Greece

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Greece

[Ottoman flag 1783 - 1808, 1826-67]
        to 24 Jan 1822 (de facto to 1830)

[Flag of Greeks 1821]
      25 Mar 1821 - Jan 1822 (unofficial)

[Flag of Greek guerillas]
      25 Mar 1821 - Jan 1822 (unofficial)

1970-1978 flag
    Jan 1822 - 22 Dec 1978 (formally 27 Mar 1822)

[Alternative Flag of Greece]
   Co-National Flag: 1832 - 16 Mar 1924,
10 Oct 1935 - 6 Apr 1941, 13 Oct 1944 - 1970

                   Adopted 22 Dec 1978

Map of Greece
--------------
Administrative divisions map Hear National Anthem
"Ymnos eis tin Eleftherian"
(Ode to Freedom) Text of National Anthem
Adopted 1864 Constitution
(11 Jun 1975)

Capital: Athens
(Nuplion 1821-1836) Currency: Euro (EUR);
1833-1 Jan 2002 Drachma
(GRD) National Holiday: 25 Mar (1821)
Independence Day Population: 10,706,290 (2007)

GDP: $251.7 billion (2006) Exports: $24.4 billion (2006)
Imports: $59.1 billion (2006) Ethnic groups: Greek 90.4%, Macedonian 1.8%, Albanian 1.5%,
Turkish 1.4%, Pomak 0.9%, Roma (Gypsy) 0.5%, other 3.2% (2000)

Total Armed Forces: 177,600 (2003)
Merchant marine: 817 ships (2006) Religions: Christian 95.2% (Greek Orthodox 94%,
Roman Catholic 0.5%), Muslim 1.3%, other 3.5% (1995)

International Organizations/Treaties: AG, ANT, APM, BIS, BSEC, BTWC, CE, CTBT, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ENMOD, EU, FAO, G- 6, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, MIGA, MTCR, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NPT, NSG, NTBT, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SECI, SECP, UN,UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Greece Index Chronology
28 Mar 364                 Eastern Roman Empire
17 Jan 395                 Final division of the Roman Empire into Western
                             and Eastern (Byzantine) Empires.
Sep 476                    Byzantine Empire (Emperor in the West deposed by
                             barbarians).
9 May 1204                Latin Empire
15 Aug 1261                Byzantine Empire (restored)
1365                       Adrianople part of the Ottoman Empire.
Apr 1387                   Thessalonica part of the Ottoman Empire.
1397                       Thessaly part of the Ottoman Empire.
29 May 1453                Constantinople captured by Turks end of the
                             Byzantine Empire (Athens taken 4 Jun 1456).
1460 - 1470                Achaia, Morea, Mistra, Athens, and Euboea part of
                             the Ottoman Empire.
27 Sep 1669                Crete taken from Venice by the Ottoman Empire.
Jun/Aug 1685               Morea (Peloponnese) is occupied by Venice.
26 Jan 1699 - 1715         Morea is annexed by the Venetian Republic.
9 Mar 1770 - Jun 1770     Greek revolutionary governments in Laconia
                            (Mystras) and Crete under Russian protection.
25 Mar 1821                Beginning of Greek war of independence.
21 Mar 1821 - 24 Jan 1822 Parts of Greece controlled by various
                             revolutionary authorities.
13 Jan 1822                Independence proclaimed (Greece).
15 Apr 1827                Greek State
3 Feb 1830                International recognition of independence.
6 Feb 1833                Kingdom of Greece
1 Jun 1864                Ionian Islands incorporated into Greece.
2 Jul 1881                Thessaly incorporated into Greece.
15 Nov 1912                Macedonia (Salonika) and Epirus incorporated into
                             Greece.
30 May 1913                Crete incorporated into Greece.
13 Feb 1914                Most Aegean Islands (except Rhodes and Dodecanese)
                             incorporated into Greece.
12 May 1919 - 8 Sep 1922 Greece occupies Smyrna (see under Turkey) and
                             surrounding areas.
10 Aug 1920                Eastern Thrace except Constantinople incorporated
                             into Greece.
28 Sep 1922                Eastern Thrace restored to Turkey.
16 Mar 1924                Greek State
29 Sep 1925                Greek Republic
10 Oct 1935                Kingdom of Greece
6 Apr 1941 - 13 Oct 1944 Italian - German occupation (completed 30 Apr
                             1941)(Greek State).
8 Sep 1943                Germans occupy Italian areas.
19 Apr 1941 - 9 Sep 1944 Western Thrace, Samothrace and Thasaos islands
                             annexed by Bulgaria.
2 Sep 1944                Germans begin withdrawal from Aegean islands.
13 Oct 1944                Kingdom of Greece (restored).
3 Nov 1944                Last German troops are withdrawn from Greece.
7 Mar 1948                Rhodes and Dodecanese Islands incorporated into
                             Greece.
24 Dec 1947 - 28 Aug 1949 Communist Party of Greece (KKE) declares
                             Provisional Democratic Government in areas of
                             Northern Greece under its control.
1 Jun 1973                Greek Republic

Axis Occupation
(1941-1944)

Communist
"Mountain
Governments"
(1944-1948)

Thessaly, Salonika
and Maina
(1785-1912)

Athos

Crete
(1699-1913,1941-45)

Dodecanese
Islands
(1846-1948)

Epirus/Janina
(1670-1944)

Hydra
(1802-1832)

Ikaria
(1912)

Ionian Islands
(1699-1943)
Cephalonia
Corfu
Cerigo
Cerigotto
Santa Maura
Zante
Coastal Forts
Corone
Modon
Parga
Patras
Preveza
Vonitsa

Egina (Aegina)
(1687-1715)

Naxos and
Archipelago
(1770-1774)

Psara
(1816-1822)

Samos
(1821-1913)

Spetses
(1800-1832)

Western Thrace
(1913,1919-20)

Historical Maps
of Greece

Map of Axis Occupation 1941-44

Orthodox Church
of Greece

Ecumenical
Patriarchs
of Constantinople

Venetian Governors-general (provveditori generali)
of Morea (in Nuplion)
1685 - 1687 Francesco Morosini -Commander
1698 - 1701 Francesco Grimani
Mar 1701 - 1703 Giacomo da Mosto
1703 - 1705 Antonio Nani
Sep 1705 - Oct 1708 Angelo Emo
1708 - 1711 Marco Loredano
1711 - 1713 Antonio Loredano
1713 - 1715 Girolamo Dolfin
1715 Alessandro Bono
9 Mar 1770 - Jun 1770 Antonios Psaros
(Head of Local government of Mystras)
1770 - Jun 1770 Nikolaos Fortounis
- K. Tassikas
Presidents of the Executive
24 Jan 1822 - 10 May 1823 Alexandros Nikolaou Mavrokordatos (s.a.)
10 May 1823 - 31 Dec 1823 Petros Iliou Mavromichalis (b. 1765 - d. 1848)
"Petrompeis"
1823 - 26 Apr 1826 Georgios Andreou Koundouriotis (b. 1782 - d. 1858)
(in dissidence to 18 Jan 1824)
President of the Government Commission
26 Apr 1826 - 14 Apr 1827 Andreas Asimakou Zaimis (b. 1791 - d. 1840)
Governors
15 Apr 1827 - 24 Jan 1828 Acting Government Commission
- Georgios Petrou Mavromichalis (b. 1800 - d. 1831)
- Ioannis Nikolaou Nakos "Ioannoulis"
- Ioannis Marki Milaitis
24 Jan 1828 - 9 Oct 1831 Ioannis Antoniou Kapodistrias (b. 1776 - d. 1831)
(Giovanni Antonio, conte Capo d'Istria)
Apr 1830 - May 1830 John Mavromichalis
9 Oct 1831 - 8 Apr 1832 Avgoustinos Kapodistrias (b. 1778 - d. 1857)
(president of the Provisional Government
Commission to 20 Dec 1831)
1832 - 14 Apr 1832 Government Commission
(in dissidence to 10 Apr 1832)
- Ioannis Kolettis (b. 1774 - d. 1847)
- Theodoros Konstantinou (b. 1770 - d. 1843)
Kolokotoris
- Andreas Asimakou Zaimis (s.a.)
(did not accept office)
- Andreas Petrou Metaxas (b. 1790 - d. 1860)
- Dimitrios Boundouris
14 Apr 1832 - 6 Feb 1833 Government Commission
- Georgios Andreou Koundouriotis (s.a.)
(chairman from 22 Apr 1832)
- Dimitrios Knostantinou Ipsilandis(b. 1793 - d. 1832)
(to 5 Aug 1832)
- Ioannis Kolettis (s.a.)
- Spiridon Ioannou Trikoupis (b. 1788 - d. 1873)
- Andreas Asimakou Zaimis (s.a.)
(from 18 Aug 1832)
- Andreas Petrou Metaxas (s.a.)
(from 18 Aug 1832)
- Dimitrios Koliou Plapoutas (b. 1786 - d. 1864)
King¹
6 Feb 1833 - 22 Oct 1862 Othon I (Otto I) (b. 1815 - d. 1867)
18 Feb 1833 - 1 Jun 1835 Josef Ludwig Graf Armansperg (b. 1787 - d. 1853)
(chairman of Council of Regency)
Presidents of Provisional Government
22 Oct 1862 - 21 Feb 1863 Dimitrios Georgiou Voulgaris (b. 1802 - d. 1878)
21 Feb 1863 - 23 Feb 1863 Aristidis Moraitinis (b. 1806 - d. 1875)
(vice president of the National Assembly)
23 Feb 1863 - 8 Apr 1863 Zinovios I. Valvis (b. 1800 - d. 1886)
8 Apr 1863 - 11 May 1863 Diomidis Kiriakos (b. 1811 - d. 1869)
11 May 1863 - 1 Jul 1863 Benizelos Athanasiou Rouphos (b. 1795 - d. 1868)
1 Jul 1863 - 3 Jul 1863 Diomidis Kiriakos (s.a.)
(president of the National Assembly)
3 Jul 1863 - 30 Oct 1863 Benizelos Athanasiou Rouphos (s.a.)
Kings¹
6 Jun 1863 - 18 Mar 1913 Georgios I (George I) (b. 1845 - d. 1913)
18 Mar 1913 - 12 Jun 1917 Konstantinos I (Constantine I) (b. 1868 - d. 1923)
(1st time)
12 Jun 1917 - 25 Oct 1920 Alexandros (Alexander) (b. 1893 - d. 1920)
25 Oct 1920 - 28 Oct 1920 Eleftherios Kiriakou Venizelos (b. 1864 - d. 1936) KF
(president of the Council of ministers)
28 Oct 1920 - 18 Nov 1920 Pavlos Theodorou (b. 1854 - d. 1935) Mil
Koundouriotis -Regent (1st time)
18 Nov 1920 - 15 Dec 1920 Queen Olga (f) -Regent (b. 1851 - d. 1926)
(Olga Konstantinova Romanova)
(from 10 Dec 1920 pending the return ofKonstantinos I)
11 Dec 1920 - 27 Sep 1922 Konstantinos I (2nd time) (s.a.)
27 Sep 1922 - 16 Mar 1924 Georgios II (1st time) (b. 1890 - d. 1947)
(left Greece 19 Dec 1923)
19 Dec 1923 - 14 Apr 1924 Pavlos Theodorou (s.a.) Mil
Koundouriotis -Regent (2nd time)
(for absent Georgios to 16 Mar 1924)
Provisional Governor of the State
14 Apr 1924 - 29 Sep 1925 Pavlos Theodorou Koundouriotis (s.a.) Mil
Presidents
29 Sep 1925 - 19 Mar 1926 Pavlos Theodorou Koundouriotis (s.a.) Mil
(1st time)(provisional)
19 Mar 1926 - 22 Aug 1926 Theodoros Michail Pangalos (b. 1878 - d. 1952) Mil
(acting to 18 Apr 1926)
22 Aug 1926 - 10 Dec 1929 Pavlos Theodorou Koundouriotis (s.a.) Mil
(2nd time)(provisional to 5 Jun 1929)
10 Dec 1929 - 10 Oct 1935 Alexandros Thrasivoulou Zaimis (b. 1855 - d. 1936)
(acting to 14 Dec 1929)
Kings¹
10 Oct 1935 - 22 Nov 1935 Georgios Kondylis -Regent (b. 1879 - d. 1936)
(from 10 Nov 1935 pending the return of Georgios II)
10 Nov 1935 - 7 May 1941 Georgios II (2nd time) (s.a.)
(from 22 Apr 1941 - 27 Sep 1946 in exile²)
Heads of State (Presidents of the Greek Government)(under Axis occupation)
7 May 1941 - 13 Oct 1944 the heads of government
Kings¹
13 Oct 1944 - 1 Apr 1947 Georgios II (2nd time [restored]) (s.a.)
(to 27 Sep 1946 in exile³)
30 Dec 1944 - 27 Sep 1946 Archbishop Damaskinos -Regent (b. 1891 - d. 1949) Non-party
(Dimitrios Papandreou)
1 Apr 1947 - 6 Mar 1964 Pavlos I (Paul I) (b. 1901 - d. 1964)
20 Feb 1964 - 6 Mar 1964 Prince Konstantinos -Regent (b. 1940) Non-party
6 Mar 1964 - 1 Jun 1973 Konstantinos II (s.a.)
(left Greece 14 Dec 1967)
13 Dec 1967 - 21 Mar 1972 Georgios Zoitakis -Regent (b. 1910 - d. 1996) Mil
21 Mar 1972 - 1 Jun 1973 Georgios Christou (b. 1919 - d. 1999) Mil
Papadopoulos -Regent
Presidents
1 Jun 1973 - 25 Nov 1973 Georgios Christou Papadopoulos (s.a.) Non-party
(provisional to 19 Aug 1973)
25 Nov 1973 - 14 Dec 1974 Phaidon Dimitriou Ghizikis (b. 1917 - d. 1999) Mil
14 Dec 1974 - 18 Dec 1974 Konstantinos Georgiou Karamanlis (b. 1907 - d. 1998) ND
(1st time) (acting)
18 Dec 1974 - 20 Jun 1975 Michail Dimitriou Stasinopoulos (b. 1903 - d. 2002) Non-party
(president of the council of ministers)
20 Jun 1975 - 14 May 1980 Konstantinos Dimitrou Tsatsos (b. 1899 - d. 1987) ND
15 May 1980 - 10 Mar 1985 Konstantinos Georgiou Karamanlis (s.a.) ND
(2nd time)
10 Mar 1985 - 29 Mar 1985 Ioannis Nikolaou Alevras (acting) (b. 1912 - d. 1995) PASOK
30 Mar 1985 - 4 May 1990 Christos Antoniou Sartzetakis (b. 1929) Non-party
4 May 1990 - 10 Mar 1995 Konstantinos Georgiou Karamanlis (s.a.) ND
(3rd time)
10 Mar 1995 - 12 Mar 2005 Konstantinos "Kostis" Dimitriou (b. 1926) Non-party
Stephanopoulos
12 Mar 2005 - Karolos Gregoriou Papoulias (b. 1929) PASOK

General Secretaries
1 Feb 1828 - Feb 1829 Spiridon Ioannou Trikoupis (s.a.)
17 Feb 1829 - 9 Oct 1831 Nikolaos Spiliadis (b. 1785 - d. 1867)
9 Oct 1831 - 6 Feb 1833 Vacant
Presidents of the Ministerial Council
6 Feb 1833 - 24 Oct 1833 Spiridon Ioannou Trikoupis (s.a.)
24 Oct 1833 - 12 Jun 1834 Alexandros Nikolaou Mavrokordatos (s.a.)
12 Jun 1834 - 1 Jun 1835 Ioannis Kolettis (s.a.)
1 Jun 1835 - 14 Feb 1837 Josef Ludwig Graf Armansperg (s.a.)
(also Chief secretary)
14 Feb 1837 - 20 Dec 1837 Ignaz von Rundhart (b. 1790 - d. 1838)
20 Dec 1837 - 6 Jul 1841 Othon (1st time) (s.a.)
6 Jul 1841 - 22 Aug 1841 Alexandros Nikolaou Mavrokordatos (s.a.)
22 Aug 1841 - 15 Sep 1843 Othon (2nd time) (s.a.)
Prime ministers
15 Sep 1843 - 11 Mar 1844 Andreas Petrou Metaxas (s.a.)
11 Mar 1844 - 11 Apr 1844 Konstantinos Michail Kanaris (b. 1790 - d. 1877)
(1st time)
11 Apr 1844 - 18 Aug 1844 Alexandros Nikolaou Mavrokordatos (s.a.)
(1st time)
18 Aug 1844 - 17 Sep 1847 Ioannis Kolettis (s.a.)
17 Sep 1847 - 19 Mar 1848 Kitsos Photou Tzavelas (b. 1801 - d. 1855)
19 Mar 1848 - 27 Oct 1848 Georgios Andreou Koundouriotis (s.a.)
27 Oct 1848 - 24 Dec 1849 Konstantinos Michail Kanaris (s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Dec 1849 - 28 May 1854 Antonios Georgiou Kriezis (b. 1796 - d. 1865)
28 May 1854 - 11 Oct 1855 Alexandros Nikolaou Mavrokordatos (s.a.)
(2nd time)
11 Oct 1855 - 25 Nov 1857 Dimitrios Georgiou Voulgaris (s.a.)
(1st time)
25 Nov 1857 - 7 Jun 1862 Athanasios Andreou Miaoulis (b. 1815 - d. 1867)
7 Jun 1862 - 23 Oct 1862 Gennaios Theodorou Kolokotronis (b. 1803 - d. 1868)
23 Oct 1862 - 21 Feb 1863 Dimitrios Georgiou Voulgaris (s.a.)
(president of Provisional Government)
(2nd time)
21 Feb 1863 - 24 Feb 1863 Aristidis Moraitinis (1st time) (s.a.)
(acting)
24 Feb 1863 - 9 Apr 1863 Zinovios I. Valvis (1st time) (s.a.)
9 Apr 1863 - 10 May 1863 Diomidis Kiriakos (1st time) (s.a.)
(aka Diomidis Anastasiou Diomidis-Kiriakos)
10 May 1863 - 1 Jul 1863 Mpenizelos (Benizelos) Athanasiou (s.a.)
Rouphos (1st time)
1 Jul 1863 - 3 Jul 1863 Diomidis Kiriakos (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
3 Jul 1863 - 30 Oct 1863 Mpenizelos Athanasiou Rouphos (s.a.)
(2nd time)
6 Nov 1863 - 17 Mar 1864 Dimitrios Georgiou Voulgaris (s.a.)
(3rd time)
17 Mar 1864 - 28 Apr 1864 Konstantinos Michail Kanaris (s.a.)
(3rd time)
28 Apr 1864 - 7 Aug 1864 Zinovios I. Valvis (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Aug 1864 - 14 Mar 1865 Konstantinos Michail Kanaris (s.a.)
(4th time)
14 Mar 1865 - 1 Nov 1865 Alexandros Koumoundouros (1st time)(b. 1817 - d. 1883)
1 Nov 1865 - 15 Nov 1865 Epameinontas Mitrou Deligeorgis (b. 1829 - d. 1889)
(1st time)
15 Nov 1865 - 18 Nov 1865 Dimitrios Georgiou Voulgaris (s.a.)
(4th time)
18 Nov 1865 - 25 Nov 1865 Alexandros Koumoundouros (2nd time)(s.a.)
25 Nov 1865 - 11 Dec 1865 Epameinontas Mitrou Deligeorgis (s.a.)
(2nd time)
11 Dec 1865 - 21 Jun 1866 Mpenizelos Athanasiou Rouphos (s.a.)
(3rd time)
21 Jun 1866 - 30 Dec 1866 Dimitrios Georgiou Voulgaris (s.a.)
(5th time)
30 Dec 1866 - 1 Jan 1868 Alexandros Koumoundouros (3rd time)(s.a.)
1 Jan 1868 - 6 Feb 1868 Aristidis Moraitinis (2nd time) (s.a.)
6 Feb 1868 - 6 Feb 1869 Dimitrios Georgiou Voulgaris (s.a.)
(6th time)
6 Feb 1869 - 22 Jul 1870 Thrasivoulos Andreou Zaimis (b. 1829 - d. 1880)
(1st time)
22 Jul 1870 - 15 Dec 1870 Epameinontas Mitrou Deligeorgis (s.a.)
(3rd time)
15 Dec 1870 - 9 Nov 1871 Alexandros Koumoundouros (4th time)(s.a.)
9 Nov 1871 - 6 Jan 1872 Thrasivoulos Andreou Zaimis (s.a.)
(2nd time)
6 Jan 1872 - 20 Jul 1872 Dimitrios Georgiou Voulgaris (s.a.)
(7th time)
20 Jul 1872 - 21 Feb 1874 Epameinontas Mitrou Deligeorgis (s.a.)
(4th time)
21 Feb 1874 - 8 May 1875 Dimitrios Georgiou Voulgaris (s.a.)
(8th time)
8 May 1875 - 27 Oct 1875 Charilaos Spiridonou Trikoupis (b. 1832 - d. 1896) NK
(1st time)
27 Oct 1875 - 8 Dec 1876 Alexandros Koumoundouros (5th time)(s.a.) EKm
8 Dec 1876 - 13 Dec 1876 Epameinontas Mitrou Deligeorgis (s.a.)
(5th time)
13 Dec 1876 - 10 Mar 1877 Alexandros Koumoundouros (6th time)(s.a.) EKm
10 Mar 1877 - 1 Jun 1877 Epameinontas Mitrou Deligeorgis (s.a.)
(6th time)
1 Jun 1877 - 7 Jun 1877 Alexandros Koumoundouros (7th time)(s.a.) EKm
7 Jun 1877 - 14 Sep 1877 Konstantinos Michail Kanaris (s.a.)
(5th time)
Sep 1877 - 2 Nov 1878 Alexandros Koumoundouros (8th time)(s.a.) EKm
(acting to 24 Jan 1878)
2 Nov 1878 - 7 Nov 1878 Charilaos Spiridonou Trikoupis (s.a.) NK
(2nd time)
7 Nov 1878 - 22 Mar 1880 Alexandros Koumoundouros (9th time)(s.a.)
22 Mar 1880 - 25 Oct 1880 Charilaos Spiridonou Trikoupis (s.a.) NK
(3rd time)
25 Oct 1880 - 15 Mar 1882 Alexandros Koumoundouros (s.a.) EKm
(10th time)
15 Mar 1882 - 1 May 1885 Charilaos Spiridonou Trikoupis (s.a.) NK
(4th time)
1 May 1885 - 9 May 1886 Theodoros Pangaiou Deligiannis (b. 1826 - d. 1905) EKm
(1st time)
9 May 1886 - 21 May 1886 Dimitrios Valvis (b. 1814 - d. 1886)
21 May 1886 - 5 Nov 1890 Charilaos Spiridonou Trikoupis (s.a.) NK
(5th time)
5 Nov 1890 - 1 Mar 1892 Theodoros Pangaiou Deligiannis (s.a.) EKm
1 Mar 1892 - 22 Jun 1892 Konstantinos Konstantopoulos (b. 1832 - d. 1910)
22 Jun 1892 - 15 May 1893 Charilaos Spiridonou Trikoupis (s.a.) NK
(6th time)
15 May 1893 - 11 Nov 1893 Sotirios Sotiropoulos (b. 1823 - d. 1898)
11 Nov 1893 - 24 Jan 1895 Charilaos Spiridonou Trikoupis (s.a.) NK
(7th time)
24 Jan 1895 - 11 Jun 1895 Nikolaos Petrou Deligiannis (b. 1845 - d. 1910)
11 Jun 1895 - 30 Apr 1897 Theodoros Pangaiou Deligiannis (s.a.) EKm
(3rd time)
30 Apr 1897 - 3 Oct 1897 Dimitrios Rallis (1st time) (b. 1844 - d. 1921)
3 Oct 1897 - 14 Apr 1899 Alexandros Thrasivoulou Zaimis (s.a.)
(1st time)
14 Apr 1899 - 25 Nov 1901 Georgios Theotokis (1st time) (b. 1844 - d. 1916) NK
25 Nov 1901 - 6 Dec 1902 Alexandros Thrasivoulou Zaimis (s.a.)
(2nd time)
6 Dec 1902 - 27 Jun 1903 Theodoros Pangaiou Deligiannis (s.a.) EKm
(4th time)
27 Jun 1903 - 11 Jul 1903 Georgios Theotokis (2nd time) (s.a.) NK
11 Jul 1903 - 19 Dec 1903 Dimitrios Rallis (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1903 - 29 Dec 1904 Georgios Theotokis (3rd time) (s.a.) NK
29 Dec 1904 - 13 Jun 1905 Theodoros Pangaiou Deligiannis (s.a.) EKm
(5th time)
22 Jun 1905 - 21 Dec 1905 Dimitrios Rallis (3rd time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1905 - 29 Jul 1909 Georgios Theotokis (4th time) (s.a.) NK
29 Jul 1909 - 28 Aug 1909 Dimitrios Rallis (4th time) (s.a.)
28 Aug 1909 - 31 Jan 1910 Kiriakoulis Mavromichalis (b. 1850 - d. 1916) ML
31 Jan 1910 - 18 Oct 1910 Stephanos Nikolaou Dragoumis (b. 1842 - d. 1922)
18 Oct 1910 - 10 Mar 1915 Eleftherios Kiriakou Venizelos (s.a.) KF
(1st time)
10 Mar 1915 - 23 Aug 1915 Ditrios Gounaris (1st time) (b. 1867 - d. 1922)
23 Aug 1915 - 7 Oct 1915 Eleftherios Kiriakou Venizelos (s.a.) KF
(2nd time) (29 Sep 1916 - 27 Jun 1917
provisional in opposition to the king
on Crete, in Salonika from 9 Oct 1916;
[recognized by the Allies 19 Dec 1916])
7 Oct 1915 - 7 Nov 1915 Alexandros Thrasivoulou Zaimis (s.a.)
(3rd time)
7 Nov 1915 - 22 Jun 1916 Stephanos Skouloudis (b. 1836 - d. 1928)
22 Jun 1916 - 16 Sep 1916 Alexandros Thrasivoulou Zaimis (s.a.)
(4th time)
16 Sep 1916 - 10 Oct 1916 Nikolaos Spirisonou Kalogeropoulos (b. 1853 - d. 1927)
(1st time) (from 29 Sep 1916,
controlling southern Greece)
10 Oct 1916 - 5 Feb 1917 Spiridon Pavlou Lampros (b. 1851 - d. 1919)
(controlling southern Greece)
5 Feb 1917 - 27 Jun 1917 Alexandros Thrasivoulou Zaimis (s.a.)
(5th time)(controlling southern Greece)
27 Jun 1917 - 18 Nov 1920 Eleftherios Kiriakou Venizelos (s.a.) KF
(3rd time)
18 Nov 1920 - 6 Feb 1921 Dimitrios Rallis (5th time) (s.a.)
6 Feb 1921 - 8 Apr 1921 Nikolaos Spirisonou Kalogeropoulos (s.a.)
(2nd time)
8 Apr 1921 - 16 May 1922 Dimitrios Gounaris (2nd time) (s.a.) LK
16 May 1922 - 22 May 1922 Nikolaos Andreou Stratos (b. 1872 - d. 1922) LK
22 May 1922 - 10 Sep 1922 Petros Protopapadakis (b. 1860 - d. 1922) LK
10 Sep 1922 - 29 Sep 1922 Nikolaos Triantaphillakos (b. 1855 - d. 1939) LK
29 Sep 1922 - 30 Sep 1922 Anastasios Charalabis (b. 1862 - d. 1949)
30 Sep 1922 - 27 Nov 1922 Sotirios Krokidas (b. 1852 - d. 1924)
27 Nov 1922 - 24 Jan 1924 Stilianos Epaminondou Gonatas (b. 1876 - d. 1966) Mil
24 Jan 1924 - 19 Feb 1924 Eleftherios Kiriakou Venizelos (s.a.) KF
(4th time)
19 Feb 1924 - 12 Mar 1924 Georgios Konstantinou Kaphantaris (b. 1873 - d. 1946) KF
12 Mar 1924 - 24 Jul 1924 Alexandros Panagiotou Papanastasiou(b. 1876 - d. 1936) DE
(1st time)
24 Jul 1924 - 7 Oct 1924 Themistoklis Panagiotou Sophoulis (b. 1862 - d. 1949) KF
(1st time)
7 Oct 1924 - 26 Jun 1925 Andreas Michalakopoulos (b. 1876 - d. 1938) SD
26 Jun 1925 - 19 Jul 1926 Theodoros Michail Pangalos (s.a.) Mil
19 Jul 1926 - 23 Aug 1926 Athanasios Eftaxias (b. 1849 - d. 1931)
23 Aug 1926 - 4 Dec 1926 Georgios Kondilis (1st time) (s.a.) ERK
4 Dec 1926 - 4 Jul 1928 Alexandros Thrasivoulou Zaimis (s.a.)
(6th time)
4 Jul 1928 - 26 May 1932 Eleftherios Kiriakou Venizelos (s.a.) KF
(5th time)
26 May 1932 - 5 Jun 1932 Alexandros Panagiotou Papanastasiou(s.a.) DE
(2nd time)
5 Jun 1932 - 3 Nov 1932 Eleftherios Kiriakou Venizelos (s.a.) KF
(6th time)
3 Nov 1932 - 16 Jan 1933 Panagis Tsaldaris (1st time) (b. 1868 - d. 1936) LK
16 Jan 1933 - 6 Mar 1933 Eleftherios Kiriakou Venizelos (s.a.) KF
(7th time)
6 Mar 1933 - 10 Mar 1933 Alexandros Othonaios (b. 1880 - d. 1970) Mil
10 Mar 1933 - 10 Oct 1935 Panagis Tsaldaris (2nd time) (s.a.) LK
10 Oct 1935 - 30 Nov 1935 Georgios Kondilis (2nd time) (s.a.) LK
30 Nov 1935 - 12 Apr 1936 Konstantinos Demertzis (b. 1876 - d. 1936) KF
13 Apr 1936 - 29 Jan 1941 Ioannis Panagou Metaxas (b. 1871 - d. 1941) Mil
29 Jan 1941 - 18 Apr 1941 Alexandros Georgiou Korizis (b. 1885 - d. 1941) Non-party
21 Apr 1941 - 29 Apr 1941 Emmanouil Ioannou Tsouderos (b. 1882 - d. 1956) Non-party
(continuing in exile³ until 13 Apr 1944)
29 Apr 1941 - 2 Dec 1942 Georgios Konstantinou Tsolakoglou (b. 1886 - d. 1948) Mil
(under occupation)
2 Dec 1942 - 7 Apr 1943 Konstantinos Ioannou (b. 1878 - d. 1951) Non-party
Logothetopoulos (under occupation)
7 Apr 1943 - 12 Oct 1944 Ioannis Dimitriou Rallis (b. 1878 - d. 1946) Non-party
(under occupation)
13 Apr 1944 - 26 Apr 1944 Sophoklis Eleftheriou Venizelos (b. 1894 - d. 1964) KF
(1st time)(in exile in Cairo)
26 Apr 1944 - 3 Jan 1945 Georgios Andreou Papandreou (b. 1888 - d. 1968) EK
(1st time)(in exile Cairo to 18 Oct 1944)
3 Jan 1945 - 9 Apr 1945 Nikolaos Plastiras (1st time) (b. 1883 - d. 1953) Mil
9 Apr 1945 - 17 Oct 1945 Petros Voulgaris (b. 1884 - d. 1957) Mil
17 Oct 1945 - 1 Nov 1945 Archbishop Damaskinos (acting) (s.a.) Non-party
1 Nov 1945 - 22 Nov 1945 Panagiotis Kanellopoulos (1st time)(b. 1902 - d. 1986) EEK
22 Nov 1945 - 4 Apr 1946 Themistoklis Panagiotou Sophoulis (s.a.) KF
(2nd time)
4 Apr 1946 - 18 Apr 1946 Panagiotis Poulitsas (b. 1881 - d. 1968)
18 Apr 1946 - 25 Jan 1947 Konstantinos Stavrou Tsaldaris (b. 1884 - d. 1970) LK
(1st time)
25 Jan 1947 - 29 Aug 1947 Dimitrios Epaminondou Maximos (b. 1873 - d. 1955) Non-party
29 Aug 1947 - 7 Nov 1947 Konstantinos Stavrou Tsaldaris (s.a.) LK
(2nd time)
7 Nov 1947 - 24 Jun 1949 Themistoklis Panagiotou Sophoulis (s.a.) KF
(3rd time)
30 Jun 1949 - 6 Jan 1950 Alexandros Nikolaou Diomidis (b. 1875 - d. 1950) Non-party
6 Jan 1950 - 23 Mar 1950 Ioannis Georgiou Theotokis (b. 1880 - d. 1961) LK
23 Mar 1950 - 15 Apr 1950 Sophoklis Eleftheriou Venizelos (s.a.) KF
(2nd time)
15 Apr 1950 - 21 Aug 1950 Nikolaos Plastiras (2nd time) (s.a.) EPEK
21 Aug 1950 - 1 Nov 1951 Sophoklis Eleftheriou Venizelos (s.a.) KF
(3rd time)
1 Nov 1951 - 11 Oct 1952 Nikolaos Plastiras (3rd time) (s.a.) EPEK
11 Oct 1952 - 19 Nov 1952 Dimitrios Kiousopoulos (b. 1892 - d. 1977) Non-party
19 Nov 1952 - 4 Oct 1955 Alexandros Leonidou Papagos (b. 1883 - d. 1955) ES
4 Oct 1955 - 6 Oct 1955 Stephanos Christou Stephanopoulos (b. 1898 - d. 1982) LKK
(1st time) (acting)
6 Oct 1955 - 5 Mar 1958 Konstantinos Georgiou Karamanlis (s.a.) ES/ERE
(1st time)
5 Mar 1958 - 17 May 1958 Konstantinos Georgiou (b. 1890 - d. 1978) Non-party
Georgakopoulos (interim)
17 May 1958 - 20 Sep 1961 Konstantinos Georgiou Karamanlis (s.a.) ERE
(2nd time)
20 Sep 1961 - 4 Nov 1961 Konstantinos Dovas (interim) (b. 1898 - d. 1973) Mil
4 Nov 1961 - 17 Jun 1963 Konstantinos Georgiou Karamanlis (s.a.) ERE
(3rd time)
17 Jun 1963 - 29 Sep 1963 Panagiotis Pipinelis (b. 1899 - d. 1970) ERE
29 Sep 1963 - 8 Nov 1963 Stylianos Mavromichalis (b. 1902 - d. 1981) Non-party
8 Nov 1963 - 30 Dec 1963 Georgios Andreou Papandreou (s.a.) EK
(2nd time)
30 Dec 1963 - 18 Feb 1964 Ioannis Paraskevopoulos (1st time) (b. 1900 - d. 1984) Non-party
18 Feb 1964 - 15 Jul 1965 Georgios Andreou Papandreou (s.a.) EK
(3rd time)
15 Jul 1965 - 20 Aug 1965 Georgios Themistokleous (b. 1893 - d. 1987) EK
Athanasiadis-Novas
20 Aug 1965 - 17 Sep 1965 Ilias Ioannou Tsirimokos (b. 1907 - d. 1968) Non-party
17 Sep 1965 - 22 Dec 1966 Stephanos Christou Stephanopoulos (s.a.) FDK
(2nd time)
22 Dec 1966 - 3 Apr 1967 Ioannis Paraskevopoulos (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
3 Apr 1967 - 21 Apr 1967 Panagiotis Kanellopoulos (2nd time)(s.a.) ERE
21 Apr 1967 - 13 Dec 1967 Konstantinos V. Kollias (b. 1901 - d. 1998) Non-party
13 Dec 1967 - 8 Oct 1973 Georgios Papadopoulos (s.a.) Mil
8 Oct 1973 - 25 Nov 1973 Spiros Vasiliou Markezinis (b. 1909 - d. 2000) Non-party
25 Nov 1973 - 23 Jul 1974 Adamantios Androutsopoulos (b. 1919 - d. 2000) Non-party
23 Jul 1974 - 9 May 1980 Konstantinos Karamanlis (2nd time) (s.a.) ND
9 May 1980 - 21 Oct 1981 Georgios Ioannou Rallis (b. 1918 - d. 2006) ND
21 Oct 1981 - 2 Jul 1989 Andreas Georgiou Papandreou (b. 1919 - d. 1996) PASOK
(1st time)
2 Jul 1989 - 11 Oct 1989 Tzannis Petrou Tzannetakis (b. 1927) ND
11 Oct 1989 - 23 Nov 1989 Ioannis Grivas (interim) (b. 1923) Non-party
23 Nov 1989 - 11 Apr 1990 Xenophon Efthimiou Zolotas (b. 1904 - d. 2004) Non-party
11 Apr 1990 - 13 Oct 1993 Konstantinos Kiriakou Mitsotakis (b. 1918) ND
13 Oct 1993 - 22 Jan 1996 Andreas Georgiou Papandreou (s.a.) PASOK
(2nd time)
20 Nov 1995 - 22 Jan 1996 Apostolos "Akis" Tsohatzopoulos (b. 1939) PASOK
(acting for Papandreou)
22 Jan 1996 - 10 Mar 2004 Konstantinos "Kostas" Georgiou (b. 1936) PASOK
Simitis
10 Mar 2004 - Konstantinos "Kostas" Alexandrou (b. 1956) ND
Karamanlis

Axis Occupation

Italian Plenipotentiary1941 - Sep 1943 Pellegrino Ghigi (b. 1899 - d ....)
Italian military commanders Greece (Epirus, Thessaly, Peloponnese, Athens, Attica, Ionian Islands, Euboea, Skyros, Naxos, Cyclades, Samos, and eastern Crete [Lasithi prefecture])
25 Jun 1941 - May 1943 Carlo Geloso (b. 1879 - d. 1957)
May 1943 - 9 Sep 1943 Carlo Vecchiarelli (b. 1884 - d. 1948)

German Plenipotentiary 1 May 1941 - 3 Nov 1943 Günther Altenburg (b. 1894 - d. 1984)
German military commander
6 Apr 1941 - 5 Jul 1941 Wilhelm Sigmund List (b. 1880 - d. 1971)
German military commanders of Salonica and Aegean (Saloniki-Ägäis)
(from 8 Sep 1943, subordinated to commanders of Greece)
German military commanders of Southern Greece (Südgriechenland)
11 Sep 1942 - 8 Sep 1943 Wilhelm Speidel (b. 1895 - d. 1970)
Military commanders for Greece (Griechenland)(excluding the Bulgarian zone)
Bulgarian military commanders
22 Nov 1943 - May 1944 Trifon Jordanov Trifonov (b. 1895 - d. 1945)
May 1944 - 1944 Kiril Stanchev
1944 - Sep 1944 Asen Sirakov

¹The full style of the ruler: (a) 6 Feb 1833 - 23 Oct 1862(New Style): Eleo Theou Vasilevs tis Ellados ("by the grace of God, King of Greece");
(b) 30 Oct 1863 - 19 Mar 1924 (New Style) and 4 Nov 1935 - 1 Jun 1973: Vasilevs ton Ellinon ("King of the Hellenes").

²Greek sources are very obscure on the style and function of this body. In some - non-Greek - sources it is described as a Regency.

³First in Crete, then in Cairo and Johannesburg, from 22 Sep 1941 in London, and from Mar 1943 in Cairo.

Territorial Disputes: Greece and Turkey continue discussions to resolve their complex maritime, air, territorial, and boundary disputes in the Aegean Sea; Cyprus question with Turkey; Greece rejects the use of the name Macedonia or Republic of Macedonia.

Party abbreviations: KKE = Kommounistiko Komma Ellados (Communist Party of Greece, communist, banned Dec 1947-1974); ND = Nea Dimokratia (New Democracy, center-right, est.1974);
PASOK = Panellinio Sosialistiko Kinima (Pan-Hellenic Socialist Movement, socialist, est.1974); Mil = Military;
- Former parties (parties banned 4 Aug 1936 - 29 Jan 1941 and 23 Apr 1967-23 Jul 1974):
DE = Dimokratiki Enosis (Republican Union); DIKKI = Dimokratiko Koinoniko Kinima (Democratic Social Movement, socialist, 1995-2004); EEK = Ethnikon Enotikon Komma (National Unionist Party, republican); EK = Enosis Kentrou (Center Union, liberal); EKm = Ethnikon Komma (Nationalist Party, conservative, pan-Greek, 1875-19..); EPEK = Ethniki Proodeutiki Enosis Kentrou (National Progressive Center Union, royalist); ERE = Ethniki Rizospastiki Enosis (National Radical Union); ERK = Ethnikon Rizospastikon Komma (National Radical Party); ES = Ellinikos Sinagermos (Hellenic Union, conservative); FDK = Filelefthero Dimokratiko Kentro (Liberal Democratic Center); KF = Komma Fileleftheron (Liberal Party, est.1910); LK = Laikon Komma (People's Party, conservative); LKK = Laikon Koinonikon Komma (People's Social Party); ML = Military League; NK = Neoteristikon Komma ('old' liberal party, 1875-1910); PEEA = Politiki Epitropi Ethnikis Apeleftherosis (Political Committee of National Liberation, communist, Mar 1944-Sep 1944);PK = Proodeutikon Komma (Progressive Party); SD = Sintiritikoi Dimokratikoi (Conservative Democratic Party)

Communist "Mountain Governments"


KKE Flag

10 Mar 1944                Government established by Political Committee of
                             National Liberation (PEEA) in liberated areas of Greece.
2 Sep 1944                Absorbed into government of national unity headed by
                             Georgios Papandreou.
24 Dec 1947                Communist Party of Greece (KKE) declares Provisional Democratic
                             Government in the areas of Northern Greece under its control.
28 Aug 1949                Last remnants of the communist provisional government driven
                             out of Greece.

General Secretary of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE)
24 Dec 1947 - 28 Aug 1949 Nikolaos Zachariadis (b. 1903 - d. 1973)
(continuing in exile to Mar 1956)

Prime ministers⁴
10 Mar 1944 - 18 Apr 1944 Evripidis Bakirtzis                (b. 1895 - d. 1947) PEEA
18 Apr 1944 - 2 Sep 1944 Alexandros Svolos                  (b. 1892 - d. 1956) PEEA
Premiers
24 Dec 1947 - 7 Feb 1949 Markos Vaphiadis                   (b. 1906 - d. 1992) KKE
7 Feb 1949 - 3 Apr 1949 Nikolaos Zachariadis               (s.a.)               KKE
3 Apr 1949 - 28 Aug 1949 Dimitrios Partsalidis              (b. 1905 - d. 1980) KKE
                            (continuing in exile to Oct 1950)

⁴A government was established by PEEA in the free areas of Greece in 10 Mar 1944. It performed elections in Apr, managing to accumulate more than 1,000,000 voters in both free and occupied Greece. On 2 Sep 1944 it was absorbed into government of national unity.

Party abbreviations: KKE = Kommounistiko Komma Ellados (Communist Party of Greece, communist);
PEEA = Politiki Epitropi Ethnikis Apeleftherosis (Political Committee of National Liberation, communist, Mar 1944-Sep 1944)

Thessaly, Thessalonika and Maina

1847                       Ottoman Elayet of Selanik (Thessalonika) created out of
                             parts of the Elayet Rumeli.
1867                       Selanik made a Vilayet.
2 Jul 1881                Thessaly incorporated into Greece.
15 Nov 1912                Thessalonika incorporated into Greece.

Walis (governors) of Terhala (Trikala)(Thessaly)
1785 - 1820 &nbs