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The Netherlands
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![[Dutch
17 Provinces flag, 1556-1579]](nl_sg.gif)
![[Republic of the United
Netherlands flag, 1579-1581]](nl_sg0.gif)
![[Dutch flag 1581-1596 Prince
flag]](nl-princ.gif)
![[National
flag of the Netherlands]](nl.gif)
![[Flag
of the Batavian Republic, 1795-1806
(Netherlands]](nl-batr.gif)
![[French
Flag]](fr.gif)
Governor and Captain-General
25 Jan 1586 - 17 Dec 1587 Robert Dudley, Earl of
Leicester (b. 1532 - d.
1588)
Governors, (and from 9 Jul 1672 Stadholders),
Captain-Generals and Admirals
1587 - 23 Apr 1625 Mauritz,
prins van Oranje,
(b. 1567 - d. 1625)
graaf van Nassau
23 Apr 1625 - 14 Mar 1647 Frederick Hendrick,
prins van (b. 1584 - d.
1647)
Oranje, graaf van
Nassau
14 Mar 1647 - 6 Nov 1650 Wilhem, prins
van Oranje, graaf
(b. 1626 - d. 1650)
van
Nassau
6 Nov 1650 - 9 Jul 1672 Vacant
9 Jul 1672 - 19 Mar 1702 Wilhem Hendrick, prins
van Oranje (b. 1650 -
d. 1702)
en Nassau
19 Mar 1702 - 13 May 1747 Vacant
Stadholders
13 May 1747¹- 22 Oct 1751 Willem IV Karel
Hendrik Friso, (b. 1711 - d.
1751)
prins
van Oranje en Nassau
22 Oct 1751 - 16 Feb 1795 Willem V
Batavus, prins van
(b. 1748 - d. 1806)
Oranje en Nassau
(in exile from 18 Jan 1795; rule interrupted
in parts of the Netherlands Jun 1785 - Sep 1787)
22 Oct 1751 - 12 Jan 1759 Anna
van Brunswyk-
(b. 1709 - d. 1759)
Lunenburg (f) -Regent
12 Jan 1759 - 9 Apr 1765 Maria
Louisa von Hessen-
(b. 1688 - d.
1765)
Cassel (f) -Regent
12 Jan 1759 - 8 Mar 1766 Ludwig Ernst von
Braunschweig- (b. 1718 - d.
1788)
Wolfenbüttel -Regent
9 Apr 1765 - 8 Mar 1766
Wilhelmina Carolina d'Orange van (b.
1743 - d. 1787)
Nassau (f) -Regent
Presidents of the
Staten-Generaal (General Estates)
18 Jan 1795 - 25 Jan 1795 François Pierre
Guillaume van (b. 1767 -
d. 1818)
Schuylenburgh
25 Jan 1795 - 1 Feb 1795 ....
1 Feb 1795 - 8 Feb 1795 ....
8 Feb 1795 - 15 Feb 1795 Cornelis Taaij (Taay)
(b. 1753 - d.
1808)
15 Feb 1795 - 22 Feb 1795 Jacob George Hieronymus
Hahn (b. 1761 - d. 1822)
Uni
(1st
time)
22 Feb 1795 - 1 Mar 1795 Jacob Verheije van
Citters (b. 1753 - d.
1823)
1 Mar 1795 - 8 Mar 1795 Paulus Hubert
Adriaan Jan Strick (b. 1769 - d. 1819)
van Linschoten
8 Mar 1795 - 15 Mar 1795 Johannes Lambertus
Huber (1st time)(b. 1750 - d. 1826) Fed
15 Mar 1795 - 22 Mar 1795 Gerrit David Jordens
(1st time) (b. 1734 - d. 1803)
Fed
22 Mar 1795 - 29 Mar 1795 Albert Johan de Sitter
(1st time) (b. 1748 - d. 1814) Fed
29 Mar 1795 - 5 Apr 1795 Gerrit Willem ridder
van Zuylen (b. 1756 - d. 1814)
Pat
van Nievelt
5 Apr 1795 - 12 Apr 1795 Jacob George
Hieronymus Hahn (s.a.)
Uni
(2nd
time)
12 Apr 1795 - 19 Apr 1795 Bonifacius Matthias Pous
(1st time)(b. 1744 - d. 1797)
19 Apr 1795 - 26 Apr 1795 Pieter Pijpers
(Pÿpers)(1st time) (b. 1749 - d. 1805)
Pat
26 Apr 1795 - 3 May 1795 Johannes Lambertus
Huber (2nd time)(s.a.)
Fed
3 May 1795 - 10 May 1795 Gerrit David
Jordens (2nd time) (s.a.)
Fed
10 May 1795 - 17 May 1795 Albert Johan de Sitter
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Fed
17 May 1795 - 24 May 1795 Carel Gerard
Hultman
(b. 1752 - d. 1820)
Mod
24 May 1795 - 31 May 1795 Jacob George Hieronymus
Hahn (s.a.)
Uni
(3rd
time)
31 May 1795 - 7 Jun 1795 Bonifacius Matthias
Pous (2nd time)(s.a.)
7 Jun 1795 - 14 Jun 1795 Pieter Pijpers
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Pat
14 Jun 1795 - 21 Jun 1795 Johannes Lambertus Huber
(3rd time)(s.a.)
Fed
21 Jun 1795 - 28 Jun 1795 Hendrik Knijpinga
Cramer
(b. 1754 - d. 1815)
28 Jun 1795 - 5 Jul 1795 Jacobus van der
Steege (1st time) (b. 1746 - d. 1811)
5 Jul 1795 - 12 Jul 1795 Herman Jacob
Dyckmeester (1st time)(b. 1771 - d. 1850)
12 Jul 1795 - 19 Jul 1795 Ludovicus Timon de
Kempenaar (b. 1752 -
d. 1812) Uni
(1st
time)
19 Jul 1795 - 26 Jul 1795 Bonifacius Matthias Pous
(3rd time)(s.a.)
26 Jul 1795 - 2 Aug 1795 Pieter Pijpers (3rd
time) (s.a.)
Pat
2 Aug 1795 - 9 Aug 1795 Johannes
Lambertus Huber (4th time)(s.a.)
Fed
9 Aug 1795 - 16 Aug 1795 Johan Antony Zwier
van Ysselmuyden (b. 1760 - d.
1810)
tot Paeslo (1st time)
16 Aug 1795 - 23 Aug 1795 Albert Johan de Sitter
(3rd time) (s.a.)
Fed
23 Aug 1795 - 30 Aug 1795 Jan Willem Hendrik
Conrady (b.
1768 - d. 1844)
30 Aug 1795 - 6 Sep 1795 Ludovicus Timon de
Kempenaar (s.a.)
Uni
(2nd
time)
6 Sep 1795 - 13 Sep 1795 Bonifacius Matthias
Pous (4th time)(s.a.)
13 Sep 1795 - 20 Sep 1795 Pieter Pijpers (4th
time) (s.a.)
20 Sep 1795 - 27 Sep 1795 Thomas
Philippus Joha (1st time) (b. 1750 - d.
1812)
27 Sep 1795 - 4 Oct 1795 Lambert Christiaan
Hendrik
Strubberg
4 Oct 1795 - 11 Oct 1795 Albert Johan de
Sitter (4th time) (s.a.)
11 Oct 1795 - 18 Oct 1795 Herman Jacob Dyckmeester
(2nd time)(s.a.)
18 Oct 1795 - 25 Oct 1795 Ludovicus Timon de
Kempenaar (s.a.)
Uni
(3rd time)
25 Oct 1795 - 1 Nov 1795 Joan van
Kuffeler
(b.
1755 - d. 1811)
1 Nov 1795 - 7 Nov 1795 Pieter Pijpers
(5th time) (s.a.)
Pat
8 Nov 1795 - 14 Nov 1795 Johannes Lambertus
Huber (5th time)(s.a.)
Fed
15 Nov 1795 - 21 Nov 1795 Gerrit David Jordens
(3rd time) (s.a.)
Fed
22 Nov 1795 - 28 Nov 1795 Albert Johan de Sitter
(5th time) (s.a.)
Fed
29 Nov 1795 - 5 Dec 1795 Herman Jacob
Dyckmeester (3rd time)(s.a.)
6 Dec 1795 - 12 Dec 1795 Ludovicus Timon de
Kempenaar (s.a.)
Uni
(4th
time)
13 Dec 1795 - 19 Dec 1795 Nicolaas Cornelis
Lambrechtsen (b. 1752 - d.
1823)
20 Dec 1795 - 26 Dec 1795 Pieter Pijpers
(6th time)
(s.a.)
Pat
27 Dec 1795 - 2 Jan 1796 Thomas Philippus
Joha (2nd time) (s.a.)
Fed
3 Jan 1796 - 9 Jan 1796 Johan Antony
Zwier van Ysselmuyden (s.a.)
tot Paeslo (2nd time)
10 Jan 1796 - 16 Jan 1796 Jacobus van der Steege
(2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Jan 1796 - 23 Jan 1796 Augustinus
Geukama
(b. 1732 -
d. 1801)
24 Jan 1796 - 2 Feb 1796 Ludovicus Timon de
Kempenaar (s.a.)
Uni
(5th
time)
3 Feb 1796 - 6 Feb 1796 Adriaan
François Lammens
(b. 1767 - d. 1847)
7 Feb 1796 - 13 Feb 1796 Pieter Pijpers (7th
time)
(s.a.)
Pat
14 Feb 1796 - 20 Feb 1796 Johannes Lambertus Huber
(5th time)(s.a.)
Fed
21 Feb 1796 - 27 Feb 1796 Gerard Willem van
Marle
(b. 1752 - d.
1799) Fed
28 Feb 1796 - 29 Feb 1796 Jacobus van der Steege
(3rd time) (s.a.)
Presidents of the Nationale
Vergadering (National Assembly)
(often styled National Convention, in imitation of
French parallel)
1 Mar 1796 - 17 Mar 1796 Pieter
Paulus
(b. 1754 - d. 1796) Mod
7 Mar 1796 - 2 Apr 1796
Pieter Leonard van de Kasteele (b.
1748 - d. 1810) Rad
(acting for Paulus to 18 Mar 1796)
(1st time)
2 Apr 1796 - 16 Apr 1796 Albert
Johan de
Sitter
(s.a.)
Fed
17 Apr 1796 - 30 Apr 1796 Jan Bernd
Bicker (1st
time) (b. 1746
- d. 1812) Fed
1 May 1796 - 14 May 1796 Daniël
Cornelis de
Leeuw
(b. 1747 - d. 1834) Uni
15 May 1796 - 28 May 1796 Rutger Jan
Schimmelpenninck, heer (b. 1761 - d. 1825)
Mod
van Nijenhuis, Peckedam en
Gallicum
(1st time)
29 May 1796 - 11 Jun 1796 Joan Arend de
Vos van Steenwijk, (b. 1746 - d. 1813)
heer van
Nijerwal, Oldenhof,
Welland
en Serooskerke
12 Jun 1796 - 25 Jun 1796 Jacob George
Hieronymus Hahn
(s.a.)
Uni
26 Jun 1796 - 9 Jul 1796 Paulus
Hartog
(b. 1735 - d. 1805) Mod
10 Jul 1796 - 23 Jul 1796 Willem Aernout
de Beveren
(b. 1749 - d. 1820) Fed
25 Jul 1796 - 6 Aug 1796 Ludovicus
Timon de Kempenaer
(s.a.)
Uni
7 Aug 1796 - 20 Aug 1796 Jan Pieter
van
Wickevoort
(b. 1763 - d. 1837) Uni
Crommelin
21 Aug 1796 - 3 Sep 1796 Paulus
Emmanuel Anthony de la (b.
1760 - d. 1848) Uni
Court
4 Sep 1796 - 17 Sep 1796 Jacob Jan
Cambier
(b. 1756 - d. 1831) Mod
18 Sep 1796 - 1 Oct 1796 Jacobus
Kantelaar
(b. 1759 - d. 1821) Fed
2 Oct 1796 - 15 Oct 1796 Tammo
Adriaan ten
Berge
(b. 1756 - d. 1830) Fed
16 Oct 1796 - 29 Oct 1796 Bernardus
Blok
(b. 1756 - d. 1818) Uni
30 Oct 1796 - 12 Nov 1796 Gerrit David
Jordens
(s.a.)
Fed
13 Nov 1796 - 26 Nov 1796 Abraham
Gijsbertus
Verster
(b. 1751 - d. 1841) Fed
27 Nov 1796 - 10 Dec 1796 Ijsbrand van
Hamelsveld
(b. 1743 - d. 1812) Dem
11 Dec 1796 - 24 Dec 1796 Cornelis van
Lennep
(b. 1751 - d. 1813) Mod
25 Dec 1796 - 7 Jan 1797 Jan
Hendrik
Stoffenberg
(b. 1749 - d. 1838) Fed
8 Jan 1797 - 21 Jan 1797 Lambert
Engelbert van
Eck
(b. 1754 - d. 1803) Mod
22 Jan 1797 - 4 Feb 1797 Willem
Queysen
(b. 1754 - d. 1817) Fed
5 Feb 1797 - 18 Feb 1797 Carel de
Vos van Steenwijk, heer (b. 1759 - d. 1830)
Fed
van
Dikninge en de Hogenhof
19 Feb 1797 - 4 Mar 1797 Hendrik van
Castrop
(b. 1736 - d. 1806) Mod
5 Mar 1797 - 18 Mar 1797 Meinardus
Siderius
(b. 1754 - d. 1829) Fed
19 Mar 1797 - 1 Apr 1797 Cornelis
Wilhelmus de
Rhoer (b. 1751
- d. 1821) Fed
2 Apr 1797 - 15 Apr 1797 Jan
Couperus
(b. 1755 - d. 1833) Uni
16 Apr 1797 - 29 Apr 1797 Jacob Abraham
de
Mist
(b. 1749 - d. 1823) Fed
30 Apr 1797 - 13 May 1797 Jan Bernd
Bicker (2nd
time) (s.a.)
Fed
14 May 1797 - 27 May 1797 Rutger Jan
Schimmelpenninck, heer (s.a.)
Mod
van Nijenhuis, Peckedam en
Gellicum
(2nd time)
28 May 1797 - 10 Jun 1797 Gerard Willem
van
Marle
(s.a.)
Fed
14 Jun 1797 - 27 Jun 1797 Herman Hendricus
Vitringa
(b. 1757 - d. 1801) Fed
25 Jun 1797 - 8 Jul 1797 Johan
Herman de Lange
(b. 1759 - d. 1818) Fed
9 Jul 1797 - 22 Jul 1797 Ambrosius
Justus
Zubli
(b. 1751 - d. 1820) Mod
23 Jul 1797 - 5 Aug 1797 Willem
Hendrik Teding van Berkhout,(b. 1745 - d. 1809)
Mod
heer van Noord-Scharwoude
6 Aug 1797 - 19 Aug 1797 Scato
Trip
(b. 1742 - d. 1822) Fed
20 Aug 1797 - 31 Aug 1797 Pieter Leonard
van de Kasteele (s.a.)
Mod
(2nd time)
1 Sep 1797 - 16 Sep 1797 Jan David
Pasteur
(b. 1753 - d. 1804) Uni
17 Sep 1797 - 30 Sep 1797 Adrianus Ploos
van
Amstel
(b. 1749 - d. 1816) Uni
1 Oct 1797 - 14 Oct 1797 Joachim
Nuhout van der
Veen (b. 1756
- d. 1833) Uni
15 Oct 1797 - 28 Oct 1797 Hugo
Gevers
(b. 1765 - d. 1852) Mod
29 Oct 1797 - 11 Nov 1797 Jacob van
Manen
(b. 1752 - d. 1822) Uni
12 Nov 1797 - 25 Nov 1797 Pieter
Vreede
(b. 1750 - d. 1837) Rad
26 Nov 1797 - 9 Dec 1797 Stefanus
Jacobus van
Langen (b.
1758 - d. 1847) Uni
10 Dec 1797 - 23 Dec 1797 Jacobus
Blaauw
(b. 1756 - d. 1829) Dem
24 Dec 1797 - 6 Jan 1798 Joan
Bernard
Auffmorth
(b. 1744 - d. 1831) Uni
7 Jan 1798 - 20 Jan 1798 Joannes
Franciscus Rudolphus van (b. 1755 - d. 1816)
Uni
Hooff
21 Jan 1798 - 22 Jan 1798 Johannes
Henricus
Midderigh (b.
1753 - d. 1800) Rad
President of the Constituerende
Vergadering (Constituent
Assembly)
22 Jan 1798 - 25 Jan 1798 Johannes Henricus
Midderigh
(s.a.)
Rad
Presidents of the Uitvoerend Bewind
(literally: Executive Authority; usually translated
as Executive Directory, in imitation of French
parallel)(provisional to 20 May 1798)
25 Jan 1798 - 28 Feb 1798 Pieter
Vreede
(s.a.)
Rad
1 Mar 1798 - 31 Mar 1798 Wybo
Fijnje (Fynje)
(b. 1754
- d. 1796) Rad
2 Apr 1798 - 30 Apr 1798 Stefanus
Jacobus van
Langen (s.a.)
Uni
1 May 1798 - 31 May 1798 Berend
Wildrik
(b. 1754 - d. 1831) Uni
1 Jun 1798 - 12 Jun 1798 Johan
Pieter
Fokker
(b. 1751 - d. 1831) Uni
Presidents of the Intermediair
Uitvoerend Bewind (Interim Executive
Authority)
12 Jun 1798 - 14 Jun 1798 Intermediair
Bestuur (Interim Administration)
- Jacobus Spoors
(b. 1751 - d.
1833)
- Gerrit Jan Pijman (Pyman)
(b. 1750 - d.
1839)
- Isaäk Jan Alexander
Gogel (b.
1765 - d. 1821) Uni
- Reinier Willem
Tadama
(b. 1771 - d. 1812) Uni
- Abraham Jacques La Pierre
(b. 1750 - d. 1837) Mod
14 Jun 1798 - 20 Jun 1798 Jacobus Spoors (1st
time)
(s.a.)
21 Jun 1798 - 27 Jun
1798 Gerrit Jan Pijman (Pyman)(1st
time)(s.a.)
28 Jun 1798 - 4 Jul 1798 Isaäk Jan
Alexander Gogel (s.a.)
Uni
(1st time)
4 Jul 1798 - 11 Jul 1798 Reinier
Willem Tadama (1st time) (s.a.)
Uni
12 Jul 1798 - 18 Jul 1798 Abraham Jacques
La Pierre
(s.a.)
Mod
(1st time)
19 Jul 1798 - 25 Jul
1798 Jacobus Spoors (2nd time)
(s.a.)
26 Jul 1798 - 31
Jul 1798 Gerrit Jan Pijman (Pyman)(2nd
time)(s.a.)
1 Aug 1798 - 7 Aug
1798 Isaäk Jan Alexander
Gogel
(s.a.)
Uni
(2nd time)
8 Aug 1798 - 14 Aug
1798 Reinier Willem Tadama (2nd
time) (s.a.)
Uni
14 Aug 1798 - 17 Aug
1798 Abraham Jacques La Pierre
(s.a.)
Mod
(2nd
time)
Presidents of the Uitvoerend Bewind
(literally: Executive Authority; usually translated
as Executive Directory, in imitation of
French parallel)
17 Aug 1798 - 16 Sep 1798 Albert Willem Hoeth
(1st time) (b. 1758 - d.
1827) Mod
17 Sep 1798 - 16 Oct 1798 Johannes Willem
van Hasselt
(b. 1752 - d. 1833)
(1st
time)
17 Oct 1798 - 16 Nov 1798 François
Ermerins (1st time)
(b. 1753 - d. 1840)
17 Nov 1798 - 16 Dec 1798 Anthony
Frederik Robbert Evert (b. 1756
- d. 1830) Fed
van Haersolte, heer van Staverden
(1st
time)
17 Dec 1798 - 16 Jan 1799 Joannes
Franciscus Rudolphus
(s.a.)
Uni
van Hooff (1st
time)
17 Jan 1799 - 16 Feb 1799 Albert Willem
Hoeth (2nd time) (s.a.)
Mod
17 Feb 1799 - 16 Mar 1799 Johannes Willem
van Hasselt
(s.a.)
(2nd
time)
17 Mar 1799 - 16 Apr 1799 François
Ermerins (2nd time)
(s.a.)
17 Apr 1799 - 16 May 1799 Anthony
Frederik Robbert Evert
(s.a.)
van Haersolte, heer van Staverden
(2nd
time)
17 May 1799 - 16 Jun 1799 Joannes
Franciscus Rudolphus
(s.a.)
Uni
van Hooff (2nd time)
17 Jun 1799 - 16 Jul 1799 Albert Willem
Hoeth (3rd time) (s.a.)
Mod
17 Jul 1799 - 16 Aug 1799 Augustijn
Gerhard Besier (Bezier) (b. 1758 - d.
1829)
(1st
time)
17 Aug 1799 - 16 Sep 1799 François
Ermerins (3rd time)
(s.a.)
17 Sep 1799 - 16 Oct 1799 Anthony
Frederik Robbert Evert
(s.a.)
van Haersolte, heer van Staverden
(3rd
time)
17 Oct 1799 - 16 Nov 1799 Joannes
Franciscus Rudolphus
(s.a.)
Uni
van Hooff (3rd time)
17 Nov 1799 - 16 Dec 1799 Albert Willem
Hoeth (4th time) (s.a.)
Mod
17 Dec 1799 - 16 Jan 1800 Augustijn
Gerhard Besier
(s.a.)
(2nd
time)
17 Jan 1800 - 16 Feb 1800 François
Ermerins (4th time)
(s.a.)
17 Feb 1800 - 16 Mar 1800 Anthony
Frederik Robbert Evert
(s.a.)
van Haersolte, heer van Staverden
(4th time)
17 Mar 1800 - 16 Apr 1800 Joannes
Franciscus Rudolphus
(s.a.)
Uni
van Hooff (4th time)
17 Apr 1800 - 16 May 1800 Albert Willem
Hoeth (5th time) (s.a.)
Mod
17 May 1800 - 16 Jun 1800 Augustijn
Gerhard Besier
(s.a.)
(3rd
time)
17 Jun 1800 - 16 Jul 1800 François
Ermerins (5th time)
(s.a.)
17 Jul 1800 - 16 Aug 1800 Anthony
Frederik Robbert Evert
(s.a.)
van Haersolte, heer van Staverden
(5th
time)
17 Aug 1800 - 16 Sep 1800 Jan Hendrik van
Swinden (1st time) (b. 1746 - d. 1823)
17 Sep 1800 - 16 Oct 1800 Albert Willem
Hoeth (6th time) (s.a.)
Mod
17 Oct 1800 - 16 Nov 1800 Augustijn
Gerhard Besier
(s.a.)
(4th
time)
17 Nov 1800 - 16 Dec 1800 François
Ermerins (6th time)
(s.a.)
17 Dec 1800 - 16 Jan 1801 Anthony
Frederik Robbert Evert
(s.a.)
van Haersolte, heer van Staverden
(6th time)
17 Jan 1801 - 16 Feb 1801 Jan Hendrik van
Swinden (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Feb 1801 - 16 Mar 1801 Albert Willem
Hoeth (7th time) (s.a.)
Mod
17 Mar 1801 - 16 Apr 1801 Augustijn
Gerhard Besier
(s.a.)
(5th time)
17 Apr 1801 - 16 May 1801 François
Ermerins (7th time)
(s.a.)
17 May 1801 - 16 Jun 1801 Anthony
Frederik Robbert Evert
(s.a.)
van Haersolte, heer van Staverden
(7th
time)
17 Jun 1801 - 16 Jul 1801 Jan Hendrik van
Swinden (3rd time) (s.a.)
17 Jul 1801 - 16 Aug 1801 Gerrit Jan
Pijman
(s.a.)
17 Aug 1801 - 16 Sep 1801 Augustijn
Gerhard Besier (s.a.)
(6th time)
17 Sep 1801 - 18 Sep 1801 François
Ermerins (8th time)
(s.a.)
18 Sep 1801 - 19 Sep 1801
Augustijn Gerhard Besier
(s.a.)
(7th time)
19 Sep 1801 - 17 Oct 1801 Anthony Frederik
Robbert Evert
(s.a.)
van Haersolte, heer van Staverden
(8th
time)
Presidents of the Staatsbewind
(literally: State Authority, usually translated
as State Council)
17 Oct 1801 - 31 Jan 1802 Willem Aernout
de
Beveren
(s.a.)
Fed
(1st time)
1 Feb 1802 - 30 Apr 1802
Egbert van Burmania Rengers
(b. 1745 - d. 1806) Org
1 May 1802 - 31 Jul 1802 Samuel van
Hoogstraten, heer van (b. 1756 - d. 1830)
Mod
Heicup,
Boeicup, Woubrugge, Sint
Jacobswoude en Rodenburg
1 Aug 1802 - 31 Oct 1802 Gerrit Jan
Pijman
(s.a.)
1 Nov 1802 - 31 Jan 1803 Johannes
Baptista
Verheyen
(b. 1746 - d. 1814)
1 Feb 1803 - 30 Apr 1803 Jacobus
Spoors
(s.a.)
1 May 1803 - 31 Jul 1803 Campegius
Hermanus Gockinga (b.
1748 - d. 1823) Mod
1 Aug 1803 - 31 Oct 1803 Daniël
Cornelis de
Leeuw
(s.a.)
Uni
1 Nov 1803 - 31 Jan 1804 Augustijn
Gerhard
Besier
(s.a.)
1 Feb 1804 - 30 Apr 1804 Anthony
Frederik Robbert Evert
(s.a.)
Fed
van Haersolte, heer van Staverden
1 May 1804 - 31 Jul 1804 Gerard
Brantsen
(b. 1734 - d. 1809) Org
1 Aug 1804 - 31 Oct 1804 Willem
Queysen
(s.a.)
Fed
1 Nov 1804 - 31 Jan 1805 Willem
Aernout de
Beveren
(s.a.)
Fed
(2nd time)
1 Feb 1805 - 29 Apr 1805 Jan Bernd
Bicker
(s.a.)
Fed
Pensionaries of the Council (Raadpensionaris,
usually translated Grand Pensionaries)
29 Apr 1805 - 5 Jun 1806 Rutger Jan
Schimmelpenninck, heer (s.a.)
Mod
van Nijenhuis, Peckedam en
Gallicum
5 Jun 1806 - 9 Jun 1806 Carel de Vos
van Steenwijk, heer (s.a.)
Fed
van Dikninge en de Hogenhof
(acting)
Kings²
9 Jun 1806 - 1 Jul 1810 Lodewijk I
Napoleon
(b. 1778 - d. 1846)
(= Louis Napoléon Bonaparte)
1 Jul 1810 - 13 Jul 1810 Napoleon
Lodewijk
II
(b. 1804 - d. 1831)
(= Napoléon Louis Bonaparte)
3 Jul 1810 - 13 Jul 1810
Paulus van der Heim -Regent
(b. 1753 - d. 1823)
(acting
[for absent Queen Hortense] chairman
of provisional council of regency)
Governor-general
13 Jul 1810 - 20 Nov 1813
Charles-François Lebrun, duc de (b.
1739 - d. 1824)
Plaisance
(Lieutenant-general to 31 Dec 1810)
Sovereign Prince²
20 Nov 1813 - 2 Dec 1813 General
Government in the name of the
Prince of Oranje-Nassau
- Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp
(b. 1762 - d. 1834)
- Adam François Jules Armand van (b. 1771 -
d. 1848)
der Duyn, vrijheer van 's
Gravenmoer, heer van Maasdam,
Benthorn en Hinkelenoord
2 Dec 1813 - 16 Mar 1815 Willem VI
Frederik
(b. 1772 - d. 1848)
Kings² (also Grand dukes of Luxembourg 1815-1890)
16 Mar 1815 - 7 Oct 1840 Willem I
(s.a.)
7 Oct 1840 - 17 Mar 1849 Willem
II
(b. 1792 - d. 1849)
17 Mar 1849 - 23 Nov 1890 Willem
III
(b. 1817 - d. 1890)
Queen²
23 Nov 1890 - 4 Sep 1948
Wilhelmina
(b. 1880 - d. 1962)
(13 May 1940 - 13 Mar 1945 in London exile)
23 Nov 1890 - 31 Aug 1898 Adelheid Emma
Wilhelmina Theresia, (b. 1858 - d. 1934)
prinses van Waldeck en
Pyrmont (f) -Regent
13 May 1940 - 15 May 1940 Henri Gerard
Winkelman
(b. 1876 - d. 1952) Mil
(commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy;
Supreme Authority in the Netherlands)
German Military Governors
15 May 1940 - 16 May 1940 Fedor von
Bock
(b. 1880 - d. 1945) Mil
16 May 1940 - 29 May 1940 Alexander von
Falkenhausen
(b. 1878 - d. 1966) Mil
(military governor of Netherlands and Belgium)
Reichskommissar für die Besetzten Niederländischen
Gebiete
29 May 1940 - 6 May 1945 Arthur von
Seyss-Inquart
(b. 1892 - d. 1946) NSDAP
Queens²
14 Oct 1947 - 30 Nov 1947 Juliana (f) -Regent
(1st time) (b. 1909 - d. 2004)
14 May 1948 - 30 Aug
1948 Juliana (f) -Regent
(2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Sep 1948 - 30 Apr
1980
Juliana
(s.a.)
30 Apr 1980 - 30 Apr
2013
Beatrix
(b. 1938)
King²
30 Apr 2013
-
Willem-Alexander
(b. 1967)
State Secretary
22 Oct 1798 - 21 Mar 1801 Carel
Gerard Jan Hultman
(b. 1752 - d. 1820) Mod
(1st time)
21 Mar 1801 - 17 Oct 1801 Vacant
17 Oct 1801 - 29 Apr 1805 Carel Gerard
Jan Hultman (s.a.)
Mod
(2nd time)
General Secretaries of State (and from 19 Jun 1806,
Secretaries of the Cabinet)
29 Apr 1805 - 30 Jun 1806 Carel Gerard Jan Hultman
(s.a.)
Mod
(acting from 19 Jun 1806)
30 Jun 1806 - 8 Jan 1808 Willem Frederik
Roëll
(b. 1767 - d. 1835) Org
Chief ministers (Presidents of
the Council of Ministers)
1809 - 8 Mar 1810
Paulus van der
Heim
(s.a.)
8 Mar 1810 - 31 Dec 1810 Jacob Jan
Cambier
(s.a.)
Mod
Secretaries of State
31 Dec 1813 - 19 Mar 1818 Anton Reinhard
Falck
(b. 1777 - d. 1843) Con
19 Mar 1819 - 12 Nov 1835
Jean Gijsberto de Mey
van
(b. 1782 - d. 1841) Con
Streefkerk (from 16 Jun 1826,
Jean Gijsberto baron de Mey
van Streefkerk)
(acting to 28 Dec 1822)
16 Aug 1820 - 15 Nov 1820 Steven Dassevael
(b. 1771 - d. 1838) Con
(acting for Streefkerk)
12 Nov 1835 - 1 Dec 1836 Gerrit
graaf Schimmelpenninck (b.
1794 - d. 1863) Con
1 Dec 1836 - 31 Dec 1840 Hendrik
Jacob baron van Doorn (b. 1786 - d.
1853) Con
van Westcapelle
(acting for Schimmelpenninck
22 Sep - 1 Dec 1836)
Vice-Presidents of the Council of State and
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
6 Apr 1814 - 7 Nov 1816 Gijsbert
Karel van Hogendorp
(b. 1762 - d. 1834)
Con
Hogendorp (from 28 Aug 1814,
Jonkheer
Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp;
from 20
Sep 1815, Gijsbert Karel
graaf van
Hogendorp)
7 Nov 1816 - 1 Jul 1829 Johan Hendrik
Mollerus
(b. 1750 - d. 1834) Con
(from 24 Nov 1816, Jonkheer Johan
Hendrik Mollerus; from 21 Dec
1820,
Johan
Hendrik baron Mollerus)
(acting
to 10 Feb 1817)
1 Jul 1829 - 7 Oct 1840 Willem van
Nassau, prins van (s.a.)
Non-party
Oranje-Nassau
(= Willem II)
7 Oct 1840 - 31 Dec 1840 Jonkheer
Jan Elias Nicolaas van (b. 1766 -
d. 1841) Con
Lynden (acting)
1 Jan 1841 - 26 Mar 1848 Hendrik
Jacob baron van Doorn (s.a.)
Con
van Westcapelle
Prime ministers (until 23 May 1945, Chairman of the
Council of Ministers;
then Minister-President)
26 Mar 1848 - 17 May 1848 Gerrit graaf
Schmmelpenninck
(s.a.)
Lib
17 May 1848 - 4 Jun 1849 Dirk
Donker Curtius
(b. 1792 - d. 1863) Lib
4 Jun 1849 - 1 Nov 1849 Jacob
Matthaeus de Kempenaer
(b. 1793 - d. 1870) Lib
1 Nov 1849 - 19 Apr 1853 Johan
Rudolf Thorbecke (1st time) (b. 1798 - d.
1872) Lib
19 Apr 1853 - 1 Jul 1856 Floris
Adriaan baron van Hall
(s.a.)
Con-Lib
(1st time)
1 Jul 1856 - 18 Mar 1858 Jastinus Jacob
Leonard van der (b. 1804 - d.
1863) Con
Brugghen
18 Mar 1858 - 23 Feb 1860 Jan Jacob
Rochussen
(b. 1797 - d. 1871) Con
23 Feb 1860 - 23 Feb 1861 Floris Adriaan baron van
Hall
(s.a.)
Con-Lib
(2nd time)
23 Feb 1861 - 14 Mar 1861
Schelte baron
Heemstra
(b. 1807 - d. 1864) Lib
(1st
time)(acting)
14 Mar 1861 - 10 Nov 1861
Jacob Pieter Pompejus baron
(b. 1816 - d.
1890) Con-Lib
van Zuylen van Nijevelt
10 Nov 1861 - 1 Feb 1862 Schelte
baron van Heemstra
(s.a.)
Lib
(2nd
time)(acting)
1 Feb 1862 - 10 Feb 1866 Johan Rudolf
Thorbecke (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Lib
10 Feb 1866 - 1 Jun 1866 Isaäc
Dignus Fransen van de Putte (b. 1822 - d.
1902) Lib
(1st time)
12 Mar 1866 - 19 Apr 1866 Pieter Philip van
Bosse
(b. 1809 - d. 1879) Lib
(acting
for van de Putte)
19 May 1866 - 1 Jun 1866 Pieter Philip van
Bosse
(s.a.)
Lib
(acting for van de Putte)
1 Jun 1866 - 4 Jun 1868 Julius Philip
Jacob Adriaan (b. 1819 - d.
1894) Con
graaf van Zuylen van Nijevelt
4 Jun 1868 - 4 Jan 1871 Pieter
Philip van Bosse (1st time)
(s.a.)
Lib
4 Jan 1871 - 4 Jun 1872 Johan
Rudolf Thorbecke (3rd time)
(s.a.)
Lib
4 Jun 1872 - 6 Jul 1872 Pieter
Philip van Bosse (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Lib
6 Jul 1872 - Nov 1872 Gerrit de
Vries
(b. 1818 - d. 1900) Lib
Nov 1872 - 27 Aug 1874 Isaäc
Dignus Fransen van de Pute (s.a.)
Lib
(2nd time)
27 Aug 1874 - 3 Nov 1877 Jan
Abrahamzoon Heemskerk
(b. 1818 - d.
1897) Con
(1st time)
3 Nov 1877 - 20 Aug 1879 Johannes
Kappeyne van de Coppello (b. 1822 - d. 1895)
Lib
20 Aug 1879 - 23 Apr 1883 Constantijn
Theodoor graaf
van (b. 1826 - d. 1885)
Con
Lynden van Sandenburg
23 Apr 1883 - 21 Apr 1888 Jan
Abrahamzoon Heemskerk
(s.a.)
Con
(2nd time)
21 Apr 1888 - 21 Aug 1891 Aeneas baron
Mackay
(b. 1838 - d. 1909) ARP
21 Aug 1891 - 21 Mar 1894 Gijsbert van
Tienhoven
(b. 1841 - d. 1914) Lib
21 Mar 1894 - 9 May 1894 Johannes
Pieter Roetert Tak van (b. 1829 -
d. 1904) LU
Poortvliet
9 May 1894 - 27 Jul 1897 Jonkheer Joan
Roëll
(b. 1844 - d. 1914) Lib
27 Jul 1897 - 1 Aug 1901 Nicolaas
Gerard
Pierson
(b. 1839 - d. 1909) LU
1 Aug 1901 - 17 Aug 1905 Abraham
Kuyper
(b. 1837 - d. 1920) ARP
17 Aug 1905 - 12 Feb 1908 Theodoor Herman
de
Meester
(b. 1851 - d. 1919) LU
12 Feb 1908 - 29 Aug 1913 Theodorus
"Theo" Heemskerk
(b. 1852 - d. 1932) ARP
29 Aug 1913 - 9 Sep 1918 Pieter
Willem Adriaan Cort van (b. 1846
- d. 1935) Lib
der Linden
9 Sep 1918 - 3 Aug 1925
Jonkheer Charles Joseph Maria Ruys (b. 1873 - d.
1936) AB
de Beerenbrouck (1st time)
4 Aug 1925 - 8 Mar 1926
Hendrikus Colijn (1st
time) (b. 1869
- d. 1944) ARP
8 Mar 1926 - 10 Aug 1929 Dirk Jan
de Geer (1st
time) (b. 1870
- d. 1960) CHU
10 Aug 1929 - 26 May 1933 Jonkheer
Charles Joseph Maria Ruys
(s.a.)
RKSP
de Beerenbrouck (2nd time)
26 May 1933 - 10 Aug 1939 Hendrikus
Colijn (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
ARP
10 Aug 1939 - 3 Sep 1940 Dirk Jan
de Geer (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
CHU
(in London exile from 13 May 1940)
3 Sep 1940 - 24 Jun 1945 Pieter
Sjoerds
Gerbrandy
(b. 1885 - d. 1961) ARP
(in London exile to 23 May
1945)
6 May 1945 - 23 May 1945 Lodewijk
Hendrik Nicolaas Bosch, (b. 1884 – d.
1953) CHU
ridder van Rosenthal
(chairman of the Committee of Trusted
Representatives of the Government)
24 Jun 1945 - 3 Jul 1946 Willem
Schermerhorn
(b. 1894 - d. 1977)VDB;1946 PvdA
3 Jul 1946 - 7 Aug 1948 Louis
Joseph Maria Beel (1st time) (b. 1902 - d.
1977) KVP
7 Aug 1948 - 22 Dec 1958 Willem
Drees
(b. 1886 - d. 1988) PvdA
22 Dec 1958 - 19 May 1959 Louis Joseph
Maria Beel (2nd time)
(s.a.)
KVP
19 May 1959 - 24 Jul 1963 Jan Eduard de
Quay
(b. 1901 - d. 1985) KVP
24 Jul 1963 - 14 Apr 1965 Victor Marijnen
(b. 1917 - d. 1975) KVP
14 Apr 1965 - 22 Nov 1966 Jozef "Jo"
Cals
(b.
1914 - d. 1971) KVP
22 Nov 1966 - 5 Apr 1967 Jelle
Zijlstra
(b. 1918 - d. 2001) ARP
5 Apr 1967 - 6 Jul 1971
Petrus "Piet" de
Jong
(b. 1915 - d. 2016) KVP
6 Jul 1971 - 11 May 1973 Barend
Willem
Biesheuvel
(b. 1920 - d. 2001) ARP
11 May 1973 - 19 Dec 1977 Johannes "Joop"
den
Uyl
(b. 1919 - d. 1987) PvdA
19 Dec 1977 - 4 Nov 1982 Andreas
"Dries" van
Agt
(b. 1931)
KVP;1980 CDA
4 Nov 1982 - 22 Aug 1994 Rudolphus
"Ruud"
Lubbers
(b. 1939 - d. 2018) CDA
22 Aug 1994 - 22 Jul 2002 Willem "Wim"
Kok
(b. 1938 - d. 2018) PvdA
22 Jul 2002 - 14 Oct 2010 Jan Peter
Balkenende
(b.
1956)
CDA
14 Oct 2010
-
Mark
Rutte
(b. 1967)
VVD
German and Allied Occupation 1940-1945
German Military Commanders
10 May 1940 - 16 May
1940 Fedor von
Bock
(s.a.)
Mil
16 May 1940 - 29 May
1940 Alexander Freiherr
von
(b. 1878 - d. 1966) Mil
Falkenhausen
29 May 1940 - 6 May
1945 Friedrich
Christiansen
(b. 1879 - d. 1972) Mil
14 Dec 1942 - 5 May 1945
Anton Adriaan
Mussert
(b. 1894 - d. 1946) NSB
(with the German authorized honorific
style Leider van het Nederlandse Volk
["Leader of The Netherlands People"])
Dutch Chief of the General Staff, Military
Authority for the Liberated Areas
14 Sep 1944 - 6 Mar 1946 Hendrik
Johan Kruls (Netherlands) (b. 1902 - d.
1975) Mil
Note: Until 1944 the different resistance movements acted separately under the supervision of the Bureau Bijzondere Opdrachten (Bureau Special Missions) of the Netherlands government in exile. In 5 Sep 1944 they were united into the Nederlandse Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten (Netherlands Interior Forces).
Commander of the Netherlands
Interior Forces
5 Sep 1944 - 13 Sep 1945 Bernhard
Leopold
Frederik,
(b. 1911 - d. 2004) Mil
Prins der Nederlanden, Prins
van Lippe-Biesterfeld
French Residents 1795-1805
French Envoys
5 Sep 1795 - Dec 1797
François-Joseph
Noël
(b. 1755 - d. 1841)
Dec 1797 - Jun
1798 Charles
Delacroix
(b. 1741 - d. 1805)
Jun
1798
Claude
Roberjot
(b. 1752 - d. 1799)
Jun 1798 - Oct
1798 Louis
Champigny-Aubin (acting) (b.
1756 - d. 1847)
Oct 1798 - Jul
1799 Vincent
Lombard de
Langres
(b. 1765 - d. 1830)
Jul
1799
Joseph Fouché de
Nantes
(b. 1763 - d. 1820)
29 Jul 1799 - 2 Nov 1799 Guiot de
Saint-Florent
(b. 1735 - d.
1834)
Nov
1799
François-Louis
Deforgues
(b. 1759 - d. 1840)
Dec
1799
Henri-François
Perrochel
(b. 1751 - d. 1810)
30 Dec 1799 - 1 Feb 1805
Charles-Louis Huguet de Sémonville (b. 1759 - d. 1839)
¹Willem IV became stadholder as Willem II in Friesland 1 Sep 1711, in Groningen 13 Oct 1718; as Willem III in in Drenthe 19 Mar 1722, Gelderland 2 Nov 1722; as Willem IV in in Zeeland 28 Apr 1747, in Utrecht 3 May 1747, in Holland en Westfriesland 4 May 1747, and in Overijssel 10 May 1747.
²The full style of the rulers:
(a) 9 Jun 1806 - 7 Aug 1806: Door
de Gratie Gods en de Constitutionele Wetten van het
Koninkrijk, Koning van Holland ("by the
Grace of God and the Constitutional Laws of the
Kingdom, King of Holland");
(b) 7 Aug 1806 - 13 Jul 1810: Door de
Gratie Gods en de Constitutie des Koninkrijks, Koning
van Holland ("by the Grace of God and the
Constitution of the Kingdom, King of Holland");
(c) 2 Dec 1813 - 17 Mar 1814: Bij
de Gratie Gods, Prins van Oranje-Nassau, Souverein
Vorst der Verenigde Nederlanden, enz., enz., enz. ("by
the Grace of God, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Sovereign
Prince of the United Netherlands, etc., etc., etc.");
(d) 17 Mar 1814 - 9 Jun 1814: Bij de
Gratie Gods, Prins van Oranje-Nassau, Souverein
Vorst der Verenigde Nederlanden, Hertog van
Luxemburg, enz., enz., enz. ("by the
Grace of God, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Sovereign
Prince of the United Netherlands, Duke of Luxembourg,
etc., etc., etc.");
(e) 9 Jun 1814 - 16 Mar 1815: Bij de
Gratie Gods, Prins van Oranje-Nassau, Souverein Vorst
der Verenigde Nederlanden, Groothertog van Luxemburg,
enz., enz., enz. ("by the Grace of God,
Prince of Orange-Nassau, Sovereign Prince of the United
Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, etc., etc.,
etc.");
(f) 16 Mar 1815 - 19 Apr 1839: Bij de
Gratie Gods, Koning der Nederlanden, Prins van
Oranje-Nassau, Groothertog van Luxemburg, enz.,
enz., enz. ("by the Grace of God, King
of the The Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Grand
Duke of Luxembourg, etc, etc, etc.");
(g) 19 Apr 1839 - 23 Nov 1890: Bij de
Gratie Gods, Koning der Nederlanden, Prins van
Oranje-Nassau, Groothertog van Luxemburg, Hertog van
Limburg, enz., enz., enz. ("by the Grace
of God, King of the The Netherlands, Prince of
Orange-Nassau, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of
Limburg, etc, etc, etc.");
(h) 23 Nov 1890 - 4 Sep 1948: Bij
de Gratie Gods, Koningin der
Nederlanden, Prinses van
Oranje-Nassau, Hertogin van Limburg, enz., enz., enz.
("by the Grace of God, Queen of
The Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Duchess
of Limburg, etc., etc., etc.");
(i) 4 Sep 1948 - 30 Apr 2013: Bij de Gratie
Gods, Koningin der Nederlanden, Prinses
van Oranje-Nassau, enz., enz., enz. ("by
the Grace of God, Queen of The Netherlands, Princess of
Orange-Nassau, etc., etc., etc.");
(j) from 30 Apr 2013: Bij de Gratie
Gods, Koning der Nederlanden,
Prins van Oranje-Nassau, enz.,
enz., enz. ("by the Grace of God, King of
The Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, etc., etc.,
etc.").
Noble titles: baron
= baron; graaf/gravin =
count/countess; heer = owner
(of an estate); hertog/hertogin
= duke/duchess; jonkheer
= lord, esquire; koning/koningin
= king/queen; markies/markiezin
= margrave/margravine; prins/prinses
= prince/princess; ridder =
knight.
Party Abbreviations: CDA = Christen
Democratisch Appèl (Christian-Democratic Appeal,
christian-democratic, center-right, est.11 Oct
1980 by merger of KVP, ARP, & CHU);
PvdA = Partij van de Arbeid
(Labor Party, social-democratic, center-left, est.9 Feb
1946 by merger of SDAP, VDB, & Christelijk
Democratische Unie [CDU]); VVD
= Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie (People's
Party for Freedom and Democracy, conservative liberal,
center-right, est.24 Jan 1948); Mil
= Military;
- Former parties:
AB = Algemeene Bond van
Roomsch-Katholieke Kiesverenigingen (General
General League of Roman Catholic Caucuses, confessionalist
[catholic], 1904-26, merged into RKSP);
ARP = Anti-Revolutionaire
Partij (Anti-Revolutionary Party,
confessionalist [protestant], 1879-1980, merged
into CDA); CHU =
Christelijk-Historische Unie (Christian Historical
Union, 1908-80, merged into CDA); Con
= Conservatief (Conservative); Con-Lib
= Conservatief-Liberaal
(Conservative-Liberal); Dem
= Democratisch Unitariër
(Democratic Unitarian, 1798-1810); Fed =
Federalist (supported federal state, 1795-98);
KVP = Katholieke
Volkspartij (Catholic People's Party, confessionalist
[catholic], 1945-80, merged into
CDA); Lib = Liberaal
(Liberal); LU = Liberale Unie
(Liberal Union, liberal, 1885-1921); Mod
= Moderaat (Moderate, in between Org and
Pat/Uni, 1795-98); NSB =
Nationaal Socialistische Beweging (National Socialist
Movement, Dutch fascist party, pro-Nazi-German,
1931-45); NSDAP =
Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National
Socialist German Workers' Party, Nazi fascist,
xenophobic, 1920-1945); Org = Orangist
(royalist, pro-House of Orange); Pat
= Patriot (republican, pro-provincial
autonomy, trade-oriented policies, anti-Org.,
to 1796); PvdV = Partij van de
Vrijheid (Freedom Party, liberal, 1946-48, merged into
VVD); Rad = Radikaal
Unitariër (Radical Unitarian, 1798-1810);
RKSP = Rooms-Katholieke Staatspartij
(Roman Catholic States Party, confessionalist
[catholic], 1926-45, from 1945 KVP); SDAP
= Sociaal-Democratische Arbeiderspartij (Social
Democratic Worker's Party, socialist, 1894-1946, merged
into PvdA); Stat = Staatsen
(Stateist, republican, anti-Org., predecessor of Pat);
Uni = Unitariër
(Unitarian, supported pro-unitary state, 1798-1810);
VDB = Radicale Partij/Vrijzinnig
Democratische Bond (Radical Party/Free Democratic
League, liberal, 1901-46, merged into PvdA)
Limburg
![[Flag Limburg 19th century]](nl-li18x.gif)
Aug
1815
Netherlands province of Limburg established by the
merger
of several territories that had been part of France from
1795 to 1814 (Meuse-Inférieure département).
4
Oct
1830
Administration by Belgium
established (except in Maastricht).
19 Apr
1839
Final Act of the London Conference divides the province:
part becomes Belgian, the rest becomes the Duchy of
Limburg,
in personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
5
Sep
1839
Duchy of Limburg (Hertogdom Limburg)
accepted as a member state of
the
German Confederation (this polity is
not a successor polity
to the
pre-1792 Duchy of Limburg [Duché
de Limbourg/Hertogdom
Limburg]).
11 May
1867
Following the dissolution of the German Confederation,
Limburg is incorporated into the Kingdom of the
Netherlands;
Hertogdom Limburg continues
in some official use to 1906,
while the style Hertog van Limburg
remains incorporated
(tacitly, as part of enz., enz., enz.)
into the royal style
until 4 Sep 1948.
Dukes
19 Apr 1839 - 11 May 1867 the
kings of the Netherlands
Thorn
992
Benedictine Abbey of Thorn (Stift Thorn)
1292
Imperial immediacy.
18th cent.
Abbesses also Princesses of the Empire.
1 Oct 1795
- 15 Feb 1814 Annexed by France.
15 Feb 1814 - 16 Mar 1815 Allied
administration.
16 Mar
1815
Part of the Netherlands.
Princess-Abbesses (title Fürstäbtissin
zu Thorn)
(from 15 Oct 1726, also princess-abbesses of Essen;
resident in Essen)
15 Mar 1691 - 6 Oct
1706 Eleonora von Löwenstein-
(b. 1656 - d. 1706)
Rochefort
7 Dec 1706 - 12 Jan
1717 Anna Juliana Helena von
(b. 1665 - d. 1717)
Manderscheid-Blankenheim
30 Mar 1717 - 16 Jul 1776 Franziska
Christine Pfalzgräfin (b. 1696 - d.
1776)
von Sulzbach
16 Jul 1776 - 1 Oct 1795 Maria
Kunigunde Herzogin zu
(b. 1749 - d. 1826)
Sachsen
Meiers (Intendants) of Thorn
1687 - 1705
Joannes Meyers
1705 - 1721
Christianus
Hermans
1724 - 1749
J. Parren
1750 - 1759
D. Weiler
1761 - 1763
Jan Guillaume
Joseph de Stolzen
1763
D.H.
Fabrij
1763 - 1785
de Borman
1786 - 1795
Jacob Norbertus
van der Schoor (b. 1748 - d. 1847)
1795
Comans
Bergen-op-Zoom
![[Bergen-op-Zoom]](nl-berg.gif)
22 Jun
1287
Lordship of Bergen-op-Zoom separated from Breda, under
nominal overlordship of the Duchy of
Brabant.
1559
Margraviate of Bergen-op-Zoom (Markiezaat
van Bergen op Zoom).
1567 -
1577
Spanish administration.
1577
Partition of
the marquisate between Staats Bergen-op-Zoom
(occupied by the Dutch Republic) and the
territory of the
legitimate rulers.
1609 - 1621
Staats Bergen-op-Zoom restored to
legitimate rulers.
1648
Staats Bergen-op-Zoom
restored to legitimate rulers.
1672 - 1678
Occupied by Dutch
Republic.
1688 - 1697
Occupied by Dutch Republic.
9 Oct 1794
Occupied by France.
30 Jan 1795
Annexed by France.
1795
Part of
Provisional Arrondissement
of Bergen-op-Zoom, under French
occupation formed from Bergen-op-Zoom, Prinsenland, the
extreme south-west of Staats-Brabant and part of
Zeeland.
1 Oct
1795
Part of the French département
of Deux-Nèthes.
8 Mar 1800
Incorporated
into Batavian Republic (later Holland/Netherlands)
(confirmed in Peace of
Luneville 9 Feb 1801).
13 Jul 1810 - 8 Mar 1814 Annexed to
France.
Margraves/Margravines
(title Markies/Markiezin van Bergen-op-Zoom/
Markgraf/Markgrafin von Bergen-op-Zoom)
1633 - 1650
Albert II van den Bergh
(b. 1607 - d. 1656)
- in opposition to -
1635 - 29 Nov 1671
Maria Elisabeth II (f)
(b. 1631 - d. 1671)
- jointly with -
1635 - 11 Jul 1661
Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern-
(b. 1601 - d. 1661)
Hechingen
1672 - 17 Oct 1698
Henriette Francisca (f)
(b. 1642 - d. 1698)
- jointly with -
1672 - 17 Oct 1698
Frédéric Maurice, comte
d'Auvergne (b. 1642 - d. 1707)
17 Oct 1698 - 27 Jul 1710
François Egon, prince de la Tour (b. 1675 -
d. 1710)
d'Auvergne
27 Jul 1710 - 28 Jul 1728 Marie Anne
Henriette Leopoldine (f)(b. 1708 - d. 1728)
27 Jul 1710 - 1722
Marie Anne von Arenberg (f)-Regent
(b. 1689 - d. 1736)
- jointly with -
1722 - 28 Jul 1728
Johann Christian Joseph
Prinz (b. 1700 - d. 1733)
von der Pfalz-Sulzbach
28 Jul 1728 - 30 Jan 1795
Karl Philipp Theodor Pfalzgraf
(b. 1724 - d. 1799)
(Elector of Pfalz from 1742 and
Elector of Bavaria from 1777)
1728 - 1742
Maria Enrietta del Caretto di
(b. 1671 - d. 1744)
Savona e Grana (f) -Regent
Commissioners of
Provisional Arrondissement of Bergen-op-Zoom
30 Jan 1795 - 1 Oct 1795 ....
Governors (of the Margraves)
1696 - 1708
Jacques Louis, comte
de Noyelles (b. 16.. - d. 1708)
en Fallais
1704 - 1706
Abraham (or Niklaus?)
Tscharner
(acting)
1708 - 1710
van der Heijden
1710 - 1714
Conraad Willem van
Dedem (b. 1644 - d.
1714)
20 Feb 1714 - 4 Nov 1719
Willem baron van Wassenaer
(b. 1670 - d. 1719)
1719 - 3 Nov 1730
Frederik Sirtema baron van
(b. 1668 - d. 1730)
Grovestins
1730 - 1733
Johan Rabo baron van
Keppel (b. 1677 - d. 1733)
24 Jun 1733 - 1744
Reinhard baron van Reede-Ginckel
(b. 1678 - d. 1747)
Aug 1744 - Jun 1746
Philips Willem baron van der Duyn (b.
1687 - d. 1756)
1746 - 1748?
Wilhelm Ludwig Prinz
von Hessen- (b. 1680 - d. 1760)
Philippsthal
1748? - 1760
Andreas August graaf van
Praetorius
1760 - 1765
Karl Christian
von Nassau-Weilburg (b. 1733 - d. 1788)
1765 - 1773
Berend Lewe van Aduard
(b. 1710 - d.
1791)
1773 - 16 Aug 1784
Gideon Salomon Dentz
(d. 1784)
1784?
Wolter Godfried von Neukirchen (b.
1719 - d. 1805)
1784 - 1791?
Jan Adolf baron van
Hardenbroek (b. 1721 - d. 1791)
20 Apr 1791 - 9 Oct 1794
Wilhelm Landgraf von Hessen-
(b. 1726 - d. 1810)
Philippsthal
Breda
![[Breda (The Netherlands)]](nl-bre.gif)
c.1080
Lordship of Breda, First mentioned; imperial immediate
fief of
the
Empire.
1196/98 - 1327
Fief of the duchy of Brabant.
1287
Partitioned between itself,
the Lordship of Bergen-op-Zoom
and the Common Land of Steenbergen.
1327 - 1350
Duchy of Brabant administration.
1339 - 1577
Fief of the duchy of Brabant
(technically to 1795).
1350
Sold to Wassenaar.
1403
Barony of Breda (Baronie van Breda) to
Nassau-Dillenburg.
1544
To Orange-Nassau.
1567 - 1577
Sequestered by Spain.
1581 -
1590 Administered
by Spanish Netherlands.
1590 - 1625
Administered by Dutch Republic.
1625 -
1637
Administered by Spanish Netherlands.
1637 - 1794
Administered
by the Dutch Republic.
25 Feb 1793 - 18 Mar 1793 French
occupation.
20 Jan 1795
French occupation.
1795
Provisional Arrondissement
of Breda, under French occupation;
formed from Breda and middle-west of Staats-Brabant.
16 May 1795
Incorporated into Batavian
Republic (later Holland/Netherlands),
part of Noord-Brabant.
13 Jul 1810 - 10 Dec 1813 Annexed to
France.
Barons (title Baron van Breda/Freiherr von
Breda)
1637 - 14 Mar 1647
Frederick Hendrick, prins
van (b. 1584 - d. 1647)
Oranje, graaf van Nassau
(2nd time)
14 Mar 1647 - 6 Nov 1650 Wilhem, prins van
Oranje, graaf (b. 1626 - d. 1650)
van Nassau
6 Nov 1650 - 19 Mar 1702 Wilhem Hendrick,
prins van Oranje (b. 1650 - d. 1702)
en Nassau
1702 - 1732
the Council of
the Nassau domains
1732 - 22 Oct
1751
Willem IV Karel Hendrik Friso,
(b. 1711 - d. 1751)
prins van Oranje en Nassau
22 Oct 1751 - 16 Feb 1795 Willem V Batavus, prins
van (b. 1748 -
d. 1806)
Oranje en
Nassau
(in exile from 18 Jan 1795)
French Commander
23 Feb 1793 - 3 Apr
1793 Louis Charles de la Motte-Ango,
vicomte de Flers
(b. 1756 - d.
1794)
Commissioner
of Provisional Arrondissement of Breda
27 Jan 1795 - 1795
Sigouin
President of the
municipality of Breda
1795 - 16 Mar 1795
Steven Bernhard Jantzon
(b. 1766 - d. 1828)
Cuyk (Cuijk)
![[Cuijk County (The
Netherlands)]](nl-nb-cy.gif)
c.1057
County of Cuyk (formally the Barony of Grave and
the Land of Cuyk)(Baronie van Grave en het
Land van Cuijk).
1132 - 1371
Cadet line Cuijk-Arnsberg
founded when Godfrey I of Cuijk acquired
Arnsberg, from 1166 a fief of Cologne.
1352
Ceded Fredeburg to Marck.
1368
Cuijk-Arnsberg sold to
Cologne.
1400 - 1492
Cuyk sold to Guelders.
1517 - 1602
Spanish administration.
8 Jul
1584
Personal union with Breda.
1794 - 1795
French occupation.
1794
Provisional Arrondissement
of Grave, under French occupation;
formed from the extreme-east of Staats-Brabant
(area of Cuijk).
16 May 1795
Incorporated into Batavian Republic
(Netherlands).
Counts (title Graaf van Cuijk/Graf von Cuyk)
8 Jul 1584 - 1795
the barons
of Breda
Commissioner of Provisional
Arrondissement of Grave
1794 - Jun
1795 Jonkheer
Jacob van der Dussen (b. 1763 - d.
1820)
Ambtman (representing the
Barons of Breda)
1588 -
1609
Jonkheer Anthonis van Berchem,
heer van Berchem
1609 -
1652
Jonkheer Godevaert van Steenhuijs,
heer van Oploo
1652 -
1679
Ludolf van Steenhuijs, heer van
Oploo
1673 - Jun
1674
Adolph Engelbrecht, baron de
Kerkhem te Gratem
(appointed by the French)
1679 -
1722
Walraad, baron de Steenhuijs,
vrijheer tot Heumen
1722 -
1754
Adriaan baron van Lijnden,
(b. 1677 - d. 1754)
burggraaf van het Rijk van
Nijmegen
1754 -
1770
Sigismund Coenraad Roeleman, (b.
1729 - d. 1770)
graaf van Bylandt
1770 -
1780
H.C. Pasques de Chavonnes
1780 - 1791
Pasques de Chavonnes, baron van
Heekeren tot Weersen
1791 - 1795
Jonkheer Jacob van der
Dussen (s.a.)
Gemert
![[Gemert (Netherlands) city seal]](nl-gemert.gif)
c.1076
Lordship of Gemert under family named "De Gamerthe" ("De
Gemerde)".
12th
cent.
To local Lords of Gemert as fief of Brabant.
1220
Partitioned between itself (de Gemert family) and
the Teutonic
Order;
Gemert hereafter ruled as a condominium until
1366 with
two
separate administrations with joint
jurisdiction.
1331
Gemert half to
's-Hertogenbosch.
1366
Teutonic Order acquired the whole territory of Gemert
as Gemert
Free
Sovereign Domain and Commandery of the
Teutonic Order
(subordinated
to Teutonic Order Bailiwick of Alden
Biesen) as
fief of Brabant.
1478
Imperial immediacy.
1648 - 24 Jun
1662
Dutch occupation.
1794
French occupation
21 Oct 1794
Annexed to France.
8 Mar
1800
Incorporated into Batavian Republic (later Kingdom of
Holland)
(confirmed in Peace of Luneville 9 Feb 1801).
13 Jul 1810 - 1813
Annexed to France.
Lords (title Heer van Gemert/Herr von Gemert)
1366 -
1794
the Bailiffs (Landkomtur) of Alden Biesen
Commanders (Komtur)(subordinated
to Bailiffs of Alden Biesen)
(commanders from 1720 were titular and
did not reside in Gemert)
1558 - 25 May 1570
Wynand van Eynatten
(d.
1570)
(acting to 1660)
1570 - 1598
Godaart van Aer (Ahr)
(d. 1598)
1598 - 17 Sep 1630
Hendrik van Holtrop
(d. 1630)
1630 - 1635
Vacant
1635 - 1654
Caspar Ulric, baron van
Hoensbroek (d. 1654)
1656 - 18 Mar 1684
Ambrosius baron de Lerod Virmundt (d.
1684)
(administrator to 1661)
Dec 1684 - 1691
Hendrik, vrijheer van Wassenaer
(b. 1642 - d. 1709)
tot Warmond
6 Mar 1691 - 21 Mar 1712 Bertram
Wessel, baron van de Loë (b. 1644 -
d. 1712)
tot Wisse
1712 - 1716
Vacant
3 Jun 1716 - 2 Mar 1720
Bertram Anton, baron van
(b. 1674? - d. 1720)
Wachtendonk tot Germenseel
1720 - 1744
Vacant
1744 - 30 Nov 1763
Johan Jozef baron van der Noot
(b. 1707 - d. 1763)
1763 - 1770
Vacant
1770 - 1777
Nicolus Bernardus de Borggrave
(b. 1715 - d. 1777)
1778 - 1794
Clemens August baron
van
(b. 1719 - d. 1796)
Plettenberg
1793 - 1794
Jan Hubert
Robijns
(b. 1758 - d. 1833)
(acting for Plettenberg)
Rentmeester/Drossaard
1... - 1733
Godefroy Cox
1734 - 1760
Jan François van der Gheest
(b. 1699 - d. 17..)
1760 -
1785
Peter Adrian de la Court
(b. 1725 - d. 1792)
1785 - 1786
Theodorus Antonius Franciscus
(b. 1746 - d. 1786)
Borret
1786 - 1794
Maria Petronella Aerdts (f)
(b. 1746 - d. 1829)
1793 - 1794
Jan Hubert
Robijns
(s.a.)
(acting for Aerdts)
Megen
![[Megen County
(Netherlands)]](nl-Megen.gif)
721
First mentioned as
Meginum.
1145
County of Megen (Graafschap Megen/Grafschaft
Megen) first
mentioned; county included the
city of Megen and villages
of Haren, Macharen and Teefelen.
1190
Imperial immediacy.
1420
Purchased by Henric (Henrik)
Dicbier.
16 Feb 1470
Sold to Guy de
Brimeu (b. c.1433/34 - d. 1477).
1610
Passed to the Croÿ family.
1648 - 1671
Disputed
between Croÿ family and the Dutch Staten-Generaal.
6 Apr 1697
Purchased
by Elector Johann Wilhelm of the Palatinate.
6 Sep 1728
Purchased by Maximilian
Damian Freiherr von Schall zu Bell.
1794
Occupied by France.
21 Oct 1794
Annexed to France.
8 Mar 1800
Sold to the Batavian Republic (later Kingdom of
Holland)
(confirmed in Peace of Luneville 9
Feb 1801).
13 Jul 1810 - 20 Nov
1813 Annexed to France.
Counts (title
Graaf van Megen/Graf zu
Megen)
Oct 1674 – 8 Oct 1675
Alexander Graf zu Vehlen
(b. 1599 - d. 1675)
8 Oct 1675 – 7 Jul 1685
Ferdinand Gottfried Graf zu Vehlen (b. 1626 - d. 1685)
7 Jul 1685 – 6 Apr
1697 Alexander Otto Graf zu Vehlen
(b. 1657 - d. 1727)
6 Apr 1697 – 8 Jun 1716
Johann Wilhelm Pfalzgraf bei Rhein (b.
1658 - d. 1716)
8 Jun 1716 – 6
Sep 1728 Karl Philipp Pfalzgraf
bei Rhein (b. 1661 - d.
1742)
6 Sep 1728 – 4 Feb 1741
Maximilian Damian Freiherr von
(b. 1681 - d. 1741)
Schall zu Bell
4 Feb 1741 – 3 Dec 1783
Ferdinand Freiherr von
Schall (b. 1720 - d. 1783)
Bell
(from 7 Sep 1745, Graf von Schall zu Bell)
3 Dec 1783 – 21 Oct 1794 Karl Theodor Graf
von Schall zu (b. 1747 - d. 1832)
Bell
© Ben Cahoon