Provinces of France to 1791

   In 1789, there were three kinds of administrative divisions in the Kingdom of France.
The dioceses were ecclesiastic divisions, which dated back to the Roman times. Roman Catholicism was the official religion of France, which was known as La Fille Aînée de l'Eglise ("The Church's Elder Daughter"), following King Louis XIII's vow.
   The provinces were military gouvernements (governments), mostly established in the 14th century. By the law of 18 Mar 1776 their number was fixed at 39 of which 32 were grands grouvernements (greater governments) and 7 were lesser ones or petits grouvernements enclaved into the greater ones.  Smaller feudal divisions remained as subdivisions of the governments. They were called bailliages (bailiwicks) in the north of France, sénéchaussées in the south-west, and vigueries in Provence. These are not covered in this record.
   The généralités (generalities) and the intendances (intendancies) were financial divisions, mostly established in the XVI-XVIIth centuries. An intendance was the territory administrated by an intendant, who was the direct representative of the King. In 1555, the first maîtres de requêtes, later renamed intendants, were appointed. The intendants were the most powerful people of the kingdom after the King himself, and their position was often dynastic.
   The borders of the different divisions did not match each other. This lack of unity was caused by the heterogeneous historical formation of France. The kings progressively incorporated to their own domain (domaine royal) large feudal and princely states, whose institutions and privileges they promised to respect. Some provinces (Brittany, Provence, Béarn) recognized the King only as their Duke, Count, or Lord. Several of these states kept their political institutions (Etats [states]) and administrated taxes. As an example,
Provence, incorporated to France in 1481, kept its Etats in Aix-en-Provence and had a specific "Provencal Constitution". Provence was divided into vigueries, but its two main cities, Arles and Marseilles, had a specific status of terres adjacentes à régime spécial ("adjacent areas with specific regime").
   As explained by Alexis de Tocqueville in "L'Ancien Régime et la Révolution" (1856), "the administrative centralization was an institution of the Ancient Regime and not a realization
of the Revolution and the Empire, as often wrongly assumed." As direct representatives of the Kings, the intendants gained more and more power, whereas the military governor's function became purely honorific as early as in the 17th century. At that time, Richelieu, one of the great reformers of the French state, believed that powerful military governors were more a threat than a protection for the royal power, and ordered the demolition of most fortresses located quite far from the borders. In parallel, Richelieu consolidated the power of the intendants, which was a convenient means to collect taxes from reluctant local lords and thereby consolidate royal power.
   The tax status of the provinces was also complex, at least nominally: in the pays d'élections (most provinces), the taxes were administered in each circumscription, called élection, by local representatives, called élus; in the pays d'Etats (Bretagne, Bourgogne, Béarn, County of Foix, Languedoc, Provence and Dauphiné), the taxes were administered by a provincial assembly, or Etats (States). Some former feudal states, although no longer governments, kept their States, e.g. Gévaudan, Velay and Vivarais. Of course, the King did not enjoy those States, who often opposed to his decisions, and progressively suppressed them or diminished their power; in the pays d'imposition (Flandre, Artois, Lorraine, Alsace, Franche-Comté and Roussillon), which had been incorporated in the 17th to the 18th centuries, there were neither élections nor états, and the taxes were administered directly by the intendants.
   The governments were formally abolished 1 Jan 1791. (2 or 3) denotes a second or third order government, all the others are of the first order.

24 Oct 1648                Haute-Alsace (Upper-Alsace) annexed by France.
 5 Feb 1679                Basse-Alsace (Lower-Alsace) annexed by France.
30 Sep 1681                Strasbourg (Strassburg) annexed.

Governors
20 Apr 1649 - Dec 1659     Henri de Lorraine, comte        (b. 1601 - d. 1666)
                             d'Armagnac et d'Harcourt 
Dec 1659 -  9 Mar 1661     Cardinal Jules Mazarin,         (d. 1661)
                             duc de Nevers
 9 Mar 1661 -  9 Feb 1713  Armand Charles de La Porte,     (b. 1632 - d. 1713)
                             duc de La Meilleraye, duc
                             de Rethel
14 Feb 1713 - 10 Apr 1730  Nicolas Du Blé, marquis         (b. 1652 - d. 1730)
                             d'Huxelles 
11 Apr 1730 - 15 Jan 1739  Léonor Marie Du Maine,          (b. 1655 - d. 1739)
                             comte Du Bourg
26 Jan 1739 - 18 Dec 1759  François de Franquetot,         (b. 1670 - d. 1759)
                             duc de Coigny
19 XII 1759 -  7 Feb 1762  Jean Baptiste Demaretz,         (b. 1682 - d. 1762)
                             marquis de Maillebois
 1 Mar 1762 - 17 Sep 1788  Emmanuel Armand de Vignerot,    (b. 1720 - d. 1788) 
                             duc d'Aiguillon
16 Nov 1788 - 30 May 1789  Jacques Philippe de Choiseul,   (b. 1727 - d. 1789)
                             duc de Choiseul-Stainville 
30 May 1789 -  1 Jan 1791  Vacant

843                        Under the suzerainty of the King of France.
908                        County of Anjou
1214                       Part of the Royal domain (confiscated 1202). 
20 Aug 1560 - Oct 1567     Anjou part of the Government of Tourraine.
 8 Feb 1566 - 30 May 1574  Duchy of Anjou an apanage for Henri de France (future 
                             King Henri III).
May 1576 - 10 Jun 1584     Duchy of Anjou an apanage for François de France,
                             duc d'Alençon, brother of King Henri III.

Governors
Aug 1666 - 1718            Louis de Lorraine,              (b. 1641 - d. 1718)
                             comte d'Armagnac, comte de 
                             Brionne et de Charny
1718 - 1740                Louis de Lorraine, prince de    (b. 1692 - d. 1743)
                             Lambesc, comte de Brionne
                             et de Braine 
 8 Jul 1740 - 28 Jun 1761  Charles Louis de Lorraine,      (b. 1725 - d. 1761)
                             prince de Lambesc, comte 
                             de Brionne 
 1 Aug 1761 -  1 Jan 1791  Charles Eugène de Lorraine,     (b. 1751 - d. 1825)
                             duc d'Elbeuf, prince de 
                             Lambesc, comte de Brionne

843                        Under the suzerainty of the King of France.
932                        Part of Flanders.
1180 - 1226                French rule. 
1226                       Part of the Royal domain.
1237                       County of Artois
1382 - 16 Mar 1405         Part of Flanders.
1390 - 1688                County of Charolais a Burgundian (from 1482 Habsburg, from 1556
                             Spanish) possession.
16 Mar 1405 - 1482         Burgundian possession.
1482 - 1492                French rule. 
1492 - 1659                Burgundian (later Habsburg) possession.
1764                       Artois a separate government; detached from Picardy.

Governors
22 Sep 1764 - 26 Nov 1787  François Gaston, marquis        (b. 1720 - d. 1787)
                             (from 1784 duc) de Lévis
 1 Jan 1788 -  1 Jan 1791  Adrien Louis de Bonnières de    (b. 1735 - d. 1805)
                             Souastre, duc de Guines

843                        Under the suzerainty of the King of France.
1223                       County of Anuis part of the Royal Domain.
1626                       Government separated from Saintonge.

Governors
 8 Jan 1688 - 1710         Charles Auguste de Goüyon,      (b. 1647 - d. 1729)
                             comte de Matignon 
10 May 1710 - 27 Aug 1747  Louis Jean Baptiste de Goüyon,  (b. 1682 - d. 1747)
                             comte de Matignon 
19 Sep 1747 - 1761         Louis Charles César Le Tellier, (b. 1695 - d. 1771)
                             marquis de Courtanvaux, comte 
                             (later duc) d'Estrées 
25 Apr 1761 - 23 Jan 1771  Jean Charles, marquis de        (b. 1685 - d. 1771)
                             Sennetère 
c.Feb 1771 - Oct 1771      Jean Paul Timoléon de Cossé,    (b. 1698 - d. 1790)
                             duc de Brissac
21 Oct 1771 -  1 Jan 1791  Guy André Pierre de Montmorency,(b. 1723 - d. 1798) 
                             duc de Laval

843                        Under the suzerainty of the King of France.
21 May 1652 - 1556/63      Abolished (from 21 Jun 1547 part of Lyonnais).
1606                       County of Auvergne part of the Royal domain.

Governors
24 Apr 1662 - 1717         Godefroy Maurice de La Tour,    (b. 1641 - d. 1721)
                             duc d'Albret, duc de Château-
                             Thierry, duc de Bouillon 
 7 Aug 1717 - 17 May 1730  Emmanuel-Théodose de La Tour,   (b. 1668 - d. 1730)
                             duc d'Albret, duc de Château-
                             Thierry, duc de Bouillon 
17 May 1730 - 24 Oct 1771  Charles Godefroy de La Tour,    (b. 1706 - d. 1771)
                             duc d'Albret, duc de Chäteau-
                             Thierry, duc de Bouillon 
11 Nov 1771 -  1 Jan 1791  Godefroy Charles de La Tour,    (b. 1728 - d. 1792)
                             duc d'Albret, duc de Château-
                             Thierry, duc de Bouillon

Flag of Bearn

Flag of Navarre

c.824                      Kingdom of Navarra (Navarre)
843                        Béarn under the suzerainty of the King of France.
1302 - 1391                Béarn in union with Foix.
1472                       Béarn in union with Navarre.
1451                       Northern Basque province of Lapurdi (French: Labourde) united 
                             under French rule.
1510                       Northern Basque province of Zuberoa (Fr.: Soule) under French rule
25 Jul 1512                Lower Navarre (Kingdom of Navarra south of the Pyrenees)
                             fully part of the Spanish monarchy, but retains privileges 
                            (fueros).
1537 - 1610                Duchy of Vendôme, northwest of Blois, a possession of the
                             Kings of Navarre.
1581                       Northern Basque province of Benapara (Fr.: Basse-Navarre) 
                             under French rule.
Aug 1589                   Northern or Lower Navarre (Basse-Navarre) inherited
                             by the Kings of France.
Jun 1607                   Béarn part of the French Royal domain.
20 Oct 1620                Viscounty of Béarn and the Kingdom of Navarre 
                             in union with France.

Governors
 2 Jul 1678 - 25 Oct 1720  Antoine IV Charles,             (b. 1641 - d. 1720)
                             duc de Gramont
1720 - 16 Sep 1725         Antoine V, duc de Gramont       (b. 1671 - d. 1725)
1725 - 16 May 1741         Louis Antoine Amand, duc de     (b. 1688 - d. 1741)
                             Gramont dit "Duc de Louvigny"
22 May 1741 - 11 May 1745  Louis Antoine, duc de Gramont   (b. 1689 - d. 1745)
15 May 1745 -  1 Jan 1791  Antoine Antonin, duc de Gramont (b. 1722 - d. 1801) 

c.750                      Counties of Berry et Bourges
843                        Berry part of the Royal domain.
c.878 - 92.                Part of Auuvergne.
972                        County of Berry et Vicomtes de Bourges
1101                       Vicomté of Bourges annexed by France.
1360                       Duchy of Berry
1221                       Seigneuries of Châteauroux and d'Issoudun annexed. 
May 1576 - 10 Jun 1584     Berry an apanage for François de France, 
                             duc d'Alençon, brother of King Henri III.

Governors
14 Mar 1698 - 1715         Adrien-Maurice, duc de Noailles (b. 1678 - d. 1766)
12 Aug 1715 - 21 Aug 1736  Louis, marquis d'Arpajon        (d. 1736)
1737 - 1751                Louis Jean Claude de Talleyrand,(d. 1757) 
                             prince de Chalais
 1 Jan 1752 - 1760         Gabriel Marie de Talleyrand-    (b. 1726 - d. 1795)
                             Périgord, comte de Périgord 
19 Jun 1760 -  1 Jan 1791  Louis François Joseph de        (b. 1734 - d. 1814)
                             Bourbon, comte de La Marche
                             (from 1776, prince de Conti)

20 Jul 1752                Government of the Boulonnais detached 
                             from Picardy (or Flanders?).

Governors
20 Jul 1752 - 15 Apr 1782  Louis-Marie-Augustin,           (b. 1709 -d . 1782)
                             duc d'Aumont
15 Apr 1782 -  1 Jan 1791  Louis Alexandre Céleste         (b. 1736 - d. 1814)
                             d'Aumont, duc de Villequier

843                        Under the suzerainty of the King of France.
c.1028                     County of Bourbonnais
1327                       Duchy of Bourbonnais
1400                       Duchy of Bourbonnais apanage of the Royal domain.
1527                       Confiscated by the Royal domain.
c.1562                     Government of Bourbonnais, detached from Lyonnais.

Governors
20 Oct 1676 - 22 Jul 1739  Charles François De La Beaume   (b. 1670 - d. 1739)
                             Le Blancduc de La Vallière 
1739 - Apr 1754            Louis César de La Beaume Le     (b. 1708 - d. 1780) 
                             Blanc, duc de La Valière 
15 Jul 1754 -  1 Jan 1791  Jean Henri de Moret Giroléèe,   (b. 1736 - d. 1812)
                             marquis de Montarnel, et de Pagas,
                             comte de Peyre, etc.

436                        Teutonic Kingdom of the Burgunds
534                        Merovingian (Frankish) Kingdom of Burgundy.
19 Jan 639                 Part of Frankish kingdom.
879                        Kingdom of Burgundy
882 - 884                  Part of Frankish kingdom.
884 - 890                  Part of Germany.
888                        Kingdom of Arles (Upper Burgundy).
915                        (Free) County of Burgundy (see Franch-Comte).
c.1025                     Duchy of Burgundy.
1032                       Upper Burgundy part of Holy Roman Empire.
1361                       Duchy of Burgundy an apanage of the French Royal domain.
27 Mar 1482                Duchy of Burgundy part of the Royal domain.

Governors
1686 -  1 Apr 1709         Henri-Jules de Bourbon,         (b. 1643 - d. 1709)
                             prince de Condé, duc de Bourbon 
1709 -  4 Mar 1710         Louis III de Bourbon,           (b. 1668 - d. 1710)
                             prince de Condé, duc de Bourbon 
 4 Mar 1710 - 27 Jan 1740  Louis Henri de Bourbon,         (b. 1692 - d. 1740)
                             prince de Condé, duc de Bourbon 
28 Jan 1740 - 1754         Paul Hyppolyte de Beauvilliers, (d. 1776)
                             duc de Saint-Aignan 
19 May 1754 -  1 Jan 1791  Louis-Joseph de Bourbon,        (b. 1736 - d. 1818)
                             prince de Condé, duc de Bourbon 

Jun 1400                   Sovereign Principality of Dombes (or Dombe)
                             founded under Bourbon dynasty.
Jan 1532                   Confiscated by the French Crown.
27 Sep 1560                Granted to the Bourbon-Montpensier family.
24 Oct 1681                Given to the duke of Maine, a legitimized natural 
                             child of King Louis XIV.
28 May 1762                Ceded to the French crown, part of Burgundy.

Princes
1681 - 1705                Louis Auguste de Bourbon,          (d. 1705)
                             duc du Maine 
1705 - 1755                .... comte d'Eu 
1755 - 28 May 1762         Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon,       (b. 1725 - d. 1793)
                             duc de Penthièvre, comte d'Eu 

Chancellors
bf.1721 - af.1721          de Torpanne
bf.1732 - af.1732          de Malezieu
bf.1752 - af.1752          du Tours
French Governors 
1691 - 1732                François Joseph de Damas d'Antigny 
1732 - 1736                Joseph François de Damas d'Antigny 
1736 - 1740                Jacques François de Damas d'Antigny 
1740 - 1762                Joseph François de Damas d'Antigny  (d. 1782)

383                        Armorica under Rei Bret's (kings of the Brentons).
753 - 840                  Breton March of the Frankish Kingdom.
840 - 874                  Kingdom of Brittany
843                        Under the suzerainty of the Kings of France.
890                        Duchy of Brittany
1169 - 21 Oct 1221         Under Plantagenet dynasty.
1206 - 1212                French rule.
26 Sep 1345 - 20 Jul 1524  Under the Blois dynasty.
20 Jul 1524                Duchy of Brittany in personal union with the Royal domain.

Governors
19 Mar 1695 -  2 Dec 1736  Louis Alexandre de Bourbon,     (b. 1678 - d. 1737)
                             comte de Toulouse
Dec 1736 -  1 Mar 1744     Louis de Bourbon, duc d'Orléans (b. 1703 - d. 1752)
 1 Mar 1744 -  1 Jan 1791  Louis Hean Marie de Bourbon,    (b. 1725 - d. 1793)
                             duc de Penthièvre, duc de 
                             Chateauvillain, duc de Rambouillet

                 Flag of Champagne

581 - 709                  Frankish Duchy of Champagne.
814                        County of Champagne.
843                        Under the suzerainty of the Kings of France.
1019 - 15 Mar 1335         Under Blois dynasty.
15 Mar 1335                Part of the Royal domain.
1415 - 14..                Burgundian occupation.
1423 - 1427                English occupation.

English Governors
1423 - 1426                Thomas de Montagu, comte de 
                             Salisbury et de Perche
1423 - ....                William, Earl of Suffolk 
                             (exact position not known)
Governors
 9 Nov 1691 - 24 Aug 1712  François de Rohan,              (b. 1631 - d. 1712)
                             prince de Soubise
1712 - 1741                Hercule Mériadec,               (b. 1699 - d. 1747)
                             duc de Rohan-Rohan 
 1 Jul 1741 - 1751         Charles, duc de Rohan-Rohan     (b. 1715 - d. 1757)
19 Sep 1751 - 1769         Louis de Bourbon, comte de      (b. 1709 - d. 1771)
                             Clermont, duc de Châteauroux 
11 Feb 1769 -  1 Jan 1791  Louis-Henri-Joseph de Bourbon,  (b. 1756 - d. 1830)
                             duc de Bourbon, prince de Condé 

855                        Duchy of Viennois
870                        County of Viennois
1140                       County of Dauphiné
1349                       Dauphiné under French suzerainty (from 1447 Montélimar and
                             from 1450 Vienne).
1460                       Dauphiné part of the Royal domain.

Governors
12 Oct 1691 - 1719         Louis d'Aubusson, duc de        (b. 1673 - d. 1725)
                             Roannais 
 6 Sep 1719 -  4 Feb 1752  Louis de Bourbon, duc d'Orléans (b. 1703 - d. 1752)
Feb 1752 - 18 Nov 1785     Louis Philippe de Bourbon,      (b. 1725 - d. 1785)
                             duc d'Orléans
21 Nov 1785 -  1 Jan 1791  Louis-Philippe Joseph de        (b. 1747 - d. 1793)
                             Bourbon, duc d'Orléans dit 
                             Philippe Egalité

843                        Flanders under the suzerainty of the King of France.
862                        County of Flanders
1668                       Hainaut in southeast and Cambrésis annexed.
1668                       Part of the Royal domain.

Governors
31 Aug 1694 - 1711         Louis François, duc de          (b. 1644 - d. 1711)
                             Boufflers 
 2 Apr 1711 -  2 Jul 1747  Joseph Marie, duce de Boufflers (b. 1706 - d. 1747)
13 Jul 1747 - 13 Sep 1751  Charles Joseph Marie, duc       (d. 1751) 
                             de Boufflers
26 Sep 1751 -  2 Jul 1787  Charles, duc de Rohan-Rohan     (b. 1715 - d. 1787)
 4 Sep 1787 -  1 Jul 1791  Charles Eugène Gabriel de La    (b. 1727 - d. 1801)
                             Croix, marquis de Castries

12 Oct 1646                Conquered and made part of goverment of Picardie
                             with its own gouverneur-particulier.
1652 - 1662                Spanish occupation.
1687                       Dunkerque made a separate government.
12 Nov 1728                Government abolished, territory part of the
                             government of Flanders.
 

Governors(-general?)
 1 Oct 1692 - ....         Jacques Léonor Rouxel,          (b. 1655 - d. 1725)
                             comte de Médavy 
1714 - 17..                François Rouxel, marquis de     (b. 1666 - d. 1729)
                             Grancey 

                     Flag of Foix

843                        Under the suzerainty of the King of France.
1035                       County of Foix
1396 - 1396                Foix occupied by Aragón.
1483                       Foix union with Navarre.
Jul 1607                   Part of the French Royal domain.

Governors
(also in charge of relations with Andorra)
1687 - 16..                Gaston Jean Baptiste de Lévis,  (d. 1699)
                             marquis de Mirepoix 
1699 - 25 Apr 1701         Vacant
25 Apr 1701 - 1702         Camille de La Beaumr d'Hostun,  (b. 1652 - d. 1728)
                             duc d'Hostun
1704 - 10 Jul 1737         Henri-Joseph de Ségur           (b. af.1655 - d. 1737)
1737 - 18 Jun 1751         Henri-François, comte de Ségur  (b. 1689 - d. 1751)
1751 -  1 Jan 1791         Philippe-Henri, comte de Ségur  (b. 1724 - d. 1801) 

915                        (Free) County of Burgundy, within Holy Roman Empire
                             based at Besancon. 
16 Mar 1405 - 16 Jan 1556  Burgundian possession.
16 Jan 1556                Possession of the Spanish Habsburg monarchy.
10 Aug 1678                Part of French Royal domain.

Governors
16 Jun 1674 - 12 Oct 1704  Jacques Henri de Durfort,       (b. 1625 - d. 1704)
                             duc de Duras 
14 Oct 1704 - 30 Mar 1728  Camille de La Beaume d'Hostun,  (b. 1652 - d. 1728)
                             duc d'Hostun 
30 Mar 1728 -  6 Sep 1755  Marie Joseph de La Beaume       (b. 1684 - d. 1755)
                             d'Hostun, duc d'Hostun
11 Sep 1755 -  8 Jul 1770  Jean Baptiste de Durfort,       (b. 1684 - d. 1770)
                             duc de Duras 
 8 Jul 1770 -  8 Sep 1789  Emmanuel Félicité de Durfort,   (b. 1715 - d. 1789)
                             duc de Duras 
 8 Sep 1789 -  1 Jan 1791  Vacant

5..                        Frankish Duchy of Aquitaine
732 - 732                  Brief Arab occupation.
768                        Duchy of Gascony
781                        Kingdom of Aquitaine
843                        Under the suzerainty of the Kings of France.
845                        Duchy of Aquitaine
1039 - 1052                Gascony under Navarre.
1052 - 1137                Gascony under Aquitaine.
1152 - 1449                Gascony under English rule.
 6 Apr 1199 - 1294         Aquitaine under English rule.
1213                       Duchy of Guyenne (or Aquitaine) part of French Royal domain.
1259 - 1294                Most of Guyenne under English rule.
1271                       Quercy and Périgord méridional part of French Royal domain.
1303 - 1324                Aquitaine under English rule. 
1360 - 12 Oct 1453         Aquitaine under English rule. 
1306                       Soule part of French Royal domain. 
1322                       Bigorre part of French Royal domain.
1325                       Agenais and Bazadais part of French Royal domain.
12 Oct 1453                Bordeaux, Chalosse and Labourd part of French Royal domain.
1607                       Périgord part of French Royal domain.

English Governors of Guyenne
1259 - 1294                ....
1303 - 1324                ....
1324 - 13..                Edmund, Earl of Kent
 1 Apr 1338 - 1338         Olivier de Ingham
1338 - 13..                Bernard Ezy II d'Albret 
                             (1st time)
 3 Jan 1340 - 134.         Hugues de Gebenis
134.                       Bernard Ezy II d'Albret 
                             (2nd time)
1341 - 134.                Antoine d'Usemer
10 Mar 1345 - 134.         Henry of Lancaster 
                            (Lieutenant and Captain-general)
 6 Mar 1352 - 135.         Rodolphe de Straffort
1357 - 13..                d'Albret
13.. - 13..                de Lesparre
13.. - 13..                de Pommieres
13.. - 13..                de Rosenh
13.. - 13..                Jehan Chandos, comte de 
                             Saint-Sauveur
30 Apr 1372 - 137.         Earl of Pembrock
16 Apr 1378 - 13..         John de Nevill
25 Mar 1388 - 13..         John, Duke of Lancaster
 9 Jun 1394 - 139.         Henry Percy
 1 Sep 1398 - ....         John de Beaufort, 
                             Marques of Dorset
28 Aug 1401 - 14..         Edward, Earl of Rutland and Cork
11 Jun 1412 - 14..         Thomas, Duke of Clarence
1438 - 14..                John of Huntingdon
1452 - 145.                John Talbot, Earl of Salop
Governors
27 Mar 1698 -  5 Nov 1712  Charles-Honoré d'Albert,        (b. 1646 - d. 1712)
                             duc de Laynes, duc de Chevreuse 
28 Dec 1712 - Oct 1755     Louis Charles de Bourbon,       (b. 1701- d. 1775)
                             duc d'Aumale, comte d'Eu 
 4 Dec 1755 -  8 Aug 1788  Louis-François Armand de        (b. 1696 - d. 1788)
                             Vignerot, duc de Richelieu, 
                             duc de Fronsac 
 8 Aug 1788 -  1 Jan 1791  Vacant 

843                        Duchy of Île de France part of Royal domain.
1016                       Counties of Paris and of Melun annexed. 
1029                       County of Dreux annexed. 
1055                       County of Sens annexed. 
1068                       County of Gâtinais annexed.
1074                       County of Vexin annexed. 
1112                       County of Corbeil annexed. 
1118                       County of Montlhéry annexed. 
1213                       County of Valois annexed. 
1218                       County of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis annexed. 
1223                       Counties of Beaumont-sur-Oise and of Montfort-l'Amaury annexed. 
15th cent.                 Coucy, Roucy, Soissons, Laon and Noyon annexed.
27 May 1418 - 141.         Burgundian occupation.
Dec 1420 - c.1429          English occupation.
11 Dec 1528 - 12 Mar 1533  Divided into two governments: Île-de-France and Paris.
24 Jan 1596                Re-divided into two governments.

English Governors
Dec 1420 - 142.            Thomas of Lancaster,            (d. 1421)
                             Duke of Clarence
 8 Jul 1421 - 142.         Jean de La Baume-Montrevel, 
                             seigneur de Valtin,
                            (from 14 Mar 1421, Prévot de Paris)
1423 - 142.                John, Duke of Bedford
Jun/Jul 1429 - 14..        Jean de Villiers, seigneur      (b. 1384 - d. 1437)
                             de l'Isle-Adam
Governors
12 Sep 1698 - 1719         Louis-Armand, duc d'Estrées     (b. 1682 - d. 1723)
22 Apr 1719 - 1741         Henri-Louis de La Tour,         (b. 1679 - d. 1751)
                             comte d'Evreux 
17 Mar 1741 - 23 May 1741  Charles-René-Armand de La       (b. 1708 - d. 1741)
                             Trémouille, duc de Thouars 
29 Dec 1741 - 19 Sep 1757  François-Joachim-Bernard Potier,(d. 1757)
                             duc de Gesvres 
22 Sep 1757 - 28 Dec 1774  Léon-Louis Potier, duc de       (b. 1695 - d. 1774)
                             Gesvres
28 Dec 1774 -  1 Jan 1791  Louis-Joachim-Paris Potier,     (b. 1713 - d. 1794)
                             duc de Gesvres 

843                        Under the suzerainty of the King of France.
1180                       Vivarais part of the Royal domain.
1229                       Bas-Languedoc (Lower-Langedoc) part of the Royal domain.
1229                       Government of Languedoc
1271                       Haut-Languedoc (Upper-Langedoc) part of the Royal domain.

Governors
29 May 1682 - 14 May 1736  Louis-Aiguste de Bourbon,       (b. 1670 - d. 1736)
                             duc de Maine, duc d'Aumale, 
                             comte d'Eu
14 May 1736 - 14 Oct 1755  Louis-Auguste de Bourbon,       (b. 1700 - d. 1755)
                             prince de Dombes, duc d'Aumale,
                             comte d'Eu
23 Oct 1755 - 13 Jul 1775  Louis-Charles de Bourbon,       (b. 1701 - d. 1775)
                             duc d'Aumale, comte d'Eu
27 Jul 1775 - 1785         Louis-Antoine de Gontaut,       (b. 1701 - d. 1788)
                             duc de Biron 
1785 - 1789                Gabriel Marie de Talleyrand-    (b. 1726 - d. 1795)
                             Périgord, comte de Périgord 
1789 -  1 Jan 1791         Vacant

c.1517                     Le Havre under a gouverneur-particulier; part of Normandy.
20 Sep 1562 - 28 Jul 1563  Ceded to England.
1675                       Le Havre becomes a separate Government.
 

English Governors
c.1562                     John Dudley, Earl of Warwick
156. - May 1563            Jean de La Fin, seigneur de     (d. 1599)
                             Beauvoir, Le Noche, Lurcy, Les
                             Argères, La Mothe-au-Fournier 
Governors
20 Jun 1687 - 31 Aug 1714  Paul de Beauvilliers, duc de    (b. 1648 - d. 1714)
                             Saint-Aignan dit duc de 
                             Beauvilliers 
 7 Sep 1714 - 1719         Louis II de Rochechouart,       (b. 1681 - d. 1746)
                             duc de Mortenart 
22 Sep 1719 - 22 Jan 1776  Paul Hippolyte de Beauvilliers, (b. 1684 - d. 1776)
                             duc de Saint-Aignan 
22 Jan 1776 -  1 Jan 1791  Charles Paul François de        (b. 1746 - d. 1828)
                             Beauvilliers, duc de Saint-Aignan 

843                        Under the suzerainty of the King of France.
877                        Vicomtes Limoges
1371                       Eastern part of Limousin of French Royal domain.
1607                       Western part of Limousin of French Royal domain.

Governors
Aug 1675 - 23 Nov 1707     Frédéric-Murice de la Tour,     (b. 1642 - d. 1707)
                             comte d'Auvergne 
24 Nov 1707 -  1 Oct 1718  Jacques Fitz-James,             (b. 1670 - d. 1734)
                             duc de Fitz-James, Maréchal 
                             de Berwick 
 1 Oct 1718 - 13 Oct 1721  Jacques Fitz-James, duc de      (b. 1700 - d. 1721)
                             Fitz-James 
Oct 1721 - 1729            Henry Fitz-James, comte de      (b. 1711 - d. 1731)
                             Fitz-James 
28 Dec 1729 - 22 Mar 1787  Charles Fitz-James, duc de      (b. 1712 - d. 1787)
                             Fitz-James 
22 Mar 1787 -  1 Jan 1791  Jacques-Charles Fitz-James,     (b. 1743 - d. 1805)
                             duc de Fitz-James 

 

Capital: Nancy

Population: N/A (1766)

 

11 Aug 843                 Kingdom of Francia Occidentalis (Eastern France) founded at the

                             division of the original Frankish Empire (included the 

                             Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, part of eastern France and of 

                             western Switzerland and northern Italy.

29 Sep 855                 At the death of King Lothaire, the Kingdom is divided between his

                             three sons. The northern part called Lotharii Regnum including 

                             Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and part of eastern France.

 9 Aug 870                 Treaty of Meersen, territory divided between France and Germany.

880                        Treaty of Ribemont, the whole territory united with Germany.

                             With a few exceptions this would remain so until the 17th century

                             for most of the Netherlands and to the end of the 18th century at

                             as far as Belgian territories are concerned.

May 895 - Aug 900          Separate Kingdom of Lotharingen/Lorraine.

Aug 900 - 925              Formally again part of German Empire, but in fact independent 

                             without real central authority.

925                        Duchy of Lotharingia (Lorraine)(Herzogtum Lothringen) part of

                             the (German) Holy Roman Empire.

951                        County of of Barrois (Bar) founded (959 - 1033 under Lotharingia).

959                        Administrative division of the Duchy: Upper Lorraine (more or less

                             present French Lorraine and Luxembourg) and Lower Lorraine (more

                             or less present Belgium, Brabant, and the Netherlands).

af.1139                    No new dukes were appointed in Lower Lorraine. By then the 

                             territory had however already become divided into several

                             feudal principalities. 

1301                       France annexes territories east of Meuse River.

13 Mar 1354                County of Bar becomes Duchy of Bar (le-Duc); from 1473 in 

                             union with Lorraine.

1552                       France annexes the Bishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun.

1552 - 1559                Lorraine occupied by France.

1633 -  7 Dec 1659         Lorraine (and 1634-1661, Bar) occupied by France.

24 Oct 1648                Treaty of Westphalia formally cedes Metz, Toul and Verdun to France

1670 - 30 Oct 1697         Duchies of Lorraine and Bar occupied by France.

1702 - 1714                Lorraine and Bar occupied by France.

23 Feb 1766                Lorraine annexed to France; part of the Roayl domain.

Chanceliers, Garde des Sceaux, Intendants de Justice, de Police et des Finances
18 Jan 1737 - 1758         Antoine-Martin de Chaumont de   (b. 1697 - d. 1783)
                             la Galaiziere 
1758 - 23 Feb 1766         Antoine de Chaumont de la 
                             Galaiziere 

1146                       Praemonstratensian Abbey of Etival (Stift Etival)
1309                       Abbots of Etival considered Bishops by the Vatican
                             (droits quasi-épiscopaux), Abbey  de facto independent.
 2 Aug 1739                Abbey incorporated into Lorraine.

Abbots (title Abbés d'Etival)
 3 Feb 1554 – 11 Feb 1554  Antoine-Nicolas Saffrois
1554 – 1581                Jean de Maisières
1581 – 1609                Antoine Doridant
1609 – 1617                Didier Frouard
1619 – 1655                Jean Frouard
1655 – 1663                Hilarion Rampant
1663 – 1682                Epiphane Louis
1682 – 1721                Siméon Godin
1722 –  2 Aug 1739         Charles-Louis Hugo                    (d. 1739)

c.620                      Augustinian Abbey of Remiremont Abbey (Stift Remiremont)
818                        Moved to present location (possessions in
                             Alsace, Franche-Comté, and Lorraine).
1070                       Directly dependent upon the Emperor.
30 Jul 1290                Abbesses made Princesses of the Holy Roman
                             Empire.
1623                       Becomes a Benedictine abbey.
1693                       Seigneurial rights over town of Remiremont
                             confirmed.
 7 Dec 1790                Secularized and annexed to France.

Princess-Abbesses (title Abbesse-Princesse d'Empire de Remiremont)
20 Nov 1660 -  4 Nov 1702  Dorothée Marie de Salm             (b. 1651 - d. 1702)
1702 - 1710                Christine de Salm Salm             (b. 1663 - d. 17..)
                             (administrator)
1710 - 1711                Elisabeth Charlotte Gabrielle de   (b. 1700 - d. 1711)
                             Lorraine
 4 Aug 1710 -  9 Feb 1738  Béatrix-Hiéronyme de Lorraine-     (b. 1662 - d. 1738)
                             Lillebonne
 7 May 1738 -  7 Nov 1773  Anne Charlotte I de Lorraine-      (b. 1714 - d. 1773)
                             Brionne 
1773 - 1775                Marie Christine von Sachsen        (b. 1735 - d. 1782)
1775 - 22 May 1786         Anne Charlotte II de Lorraine      (b. 1756 - d. 1786)
1775 - 1782                Anne Charlotte de Rohan -Coadjutor
15 Sep 1786 - Feb 1790     Louise Adélaide de Bourbon-Condé   (b. 1757 - d. 1824)

1137                       Forez under French suzerainty.
1307                       Lyon under French suzerainty.
1532                       Beaujolais under French suzerainty.
1532                       County of Lyonnais part of the Royal domain.

Governors
28 Nov 1685 - 18 Jul 1730  François de Neuville, duc de    (b. 1644 - d. 1730)
                             Villeroy 
29 Jul 1730 - 22 Apr 1734  Louis-Nicolas de Neuville, duc  (b. 1663 - d. 1734)
                             de Villeroy 
 6 May 1734 - 1763         Louis-François-Anne de Neuville (b. 1695 - d. 1766)
                             duc de Villeroy
29 Nov 1763 -  1 Jan 1791  Gabriel-Louis-François de       (b. 1731 - d. 1794)
                             Neuville, duc de Villeroy

                   Flag of Maine

749                        Fankish Duchy of Maine.
c.830                      County of Maine
843                        Under the suzerainty of the Kings of France.
1110 - 1122                Part of Anjou.
1129 - 12 Dec 1481         Part of Anjou.
1214                       County of Maine part of the Royal domain (confiscated 1202).
1584                       Perche part of the Royal domain (county since 11..).
20 Aug 1560 - Oct 1567     Part of the government of Touraine.
Oct 1567 - 1587/89         Part of the government of Anjou.
 

Governors
1698 - 1715                Charles-Denis deBullion,        (d. 1721)
                             marquis de Fervacques 
 8 May 1715 - 23 Apr 1745  Anne-Jacques de Bullion,        (b. 1679 - d. 1745)
                             marquis de Fervacques 
 5 May 1745 - 1749         Charles-Paul-Sigismond de       (b. 1697 - d. 1785)
                             Montmorency, duc de Bouteville
15 Oct 1749 - 1765         Philippe-Antoine-Gabriel-Victor (b. 1723 - d. 1794)
                             -Charles de La Tour Du Pin, 
                             marquis de La Charce 
23 Nov 1765 - 1785         Raphaël-Lucien de Fayolle,      (b. 1727 - d. 1 804)
                             comte de Mellet de Neufvic
14 Aug 1785 -  1 Jan 1791  Pierre-Charles-Etienne-Maignard,(b. 1730 - d. 1816)
                             marquis de La Vaupallière 

843                        Under the suzerainty of the Kings of France.
1249 - 1301                Part of Angouleme
1308                       Marquisate of Marche an apanage of the Royal domain.
1503                       Part of the Royal domain.

Governors
Apr 1674 - 1711            Louis Foucault, marquis de      (b c.1645 - d. 1719)
                             Saint-Germain-Beaupré
1711 -  9 May 1752         Armad Louis François, marquis   (b. 1679 - d. 1752)
                             de Saint-German-Beaupré 
27 May 1752 -  1 Jan 1791  Marie Louis Caillebot, seigneur (b. 1716 - d. 1796)