rohan, duc de Rohan, (b. 1715 - d. 1787)
                             prince de Soubise, comte de
                             Saint-Pol
19 Sep 1751 - 1769         Louis de Bourbon-Condé, comte   (b. 1709 - d. 1771)
                             de Clermont-en-Argonne, abbé
                             de Saint-Germain-des-Prés
11 Feb 1769 - 17 Jul 1789  Louis Joseph de Bourbon-Condé,  (b. 1736 - d. 1818)
                             prince de Condé

Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Champagne, of Châlons
1700 - 1702                Jean-Baptiste de Pommereu,       (b. 1656 - d. 1732)
                             seigneur de la Bretèche,
                             marquis de Riceys
1703 - 1711                André d'Harouys de La Seilleraye,(b. 1661 - d. 1731)
                             seigneur de La Rivière et de
                             La Seilleray
1712 - 1730                César Charles de Lescalopier,    (b. 1671 - d. 1753)
                             seigneur de Nourard
1730 - 1739                Félix François Aubéry, marquis   (b. 1681 - d. 1743)
                             de Vastan, baron de VieuxPont
1739 - 1750                Charles Étienne Lepeletier       (b. 1702 - d. 1785)
                             de Beaupré, seigneur de
                             Pesselières
1751 - 1764                Henri Louis Barberie de Saint-   (b. 1708 - d. 1772)
                             Contest de la Chataigneraie,
                             sieur de la Chataigneraie
1764 - 1790                Gaspard Louis Rouillé d'Orfeuil  (b. 1732 - d. 1791)

561 - 843                  Part of Frankish Kingdom of Burgundy.
11 Aug 843 - 29 Sep 855    Part of Francia Media (Middle France) kingdom by Treaty of Verdun.
844                        County of Vienne (Comitatus Viennensis/comté de Vienne) created.
29 Sep 855 - 25 Jan 863    Part of Kingdom of Burgundy and Duchy (later called Kingdom of
                             Provence) under Charles de Provence.
25 Jan 863 -  9 Aug 870    Part of Lotharii Regnum (Kingdom of Lotharingia).
870 - 933                  Vienne part of Kingdom Lower Burgundy (Basse-Bourgogne).
933 - 1349                 Part of the Kingdom of Burgundy (Arelate).
1023                       County of Vienne granted to the Archbishop of Vienne by King Rudolf
                             III of Burgundy.
c.1030 - 1142              County of Albon (comté d'Albon) or County of Albon-Viennois (Comté
                             d'Albon-Viennois), a fief from the County of Vienne, itself part
                             of the Kingdom of Burgundy.
1142                       County of Dauphiné (Comitatus Delphinatus Viennensis/Comté du
                             Dauphiné).
1142 - 1349                Dauphiné de Viennois province of the Kingdom of Burgundy (Arelate).
13 Jun 1316                Fiefs of Valentinois and Diois attached to the Kingdom of France.
Feb 1349                   King Philippe VI of France buys the city of Montpellier from
                             Jaume III of Mallorca.
16 Jul 1349                Dauphiné de Viennois part of French Royal domain. Humbert II de
                             Viennois, the last independent Dauphin, sold his estates to
                             Charles de Normandie (b. 1338 - d. 1380), son of King Jean II of
                             France, against 200,000 guilders by Treaty of 30 Mar 1349
                             (Province du Dauphiné). Charles rules as Dauphin to 8 Apr 1364
                             when he becomes King as Charles V "le Sage" of France.
 5 Jan 1355                King of France exchanges the Barony of Faucigny (which had been part
                             of Dauphiné de Viennois since 1304) with the Duke of Savoy for
                             the fiefdoms of Savoy in Viennois. Faucigny returns to France
                             27 Nov 1792-20 Nov 1815 and since 14 Jun 1860.
 3 Apr 1446                Counties of Valentinois and Diois (comtés de Valentinois et de
                             Diois) added to the province.
May 1447                   Pope Nicholas V cedes his rights over the Lordship of Montélimar (a
                             Papal possession since 6 Oct 1340) to the Dauphin, the future
                             King Louis XI of France.
21 Sep 1450                Treaty of Moras, Count-Archbishop Jean de Poitiers recognizes the
                             Dauphin as temporal ruler over the city of Vienne.
1454 - 1542                Part of the Généralité d'Outre Seine et Yonne fiscally attached to
                             the Île-de-France.
 8 Apr 1457                The left bank of Valentinois, as the rest of the Dauphiné, joined
                             the Royal Domain and definitively ceased to be considered to be
                             "the share of the Empire".
 7 Dec 1542                Généralité of Grenoble established, covering the government of
                             Dauphiné (1658–1679 attached to généralité of Lyon).
 6 May 1545                Government of Dauphine (Gouvernement de Dauphiné) established.
18 Jul 1642 -  4 Aug 1789  Duchy of Valentinois (Duché de Valentinois) given in apanage to the
                             Princes of Monaco.
Dec 1789                   Estates (Etats) of Dauphiné are dissolved (not convened 1628-
                             1788), the status of pays d'Etats (provincial tax and fiscal
                             self-administration) ended by the French National Assembly.

Governors (Gouverneurs de la province du Dauphiné)(in Grenoble)
12 Oct 1691 - 29 Jan 1725  Louis d'Aubusson de la          (b. 1673 - d. 1725)
                             Feuillade, duc de Roannais,
                             baron de la Borne, baron de
                             Pérusse, comte de la Feuillade,
                             seigneur de Felletin 
 6 Sep 1719 -  4 Feb 1752  Louis d'Orléans, duc d'Orléans  (b. 1703 - d. 1752)
 4 Feb 1752 - 18 Nov 1785  Louis Philippe d'Orléans,       (b. 1725 - d. 1785)
                             duc d'Orléans, de Valois, de
                             Nemours et de Montpensier
21 Nov 1785 -  1 Jan 1791  Louis Philippe Joseph d'Orléans,(b. 1747 - d. 1793)
                             duc d'Orléans
                            (from 1792, "Philippe Egalité")

Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Dauphiné, of Grenoble
Mar 1686 - May 1705        Étienne Jean Bouchu, marquis    (b. 1655 - d. 1715)
                             de Sancergue et de Lessart,
                             baron de Loisy et de Pont-de-
                             Vesle
1706 - 1716                Nicolas Prosper Bauyn, seigneur (b. 1675 - d. 1740)
                             d'Angervilliers
1716 - 1724                Charles Boucher d'Orsay,        (b. 1675 - d. 1730)
                             seigneur d'Orsay
1724 - 1740                Gaspard Moïse Augustin de       (b. 1693 - d. 1767)
                             Fontanieu 
1740 - 1744                Louis Jean Bertier de Sauvigny, (b. 1709 - d. 1788)
                             vicomte de Tharot
1744 - 1761                Pierre Jean François de la Porte
1761 - 1784                Christophe Pajot de Marcheval,  (b. 1724 - d. 1792)
                             seigneur de Marcheval,
                             Millançay, Nung
1784 - 1790                Gaspard Louis Caze de La Bove,  (b. 1740 - d. 1824)
                             baron de la Bove

 7 Nov 1659                Southern part of Hainaut, later called French Hainaut (Hainaut
                             Français), namely Avesnes, Landrecies, Quesnoy declared to belong
                             to France (administered by Picardie) under the Treaty of the
                             Pyrenees along with Valenciennes and Maubeuge from 17 Sep 1678
                             from the Spanish Netherlands.
28 Feb 1667                Lille occupied by France.
 2 May 1668                Wallon Flanders (bailiwick of Lille) and southwest Hainaut annexed
                             by France (administered by Picardie) from the Spanish (Habsburg)
                             Netherlands by the Treaty of Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle).
1668                       Flanders part of the French Royal domain.
1676                       Government of Flanders and Hainaut (Gouvernement de Flandre et
                             Hainaut [Gouvernement de Flandres Françoise]) established
                             (detached from Picardie).
28 Feb 1677 - 17 Mar 1677  French siege and capture of Valenciennes.
17 Sep 1678                Prince-bishopric of Cambrai (under the Habsburg protection from
                             1543), latter Cambrésis, annexed by France from the Holy Roman
                             Empire by the Treaty of Nijmegen.
1678                       Généralité of Valenciennes established, covering the southern
                             part of the government of Flanders (Hainaut).
1691                       Généralité of Lille established, covering the northern part of
                             the government of Wallon Flanders, Maritime Flanders, and
                             from 1754 the government of Artois (Intendance de Flandre et
                             d'Artois).
1699                       Sovereignty of France over Merville, La Motte-aux-Bois, Templemars,
                             Vendeville following the 1697 Treaty of Ryswick.
1716                       Généralité of Dunkerque (or Flandre Maritime) attached to Lille.
Dec 1789                   Estates (Etats) of Flanders and of Cambrésis are dissolved, the
                             status of pays d'Etats (provincial tax and fiscal self-
                             administration) ended by the French National Assembly.

Governors (Gouverneurs de la province de Flandre et du Hainaut)(in Lille)
31 Aug 1694 - 1711         Louis-François de Boufflers,    (b. 1644 - d. 1711)
                             duc de Boufflers 
 2 Apr 1711 -  2 Jul 1747  Joseph Marie, duce de Boufflers (b. 1706 - d. 1747)
1711 - 1725                Catherine Charlotte de Gramont, (b. 1669 - d. 1739)
                             duchesse de Boufflers (f)
                            (acting, during minority of duce de Boufflers)
13 Jul 1747 - 13 Sep 1751  Charles Joseph Marie, duc       (b. 1731 - d. 1751) 
                             de Boufflers
26 Sep 1751 -  2 Jul 1787  Charles, duc de Rohan-Rohan     (b. 1715 - d. 1787)
 4 Sep 1787 -  1 Jul 1791  Charles Eugène Gabriel de La    (b. 1727 - d. 1801)
                             Croix, marquis de Castries

Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Flanders, of Lille
Aug 1684 - 1709            Dreux Louis Dugué de Bagnols,   (b. 1645 - d. 1709)
                             seigneur de Bagnols
1709 - 1715                Charles Étienne Maignart,       (b. 1667 - d. 1717)
                             marquis de Bernières, la
                             Rivière-Bourdet
1715 - 1718                Philibert d'Orry                (b. 1689 - d. 1747)
1718 - 1730                Antoine François Méliand        (b. 1670 - d. 1747)
1730 - 1743                Julien Louis Bidé de La         (b. 1688 - d. 1760)
                             Grandville  
Mar 1743 - Jul  1754       Jean Moreau de Séchelles,       (b. 1690 - d. 1761)
                             seigneur de Séchelles
Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Flanders and Artois, of Lille
Aug 1754 - 1756            Jean Louis Moreau de Beaumont,  (b. 1715 - d. 1785)
                             seigneur de Beaumont
21 Mar 1756 - 1778         Antoine Louis François Lefebvre (b. 1725 - d. 1803)
                             de Caumartin, marquis de
                             Saint-Ange, comte de Moret
13 May 1778 -  3 Nov 1783  Charles Alexandre de Calonne    (b. 1734 - d. 1802)
Nov 1783 - 1790            Charles François Hyacinthe      (b. 1736 - d. 1793)
                             d'Esmangart, seigneur de
                             Montigny, des Bordes, de
                             Feynes, Pierrerue
Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Hainault and Quesnoy, and
of Artois, of Valenciennes
1698 - 1705                Charles Étienne Maignart,       (b. 1667 - d. 1717)
                             marquis de Bernières
Dec 1705 - Jul 1708        Nicolas-Étienne Roujault        (b. 1662 - d. 1723)
Jul 1708 - 1719            Jean-Charles Doujat             (b. 1653 - d. 1726)
 7 Jan 1720 - 1724         Louis René de Voyer de Paulmy,  (b. 1694 - d. 1757)
                             marquis d'Argenson  
1725 - 1727                Félix Aubrey, marquis de Vastan (b. 1681 - d. 1743)  
1727 - 1743                Jean Moreau, seigneur de        (b. 1690 - d. 1761)
                             Séchelles
Mar 1743 - 1745            Jean-Baptiste Machault          (b. 1701 - d. 1794)
                             d'Arnouville  
1745 - 1752                Jacques Pineau, baron de Lucé,  (b. 1709 - d. 1764)
                             seigneur de Viennay
1752 - 1754                François Marie Peyrenc de Moras (b. 1718 - d. 1771)
Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Hainaut, of Valenciennes
1754 - 1755                François Marie Peyrenc de Moras (s.a.)
1755 - 1764                Louis Guillaume de Blair,       (b. 1716 - d. 1778)
                             seigneur de Boisemont et
                             Courtemanche
11 Nov 1764 - 1775         Louis Gabriel Taboureau des     (b. 1718 - d. 1782)
                             Réaux
Aug 1775 -  6 Jun 1790     Gabriel Sénac de Meilhan        (b. 1736 - d. 1803) 

12 Oct 1646                Conquered by France from Spanish Netherlands (Flanders) and made
                             part of government of Picardie with its own gouverneur-
                             particulier.
16 Sep 1652 - 24 Jun 1658  Spanish re-occupation of Dunkerque.
25 May 1658 – 24 Jun 1658  Anglo-French siege.
24 Jun 1658 - 29 Nov 1662  English occupation (by treaty with France)(Dunkirk).
27 Oct 1662                Dunkirk sold to France by England for 5 million livres.
1662 - 1667                Administered by Intendants of Amiens (in Picardy).
1667                       Généralité of Flandre maritime (Maritime Flanders).
c.1687                     Dunkerque an independent government (one of the "lesser
                             governments") from the provincial government of Picardy.
 9 Oct 1715                Généralité of Flandre maritime abolished and joined to the
                             generality of Lille.
12 Nov 1728                Government of Dunkerque abolished, territory part of the
                             government of Flanders.

Governors (Gouverneurs de Dunkerque)
1646 - 14 Sep 1650         Josias de Rantzau, comte de     (b. 1609 - d. 1650)
                             Rantzau (Josias von Rantzau)
1650 - 1651                Godefroi, comte d'Estrades      (b. 1607 - d. 1686)
                             (1st time)
1652 - 1658                Spanish occupation
English Governors of Dunkirk 
24 Jun 1658 - 14 Jun 1660  William Lockhart                (b. 1621 - d. 1675)
14 Jun 1660 - 22 May 1661  Sir Edward Harley               (b. 1624 - d. 1700)
22 May 1661 - 29 Nov 1662  Andrew Rutherford (Rutherfurd), (b. c.1620 - d. 1664)
                             Earl of Teviot
Governors (Gouverneurs de Dunkerque)
1662 - 26 Feb 1686         Godefroi, comte d'Estrades      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1686 - 1692                Louis Godefroi, marquis         (b. 1637/42 - d. 1712)
                             d'Estrades
 1 Oct 1692 - 1714         Jacques Eléonor Rouxel, comte   (b. 1655 - d. 1725)
                             de Grancey, baron de Médavy
1714 - 20 Aug 1728         Louis François Rouxel, comte    (b. 1667 - d. 1728)
                             de Grancey

Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Flandre maritime, of Dunkerque
1667 - 1672                Louis Robert                    (b. 1636 - d. 1706)
1672 - 1680                Denis Le Boistel, seigneur de
                             Chatignonville
Dec 1680 -  9 Jan 1699     François Demadrys               (b. 1649 - d. 1699)
                             (or Madrys, Demadry)
1699 -  7 Sep 1705         Charles-Honoré Barentin         (b. 1667 - d. 1705)
1705 - Jun 1708            Charles-Étienne Maignart,       (b. 1667 - d. 1717)
                             marquis de Bernières
1708 - 1716                Claude-Louis Le Blanc           (b. 1669 - d. 1728)

843                        Under the suzerainty of the King of France.
c.1012                     County of Foix (Comitatus Fuxensis/Comté de Foix/
                             Comtat de Foix/Comtat de Fois) erected by Count of
                             Carcassonne for his son.
1118                       Donezan, along with the rest of the County of Cerdanya, passed to
                             the Count of Barcelona Raimond-Bérenger III.
1208                       Donezan (Donnezan) enfeoffed to the Counts of Foix by the King
                             of Aragón.
1237                       Count Roger IV of Foix became Lord of Andorra on the death of his
                             mother Ermessinde.
 8 Sep 1278                Count of Foix becomes Co-prince of Andorra. Andorra a condominium
                             in accordance with the Pareatge (charter) by the Count of Foix
                             (from 12 Feb 1479, title is held by kings of Navarra) and
                             the Bishop of Urgell (in Aragón, later Spain)(ratified 7 Oct
                             1282, amended 6 Dec 1288).
26 Apr 1290                Viscount of Béarn was attached to the County of Foix on
                             the death of Gaston VII of Béarn.
1310                       Marsan County attached to the County of Foix on the death
                             of Constance de Moncade (f).
1396 - 1396                Foix occupied by Aragón.
1425                       Bigorre county attached to Foix County.
1447                       Narbonne viscounty is acquired by Gaston IV.
12 Feb 1479                Foix in personal union with Navarre upon the death of Éléonore
                             d'Aragon-Navarre.
18 Jul 1607                Foix, Bigorre counties incorporated into the French Royal domain.
1666                       Government of Foix and Andorra (Gouvernement du Comté de Foix et
                             d'Andorre) established, detached from Languedoc.
Dec 1789                   Estates (Etats) of Foix are dissolved, the status of pays d'Etats
                             (provincial tax and fiscal self-administration) are ended by the
                             French National Assembly.

Counts/Countesses of Foix (title Dei gratia comes Fuxi)
24 Feb 1265 -  3 Mar 1302  Roger-Bernard (Bernat) III      (b. 12.. - d. 1302)
 3 Mar 1302 - 13 Dec 1315  Gaston I                        (b. 1287 - d. 1315)
13 Dec 1315 - 26 Sep 1343  Gaston II                       (b. 1308 - d. 1343)
13 Dec 1315 - 1319         Marguerite de Béarn (f) -Regent (b. c.1250 - d. 1319)
26 Sep 1343 -  1 Aug 1391  Gaston III (Gaston-Fébus)       (b. 1331 - d. 1391)
26 Sep 1343 - 13..         Aliénor de Comminges (f)-Regent (b. 13.. - d. 1402)
 1 Aug 1391 - Aug 1398     Mathieu (Matheus)               (b. c.1363 - d. 1398)
Aug 1398 - 12 Feb 1412     Isabelle (Isabella) (f)         (b. 1360 - d. 1428)
                           - jointly with -
10 May 1399 - 12 Feb 1412  Archambaud de Grailly           (b. c.1329 - d. 1412)
12 Feb 1412 -  4 May 1436  Jean I                          (b. 1382 - d. 1436)
 4 May 1436 - 21 Jul 1472  Gaston IV                       (b. c.1423 - d. 1472)
21 Jul 1472 -  7 Jan 1483  François I (François-Febus)     (b. 1467 - d. 1483)
23 Jan 1483 - 11 Feb 1517  Catherine (f)                   (b. 1468 - d. 1517)
14 Jun 1484 - 26 Jun 1516  Jean II de Labrit               (b. 1469 - d. 1516) 
11 Feb 1517 - 29 May 1555  Henri II de Labrit              (b. 1503 - d. 1555)
29 May 1555 -  9 Jun 1572  Jeanne III de Labrit (f)        (b. 1528 - d. 1572)
                           - jointly with -
29 May 1555 - 17 Nov 1562  Antoine                         (b. 1518 - d. 1562)
 9 Jun 1572 - 14 May 1610  Henri III (Henri IV)            (b. 1553 - d. 1610)

Governors (Gouverneurs de la province de Foix et d'Andorre)(in Foix)
(also in charge of relations with Andorra)
1646 - 1673                Armand Jean de Peyré, comte     (b. 1598 - d. 1672)
                             de Trois-Villes
1673 - 1678                Jean Roger de Foix-Rabat, dit   (b. c.1635 - d. 1688)
                             le marquis de Foix
1678 - 1687                Gaston Jean de Lévis, marquis   (b. 1635 - d. 1687)
                             de Mirepoix
1687 - 1699                Gaston Jean-Baptiste de Lévis,  (b. 1660 - d. 1699)
                             marquis de Mirepoix 
1699 - 25 Apr 1701         Vacant
25 Apr 1701 - 1702         Camille d'Hostun de La Baume    (b. 1652 - d. 1728)
                             Tallard, duc de Tallard 
1704 - 10 Jul 1737         Henri Joseph de Ségur, comte    (b. 1661 - d. 1737)
                             de Ségur,
1737 - 18 Jun 1751         Henri François de Ségur, comte  (b. 1689 - d. 1751)
                             de Ségur, baron de Romainville,
                             seigneur de Ponchat et de
                             Fougueyrolles, 
1751 -  1 Jan 1791         Philippe Henri de Ségur, marquis(b. 1724 - d. 1801)
                             de Ségur

Intendants
1660 – 1790                the Intendants of Perpignan
                           (see Rousillon)

443 - 534                  Part of Kingdom of the Burgundians (Regnum Burgundionum).
534 - 561                  Part of the Frankish kingdom.
561 - 616                  Part of the (Merovingian) Kingdom of Burgundy.
616 - Aug 843              Part of the Frankish kingdom.
Aug 843 - Sep 855          Part of Kingdom of the Middle Franks (Francia media).
Sep 855 - Aug 870          Part of Kingdom of Lotharingia (Regnum Lotharii).
Aug 870 - Jan 888          Part of Kingdom of the East Franks (Francia orientalis).
Jan 888 - 933              Part of Kingdom of (Upper) Burgundia (Regnum Burgundiae).
933                        Lower and Upper Burgundy re-united as the Kingdom of Burgundy
                             (Regnum Burgundiae), later called Kingdom of Arles (Arelat)
                             (Regnum Arelatense)(nominally to 1378).
 6 Sep 1033                Burgundia Comitatus becomes a subject to the Holy Roman Empire
                             when the Kingdom of Arles/Burgundy is inherited by the Emperor.
1184 - 1668                Besançon (Bisanz) a free imperial city (freie reichsstadt); it
                             formerly was under the Archbishop of Besançon 1034-1290 (who
                             becomes a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire in 1288), from 1290
                             directly subject to the Holy Roman Emperors, and from 1668 under
                             the Spanish kings.
Mar 1295                   King of France Philippe IV "le Bel" obtains the County of
                             Burgundy (Comitatus Burgundiae) and grants it to his second son
                             Philippe "le Long" as an apanage.
21 Jan 1330 - 21 Nov 1361  County of Burgundy and Duchy of Burgundy joined in personal union.
14-20 Aug 1336             Duchy of Burgundy lays seige to Besançon, but fails to take it.
1366                       The name Franche Comté de Bourgogne (Burgundiae comitatus/
                             Freigrafschaft Burgund) appears officially for the first time.
30 Jan 1384                Philippe (III) "le Hardi", son of French King Jean II "le Bon"
                             (who had already been granted the Duchy of Burgundy in Jun 1364
                             as his apanage and marries Margaret of Flanders heiress of the
                             Franche-Comté in Jun 1369), inherits it and reunites it with
                             the Duchy Burgundy.
16 Mar 1405 -  5 Jan 1477  Dukes of Burgundy possession (Comitatus Burgundiae/Comté
                             Bourgogne).
 5 Jan 1477                Occupied by France, Franche-Comté definitively separated from the
                             Duchy of Burgundy.
19 Aug 1477 - 23 Dec 1482  Possession of the County of Burgundy disputed between France and
                             the Habsburgs.
23 Dec 1482                Peace of Arras divides Burgundy. Archduke Maximilian I of Habsburg
                             obtains Franche-Comté and Louis XI of France retains most of
                             his other Burgundian fiefdoms except for the County of Flanders.
22 Jul 1483                Charles VIII of France receives Franche-Comté (Latin: Comitatus
                             Burgundiae; Frainc-Comtou: Fraintche-Comtè; Arpitan: Franche-
                             Comtât) as the dowry of Margaret of Austria, daughter of Archduke
                             Maximilian I of Habsburg.
23 May 1493                Charles VIII of France retro-cedes the County to the Austrian
                             Archduke Maximilian I of Habsburg (who had married Marie de
                             Bourgogne the daughter of Duke Charles "the Bold" of Burgundy),
                             by the Treaty of Senlis (Comitatus Burgundiae/Freigrafschaft
                             Burgund).
14 Mar 1516 - 10 Aug 1678  Possession of the Spanish Habsburg monarchy (Comitatus Burgundiae/
                             Franco Condado). It was not annexed to Spain and remained a domain
                             within the Holy Roman Empire.
28 May 1636 - 15 Aug 1636  French siege of the Comté-Bourgogne capital Dole, fails to take
                             the city. Between 1636 to 1639 the Franche-Comté becomes a
                             principal battleground during the Thirty Years' War leaving the
                             Comtois desolated and depopulated.
 6 Feb 1688 -  8 Feb 1688  French siege of Besançon.
 8 Feb 1668 -  9 Jun 1668  Occupied by France
 2 May 1668                Confirmed as Spanish by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen), in
                             exchange for strongholds in the north (Lille, Tournai, Douai,
                             Armentières, etc.) being ceded to France.
12 Oct 1673                French invasion beings.
24 Apr 1674 - 15 May 1674  French siege of Besançon.
15 May 1674 - 10 Aug 1678  Re-occupied by France (Château de Saint-Anne captured 10 Aug 1674).
1674                       Government of Franche-Comté (Gouvernement de Frânche-Comté
                             [Gouvernement du Comté de Bourgogne]) established.
26 Aug 1676                Généralité of Besançon established, covering the government of
                             Franche-Comté and the former Imperial free city of Besançon.
10 Aug 1678                Formally incorporated to France as part of French Royal domain.
17 Sep 1678                Annexation recognized by Spain and by the Holy Roman Empire in the
                             Treaty of Nijmegen, the prince-archbishop of Besançon ceases to
                             participate in the Council of Princes of the Imperial Diet.
Dec 1789                   Estates (Etats) of Franche-Comté are dissolved (not convened 1704-
                             1788), the status of pays d'Etats (provincial tax and fiscal
                             self-administration) ended by the French National Assembly.
 3 Jan 1814 -  6 Jun 1814  Occupied by Austrian, Prussian and Allied forces (see Franche-Comté
                             in 1814 under France).

French Military Governor
 8 Feb 1668 -  9 Jun 1668  François Michel Le Tellier,        (b. 1641 - d. 1691)
                             marquis de Louvois
Spanish Deputy Governors (Gouverneurs suppléants du comté de Bourgogne pour le roi d'Espagne)
Aug 1668 - Jul 1671        Charles Eugène de Ligne,           (b. 1633 - d. 1681)
                             prince d'Arenberg
Jul 1671 - Apr 1673        Gerónimo de Benavente-Quiñones y   (b. c.1611 - d. c.1680)
                             Hurtado
Apr 1673 - 15 May 1674     Francisco González de Alvelda      (b. 1595 - d. 1682)
                             (captain-general of the Lands and County of Burgundy)
French Governors (Gouverneurs de la province de Franche-Comté)(in Besançon) 
15 May 1674 - 30 Jul 1675  François Michel Le Tellier,        (s.a.)
                             marquis de Louvois
30 Jul 1675 - 12 Oct 1704  Jacques-Henri de Durfort,          (b. 1625 - d. 1704)
                             comte et marquis de Duras
                             (from 1689, duc de Duras)
14 Oct 1704 - 30 Mar 1728  Camille d'Hostun de La Beaume,     (b. 1652 - d. 1728)
                             duc d'Hostun 
30 Mar 1728 -  6 Sep 1755  Marie Joseph d'Hostun de La Beaume,(b. 1683 - d. 1755)
                             duc d'Hostun, comte de Tallard
11 Sep 1755 -  8 Jul 1770  Jean-Baptiste de Durfort,          (b. 1684 - d. 1770)
                             duc de Duras 
 8 Jul 1770 -  8 Sep 1789  Emmanuel Félicité de Durfort,      (b. 1715 - d. 1789)
                             duc de Duras 
 8 Sep 1789 -  1 Jan 1791  Vacant

Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Franche-Comté, of Besançon
(Intendants de Justice, Police et Finances de Franche-Comté, de Besançon)
Feb 1698 - Aug 1700        Jean-Baptiste Desmarets de         (b. 1646 - d. 1700)
                             Vaubourg, seigneur de Cramaille
                             et de Saponay
Aug 1700 - Nov 1702        André d'Harouys de La Seilleraye   (b. 1661 - d. 1731)
                             seigneur de La Rivière et de
                             La Seilleraye
Jan 1703 - May 1708        Louis de Bernage, seigneur de      (b. 1663 - d. 1737)
                             Saint-Maurice et de Vaux
24 May 1708 - Sep 1717     Pierre Hector Le Guerchois,        (b. 1670 - d. 1740)
                             seigneur de Sainte-Colombe
 4 Sep 1717 - 30 Mar 1718  Olivier François de Paule          (b. 1686 - d. 1718)
                             Lefèvre d'Ormesson, seigneur
                             de Cheray
11 Apr 1718 - Jul 1734     Charles Deschiens de La Neuville   (b. 1667 - d. 1737)
30 Jul 1734 -  1 Mar 1743  Barthélémy de Vanolles             (b. 1684 - d. 1770)
18 Feb 1744 - 1750         Jean Nicolas Mégret de Sérilly,    (b. 1702 - d. 1752)
                             comte de Chapelaine, seigneur
                             de Sommessous, Auximont et
                             Vassimont
30 Jul 1750 - 1754         Jean Louis Moreau de Beaumont,     (b. 1715 - d. 1785)
                             seigneur de Beaumont
26 Sep 1754 - 1761         Pierre Étienne Bourgeois de        (b. 1718 - d. 1783)
                             Boynes, marquis de Boynes,
                             comte de Gueudreville, marquis
                             de Sains, baron de Laas
Apr 1761 - Apr 1784        Charles André de Lacoré            (b. 1720 - d. 1784)
1784 - 1790                Marc Antoine Le Fèvre de           (b. 1751 - d. 1803)
                             Caumartin de Saint-Ange

507                        Frankish Duchy of Aquitaine (Ducatus Aquitaniae).
602                        Frankish Duchy of Vasconia (Wasconia)(Ducatus Wasconia).
628 - 632                  Kingdom of Aquitaine (Regum Aquitaniae), a Frankish sub-kingdom
                             consisting of Gascony and the southern fringe of Aquitaine.
660 - 769                  Vasconia in personal union with Aquitaine.
Jun 732 - Oct 732          Muslim troops under Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi plunder the
                             country and capture Bordeaux.
768                        Duchy of Gascony (Ducatus Wasconia/Ducat de Gasconha/
                             Duché de Gascogne).
781 - 877                  Kingdom of Aquitaine (Regum Aquitaniae).
842 - 844                  Bayonne occupied and pillaged by the Vikings.
843                        Under the suzerainty of the Kings of France.
845                        Duchy of Aquitaine (Ducatus Aquitaniae/Ducat d'Aquitània/
                             Duché d'Aquitaine).
847 - 848                  Bordeaux occupied and pillaged by the Vikings.
1032 - 1035                Gascony under suzerainty of King Sancho of Pamplona.
1039 - 1052                Gascony under suzerainty of Navarre.
1053                       Gascony inherited by the Duchy of Aquitaine.
 1 Aug 1137 - 21 Mar 1152  King Louis VII of France married to Eleanor of Aquitaine, Duchess of
                             Aquitaine and Gascony.
19 Dec 1154 - 12 Oct 1453  Guyenne (Aquitaine) and Gascony under English rule, under the
                             (sometimes nominal) vassalage to the King of France (declared
                             confiscated by the King of France May 1294 - 8 Sep 1303 and
                             24 May 1337 - 24 Oct 1360).
28 May 1259                Current French form "Guyenne" first appeared in a Franco-English
                             Treaty of Paris (having evolved from "Aquitaine" as "Aguidaina",
                             "Aguiaina" [in French: "Aguienne"], "Aguiienne" and "la Guienne".
                             This also paralleled its evolution in Gascon, where "Aguiaina"
                             became "Guiana").
1271                       Quercy part of French Royal domain (under English rule again
                             briefly 8 May 1360-1373/80).
1306                       Soule viscountcy part of the French Royal domain. 
 3 Jan 1322                Bigorre county (confiscated 1292-1303) part of French Royal domain.
31 Mar 1325                Agenais (Agenois) county and Bazadais part of French Royal domain.
18 Mar 1450                Labourd viscountcy (vicomté de Labourd) part of the French
                             Royal domain.
May 1451 - 23 Oct 1451     French occupy Bordeaux.
23 Oct 1451 - 19 Oct 1453  English re-occupy Bordeaux.
19 Oct 1453                Bordelais (Bordeaux) and Chalosse part of the French Royal domain.
27 Jan 1469 - 24 May 1472  King Louis XI of France gives the Duchy of Guyenne as an apanage to
                             his brother Charles de France, duc de Berry (b. 1446 - d. 1472).
24 May 1472                Duchy of Guyenne (Duché de Guyenne) returns to the French Royal
                             domain.       
 4 Jan 1523                Généralité of Guyenne established (Jan 1635, renamed Généralité of
                             Montauban), covering the eastern part of the government of Guyenne
                             (and until the 1716 creation of Auch also the southern part).
 7 Dec 1542                Généralité of Bordeaux established, covering the western coastal
                             part of government Guyenne (headquarters Bordeaux, at Agen 1542-
                             1566).
 6 May 1545                Government of Guyenne and Gascony (Gouvernement de Guienne et
                             Gascogne) established.
18 Jul 1607                Albret, Armagnac and Périgord counties part of French Royal domain.
 6 May 1716                Généralité of Auch, separated from Montauban, covering the
                             southern part of the government of Guyenne.
29 Mar 1784                Généralité of Bayonne, separated from Auch, covering several pays
                             d'Etats (local tax and fiscal self-administrations) in the
                             valleys of the Pyrenees.
Dec 1789                   Estates (Etats) of Bigorre, Labourd, Marsan, Nebouzan, Quatre-
                             Vallees, and Soule are dissolved, their status of pays d'Etats
                             ended by the French National Assembly.

English King's Lieutenants in the Duchy of Aquitaine (Lieutenant du duché d'Aquitaine/Gascogne)
1248 - 1254                Simon de Montfort, Earl of      (b. c.1208 - d. 1265)
                             Leicester
c.1260                     Gui de Lusignan           
29 Nov 1269 -  7 Nov 1271  Sir Roger de Leybourne          (b. 1215 - d. 1271)
                             (left Dec 1270)
1272                       Thomas de Clare                 (b. c.1245 - d. 1287)
 7 Feb 1278 - Sep 1278     Othon de Grandson (Grandison)   (b. c.1238 - d. 1328)
                           + Robert Burnell, Bishop of     (b. 1239 - d. 1292)
                             Bath and Wells
18 Oct 1283 - Nov 1283     Jean I de Grailly               (d. c.1301)
Jul 1287-31Aug/1 Sep 1288  William de Middleton, Bishop    (d. 1288)
                             of Norwich
 9 Jun 1289 - 15 Jul 1292  Maurice V de Craon              (b. c.1255 - d. 1293)
12 Jul 1293 - 22 Mar 1294  John Saint John                 (b. 1225 - d. 1302)
 1 Jul 1294 -  3 Oct 1295  Jean de Bretagne II, Earl of    (b. c.1266 - d. 1334)
                             Richmond (1st time)
20 Oct 1295 -  5 Jun 1296  Edmund, Earl of Lancaster       (b. 1245 - d. 1296)
 3 Dec 1295 - 25 Dec 1297  Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln  (b. 1251 - d. 1311)
                             (interim; then acting from 5 June 1296)
28 Apr 1298 -  3 Dec 1299  Sir Gui Ferre                   (b. 1261 - d. 1323)
 1 Nov 1299 - 24 Jul 1302  Barrau de Sescas (Sescars)
                           + Pey-Arnaut de Vic (Bic)
23 Aug 1302 -  1 Aug 1304  John Hastings, Baron Hastings   (b. 1262 - d. 1313)
 2 Aug 1310 - 1311         Jean de Bretagne II, Earl of    (b. c.1266 - d. 1334)
                             Richmond (2nd time)
24 Jan 1312-bf.12 Oct 1312 John de Ferrers, Baron          (b. 1271 - d. 1313)
                             Ferrers of Chartley
28 Oct 1312 - 1313         Estèbe Ferréol, seigneur de     (b. 1271 - d. 1312)
                             Tonneins
20 Jul 1324 - 1325         Edmund of Woodstock, Earl of    (b. 1301 - d. 1330)
                             Kent
 1 Jul 1338 - 1341         Bernat-Etz V, seigneur d'Albret,(b. 1295 - d. 1358)
                             vicomte de Tartas
                           + Oliver de Ingham, sénéchal    (b. c.1287 - d. 1344)
                             de Gascogne
c.20 Jan 1341              Bernat-Etz V, seigneur d'Albret,(s.a.)
                             vicomte de Tartas 
                           + Hugues de Genève, seigneur    (d. 1365)
                             d'Anthon et de Varey
24 Mar 1344 - 134.         Henry of Grosmont, Earl of      (b. c.1310 - d. 1361)
                             Derby
                           + Richard Fitz Alan, Earl of    (b. 1313 - d. 1376)
                             Arundel
29 Aug 1349 - 13..         Henry de Grosmont, Earl of      (s.a.)
                             Derby
 6 Mar 1352 - 1355         Ralph Stafford, Earl of Stafford(b. 1301 - d. 1372)
10 Jul 1355 - 1357         Edward of Woodstock, Prince     (b. 1330 - d. 1376)
                             of Wales "the Black Prince"
20 Jan 1360 - 1362         John Chandos, Viscount of       (b. c.1320 - d. 1369)
                             Saint-Sauveur
11 Oct 1370 - 21 Jul 1371  John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster(b. 1340 - d. 1399)
                             (1st time)
20 Apr 1372 - 23 Jun 1372  John of Hastings, Earl of       (b. 1347 - d. 1375)
                             Pembroke (did not take office)
1373 - 1374                John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster(s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
10 Jun 1378 - Feb 1381     John de Neville, Baron Neville  (b. c.1337 - d. 1388)
                             of Raby
25 Mar 1388 -  2 Mar 1390  John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster(s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
24 Jun 1394 - 1398         Sir Henry Percy "Hotspur"       (b. 1364 - d. 1403)
 1 Sep 1398 - 1399         John de Beaufort, Marquis of    (b. c.1371 - d. 1410)
                             Dorset
 5 Jul 1401 - May 1403     Edward, Earl of Rutland and Cork(b. c.1373 - d. 1415)
11 Jul 1412 - 14 Jul 1413  Thomas, Duke of Clarence        (b. 1387 - d. 1421)
26 Jun 1413 - 14 Jul 1414  Thomas Beaufort, Earl of Dorset (b. 1377 - d. 1426)
27 Mar 1439 - 21 Dec 1440  John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon(b. 1395 - d. 1447)
 2 Sep 1452 - 17 Jul 1453  John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury (b. 1384 – d. 1453)
12 Sep 1453 - 19 Oct 1453  William Bonneville, Baron       (b. 1392 - d. 1461)
                             Bonneville of Chewton
                            (appointed, did not arrive)
Governors (Gouverneurs de la province de Guienne)(in Bordeaux)
27 Mar 1698 -  5 Nov 1712  Charles Honoré d'Albert,        (b. 1646 - d. 1712)
                             duc de Luynes, duc de Chevreuse
28 Dec 1712 -  4 Dec 1755  Louis Charles de Bourbon,       (b. 1701 - d. 1775)
                             duc d'Aumale, comte d'Eu 
 4 Dec 1755 -  8 Aug 1788  Louis François Armand de        (b. 1696 - d. 1788)
                             Vignerot, duc de Richelieu, 
                             duc de Fronsac 
 8 Aug 1788 -  1 Jan 1791  Vacant

Seneschals of Gascony (Sénéchal de Gascogne)(after 1360, of Aquitaine [Sénéchal d'Aquitaine])
1201 - 1202                Robert de Turnham               (b. c.1162 - d. 1211)
1214                       Geoffrey de Neville (1st time)  (b. c.1153 - d. 1225)
1214 - 1217                Renaud de Pons                  (b. c.1189 - d. 1228)
1218 - 1219                Geoffrey de Neville (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1220 - Oct 1220            Philip de Ulcotes (Oldcoates)   (d. 1220)  
                             (did not take office)
1221                       Hugh de Vivonne (1st time)      (b. c.1149 - d. 1249)
1221 - 1224                Savari (Savaury) de Mauléon     (b. 1181 - d. 1236)
1225                       Richard, Earl of Cornwall       (b. 1209 - d. 1272)
1227 - 1230                Henry de Turberville (1st time) (d. 1239)
1231                       Richard de Burgh                (b. c.1194 - d. 1242/43)
                             (never took office)
1231 - 1234                Hugh de Vivonne (2nd time)      (s.a.)
1234 - 1237                Henry de Turberville (2nd time) (s.a.)
1237 - 1238                Hubert Hoese
1238                       Henry de Turberville (3rd time) (s.a.)
1241 - 1242                Rostan de Soler
1242 - 1243                Sir John Maunsell               (b. c.1190 - d. 1265)
1243 - 1245                Sir Nicholas de Moels           (b. c.1195 - d. 1268/69)
1245 - 1247                William de Boell
1247 - 1248                Drogo de Barentyn (1st time)    (d. 1264/65)
1248                       Simon de Montfort, Earl of      (s.a.)
                             Leicester      
1248                       Richard de Grey                 (b. 1195 - d. 1271)
1250                       Drogo de Barentyn (2nd time)    (s.a.)
                           + Peter de Bordeaux
1253 - 1254                Sir John de Grey                (b. 1205 - d. 1266)
1254 - 1255                Sir Stephen Bauzan              (b. af.1210 - d. 1257)
1255                       Stephen Longespée               (b. c.1216 - d. 1260)
1259 - 1260                Sir Bertrand III de Cardaillac  (b. 1241 - d. 1282)
1260                       Drogo de Barentyn (3rd time)    (s.a.)
1266 - 1268                Jean I de Grailly (1st time)    (d. c.1301)
1268 - 1269                Thomas d'Ippegrave              (d. c.1278)
1269                       Fortaner de Cazeneuve
c.Jun 1271 - 1272          Hugh de Turberville             (b. c.1202 - d. 1293)
c.18May 1272 - c.Jul 1278  Sir Luke de Tany                (d. 1282)
c.Aug 1278 - 18 Oct 1283   Jean I de Grailly (2nd time)    (s.a.)
18 Oct 1283 - Dec 1283     John de Vaux                    (b. c.1220 - d. 1287)
                             (did not take office)
c.23 Nov 1283 - 1287       Jean I de Grailly (3rd time)    (s.a.)
Jul 1287 - 1288            William de Middleton, Bishop    (s.a.)
                             of Norwich
c.8 May 1288 - 22 Mar 1294 Sir John de Havering (1st time) (b. c.1250 - d. 1309)
 1 Jul 1294 -  2 Feb 1297  John Saint John                 (s.a.)
                             (French prisoner to 1299)
23 Aug 1302 - 24 Mar 1305  Sir John de Hastings (1st time) (s.a.)
24 Mar 1305 -  2 Aug 1308  Sir John de Havering (2nd time) (s.a.)
12 Mar 1308 - Sep 1309     Sir Gui Ferre                   (s.a.)
24 Oct 1309 - Jan 1312     Sir John de Hastings (2nd time) (s.a.)
                             (acting from Feb 1310)
Aug 1311 - Feb 1312        Assieu de Galard, dit le Jeune  (d. bf.1337)
                             (acting for Hastings)
24 Jan 1312-bf.28 Oct 1312 John de Ferrers, Baron Ferrers  (s.a.)
                             of Chartley
28 Oct 1312-af.3 Feb 1313  Estèbe Ferréol, seigneur de     (s.a.)
                             Tonneins
 5 Jul 1313 - Aug 1316     Amaury III de Craon (Créon)     (b. 1280 - d. 1333)
                             (1st time)
18 Jul 1316 -  3 Nov 1317  Gilbert Pecche                  (b. 1268 - d. 1322)
 3 Nov 1317 - 20 Nov 1318  Antonio di Pessagno             (b. c.1280 – d. af.1334)
20 Nov 1318 -  6 Nov 1319  William de Montague, Baron      (b. c.1275 - d. 1319)
                             Montague
 6 Nov 1319 - 28 Feb 1320  Amanieu du Foussat, seigneur de
                             Madaillan (acting)
28 Feb 1320 - 22 Jul 1320  Maurice de Berkeley, Baron      (b. 1271 - d. 1326)
                             Berkeley
22 Jul 1320 - 11 Apr 1322  Amaury III de Craon (Créon)     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
11 Apr 1322 -  7 Jul 1322  Fulk Lestrange                  (b. 1267 - d. 1324)
11 Jun 1323 - 15 Mar 1324  Ralph Basset, Baron Basset      (b. 1273 - d. 1343)
                             of Drayton (1st time)
15 Mar 1324 - Jul/Sep 1324 Robert de Shirland              (d. 1324)
 1 Apr 1324 - 21 Jul 1324  Richard de Grey, Baron Grey     (b. 1281 - d. 1335)
21 Jul 1324 - 18 Nov 1324  Ralph Basset, Baron Basset      (s.a.)
                             of Drayton (2nd time)
18 Nov 1324 - 14 Aug 1325  Sir John de Wisham (Wysham)     (b. c.1290 - d. 1332)
18 Nov 1324 - 13? Jul 1325 John de Segrave "the Elder"     (b. 1256 - d. 1325)
13 Jul 1325 - 10 Mar 1326  Henri IV de Sully               (d. 1335)
10 Mar 1326 - 24 Feb 1327  Sir Oliver de Ingham (1st time) (b. c.1287 - d. 1344)
24 Feb 1324 - 29 Jun 1331  Sir John de Haustede            (b. c.1290 - d. 1337)
29 Jun 1331 - 20 Jul 1343  Sir Oliver de Ingham (2nd time) (s.a.)
15 Mar 1338 - 1343         Sir John de Norwich             (b. c.1298 - d. 1362)
20 Jul 1343 - 24 Feb 1345  Nicholas de la Beche            (b. c.1291 - d. 1345)
25 Feb 1345 - 24 Mar 1347  Ralph de Stafford, Baron        (s.a.)
                             Stafford
25 Mar 1347-c.28 May 1349  Sir Thomas Coke
20 Jun 1349 - 1350         Frank van Hallen                (d. 1375)
                             (Frank de la Halle, Frank de Hale)
13 Sep 1350 - 135.         John de Cheverston (1st time)   (b. c.1333 - d. 1375)
c.13 Feb 1354              Arnaut-Bernat III de Preissac
                             (Soudan de Préchac or Preissac or Soudan de La Trau or La Trave)
20 Mar 1354 - 1361         John de Cheverston (2nd time)   (s.a.)
 1 Jul 1361 - 11 Nov 1361  Richard Stafford, Baron         (b. 1305 - d. 1380)
                             Stafford of Clifton 
12 Nov 1361 - 1362         John Chandos, Viscount of       (s.a.)
                             Saint-Sauveur
 8 Jun 1362 - Jul 1362     John de Chiverston (3rd time)   (s.a.)
1363 -  1 Sep 1377         Sir Thomas de Felton            (b. c.1325 - d. 1381)
12 Apr 1378 - 17 Feb 1381  John de Neville, Baron Neville  (s.a.)
                             of Raby (acting)
17 Feb 1381 -  1 Mar 1385  Sir William le Scrope (1st time)(b. c.1350 - d. 1399)
                             (provisional to 1 February 1382)
 1 Mar 1385 - 25 Jun 1389  Sir John Harpeden (Harpedenne)  (d. 1438)
25 Jun 1389 - 1390         John Trailly (1st time)         (b. c.1343 - d. 1400)
1390 - 1394                Sir William le Scrope (2nd time)(s.a.)
1394? - 1397               John Trailly (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1397 - 1399                Archambaud de Grailly           (b. 1330 - d. 1412)
23 Dec 1399 - Jun 1415     Galhart II de Durfort,          (b. c.1346 - d. 1442)
                             seigneur de Duras et Blanquefort
 8 May 1415 - 1423         John Tiptoft, Baron Tiptoft     (b. 1370 - d. 1443)
 1 May 1423 - 1436         Sir John Radcliffe (Radclyff)   (b. 1378 - d. 1441)
 9 Apr 1404 - 14 Jul 1442  Sir Thomas Rempston II          (b. 1398 - d. 1458)
 5 Aug 1441 - 15 Aug 1441  Sir Robert de Vere (1st time)   (b. c.1410 - d. 1461)
15 Aug 1442 - c.1 Mar 1443 Sir Robert Roos (Ros)           (b. c.1394 - d. 1448)
                            (regent and governor of office of seneschal)
 1 Dec 1442 - 15 Nov 1445  Sir William Bonneville, Baron   (b. 1392 - d. 1461)
                             Bonville (1st time)
15 Nov 1445 - 1450         Sir Robert de Vere (2nd time)   (s.a.)
22 Nov 1450 - 1450         Sir William Bonneville, Baron   (s.a.)
                             Bonville (2nd time)
18 Oct 1450 - 1451         Sir Richard Woodville           (b. 1405 - d. 1469)
                             (did not take office)
 4 Jul 1453 - 19 Oct 1453  Roger Camoys, Lord Camoys       (b. 1406 - d. 1473)

Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Auch
 2 May 1716 -  7 Mar 1718  Gaspard François Le Gendre de   (b. 1668 - d. 1740)
                             Lormoy, seigneur de Lormoy et
                             de Saint-Aubin, baron de
                             Monclar
1719 -  3 Apr 1731         Charles Nicolas Leclerc de      (b. 1679 - d. 1749)
                             Lesseville, seigneur puis comte
                             de Charbonnières, baron
                             d'Authon, seigneur du Grand-
                             Bouchet, Les Buis, Saint-Leu,
                             Saint-Prix, Rubelles
 1 May 1731 - 27 Oct 1734  Michel Gervais Robert de        (b. 1685 - d. 1734)
                             Pomereu, marquis des Riceys
Feb 1735 - Mar 1737        Paul Mailhard de Balosre
Mar 1737 - 29 May 1739     François Dominique Barberie     (b. 1701 - d. 1754)
                             de Saint-Conest, marquis de
                             Saint-Contest et de La
                             Chastaigneraire
1739 -  2 Feb 1744         Jean Nicolas Mégret de Sérilly, (b. 1702 - d. 1752)
                             comte de Chapelaine, seigneur
                             de Sommessous, Auximont et
                             Vassimont
Feb 1744 -  1 Mar 1749     Gaspard Henri Caze de la Bove   (b. 1711 - d. 1750)
Jun 1749 - 1751            Étienne Jean-François d'Aligre  (b. 1717 - d. 1757)
                             de Boislandry
10 May 1751 - 24 Aug 1767  Antoine Mégret d'Étigny         (b. 1719 - d. 1767)
 9 Jan 1768 - 25 Dec 1775  Étienne Louis Journet           (b. 1716 - d. 1775)
28 Jan 1776 - 1782         Gabriel Isaac Douet de La
                             Boullaye
24 Jun 1782 - Feb 1784     Charles Bonaventure François    (b. 1751 - d. 1794)
                             Xavier Gravier de Vergennes,
                             marquis de Vergennes
1784 - 26 May 1786         Pierre Charles Fournier de La   (b. 1746 - d. 1794)
                             Chapelle, marquis de La
                             Chapelle, seigneur de Laval,
                             Roisette et Argilliers
Jun 1787 -  6 Oct 1790     Claude François Bertrand de     (b. 1741 - d. 1794)
                             Boucheporn
Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Guyenne, of Bordeaux
Mar 1686 - Aug 1700        Louis Bazin de Bezons,          (b. c.1643 - d. 1700)
                             seigneur de Bezons
 3 Sep 1700 - 1709         Yves Marie de La Bourdonnaye    (b. 1653 - d. 1726)
                             de Coëtion, marquis de La
                             Bourdonnaye, vicomte de Coëtion
14 Aug 1709 - 1720         Guillaume Urbain de Lamoignon,  (b. 1674 - d. 1742)
                             de Courson, marquis de La Mothe,
                             comte de Launay-Courson et de
                             Montrevault
Oct 1720 - Jul 1743        Claude Boucher                  (b. 1673 - d. 1752)
15 Jul 1743 - Jun 1757     Louis Urbain Aubert, marquis de (b. 1695 - d. 1760)
                             Tourny, baron de Naly 
20 Jun 1757 - 14 Sep 1760  Claude Louis Aubert de Tourny   (b. 1722 - d. 1760)
Sep 1760 - 1766            Charles Robert Boutin, dit      (b. 1722 - d. 1810)
                             Boutin de La Coulommière
Oct 1766 - 1770            François Fargès de Polisy,      (b. 1730 - d. 1792)
                             seigneur de Polisy
29 Mar 1770 - 1775         Charles François Hyacinthe      (b. 1736 - d. 1793)
                             d'Esmangart 
 7 Sep 1775 - 1776         Jean Étienne Bernard Ogier de   (b. 1729 - d. 1776)
                             Clugny, baron de Nuits
1776 - 1785                Nicolas Dupré de Saint-Maur     (b. 1732 - d. 1791)
1785 - 1790                François Claude Michel Benoit   (b. 1750 - d. 1813)
                             Le Camus de Neville
Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Montauban (of Haute-Guyenne)
 8 Nov 1699 - 1714         Gaspard François Le Gendre de   (b. 1668 - d. 1740)
                             Lormoy, seigneur de Lormoy et
                             de Saint-Aubin, baron de
                             Monclar
1714 - 1720                Jean-Baptiste Louis Laugeois,   (b. 1670 - d. 1734)
                             seigneur d'Imbercourt
1720 - 1725                Louis Basile de Bernage,        (b. 1691 - d. 1767)
                             seigneur de Saint-Maurice,
                             de Vaux et de Chassy
1726 - 1740                Pierre Pajot de Nozereau,       (b. 1691 - d. 1772)
                             seigneur de Nozereau
1740 - 1756                Gaspard Charles César           (b. 1706 - d. 1792)
                             L'Escalopier, seigneur de
                             Liencourt
1756 - 1758                Antoine de Chaumont de la       (b. 1697 - d. 1783)
                             Galaizière 
1758 - 1761                Charles-André de Lacoré         (b. 1720 - d. 1784)
1761 - 1773                Alexis François Joseph de       (b. 1725 - d. 1818)
                             Gourgues
1773 - 1781                Antoine Jean Terray, vicomte de (b. 1751 - d. 1794)
                             Rozières, seigneur de Changy
                             et Saint-Bonnet
1781 - 1783                Marie Pierre Charles Meulan     (b. 1739 - d. 1814)
                             d'Ablois 
26 Nov 1783 - 1790         Daniel Victor de Trimond        (b. 1745 - d. 1813)
Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Bayonne
1784 -  6 Oct 1790         the Intendants of Pau
                           (see Basse Navarre et Bearn)

843                        Insula Franciae and Pays de France part of French Royal domain.
1016                       Counties of Paris and Melun annexed to the Royal domain. 
1029                       Dreux county annexed to the Royal domain. 
1055                       Sens county annexed to the Royal domain.
1068                       Gâtinais county annexed to the Royal domain.
1074                       Vexin county annexed to the Royal domain.
1112                       Corbeil county annexed to the Royal domain.
Dec 1118                   Montlhéry county annexed to the Royal domain.
25 Jul 1213                Valois county (Comitatus Valesia/Comté de Valois) annexed. 
Feb 1218                   Clermont-en-Beauvaisis county annexed to the Royal domain.
13 Mar 1223                Beaumont-sur-Oise and Montfort-l'Amaury counties annexed. 
1387                       Name Île de France (Isle de Franc) is first recorded in use.
15th cent.                 Roucy, Soissons, Laon and Noyon annexed.
15 Nov 1400                Coucy lordship part of the Royal domain.
11 Dec 1528 - 12 Mar 1533  Divided into two governments: Île-de-France and Paris.
 6 May 1545                Government of Île-de-France (Gouvernement de l'Île-de-France)
                             re-established.
Nov 1595                   Généralité of Soissons established, covering the north eastern
                             part of the government of Île-de-France.

English Governors
Dec 1420 - 22 Mar 1421     Thomas of Lancaster,            (b. 1387 - d. 1421)
                             Duke of Clarence
 8 Jul 1421 - 1422         Jean de La Baume, comte de      (b. c.1360 - d. 1435)
                             Montrevel, seigneur de Valtin
                           (from 14 Mar 1421, Prévot de Paris)
1423 - 1429                John of Lancaster, Duke of      (b. 1389 - d. 1435)
                             Bedford 
Jun/Jul 1429 - 1429        Jean de Villiers, seigneur      (b. 1384 - d. 1437)
                             de l'Isle-Adam
Governors (Gouverneurs de la province de l'Île de France)(in Paris)
12 Sep 1698 - 1719         Louis Armand d'Estrées, duc     (b. 1682 - d. 1723)
                             d'Estrées, pair de France
22 Apr 1719 - 1741         Henri Louis de La Tour,         (b. 1674 - d. 1753)
                             comte d'Evreux 
29 Dec 1741 - 19 Sep 1757  François Joachim Bernard Potier,(b. 1692 - d. 1757)
                             duc de Gesvres 
22 Sep 1757 - 28 Dec 1774  Louis Léon Potier, duc de       (b. 1695 - d. 1774)
                             Tresmes
28 Dec 1774 -  1 Jan 1791  Louis Joachim Paris Potier,     (b. 1713 - d. 1794)
                             duc de Gesvres

Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Soissons
1698 - 1704                Claude Joseph Samson            (b. 1662 - d. 1704)
1705 - 21 Feb 1712         Antoine François de Paule       (b. 1651 - d. 1712)
                             Lefèvre d'Ormesson, seigneur
                             de Cheray
26 Feb 1712 - 1714         Jean-Baptiste Louis Laugeois    (b. 1670 - d. 1734)
                             d'Imbercourt
1714 - 1716                André Robert Lefèvre d'Eaubonne,(b. 1681 - d. 1735)
                             seigneur de Rizeis
Jan 1717 - 1718            Louis Claude Béchameil de       (b. 1682 - d. 1761)
                             Nointel, marquis de Nointel
15 Jan 1720 - 1722         Marc-Antoine Turgot de          (b. 1668 - d. 1748)
                             Sainte-Clair, marquis de Nointel
23 Jun 1722 - 1727         Philibert d'Orry                (b. 1688 - d. 1747)
18 Jan 1727 - 1731         François Richer d'Aube,         (b. 1686 - d. 1752)
                             seigneur d'Aube
May 1731 - 1737            Antoine Martin de Chaumont de   (b. 1697 - d. 1783)
                             la Galaizière, marquis de la
                             Galaizière
Jan 1737 - 1743            Jérôme Bignon de Blanzy,        (b. 1698 - d. 1743)
                             marquis de Blanzy, baron de Semoine
 4 Mar 1743 - 1765         Charles Blaise Méliand,         (b. 1703 - d. 1768)
                             seigneur de Toizy
Dec 1765 - 1785            Louis Le Pelletier de           (b. 1730 - d. 1799)
                             Mortefontaine, marquis de
                             Montmeillan, seigneur de
                             Mortefontaine
Jan 1785 - 1790            Charles Esprit Marie de la      (b. 1753 - d. 1840)
                             Bourdonnaye de Blossac

508 - 719                  Gallia Narbonensis (Septimania) part of the Visigothic kingdom
                             (as the Provincia Gallia).
719 - 759                  Septimania (Gallia Narbonensis) occupied by the Emirate of Córdoba
                             (fall of Narbonne 719, fall of Carcassonne and Nîmes 725).
759                        Part of Kingdom of Franks as the Gothic March (Marca Gothica).
778 - 814                  Part of Frankish Kingdom of Aquitaine.
778                        County of Toulouse (Comitatus Tolosanus/Comtat de Tolosa/
                             Comté de Thoulouse).
Jul 1209 - Apr 1229        Albigensian (Cathar) Crusade proclaimed by the Roman Catholic Church
                             against heresy, mainly Catharism, in Languedoc. It results in the
                             significant reduction of practicing Cathars and a realignment of
                             the County of Toulouse with the French crown (the last Cathar
                              fortress, Montségur, fell 16 Mar 1244).
1219                       Lower Languedoc (Linguadocia Inferioris/Bas-Languedoc) part
                             of the Royal domain.
1226                       Viscouncy of Carcassonne (Vicecomes Carcassonensis/vicomté de
                             Carcassonne) part of the Royal domain.
12 Apr 1229                Treaty of Paris ended the Albigensian conflict between the King of
                             France and the Count of Toulouse. It prepared the definitive
                             annexation of the Occitan countries (pays occitans) to the French
                             Royal Domain. 
1229                       Government of Languedoc (Gouvernement de Languedoc) established.
21 Aug 1271                Remainder of upper Languedoc (Linguadocia Superioris/Haut-Languedoc)
                             inherited by the French Royal domain (referred to as Royal
                             Languedoc [Languedoc royal] of Toulouse, Vivarais, Velay, and
                             Gévaudan), with the exception of Montpellier, which remained under
                             Kingdom of Aragón and then Majorca.
25 Oct 1349                Montpellier lordship sold by Jaume III of Majorca to the King of
                             France.
Nov 1361                   County of Toulouse (Comté de Toulouse) fully integrated into the
                             French Royal domain by letters patent of King Jean II.
Dec 1453                   County of Comminges (Comitatus Convenicus/Comté de Comminges)
                             re-united to the French crown (except 1462-1498).
1446                       Vivarais (Vivariensis/comté de Viviers) part of the Royal domain.
1469                       Languedoc is amputated by almost the entire part of the bailiwick
                             of Toulouse located on the left bank of the Garonne River.
 7 Dec 1542                Généralité of Toulouse established, covering the western part of
                             the government of the Languedoc.
 7 Dec 1542                Généralité of Montpellier established, covering the eastern part
                             of the government of Languedoc.
 6 May 1545                Government of Languedoc (Gouvernement de Languedoc) re-established.
23 Jun 1779                County of Caraman (comté de Caraman) incorporated into Languedoc.
Dec 1789                   Estates (Etats) of Languedoc are dissolved, the status of pays
                             d'Etats (provincial tax and fiscal self-administration) ended by
                             the French National Assembly.

Governors (Gouverneurs de la province de Languedoc)(in Toulouse)
29 May 1682 - 14 May 1736  Louis Auguste de Bourbon,       (b. 1670 - d. 1736)
                             prince de Dombes, duc de
                             Maine, duc d'Aumale, comte 
                             d'Eu
14 May 1736 -  1 Oct 1755  Louis Auguste de Bourbon,       (b. 1700 - d. 1755)
                             prince de Dombes, duc d'Aumale,
                             comte d'Eu
23 Oct 1755 - 13 Jul 1775  Louis Charles de Bourbon,       (b. 1701 - d. 1775)
                             duc d'Aumale, comte d'Eu,
                             duc de Gisors, comte de Dreux,
                             prince d'Anet et baron de Sceaux
27 Jul 1775 - 29 Oct 1788  Louis Antoine de Gontaut,       (b. 1701 - d. 1788)
                             duc de Lauzun, comte et duc
                             de Biron
29 Oct 1788 -  1 Jan 1791  Vacant

Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Toulouse (resident at Montpellier)
13 Aug 1685 - May 1718     Nicolas Lamoignon de Bâville,   (b. 1648 - d. 1724)
                             marquis de La Mothe en Poitou,
                             comte de Launay-Courson et de
                             Montrevaux, baron de Bohardy,
                             seigneur de Chavaignes
May 1718 - 11 Feb 1725     Louis de Bernage, seigneur de   (b. 1663 - d. 1737)
                             Saint-Maurice et de Vaux
Sep 1724 - 1743            Louis Basile de Bernage,        (b. 1691 - d. 1767)
                             seigneur de Saint-Maurice,
                             de Vaux et de Chassy
1743 - 28 Dec 1750         Jean Le Nain, baron d'Asfeld    (b. 1698 - d. 1750)
 1 Jan 1751 - 18 Oct 1785  Jean Emmanuel de Guignard,      (b. 1714 - d. 1785)
                            vicomte de Saint-Priest,
1786 - Apr 1790            Charles Bernard de              (b. 1757 - d. 1835)
                             Ballainvilliers, baron de
                             Ballainvilliers
Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Montpellier
1542 - Apr 1790            the Intendants of Toulouse
                           (see Toulouse)

 8 Oct 1517                Le Havre-de-Grâce (Le Havre) port founded under a gouverneur-
                             particulier; part of Normandie (Normandy).
20 Sep 1562 - 29 Jul 1563  Occupied by England.
1675                       Le Havre a separate government (Gouvernement du Havre)(one of the
                             "lesser governments"), definitively independent from the
                             government of Normadie.

English Governor
20 Sep 1562 - 29 Jul 1563  Ambrose Dudley, Earl of Warwick (b. 1528 - d. 1590)
Governors (Gouverneurs et Lieutenants de Le Havre-de-Grâce)
20 Jun 1687 - 31 Aug 1714  Paul de Beauvilliers, duc de    (b. 1648 - d. 1714)
                             Saint-Aignan dit duc de 
                             Beauvilliers 
 7 Sep 1714 - 1719         Louis II de Rochechouart,       (b. 1681 - d. 1746)
                             duc de Mortemart 
22 Sep 1719 - 22 Jan 1776  Paul Hippolyte de Beauvilliers, (b. 1684 - d. 1776)
                             duc de Saint-Aignan 
22 Jan 1776 -  1 Jan 1791  Charles Paul François de        (b. 1746 - d. 1828)
                             Beauvilliers, comte de Buzançais,
                             duc de Saint-Aignan

Intendants
1675 - 1790                the Intendants of Rouen (see Normandy)

507                        Part of Frankish kingdom
843                        Under the suzerainty of the King of France.
876                        Viscountcy of Limoges (Vicecomes Lemovicensis/vicomté de Limoges).
1152 - 1204                English (Plantagenet) rule.
1258 - 24 Aug 1370         English (Plantagenet) rule.
19 Sep 1370                Episcopal city of Limoges is sacked by Prince Edward de Woodstock
                             "the Black Prince."
19 Sep 1370 - 1373         English rule restored.
Apr 1558                   Généralité of Limoges established, covering the government of the
                             Limousin, southern part of the government of Marche and 
                             eastern Angoumois of the Saintogne-Angoumois government.
18 Jul 1607                Viscounty of Limoges (vicomté de Limoges) part of French Royal
                             domain.
c.1618                     Government of Limousin (Gouvernement de Limousin) established
                             (detached from Guyenne).
Oct 1773 - Jun 1776        Viscounty of Limoges granted as an apanage to Charles-Philippe de
                              France, comte d'Artois (b. 1757 - d. 1836), later King Charles X.

Governors (incomplete before 1470)
1328 – 13..                ... Captain
1333 – 1342                Jourdain de Loubres
                            (seneschal, from 1341 governor and captain)
31 Mar 1342 – 1343         Jean III de Sauvigny
1343 – 13..                Regnault de Pons, sire          (d. 1356)
                             de Monfort
c.1350 – 13..              Jean de Pierre-Buffière         (d. bf.1393)
1360 – 1374                English occupation
1380 – 138.                Louis, comte de Sancerre        (b. c.1342 – d. 1402)
1388                       Guy de Naillac
1389 – 13..                Enguerrand de Coucy, seigneur
                             de Marle de La Fère et d'Oisy,
                             comte de Soissons             (b. c.1340 - d. 1397)
13.. – 1422                ....
1422 – 14..                Geoffroy, seigneur de Mareuil,  (b. c.1370 - d. 1441)
                             Villebois, Anglac, Vibrac et
                             Dompierre
1435/41 – 144.             Bernard d'Armagnac, comte de    (b. 1400 - d. 1462)
                             Pardiac puis de La Marche et
                             de Castres, vicomte de Carlat
                             et de Murat     
1443 – 14..                Charles III d'Anjou,
                             duc du Maine (1st time)       (b. 1414 - d. 1473)
1452 – 14..                Jean II, duc de Bourbon         (b. 1426 - d. 1488)
1461 – 146.                Charles III d'Anjou, duc
                             du Maine (2nd time)           (s.a.)
21 Aug 1466 – 14..         Philippe, duc de Savoie         (b. 1438 - d. 1497)
24 Mar 1468 – 14..         Jean de Foix, vicomte de
                             Narbonne, comte de Pardiac
Seneschals and Governors
bf.20 Sep 1470 – 14..      Gilbert de Chabannes, seigneur  (b. 1439 - d. 1492)
                             de Corton, comte de Rochefort,
                             baron d'Aurière et de Madec,
                             seigneur de Charlus et de
                             Laroche de la Daille et de
                             Cousade
1490 – 149.                Jean II, seigneur de Pompadour, (b. 1427 - d. 1502)
                             de Cromières et de Chanac
1494 – 149.                Gabriel d'Albret, sieur
                             de l'Esparre et d'Avesnes
1497                       Antoine de Bonneval             (b. 1440 - d. 1505)
 3 Sep 1497 - ....         Germain de Bonneval             (d. 1523)
20 Aug 1524 – 15..         Galiot de Lastours
 4 Mar 1532 – 153.         Marin de Montchenu, seigneur
                             de Pierre-Buffière
1537 – 15..                François de Vivonne de La       (d. 1547)
                             Châtaignerie, seigneur
                             d'Ardeley
15 May 1543 – 1568         François de Pontbriand,         (b. 1502 - d. 1569)
                             seigneur de Montréal,
                             de Chadeuil et de Verteillac
1568                       Jacques de Pérusse, baron       (d. 1612)
                             ou comte d'Escars
1569                       Mérigou de Béon de Massès       (d. 1569)
Oct 1570 – 157.            Gilbert III de Lévis            (b. c.1516 - d. 1591)
12 Sep 1577 – 31 Dec 1578  Claude de Bourbon, comte de     (b. 1531 - d. 1588)
                             Busset
27 Oct 1581 – 158.         Edme de Hautefort, seigneur     (b. c.1522 - d. 1589)
                             de Thénon
c.Jun 1591 – 1592          Anne de Lévis, duc de Ventadour (b. 1569 - d. 1622)
1592 – 1593                Jean Louis de Nogaret,
                             duc d'Epernon (1st time)      (b. 1554 - d. 1642)
Governors (Gouverneurs de la province du Limousin)(in Limoges)
1592 – 21 Jul 1596         Diane de France, duchesse
                             d'Estampes et d'Angoulème (f) (b. 1539 – d. 1619)
21 Jul 1596 – 1622         Jean Louis de Nogaret,
                             duc d'Epernon (2nd time)      (s.a.)
28 Aug 1622 – 17 Nov 1632  Henri de Schomberg, marquis
                             d'Epinay                      (b. 1575 - d. 1632)
19 May 1633 – 1649         Charles de Lévis, duc de
                             Ventadour                     (b. 1600 – d. 1649)
21 May 1649 – 1651         François Christophe de Lévis,   (b. 1603 – d. 1661)
                             duc de Damville, comte de Brion   
18 Nov 1651 – 1656         Anne de Lévis, archevêque de
                             Bourges                       (b. 1605 – d. 1662)
1656 – 27 Jul 1675         Henri de La Tour, vicomte
                             de Turenne                    (b. 1611 – d. 1675)
Aug 1675 - 23 Nov 1707     Frédéric Murice de la Tour,     (b. 1642 - d. 1707)
                             comte d'Auvergne 
24 Nov 1707 -  1 Oct 1718  Jacques Fitz-James,             (b. 1670 - d. 1734)
                             duc de Fitz-James, maréchal 
                             de Berwick 
 1 Oct 1718 - 13 Oct 1721  Jacques Fitz-James, duc de      (b. 1700 - d. 1721)
                             Fitz-James 
Oct 1721 - 1729            Henry Fitz-James, comte de      (b. 1711 - d. 1731)
                             Fitz-James 
28 Dec 1729 - 22 Mar 1787  Charles Fitz-James, duc de      (b. 1712 - d. 1787)
                             Fitz-James 
22 Mar 1787 -  1 Jan 1791  Jacques Charles Fitz-James,     (b. 1743 - d. 1805)
                             duc de Fitz-James

Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Limousin, of the Marche,
and of Angoumois, of Limoges
 1 Jan 1694 - Nov 1702     Louis Bernage, seigneur de      (b. 1663 - d. 1737)
                             Saint-Maurice et de Vaux
1703 - 1708                Jean Rouillé de Fontaine,       (b. 1672 - d. 1738)
                             chevalier, seigneur de Fontaine-
                             Guérin et de La Coste
1709 - Apr 1710            Guy Carré, seigneur de Montgeron
1710 (8 months)            Marc Antoine Bosc du Bouchet    (b. 1671 - d. 1734)
21 Dec 1710 - 1715         Charles Boucher d'Orsay,        (b. 1675 - d. 1730)
                             seigneur d'Orsay
Oct 1715 - Mar 1718        Charles Nicolas Le Clerc de     (b. 1679 - d. 1749)
                             Lesseville, baron d'Authon
 8 Mar 1718 - Jul 1723     François Victor Le Tonnelier de (b. 1686 - d. 1743)
                             Breteuil, seigneur de Montgeron
20 Jan 1724 - 1730         Pierre Pajot de Nozereau        (b. 1691 - d. 1772)
1730 - 1743                Louis Urbain Aubert de Tourny,  (b. 1695 - d. 1760)
                             chevalier, marquis de Tourny,
                             baron de Nully, seigneur de
                             Pressaigny, Laqueudaix, Thil 
Nov 1743 - 1750            Henri Louis Barberie de         (b. 1708 - d. 1772)
                             Saint-Contest de la
                             Chataigneraie, sieur de la
                             Chataigneraie 
1750 - 1756                Jacques Louis Chaumont de La    (b. 1711 - d. 1756)
                             Millière, chevalier, seigneur
                             de Vallençay, Luçay 
1756 - 1761                Christophe Pajot de Marcheval,  (b. 1724 - d. 1792)
                             seigneur de Marcheval,
                             Millançay, Nung
 8 Aug 1761 - 1774         Anne Robert Jacques Turgot,     (b. 1727 - d. 1781)
                             baron de l'Aulne
1774 - Nov 1783            Marius Jean-Baptiste Nicolas    (b. 1730 - d. 1804)
                             d'Aine, chevalier, seigneur de
                             Grandval  
26 Nov 1783 - 1790         Marie Pierre Charles Meulan     (b. 1739 - d. 1814)
                             d'Ablois

Flag of Duchy of Lorraine from 13th cent.

Map of Duchy of Lorraine

Capital: Nancy (Metz de facto 903-959; Aachen 843-869, 895-900)

Military: 3 companies (1741) (defence was the responsibility of France  1736-1766) Gendarmerie: 168 (1741)

Population: 800,000 (1600, est., including Bar) 820,000 (1764, est., including Bar)

 

11 Aug 843                 Kingdom of Francia Media (Middle France) founded at the
                             division of the original Frankish Empire by the Treaty of
                             Verdun (it included modern Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands, part
                             of eastern France, Switzerland, and part of northern Italy).
29 Sep 855                 At the death of King Lothaire I, the kingdom is divided between his
                             three sons. By the Treaty of Prüm, the northern part of Francia
                             Media (Middle France) is established as the Lotharii Regnum
                             (Kingdom of Lotharingia); including modern Netherlands, Belgium,
                             Luxembourg, and parts of eastern France and western Germany.
 8 Aug 869                 At the death of Lothaire II his lands are divided between his
                             uncles Ludwig II King of East Francia and Karl (Charles) II King
                             of the West Franks (Francia Occidentalis).
 9 Aug 870                 Treaty of Meersen formally divides Lotharingia - the western
                             half goes to West Francia and the eastern half to East Francia.
880                        Treaty of Ribemont settles conflict between East and West Francia,
                             whereupon the western part of Lotharingia is added to East
                             Francia.
May 895 - 13 Aug 900       Lotharingia (Lotharii Regnum (or Regnum quondam Lotharii ["kingdom
                             once Lothair's"] restored for Zwentibold, son of Arnulf King
                             of East Francia (Germany).
13 Aug 900                 Lotharingia effectively integrated into the East Frankish (German)
                             kingdom following the death of Zwentibold, but this was contested
                             the West Franks.
24 Jun 903 - c.910         Gebhard (Gebehart) is appointed Dux regni quod a multis Hlotharii
                             dicitur ("duke of the kingdom that many call Lothair's") by King
                             Ludwig IV of Germany.
928                        King Heinrich I of East Franks (Germany) creates Giselbert, son of
                             Reginar I, as dux (duke), effectively creating the Duchy of
                             Lotharingia, as a fief of the East Franks. 
959                        Duchy of Upper Lotharingia (Lorraine)(Lotharingiae ducatus
                             Superioris)(more or less modern French Lorraine and Luxembourg)
                             and Duchy of Lower Lotharingia (Lorraine)(Lotharingiae ducatus
                             Inferioris) created (within Lotharingia until 965).
1183                       Decline of the Duchy of Lower Lotharingia (Lorraine) is hastened by
                             the rivalry between the counts of Limburg and Louvain. The Duke of
                             Lower Lorraine, Henri de Louvain, adopts the title "Duke of
                             Brabant" (confirmed by Emperor Heinrich VI in 1190)(see Brabant
                             under Spanish/Austrian Netherlands provinces).
 4 Jun 1301                King Philippe IV of France makes the Count of Bar into a vassal of
                             France for all of Bar west of the Meuse River.
26 Jun 1430 - 23 Feb 1766  Duchy of Bar in personal union with Duchy of Lorraine (formally
                             and permanently from 10 Dec 1508).
30 Nov 1475 -  5 Jan 1477  Lorraine is occupied by the Duke of Burgundy.
 5 Jan 1477                Battle of Nancy, upholding ducal Imperial immediacy.
25 Aug 1542                Duchy of Lorraine and Bar is defined as under the protection and
                             suzerainty of the Holy Roman Empire, but free (liber et non
                             incorporatus; free and not incorporated) by the Diet of
                             Nuremberg (effected 1561), having single seat on the Council of
                             Princes of the Imperial Diet and paying the Imperial taxes, but
                             not subject to Imperial military levies and to jurisdiction of
                             the Imperial courts of justice.
14 Apr 1552 - 1559         Lorraine occupied by France.
28 Mar 1566                Duke of Lorraine succeeds in ending Remiremont abbey's imperial
                             immediacy (granted by the Emperor 28 Sep 1070).
 1 Apr 1634 -  2 Apr 1641  Lorraine and Bar occupied by France.
20 Aug 1641 - 28 Feb 1661  Lorraine and Bar occupied by France.
24 Oct 1648                Treaty of Westphalia formally cedes Metz, Toul and Verdun to France
 6 Feb 1662                Duke Charles IV agrees to ceded the dukedoms to King Louis XIV of
                             France at his death by the Treaty of Montmartre, but this is
                             later annulled by the Treaty of Nomény 31 Aug 1663.
 1 Sep 1670 - 16 Aug 1698  Lorraine and Bar occupied by France.
 3 Dec 1702 - 11 Nov 1714  Lorraine and Bar occupied by France.
12 Oct 1733 - 15 Dec 1736  Lorraine and Bar occupied by France.
15 Dec 1736                Duchy of Lorraine (restored) for Stanisław Leszczyński, ex-king of
                             Poland and father-in-law of King Louis XV of France, to be
                             ceded to France upon his death (effected 13 Feb 1737),
                             suzerainty and protection of the Holy Roman Emperor waived.
1737                       Généralité of Nancy established, covering the Duchy (from 1766,
                             government) of Lorraine and Barrois, included in the French
                             financial, justice and military administration.
Jun 1751                   Territorial reorganization.
23 Feb 1766                Lorraine and Bar annexed to France (as the grand-gouvernement de
                             Lorraine-et-Barrois).

King of Middle France (Francia Media)
11 Aug 843 - 29 Sep 855    Hlóthar I                       (b. 795 - d. 855)
                             (Lotharius I, Lothaire I)
Kings of Lotharingia (Lotharii Regnum)
29 Sep 855 -  8 Aug 869    Hlóthar II                      (b. 835 - d. 869)
                             (Lotharius II, Lothaire II)
 8 Aug 869 - May 895       Post abolished
May 895 - 13 Aug 900       Zwentibold                      (b. c.870 - d. 900)
                            (Zventibold, Swentiboldo, Sventibaldo, Sanderbald)
Dukes of Lotharingia (title dux regni quod a multis Hlotharii dicitur)
24 Jun 903 - c.910         Gebhard (Gebehart)              (b. c.860 - d. 910)
911 - 915                  Rainerus (Régnier, Reginar)     (b. 850 - d. 915)
                             (count palatine of Lotharingia)
915 - c.921/22             Wigeric (Wigéric, Wéderic)      (d. c.921/22)
                             (count palatine of Lotharingia)
c.921 - 923                Gottfried (Godefroid)           (b. c.905 – d. 949)
                             (count palatine of Lotharingia)
928 -  2 Oct 939           Giselbert (Gisleberto)          (b. c.880 - d. 939)
940                        Heinric I (Heinrich, Henri)     (b. c.919 - d. 955)
940 - 943                  Otto (Oddone)                   (d. 943)
945 - 953                  Conrad (Konrad "der Rote")      (b. c.922 - d. 955)
953 - 11 Oct 965           Bruno (Brunon)                  (b. 925 - d. 965)
Dukes of Lower Lorraine (title dux Lotharingiae)
959 - 964                  Gottfried (Godefridi)           (d. 964)
May 977 - 12 Jun 991       Karl (Karolus)                  (b. 953 - d. 991)
991 - 1012                 Otto (Ottone)                   (b. c.970 - d. 1012)
1012 - 26 Sep 1023         Godefroi I (Godefrid, Godefrido)(d. 1023)
1023 - 19 Apr 1044         Gozelon I (Gothelo)             (b. c.968 - d. 1044)
1044 - 1046                Gozelon II (Gothelo)            (b. c.1008 – d. 1046)
1046 - 28 Aug 1065         Frederic (Ferry) I              (d. 1065)
1065 - 30 Dec 1069         Godefroi II "le Barbu"          (b. c.1010 - d. 1069)
1069 - 26 Feb 1076         Godefroi III "le Bossu"         (b. c.1030 - d. 1076)
1076 - 30 May 1087         Conrad (Conradus)               (b. 1074 - d. 1101)
                            (Konrad [III] King of Germany 30 May 1087 - 1 Apr 1098)
1087 - 18 Jul 1100         Godefroi IV                     (b. c.1060 - d. 1100)
1101 - 1106                Heinrich (Henri) I              (b. c.1059 - d. 1119)
1106 - 1029                Godefroi V                      (b. c.1060 - d. 1139)
1129 -  6 Aug 1139         Walram (Waleran)                (b. c.1085 - d. 1139)
1140 - 1142                Godefroi VI                     (b. c.1100 - d. 1142)
1142 - 1180                Godefroi VII                    (b. 1142 - d. 1190)
1180 - 1222                Henri "le Guerroyeur"           (b. 1165 - d. 1235)
Dukes of (Upper) Lorraine (title dux Lotharingiae; from 14th cent. Duc de Lorreigne)
959 - Jun/Jul 978          Frederic (Ferry) I              (b. c.910 - d. 978)
Jun/Jul 978 - 11 Apr 1027  Thierry (Theoderic) I           (b. c.962 - d. 1027)
Jun/Jul 978 - 987          Beatrix de France (f) -Regent   (b. c.938 - d. 1003)
1016? - May 1026           Frederic (Ferry) II -co-ruler   (b. c.995 - d. c.1026)
11 Apr 1027 - 22 May 1033  Frederic (Ferry) III            (b. c.1020 - d. 1033)
1033 - 19 Apr 1044         Gozelon (Gothelo)               (s.a.)
19 Apr 1044 - Sep 1044     Godefroi "le Barbu" (1st time)  (b. c.1010 - d. 1069)
1046 - 1047                Godefroi "le Barbu" (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1047 - 11 Nov 1048         Adalbert (Albert)               (b. c.1000 - d. 1048)
1048 -  6 Mar 1070         Gerard (Gérard, Gerardo)        (b. c.1030 - d. 1070)
 6 Mar 1070 - 30 Dec 1115  Thierry (Theodoric) II          (d. c.1040 - d. 1115)
30 Dec 1115 - 13 Jan 1139  Simon I "le Gros"               (b. c.1096 - d. 1139)
13 Jan 1139 - 13 May 1176  Mathieu (Matthias) I            (b. c.1110 - d. 1176)
13 May 1176 -  1 Apr 1206  Simon II                        (b. c.1140 - d. 1206)
 1 Apr 1206 -  7 Apr 1206  Ferry (Frédéric) I              (b. c.1143 - d. 1206)
 7 Apr 1206 - 10 Oct 1213  Ferry (Frédéric) II             (b. c.1162 - d. 1213)
10 Oct 1213 - 17 Feb 1220  Thiébaut (Thiébaud) I           (b. c.1191 - d. 1220)
17 Feb 1220 - 24 Jun 1251  Mathieu (Matthias) II           (b. c.1193 - d. 1251)
24 Jun 1251 - 31 Dec 1302  Ferry (Frédéric) III            (b. c.1240 - d. 1302)
24 Jun 1251 - 24 Mar 1255  Catherine de Limbourg (f)-Regent(b. c.1215 - d. 1255)
31 Dec 1302 - 10 Oct 1213  Thiébaut (Thiébaud) II          (b. 1263 - d. 1312)
10 Oct 1213 - 23 Aug 1328  Ferry (Frédéric) IV "le Luteur" (b. 1282 - d. 1328)
23 Aug 1328 - 26 Aug 1346  Raoul (Rodolphe) "le Vaillant"  (b. 1320 - d. 1346)
23 Aug 1328 - 1334         Élisabeth d'Autriche (f)-Regent (b. 1285 - d. 1382)
26 Aug 1346 - 23 Sep 1390  Jean I                          (b. 1346 - d. 1390)
26 Aug 1346 - 1360         Marie de Châtillon (f) -Regent  (b. 1323 - d. 1363)
27 Sep 1390 - 25 Jan 1431  Charles II "le Hardi"           (b. 1364 - d. 1431)
25 Jan 1431 - 28 Feb 1453  Isabelle -Duchess               (b. 1400 - d. 1453)
                           - jointly with -
25 Jan 1431 - 26 Mar 1453  René I                          (b. 1409 - d. 1480)
                            (also Renato I King of Naples 2 Feb 1435 - 2 Jun 1442;
                             duke of Bar 3 Aug 1419 - 10 Jul 1480)
26 Mar 1453 - 16 Dec 1470  Jean II                         (b. 1424 - d. 1470)
                             (administrator 1 Jul 1445-28 Feb 1453)
16 Dec 1470 - 24 Jul 1473  Nicolas I                       (b. 1448 - d. 1473)
                             (administrator 1466-16 Dec 1470)
24 Jul 1473 - 11 Aug 1473  Yolande -Duchess                (b. 1428 - d. 1483)
11 Aug 1473 - 10 Dec 1508  René II                         (b. 1451 - d. 1508)
30 Nov 1475 -  5 Jan 1477  Charles "le Téméraire"          (b. 1433 - d. 1477)
                             (also Charles I duke of Burgundy; in dissidence)
10 Dec 1508 - 14 Jun 1544  Antoine "le Bon"                (b. 1489 - d. 1544)
14 Jun 1544 - 12 Jun 1545  François I                      (b. 1517 - d. 1545)
12 Jun 1545 - 14 May 1608  Charles III                     (b. 1543 - d. 1608)
12 Jun 1545 - 15 Apr 1552  Christine de Danemark (f)-Regent(b. 1521 - d. 1590)
12 Jun 1545 - 19 Jan 1559  Nicolas de Mercoeur, évêque de  (b. 1524 - d. 1577)
                             Metz et Verdun -Regent (from 1648,
                             Nicolas de Mercoeur, comte de Vaudémont)
14 May 1608 - 31 Jul 1624  Henri II "le Bon"               (b. 1563 - d. 1624)
31 Jul 1624 - 25 Nov 1625  Nicole -Duchess                 (b. 1608 - d. 1657)
25 Nov 1625 -  1 Dec 1625  François II                     (b. 1572 - d. 1632)
 1 Dec 1625 - 18 Jan 1634  Charles IV (1st time)           (b. 1604 - d. 1675)
18 Jan 1634 -  1 Apr 1634  Nicolas II François             (b. 1609 - d. 1670)
                             (= Charles Cardinal François)
 1 Apr 1634 - 18 Sep 1675  Charles IV (2nd time)           (s.a.)
                             (in exile to 1641, Jul 1641-1661 and from 1670)
18 Sep 1675 - 18 Apr 1690  Charles V Léopold (in exile)    (b. 1643 - d. 1690)
18 Apr 1690 - 27 Mar 1729  Léopold Joseph                  (b. 1679 - d. 1729)
27 Mar 1729 - 13 Feb 1737  François III Étienne            (b. 1708 - d. 1765)
                             (from 1737, Francesco II grand duke of Tuscany;
                             from 4 Oct 1745, Franz I Holy Roman Emperor)
27 Mar 1729 - 29 Nov 1729  Élisabeth-Charlotte d'Orléans,  (b. 1676 - d. 1744)
                             princesse d'Orléans (f)(1st time)
                             (regent for absent François III)
25 Apr 1731 - 13 Feb 1737  Élisabeth-Charlotte d'Orléans,  (s.a.)
                             princesse d'Orléans (f)(2nd time)
                             (regent for absent François III)
13 Feb 1737 - 23 Feb 1766  Stanislas I Leszczynski         (b. 1677 - d. 1766)
                             (= Stanisław I Leszczyński ex-king of Poland)
Governors (Gouverneurs de la province de Lorraine et Barrois)
23 Feb 1766 - 13 Apr 1788  André Hercule de Rosset de      (b. 1715 - d. 1788)
                             Rocozel, duc de Fleury 
Apr 1788 -  1 Jan 1791     Louis George Érasme de Contades,(b. 1704 - d. 1793)
                             marquis de Contades 

French Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Lorraine and of Barrois
26 Oct 1633 - Apr 1637     Louis Chantereau Le Febvre      (b. 1588 - d. 1658)
Apr 1637 - Nov 1640        Anne Mangot de Villarceaux      (b. 1594 - d. 1665)
Nov 1640 - Jan 1646        Nicolas Vignier de Ricey,
                             baron de Saint Liébault
Apr 1646 - 10 Oct 1651     Jacques Hector de Marle de      (d. 1651)
                             Beaubourg, seigneur de Beaubourg
1651 - 1657                Charles Lejay, baron de Tilly,  (d. 1674)
                             marquis de la Maison Rouge
Oct 1657 - 1661            Jean-Baptiste Colbert de Saint- (b. 1602 - d. 1663)
                             Pouange
1662 - 1663                Charles Colbert de Croissy      (b. 1629 - d. 1696)
Sep 1663 - 1663            Jean-Paul de Choisy de Beaumont (b. 1632 - d. 1697)
                             (1st time)
Sep 1670 - Jun 1673        Jean-Paul de Choisy de Beaumont (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Jul 1673 - Nov 1691        Jacques Charuel                 (b. 1615? - d. 1691)
1691 - 1697                Jean-Baptiste Desmarets de      (b. 1646 - d. 1740)
                             Vaubourg
Chancellors of Lorraine (from 28 Apr 1737, also Intendants of Lorraine and of Barrois)
18 Jan 1737 - 1758         Antoine Martin de Chaumont de   (b. 1697 - d. 1783)
                             La Galaizière
 4 Dec 1758 - 23 Feb 1766  Antoine de Chaumont de La       (b. 1727 - d. 1812)
                             Galaizière
Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of Lorraine and of Barrois, of Nancy
23 Feb 1766 - Sep 1777     Antoine de Chaumont de La       (s.a.)
                             Galaizière
Jun 1778 - 1790            Jean Baptiste François Moulins  (b. 1743 - d. 1881)
                             de La Porte de Meslay

Flag of Duchy of Bar

c.951                      County of Bar (Barrois)(Barensis Comitatus/Comté de Bar/Grafschaft

                             Bar)(under Lotharingia 959-1033).

 4 Jun 1301                King Philippe IV of France makes the Count of Bar into a vassal of

                             France for all of Bar west of the Meuse River, which becomes

                             "royal Bar" or Barrois mouvant ("dependant Bar") and Bar

                             east of the Meuse, still in the Duchy of Lorraine, was then

                             "ducal Bar" or Barrois non mouvant ("non-dependant Bar")

                             (St-Mihiel, Pont-à-Mousson, and Longwy) by the Treaty of Bruges.

13 Mar 1354                Raised to a Duchy by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV; Duchy of Bar

                             (Barensis Ducatus/Duché de Bar/Herzogtum Bar).

26 Jun 1430                Duchy of Bar in personal union with Duchy of Lorraine (formally
                             and permanently from 10 Dec 1508. Own seat [as Duke on the
                             Meuse- Herzog von der Mass] in the Imperial Diet lost by 1542).

30 Nov 1475 -  5 Jan 1477  Bar is occupied by the Duke of Burgundy.

 1 Apr 1634 -  2 Apr 1641  Bar and Lorraine occupied by France.
20 Aug 1641 - 28 Feb 1661  Bar and Lorraine occupied by France.
 1 Sep 1670 - 16 Aug 1698  Bar and Lorraine occupied by France.
 3 Dec 1702 - 11 Nov 1714  Bar and Lorraine occupied by France.
12 Oct 1733 - 15 Dec 1736  Bar and Lorraine occupied by France.

23 Feb 1766                The Barrois along with Lorraine annexed to France.

Counts 

c.951 - 978                Ferry (Frédéric) I              (b. c.912 - d. 978)
978 - 1027                 Thierry (Theodoric) I           (b. c.965 - d. 1027)
978 - 987                  Béatrice de France (f) -Regent  (b. c.938 - d. 1003)
1019 - c.1026              Ferry (Frédéric) II -co-ruler   (b. c.995 - d. c.1026)
1027 - 1033                Ferry (Frédéric) III            (b. c.1020 - d. 1033)
1033 - 21 Jun 1093         Sophie -Countess                (b. c.1018 – d. 1093)
1038 - c.1073              Louis de Montbéliard -co-ruler  (b. c.1010 - d. c.1073)
1093 -  2 Jan 1103         Thierry (Theodoric) II          (d. c.1045 - d. 1103)
 2 Jan 1103 - 10 Mar 1149  Renaud (Rainald) I "le Borgne"  (b. c.1080 - d. 1149)
10 Mar 1149 - 25 Jul 1170  Renaud (Rainald) II             (b. c.1122 - d. 1170)
25 Jul 1170 - Oct 1190     Henri I                         (b. 1158 - d. 1190)
25 Jul 1170 - 1173         Agnès de Blois (f) -Regent      (b. 1138 - d. 1207)
Oct 1190 - 13 Feb 1214     Thiébaut (Theobald) I           (b. 1158 - d. 1214)
13 Feb 1214 - 12 Nov 1239  Henri II                        (b. 11.. - d. 1239)
13 Nov 1239 - Oct 1291     Thiébaut (Theobald) II          (b. 12.. - d. 1291)
Oct 1291 - Sep 1302        Henri III                       (b. 1259 - d. 1320)
Sep 1302 - Nov 1336        Édouard I                       (b. c.1295 - d. 1336)
Sep 1302 - 1310            Regency
                           - Jean, seigneur de Puisaye     (b. 1262d. 1317)
                           - Thiébaud, évêque de Liège     (b. c.1260 - d. 1312)
                           - Renaud, évêque de Metz        (d. 1316)
Nov 1336 - 24 Dec 1344     Henri IV                        (b. c.1315 - d. 1344)
24 Dec 1344 - May 1352     Édouard II                      (b. 1339 - d. 1352)
24 Dec 1344 - 10 Oct 1349  Yolande de Flandre (f) -Regent  (b. 1326 - d. 1395)
May 1352 - 13 Mar 1354     Robert I                        (b. 1344 - d. 1411)
Dukes
13 Mar 1354 - 12 Apr 1411  Robert I                        (s.a.)
12 Apr 1411 - 25 Oct 1415  Édouard III                     (b. 1377 - d. 1415)
25 Oct 1415 - 26 Jun 1430  Louis I cardinal-duc de Bar     (b. c.1379 - d. 1430)
26 Jun 1430 - 10 Jul 1480  René I                          (b. 1409 - d. 1480)
                            (also Renato I King of Naples 2 Feb 1435 - 2 Jun 1442;
                             duke of Lorraine from 25 Jan 1431)
10 Jul 1480 - 23 Feb 1766  the dukes of Lorraine

620                        Abbey of Remiremont (Romarici Mons abbatia/Stift Remiremont)
                             established by Saint Amé (Amatus).
818                        Transferred to its present location (later had possessions in
                             Alsace, Franche-Comté, and Lorraine - 72 lordships in all).
28 Sep 1070                Directly dependent upon the Emperor Heinrich IV (Romarici Mons
                             abbatia/Abbaye impériale de Remiremont/Reichskloster Romberg).
24 Apr 1088                Abbey directly responsible to the Pope.
12th cent.                 Benedictine nuns were replaced by a chapter of secular Canonesses
                             who had to prove 200 years of nobility.
30 Jul 1290                Abbess is made a Princess of Holy Roman Empire by Emperor Rudolf I.
1415                       Abbess Henriette d'Amoncourt received the title of Princess from
                             King Sigismund, and her successors then also held it, but now
                             without being conferred (the abbesses were never represented in
                             the Imperial Diet).
28 Mar 1566                War of the Escutcheons (French: panonceaux), the Duke of Lorraine
                             succeeds in ending Remiremont abbey's imperial immediacy (the
                             abbey subjected to Lorraine).
1693                       Seigniorial rights over town of Remiremont confirmed by King
                             of France.
 7 Dec 1790                Abbey is secularized and disestablished by France.

c.818                      County of Lyon (Comitatus Lugdunensis/Comté de Lyon).
11 Aug 843 - 29 Sep 855    Part of Kingdom of Middle France (Francia Media).
c.852 - 879                Frankish  Duchy of Lyon (Ducatus Lugdunensis/Duché de Lyon).
29 Sep 855 -  9 Aug 870    Part of Kingdom of Kingdom of Burundians.
 9 Aug 870                 Part of the Frankish kingdom.
1025 -  5 Jan 1355         Savoyard Vienne (Viennois savoyard) possessions of Counts of Savoy.
c.1076                      The Gregorian reform which devoted the separation of episcopal and
                             comital lands, which forced the Counts of Lyon to retreat to Forez
                             and Montbrison and to take the title of Count of Forez.
c.1076                     Forez County (Comitatus Forum Segusiavorum/Comté de Forez).
1167                       The conflict ended with the intervention of Pope Alexander III and
                             Louis VII, who restored the Count to his rights.
1173                       Titles of Count of Lyon and Count of Forjez (Forensi and Lugdunensi
                             Comiti) joined by the King Philip II.
Sep 1307                   King Philip IV of France confirmed the Archbishop of Lyon and the
                             canons the title they could bear collectively as well as
                             individually: the Archbishop and the chapter were together Count
                             of Lyon and had together the comital power they shared.  
 2 Aug 1400                Lordship of Beaujeu inherited by the house of Bourbon.
 7 Oct 1522 - 22 Sep 1531  Forjez and Beaujolais given as an apanage to Louise de Savoie,
                             duchesse de Bourbon (b. 1476 - d. 1531). 
22 Sep 1531                Forjez and Beaujolais part of the Royal domain.
1532                       Lyon part of the Royal domain.
 7 Dec 1542                Généralité of Lyon established, covering the government of the
                             Lyonnais, Forez, and Beaujolais.
1579                       Government of Lyonnais (Gouvernement de Lyonnais) established.

Governors (Gouverneurs de la province du Lyonnais)(in Lyon)
28 Nov 1685 - 18 Jul 1730  François de Neufville de        (b. 1644 - d. 1730)
                             Villeroy, marquis et duc de
                             Villeroy et pair de France
29 Jul 1730 - 22 Apr 1734  Louis Nicolas de Neufville de   (b. 1663 - d. 1734)
                             Villeroy, duc de Retz, marquis
                             d'Alincourt puis, duc de
                             Villeroy, et duc de Beaupréau 
 6 May 1734 - Nov 1763     Louis François Anne de Neufville(b. 1695 - d. 1766)
                             de Villeroy, duc de Retz, 
                             duc de Villeroy
29 Nov 1763 - 31 Dec 1790  Gabriel Louis François de       (b. 1731 - d. 1794)
                             Neufville de Villeroy, duc
                             d'Alincourt, duc de Villeroy,
                             marquis de Neufville, comte de
                             Sault, duc de Retz

Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of the Lyonnais, of Lyon
Nov 1694 - Nov 1701        Henri François Lambert          (b. 1623 - d. 1704)
                             d'Herbigny
Nov 1701 - 1704            François Guyet de la Faye,      (b. 1663 - d. 1736)
                             marquis de Bantange, comte de
                             Louhans, baron de Saint-
                             Germain-du-Plain 
1704 - 1710                Charles de Trudaine, seigneur   (b. 1660 - d. 1721)
                             de Montigny
27 Mar 1710 - Dec 1717     Antoine François Méliand        (b. 1670 - d. 1747) 
Dec 1717 - Jul 1738        Pierre Poulletier, seigneur     (b. 1680 - d. 1765)
                             de Nainville et de La Salle
11 Jul 1738 - Aug 1750     Bertrand René Pallu, seigneur   (b. 1692 - d. 1758)
                             de Ruau en Touraine et de
                             Barboteau
 2 Aug 1750 - 26 Feb 1754  Bonaventure Robert Rossignol    (b. 1694 - d. 1754) 
17 Mar 1754 - 1757         Henri Léonard Jean-Baptiste     (b. 1720 - d. 1792)
                             Bertin
22 Nov 1757 - 1762         Jean-Baptiste François de La    (b. 1720 - d. 1797)
                             Michodière 
22 Aug 1762 - 1767         Jean de Baillon, seigneur de    (b. 1706 - d. 1771)
                             Servon, Courtys, Boiton
11 Nov 1767 - 1784         Jacques de Flesselles           (b. 1730 - d. 1789)
1784 -  1 Apr 1790         Antoine Jean Terray, vicomte    (b. 1750 - d. 1794)
                             de Rozières, seigneur de Changy
                             et Saint-Bonnet

748                        Frankish Duchy of Maine (Ducatus Cenomannicus).
c.833                      County of Maine (Comitatus Cenomanensis).
843                        Under the suzerainty of the Kings of France.           
1063 - 1077                Under the suzerainty of the Dukes of Normandy.
1110 - 1151                Inherited by Anjou.
1151 - 1204                English (Plantagenet) rule.
1129 - 12 Dec 1481         Part of Anjou.
 1 Apr 1328                County of Maine (Comitatus Cenomanensis/Comté du Maine)
                             part of the Royal domain (confiscated 1202).
 1 Apr 1328                County of Perche (Comitatus Perticensis/Comté du Perche)
                             part of the Royal domain (county since 11..).
Jun 1351 - 10 Dec 1481     Maine as apanage for the House of Valois-Anjou.
17 Jul 1429 - 1790         County of Laval (Comté de Laval) separated from Maine.
 8 Feb 1566 - 30 May 1574  Maine an apanage for Alexandre Édouard de France (future Henri
                             III)(b. 1551 - d. 1589).
30 May 1574 - 10 Jun 1584  Maine an apanage for François de France, duc d'Alençon
                             (b. 1555 - d. 1584), brother of King Henri III.
1608 -  2 Feb 1660         Maine an apanage for Gaston de France (Gaston d'Orléans)(b. 1608 -
                             d. 1660) brother of King Louis XIII and also Duke of Orléans.
c.1618                     Government of Maine and Perche (Gouvernement du Maine et du Perche)
                             established (detached from Orleanais).
 2 Feb 1660 -  9 Jun 1701  Maine an apanage for Philippe de France (Philippe d'Orléans)
                             (b. 1640 - d. 1701) younger son of King Louis XIII, and brother
                             of King Louis XIV.
14 May 1771 - 13 Aug 1790  Maine and Perche an apanage for Louis Stanislas Xavier de France,
                             comte de Provence (future King Louis XVIII)(b. 1755 - d. 1824).

Governors (Gouverneurs de la province du Perche et du Maine)(in Le Mans)
1698 - Oct 1715            Charles Denis de Bullion,       (b. 1651 - d. 1721)
                             marquis de Gallardon, seigneur
                             de Bonnelles, comte d'Esclimont
1715 - 23 Apr 1745         Anne Jacques de Bullion,        (b. 1679 - d. 1745)
                             marquis de Fervaques et de
                             Bonnelles, seigneur de
                             Longchêne, de Montlouet, de
                             Bonnelles et d'Esclimont
 5 May 1745 - 1749         Charles Paul Sigismond de       (b. 1697 - d. 1769)
                             Montmorency, duc de Châtillon
                             et Bouteville, marquis de Royan,
                             comte de Hallot et d'Olonne
15 Oct 1749 - 1765         Philippe Antoine Gabriel Victor (b. 1723 - d. 1794)
                             Charles de La Tour Du Pin, 
                             marquis de La Charce 
23 Nov 1765 - 1785         Raphaël Lucien de Fayolle,      (b. 1727 - d. 1804)
                             comte de Mellet 
14 Aug 1785 -  1 Jan 1791  Pierre Charles Étienne Maignard,(b. 1730 - d. 1816)
                             marquis de La Vaupalière

Intendants
1542 – 1789                the Intendants of Tours (see Touraine)

843                        Under the suzerainty of the Kings of France.
c.955                      County of the Marche (Comitatus Marchia/Comté de la Marche),
                             detached from Limousin and Auvergne. 
c.1102 - 1177              Marche under the Anglo-Norman Montgommery family.
1177 - 1199                English (Plantagenet) rule.
1249 - 1301                Part of Angoulême.
28 Nov 1314                Marche and Angoulême part of the French Royal domain.
28 Nov 1314 -  3 Jan 1322  Given as an apanage to Charles de France (later King Charles IV),
                             third son of King Philippe IV.
1327 - 24 Sep 1438         Given as an apanage to the House of Bourbon, when King Charles
                             IV exchanged the County of the Marche for the County of Clermont-
                             en-Beauvaisis with the Louis, duc de Bourbon (b. 1279 - d. 1341).
24 Sep 1438 - 1455         Marche an apanage of the Armagnac branch of the Dukes of Nemours.
1455 - 1472                County of the Marche is confiscated by the King and entrusted to
                             relatives of the King called counts a temporis under Jean de Broé
                             (b. 1420 - d. 1483).
1472 - Aug 1523            Marche restored to Pierre de Beaujeu-Bourbon (from 1488, Duc de
                             Bourbon) as an apanage as part of the lands of the Dukes of
                             Bourbon.
Aug 1523                   Confiscated by the Crown.
 7 Oct 1522 – 22 Sep 1531  Marche part of the dower of Queen Louise de Savoie (b. 1476 - d.
                             1531).
 6 May 1527                Part of the Royal domain, divided into Upper Marche and
                             Lower Marche (Haute Marche et Basse Marche).
14 Aug 1540 -  9 Sep 1545  Given in apanage to Charles II de Orléans (b. 1522 - d. 1545), third
                             son of King Francis I, who grants him the county.
c.1643                     Government of Marche (Gouvernement de la Marche) established
                             (detached from Lyonnais)

Governors (Gouverneurs de la province de La Marche)(in Gueret)
Apr 1674 - 23 Feb 1719     Louis Foucault, marquis de      (b. 1643 - d. 1719)
                             Saint-Germain-Beaupré
23 Feb 1719 -  9 May 1752  Armand Louis François, marquis  (b. 1679 - d. 1752)
                             de Saint-German-Beaupré 
27 May 1752 -  1 Jan 1791  Marie Louis Caillebot, seigneur (b. 1716 - d. 1796)
                             de Montpinçon, marquis de La
                             Salle
Intendants
1558 – 1790                the Intendants of Limoges (see Limousin)

1189 - 1648                Metz (Metce/Metensis Urbs) an Imperial free city of Metz
                             (Reichsstadt Metz), from 1552 also under the French overlordship.
1374 - 1648                Verdun (Verodunum/Virodunum) an Imperial free city (Reichsstadt
                             Wirten), from 1552 also under the French overlordship.
15 Jan 1552                Trois-Évêchés (Tres Episcopatus/Three Bishoprics- Metz, Toul and
                             Verdun) - are confirmed under French overlordship by Treaty of
                             Chambord, the bishops lost representation as princes of the
                             Empire in the Council of Princes of the Imperial Diet.
Jan 1552                   Généralité of Metz established, covering the government the three
                             bishoprics (Trois-Évêchés) of Metz, Toul, and Verdun, and the
                             three free cities.
10 Apr 1552                French occupation of Metz.
13 Apr 1552                French occupation of Toul.
21 Apr 1552                Bishoprics of Metz and Verdun part of the Royal domain as the Pays
                             Messin and the Verdunois.
12 Jun 1552                French occupation of Verdun (Verdun-sur-Meuse).
19 Oct 1552 -  2 Jan 1553  Imperial seige of Metz fails to take back the city.
c.1618                     Government of Metz, Toul and Verdun (Gouvernement de Metz, Toul et
                             Verdun)("Trois Evêchés")(one of the "lesser governments")
                             established.
24 Oct 1648                Annexation of Metz, Toul and Verdun by France recognized by the
                             Holy Roman Empire by the Treaty of Westphalia.
1685                       Toul and Toulois split as as separate Government.

Governors (Gouverneurs de Metz et du Verdun)(in Metz)
1674 -  1 Aug 1703         Henri François de Senneterre,   (b. 1657 - d. 1703)
                             seigneur de Saint Nectaire,
                             duc de La Ferté-Senneterre
12 Aug 1703 -  1 Jul 1710  Jean Armand de Joyeuse, marquis (b. 1631 - d. 1710)
                             de Grandpré, dit le marquis
                             de Joyeuse 
 1 Jul 1710 - 1712         Claude Louis Hector de Villars, (b. 1653 - d. 1734)
                             duc de  Villars 
18 Oct 1712 - 23 Jul 1723  Jean Philippe d'Estaing, comte  (d. 1723)
                             de Saillant
10 Aug 1723 -  3 Mar 1733  Yves d'Alègre, marquis d'Alègre (b. 1653 - d. 1733)
                             et de Tourzel, seigneur de
                             Montaigu, de Saint-Flour-le-
                             Châtel, d'Aurouze, et
                             d'Aubusson, comte de Flageac
 9 Mar 1733 - 1756         Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet,  (b. 1684 - d. 1761)
                             duc de Gisors, dit maréchal 
                             de Belle-Isle (1st time)
1756 - 26 Jun 1758         Louis Marie Foucquet de Belle-  (b. 1732 - d. 1758)
                             Isle, comte de Gisors 
26 Jul 1758 - 26 Jan 1761  Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet,  (s.a.)
                             duc de Gisors, dit maréchal
                             de Belle-Isle (2nd time)
Feb 1761 -  2 Jan 1771     Louis Charles César Le Tellier, (b. 1695 - d. 1771)
                             marquis de Courtanvaux, comte
                             et duc d'Estrées, baron de
                             Montmirail, baron de Tigecourt,
                             chevalier de Louvois
15 Feb 1771 -  1 Jan 1791  Victor François de Broglie, duc (b. 1718 - d. 1804) 
                             de Broglie

Intendants of Justice, Police and Finances of the Trois-Évêchés, of Metz
1697 - 1700                Charles Étienne Turgot de       (b. 1670 - d. 1722)
                             Sousmont, chevalier, seigneur
                              de Sousmont
 5 May 1700 - May 1715     Dominique Claude Barberie de    (b. 1668 - d. 1730)
                             Saint-Contest, seigneur de
                             Saint-Contest
 9 Oct 1715 - 1721         Louis Auguste Achille de Harlay (b. 1679 - d. 1739)
                             de Cély, comte de Cély
1721 - 1754                Jean-François de Creil de       (b. 1684 - d. 1762)
                             Bournezeau, marquis de Creil,
                             Bournezeau, baron de Brillac  
1754 - 1756                Antoine Louis François Lefèvre  (b. 1725 - d. 1803)
                             de Caumartin, marquis de
                             Saint-Ange, comte de Moret
1756 - 1766                Jean-Louis de Bernage de Vaux,  (b. 1716 - d. 1780)
                             seigneur de Vaux
1766 - 1778                Charles Alexandre de Calonne    (b. 1734 - d. 1802)  
1778 - 1790                Jean Samuel de Pont de          (b. 1725 - d. 1805)
                             Monderoux, seigneur de Monderoux

855                        Part of Provence.
28 Sep 1388                Nice and the Pays Niçois places itself under the protection of the
                             Counts of Savoy by the "Dedication of Nice." Area known as
                             Territorium Novae Provinciae/Terres Neuves de Provence ("New
                             Territories of Provence"). In 1391, the rights of the Count of
                             Savoy become definitive.
22 Oct 1419                The treaty approves the separation of Nice from Provence and
                             separation of Nice, ratified in Aix, and in Thonon on 22 Oct 1419.
c.1526                     Style of "County of Nice" (Comitatus Nicaeensis/conte di Nizza)
                             starts to be used by the Dukes of Savoy, in an administrative and
                             non-feudal sense, as there was no 'Count of Nice' under Savoy
                             (only during periods of French occupation under Louis XIV:
                             1691-1696 and 1703-1706).
 8 Apr 1691 - 1696         French occupation of the fortress of Nice.
27 May 1691                King of France assumes the style of Comte de Nice ("Count of Nice").
24 Aug 1696                By Peace Treaty of Torino, Nice is returned to Savoy.
10 Apr 1705 - 1713         French occupation of the town of Nice and some parts of 
                             the county.
13 Jul 1713                By Peace Treaty of Utrecht France returns all occupied areas of
                             Nice to Savoy.
 2 Apr 1744 - Nov 1746     French-Spanish occupation of the town of Nice. In the course of
                             the following months all of the county, except the fortress of
                             Saorge is occupied.
Nov 1746                   Nice is liberated by Austria and Sardinia.
Jun 1747 - 1748            French-Spanish re-occupation of Nice county and Saorge fortress.
17 Oct 1748                By Peace Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, France and Spain return Nice
                             to Piedmont-Sardinia (completed by Feb 1749).
29 Sep 1792                French invasion.
14 Feb 1793                Count of Nice is annexed to France by decree (effected 24 Feb 1793).
24 Feb 1793                The county becomes part of the département des Alpes Maritimes
                             (forming its districts of Nice and of Puget-Théniers 24 Mar 1793
                             - 17 Feb 1800, there after Arrondissements of Nice and of Puget-
                             Théniers) formed from the former Sardinian County of Nice and
                             the County of Tende (Contea di Tenda/Comté de Tende).
11 May 1800 - 29 May 1800  Brief Austrian occupation of Nice.
 4 Jun 1805                San Remo annexed, from the Ligurian Republic (Genoa), incorporated
                             into Alpes Maritimes département.
30 May 1814                Counties of Nice and Tende returned by Peace Treaty of Paris the
                             to Sardinia-Piedmont (ratified 31 May 1814, effected 17 Jun 1814).
24 Mar 1860                Ceded to France by Sardinia-Piedmont (effective 14 Jun 1860).
23 Jun 1860                Part of the re-established département des Alpes-Maritimes.
 2 Feb 1861                Monaco cedes all rights to Menton and Roquebrune to France
                             (effective 12 Feb 1861).