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Belgium
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![[Civil Flag of Austrian First Republic]](at.gif)
![[1789 United Belgian States flag]](be-1789.gif)
![[French flag]](fr.gif)
![[National flag of the Netherlands]](nl.gif)
![[Flag of Belgium]](be.gif)
Dukes1
26 Jun 1548 - 25 Oct 1555 Charles III
(b. 1500 - d. 1558)
26 Jun 1548 - 25 Oct 1555 Maria von Habsburg (f) -Regent
(b. 1505 - d. 1558)
25 Oct 1555 - 16 Jan 1556 Philip V
(b. 1527 - d. 1556)
16 Jan 1556 - 16 Nov 1700 the kings of Spain
- in Hainaut/Henegouwen and Namur/Namen -
16 Nov 1700 - 2 Jan 1712 Philippe
(b. 1683 - d. 1746)
(Felipe V of Spain)
May 1712 - 8 May 1713 Maximilien
Marie Emmanuel
(b. 1662 - d. 1726)
(Maximilian II of Bavaria)
8 May 1713 - 20 Oct 1740 Charles
(b. 1685 - d. 1740)
(Karl III of Austria)
- Limburg/Limbourg -
16 Nov 1700 - 6 Dec 1703 Philippe
(s.a.)
6 Dec 1703 - 20 Oct 1740 Charles
(s.a.)
- in Brabant -
16 Nov 1700 - 5 Jun 1706 Philippe
(s.a.)
5 Jun 1706 - 20 Oct 1740 Charles
(s.a.)
- Flanders/Vlaanderen -
16 Nov 1700 - 6 Jun 1706 Philippe
(s.a.)
6 Jun 1706 - 20 Oct 1740 Charles
(s.a.)
- in Malines, Upper Gelder (to Prussia 1713),
Tournai, West-Flanders
and from 1711, Hainaut (under titular sovereignty of Charles
to Feb 1716) -
12 Sep 1703 - 22 Aug 1718 Conference of the High Powers
- John Churchill, Duke of
(b. 1650 - d. 1722)
Marlborough (to 1707)(U.K.)
- William Cadogan (1707 to 1710) (b.
1675 - d. 1726)
(U.K.)
- Charles Boyle, Earl of Orrery
(b. 1676 - d. 1731)
(U.K.)(from 1710)
- Frederik Adriaan Baron van Reede, (b. 1659 - d. 1738)
Baron van Renswoude (to 1708)
(The Netherlands)
- Johan van den Bergh
(b. 1664 - d. 1755)
(from 1708) (The Netherlands)
- all of the Southern Netherlands -
22 Aug 1718 - 17 Oct 1797 the rulers of Austria
(interrupted by invasions and occupations listed [s.a.])
Governors-general
26 Jun 1548 - 25 Oct 1555 Maria von Habsburg (f)
(s.a.)
25 Oct 1555 - 27 Jul 1559 Emmanuele Filiberto, ducca di Savoia
(b. 1528 - d. 1580)
27 Jul 1559 - 30 Dec 1567 Margareta de Parma (f)
(b. 1522 - d. 1586)
30 Dec 1567 - 29 Nov 1573 Fernando Álvarez de Toledo,
(b. 1507 - d. 1582)
duque d'Alba
7 Jul 1572 - 8 Nov 1576 Willem, graaf van Nassau,
(b. 1533 - d. 1584)
prince d'Orange (in rebellion)
29 Nov 1573 - 5 Mar 1576 Luis de Zúñiga
y Requesens
(b. 1528 - d. ....)
5 Mar 1576 - 31 Jul 1576 Gerónimo de Roda
+ Philippe de Croy, duc de Aërschot (b. 1526 - d.
1595)
(acting)
31 Jul 1576 - 3 Nov 1576 Charles Philippe de Croy,
(b. 1549 - d. 1613)
marquis de Havré (acting)
3 Nov 1576 - 1 Oct 1578 Juan de Austria
(b. 1547 - d. 1578)
(acting to 6 May 1577 in Luxembourg)
20 Jan 1578 - 15 Mar 1580 Matthias Erzherzog von Österreich
(b. 1557 - d. 1619)
1 Oct 1578 - 6 Dec 1592 Alessandro Farnese, ducca
de Parma (b. 1545 - d. 1592)
Jun 1580 - Nov 1581 Margareta,
duquessa de Parma (b. 1522
- d. 1586)
(co-ruler, in Namur)
26 Jan 1581 - 26 Jul 1581 Francis Hercule, duc d'Anjou
(b. 1555 - d. 1584)
et d'Alençon (in dissidence)
(Prince Souverain des Pays-Bas)
1592 - Feb 1594
Peter Ernst Graf von Mansfeld- (b.
1517 - d. 1604)
Heldrungen (acting to 6 Dec 1592)
Feb 1594 - 12 Feb 1595 Ernst Erzherzog
von Österreich (b. 1553 - d. 1595)
12 Feb 1595 - 1596
Pedro Henriquez d'Azevedo y Toledo, (b. 1560 - d. 1643)
conde de Fuentes
1596 - 1598
Albrecht Erzherzog von Österreich (b. 1559 - d.
1621)
1598 - 6 May 1598
Andreas Erzherzog von Österreich (b. 1558
- d. 1600)
6 May 1598 - 13 Jul 1621 Isabella Clara Eugenia de
España (f) (b. 1566 - d. 1633)
(Princesse Souveraine des Pays-Bas)
5 Sep 1599 - 13 Jul 1621 Albrecht Erzherzog von Osterreich
(b. 1559 - d. 1621)
29 Nov 1621 - 1634
Francisco de Moncada (acting)
1634 - 9 Nov 1641
Fernando, Arzobispo de Toledo
(b. 1609 - d. 1641)
1641 - 1644
Francisco de Mello, conde de Assumar,(d. 1651)
marqués de Laguna
1644 - 1647
Emanuel de Moura-Cortereal,
(d. 1661)
marqués da Castel Rodrigo
1647 - 1656
Leopold Wilhelm Erzherzog von
(b. 1614 - d. ....)
Österreich
1656 - Mar 1659
Juan José d'Austria
(b. 1629 - d. 1679)
1659 - Sep 1664
Luis de Benavides Carillo,
(d. 1668)
marqués de Fromiata
1664 - Sep 1668
Francisco de Moura-Cortereal,
(d. 1675)
marqués da Castel Rodrigo
1668 - Jul 1670
Inigo Melchor Fernández de Valesco
y Tovar, duque de Feria
1670 - Feb 1675
Juan Domingo de Zúñiga y Fonseca, (d. 1716)
duque de Monterrey y Fuentes
1675 - Dec 1677
Carlos de Aragón de Gurrea Borja y (d. 1692)
Aragón, duque de Villahermosa
1678 - 1682
Alessandro Farnese de Parma
(b. 1635 - d. 1689)
1682 - 19 Jun 1685
Ottone Enrico dal Carreto,
(d. 1685)
conde de Millesimo
19 Jun 1685 - 2 Feb 1686 .... (acting)
2 Feb 1686 - 1692
Francisco Antonio de Agurto,
(d. 1702)
marques de Gastañaga
1692 - 23 Mar 1701
Maximilian Herzog von Bayern
(b. 1662 - d. 1726)
23 Mar 1701 - 7 Oct 1704 Jan van Brouchoven Graf van
(b. 1644 - d. 1725)
Bergeyck
7 Oct 1704 - Jul 1706 Maximilian
Herzog von Bayern (s.a.)
Administrators-general (in Limburg)
6 Dec 1703 - 170.
Philipp Ludwig Graf Sinzendorff
und Thannhausen (1st time)
(b. 1671 - d. 1742)
1705 - 1706
Johann Peter Graf Goëss
(b. 1667 - d. 1716)
9 Dec 1706 - 8 Jan 1708 Francisco Bernardo de
Quiros (b. 1650 - d. 1708)
1709 - 1711
Johann Wenzel Graf Gallas
(b. 1669 - d. 1719)
1712 - 171.
Philipp Ludwig Graf Sinzendorff (s.a.)
und Thannhausen (2nd time)
Governors (in Limburg)
14 Dec 1713 - 1714
Georg Freiherr Tunderfeld (acting) (b. 1678 - d. 1748)
1714 - 1716
Franz Sigismund Graf Thurn und
Valsassina
(b. 1655 - d. 1716)
Governors-general
31 Jan 1716 - Nov 1716 Joseph Lothar Dominik
Graf von (b. 1673 - d. 1751)
Königsegg-Rothenfels (acting)
Nov 1716 - 1717
Ercole Giuseppe Luigi Turinetti (b. 1658
- d. 1726)
marchese di Prié (acting)
1717 - Nov 1724
François Eugéne (Eugenio) Prince de (b. 1663 - d. 1736)
Savoie-Soissons
Nov 1724 - 9 Oct 1725 Philipp Wirich
Lorenz Graf
(b. 1669 - d. 1741)
von Dhaun (acting)
9 Oct 1725 - 26 Aug 1741 Maria Elisabeth Erzherzogin
von (b. 1680 - d. 1741)
Österreich (f)
- jointly with the following -
26 Aug 1741 - 16 Mar 1743 Friedrich August Gervas Graf Harrach
(b. 1696 - d. 1749)
zu Rohrau (acting)
16 Mar 1743 - 8 Jan 1744 Karl Ferdinand Graf von Königsegg-
(b. 1696 - d. 1759)
Erps (acting)
8 Jan 1744 - 16 Dec 1744 Maria Anna Erzherzogin von
(b. 1718 - d. 1744)
Österreich (f)
- jointly with the following -
8 Jan 1744 - 16 Mar 1746 Charles Alexandre Emanuel
de (b. 1712 - d. 1780)
Lorraine et Bar (1st time)
Military Governor
May 1745 - 18 Oct 1748 Moritz von Sachsen
(b. 1696 - d. 1750)
Governors-general
Oct 1748 - 23 Apr 1749 Karl Joseph Graf
Batthyány (acting) (b. 1697 - d. 1772)
23 Apr 1749 - 4 Jul 1780 Charles Alexandre Emanuel
de (s.a.)
Lorraine et Bar (2nd time)
28 Jun 1780 - 1781
Georg Adam Fürst von Starhemberg (b. 1724
- d. 1807)
(acting)
1781 - Jun 1787
Maria Christina Johanna Josepha (b.
1742 - d. 1798)
Antonie Erzherzogin von
Österreich (f)
- jointly with the following -
1781 - Jun 1787
Albert Kasimir August Herzog von (b. 1738 - d.
1822)
Sachsen-Teschen
Jun 1787 - Nov 1787 Joseph
Graf Murray (acting)
(b. 1718 - d. 1802)
Military governor
Nov 1787 - 12 Dec 1789 Richard Graf Alton
(b. 1732 - d. 1790)
Commander of the Patriotic Army
24 Oct 1789 - 11 Jan 1790 Jan Frans Vonck
(b. 1743 - d. 1792)
Plenipotentiary of the People of Brabant
24 Oct 1789 - 11 Jan 1790 Hendrik Karel Nicolaas van der
Noot (b. 1731 - d. 1827)
Presidents of the Sovereign Congress of the Belgian States
11 Jan 1790 - 1790
François de Nélis
(b. 1736 - d. 1798)
8 Nov 1790 - 1790
Hendrik Herman Werner Frans Antoon (b. 1738 - d. 1811)
van Crumpipen
Governors-general
6 Dec 1790 - Jun 1791 Florimond Claude
Graf Mercy- (b. 1722 -
d. 1794)
Argenteau (acting)
Jun 1791 - 19 Nov 1792 Maria Christina
Johanna Josepha (b. 1742 - d. 1798)
Antonie Erzherzogin von
Österreich (f)
- jointly with the following -
Jun 1791 - 19 Nov 1792 Albert Kasimir August
Herzog von (b. 1738 - d. 1822)
Sachsen-Teschen
Commanders of French forces
19 Nov 1792 - 29 Dec 1792 Charles François du Perrier
(b. 1739 - d. 1823)
Dumouriez (1st time)
29 Dec 1792 - 2 Feb 1793 Francisco de Miranda (acting)
(b. 1750 - d. 1816)
2 Feb 1793 - 9 Mar 1793 Charles François
du Perrier (s.a.)
Dumouriez (2nd time)
Governors-general
9 Mar 1793 - 24 Mar 1793 Franz Karl Johann Nepomuk,
Graf (b. 1746 - d. 1818)
von Metternich zu Winneburg (acting)
24 Mar 1793 - 2 Aug 1794 Karl Ludwig Erzherzog von
Österreich (b. 1771 - d. 1847)
French Commander
27 Jul 1794 - 15 Oct 1794 Jean Charles Pichegru
(b. 1761 - d. 1804)
(from 9 Feb 1794, commander of the Armée du Nord)
Administrator of Central and Superior Belgium
(Administrateur Centrale et Supérieure de Belgique)
15 Oct 1794 - 22 Sep 1795 ....
French Government Commissioners
1 Oct 1795 - 22 Nov 1795 ....
22 Nov 1795 - 20 Jan 1797 Louis Ghislain de Bouteville-Dumetz
(b. 1746 - d. 1821)
1 Oct 1795 - 30 Jan 1814 Annexed to France (see
departments
below)
Governors-general (on behalf of the Allied Powers)
30 Jan 1814 - 11 Feb 1814 Allied Military Commanders
- Karl August Herzog von Sachsen- (b. 1757
- d. 1828)
Weimar
- Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von (b.
1755 - d. 1816)
Bülow, Graf von Dennewitz
- Ferdinand Freiherr von
(b. 1770 - d. 1818)
Wintzigerode
11 Feb 1814 - 15 Feb 1814 Allied Commissioners
- Justus Adolf Philipp Wilhelm
(b. 1774 - d. 1845)
Ludwig Freiherr von Wolzogen
- Leopold Hermann Ludwig von Boyen (b. 1771 - d.
1848)
15 Feb 1814 - 18 Feb 1814 Eugène Jean Baptiste, comte
de (b. 1741 - d. 1820)
Robiano (acting)
18 Feb 1814 - 23 Mar 1814 Frédéric Auguste
Alexandre, (b. 1751
- d. 1817)
duc de Beaufort-Spontin
23 Mar 1814 - 5 May 1814 Karl Freiherr von der Horst
5 May 1814 - 1 Aug 1814 Charles, baron de Vincent
(b. 1757 - d. 1834)
(Karl Freiherr von Vincent)
(Gouverneur-général militaire de
la Belgique et du pays de Liège)
1 Aug 1814 - 12 May 1815 Willem Frederik van Oranje-Nassau
(b. 1772 - d. 1843)
declined to serve and appointed a Lieutenant:
Godert Alexander Gerard Philip,
baron van der Capellen, heer van (b. 1778 - d. 1848)
Berkenwoude en Agterbroek
24 Sep 1830 - 25 Feb 1831 Administrative Commission
(from 26 Sep 1830, Provisional Government)
- Emmanuel Constantin Premier
(b. 1782 - d. 1866)
Ghislain van der Linden,
baron d'Hooghvorst
(to 12 Nov 1830)
- Charles Latour Rogier
(b. 1800 - d. 1885)
(signs as chairman on 25 Sep 1830, but never again)
- Philippe Félix Balthazar Othon
(b. 1791 - d. 1857)
Ghislain, comte de Mérode
(from 26 Sep 1830)
- Alexandre Joseph Célestin
(b. 1789 - d. 1869)
Gendebien (from 26 Sep 1830)
- Jean Sylvain van der Weyer
(b. 1802 - d. 1874)
(from 26 Sep 1830)
- André Édouard Jolly
(b. 1799 - d. 1831)
- Feuillen Charles Marie Joseph, (b.
1800 - d. 1887)
baron de Coppin de Falaën
- Joseph van der Linden
(b. 1764 - d. 18..)
- Louis Joseph Antoine de Potter (b.
1786 - d. 1859)
(28 Sep - 13 Nov 1830)
- Jean Nicolay
(d. 1842)
(25 Sep - 10 Oct 1830)
Regent
25 Feb 1831 - 21 Jul 1831 Érasme Louis, Baron Surlet
de (b. 1769 - d. 1839)
Chokier
Kings2
21 Jul 1831 - 10 Dec 1865 Léopold I
(b. 1790 - d. 1865)
(king-elect from 4 Jun 1831)
10 Dec 1865 - 17 Dec 1865 Charles Latour Rogier
(s.a.)
PL
(acting Head of State)
17 Dec 1865 - 17 Dec 1909 Léopold II
(b. 1835 - d. 1909)
17 Dec 1909 - 23 Dec 1909 Frans Schollaert
(b. 1851 - d. 1917) CP
(acting Head of State)
23 Dec 1909 - 17 Feb 1934 Albert I
(b. 1875 - d. 1934)
(Aug 1914 - Nov 1918 in unoccupied Belgium)
German military commanders
4 Aug 1914 - 25 Aug 1914 Alexander von Kluck
(b. 1846 - d. 1934) Mil
+ Karl Wilhelm Paul von Bülow
(b. 1846 - d. 1921) Mil
+ Max Clemens Lothar Freiherr von (b. 1846
- d. 1922) Mil
Hausen
Governors-general (under German occupation)
26 Aug 1914 - 16 Dec 1914 Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz
(b. 1843 - d. 1916) Mil
16 Dec 1914 - 18 Apr 1917 Moritz Ferdinand Freiherr von
(b. 1844 - d. 1917) Mil
Bissing
18 Apr 1917 - 17 May 1917 .... (acting)
17 May 1917 - 11 Nov 1918 Ludwig Freiherr von Falkenhausen
(b. 1844 - d. 1936) Mil
Chairman of the Central Soldiers' Council
10 Nov 1918 -c.16 Nov 1918 Hugo Freund
King2
17 Feb 1934 - 23 Feb 1934 Charles, Comte de Broqueville
(b. 1860 - d. 1940) CP
(acting Head of State)
23 Feb 1934 - 16 Jul 1951 Léopold III
(b. 1901 - d. 1983)
(German prisoner 28 May 1940 - 8 May 1945;
in exile in Switzerland 8 May 1945 - 22 Jul 1950)
Military governors
10 May 1940 - 20 May 1940 Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt
(b. 1875 - d. 1953) Mil
+ Fedor von Bock
(b. 1880 - d. 1945) Mil
20 May 1940 - 18 Jul 1944 Alexander Freiherr von Falkenhausen
(b. 1878 - d. 1966) Mil
(military governor for occupied Netherlands and Belgium
to 29 May 1940, then for Belgium and northern France)
Reichskommissar Belgien-Nordfrankreich
18 Jul 1944 - 3 Sep 1944 Joseph Grohé (1st time)
(b. 1902 - d. 1988) NSDAP
Dec 1944 - Jan 1945 Joseph
Grohé (2nd time)
(s.a.)
NSDAP
Allied Military Commanders
3 Sep 1944 - 20 Sep 1944 Omar N. Bradley (U.S.)
(b. 1893 - d. 1981) Mil
+ Bernard Law Montgomery (U.K.)
(b. 1887 - d. 1976) Mil
Kings2
20 Sep 1944 - 18 Jul 1950 Charles Théodore Henri Antoine
(b. 1903 - d. 1983)
Meinrad, prince de Belgique,
comte de Flandre -Regent
11 Aug 1950 - 16 Jul 1951 Baudouin Albert Charles Léopold
(b. 1930 - d. 1993)
Axel Marie Gustave,
duc de Brabant -Regent
16 Jul 1951 - 17 Jul 1951 Joseph Pholien
(b. 1884 - d. 1968) CVP-PSC
(acting Head of State)
17 Jul 1951 - 31 Jul 1993 Baudouin I
(s.a.)
(declared incapacitated at own request, 4-5 Apr 1990)
4 Apr 1990 - 5 Apr 1990 Wilfried Martens
(b. 1936)
CVP
(acting Head of State)
31 Jul 1993 - 9 Aug 1993 Jean-Luc Dehaene
(b. 1940)
CVP
(acting Head of State)
9 Aug 1993 -
Albert II
(b. 1934)
Presidents of the Supreme Council of the Netherlands (in
Vienna)
1 Apr 1717 - 25 Jun 1729 José Ceverio Folch
Prince de Cardona (b. 1651 - d. 1729)
25 Jun 1729 - 20 Nov 1740 Juan Antonio de Baxador, vizconde
de Roccaberti, conde de Savalla (b. 1673 -
d. 1743)
(acting to Aug 1729)
20 Nov 1740 - 12 Dec 1740 Karl Ferdinand Graf von Königsegg-
(s.a.)
Erps (acting)
12 Dec 1740 - 1757
Manoel Tellez de Menezes e Castro, (b. 1696 - d. 1771)
duque de Sylva, conde de Tarouca
1757 - 31 Mar 1757
Melchior Relles Giron marques de (d. 1763)
Pacheco (acting)
French Intendant of Justice, Police et Finances
May 1745 - 18 Oct 1748 Jean Moreau de Séchelles
(b. 1690 - d. 1760)
Joint Provisional Government-general of the Netherlands
Oct 1748 - 23 Apr 1749 Leopold Philipp
Carl Joseph Herzog
von Arenberg, Herzog von Aërschot (b. 1690 - d. 1754)
und Croy
+ Augustin Dieudonné de Steenhault (b. 1672
- d. 1758)
+ marquis de Herzelles
+ Herman de Crumpipen
+ Jean Daniel Antoine Scockart,
(b. 1698 - d. 1756)
Comte de Thirimont
Niederländischer Referendar (in Vienna)
1 Apr 1757 - 27 Apr 1766 Johann Anton Jakob van Dorn
(b. 1722 - d. 1766)
27 Apr 1766 - 20 Oct 1766 Vacant
Conductor of the Netherlands departments (in Vienna)
20 Oct 1766 - 1 Mar 1793 August Gottlob Freiherr von
Lederer (b. 1723 - d. 1795)
Prime minister of the Belgian States
11 Jan 1790 - 2 Dec 1790 Hendrik Karel Nicolaas van
der Noot (s.a.)
Hofrat der Niederländischen Hofkanzlei (in Vienna)
1 Mar 1793 - 5 Sep 1795 August Gottlob Freiherr
von Lederer (s.a.)
Chief secretary of the Belgian States Secretariat
1 Aug 1814 - Sep 1815 Pieter Lodewijk
Joseph Servaes
van Gobbelschroy
(b. 1784 - d. 1850)
Ministers of State
24 Sep 1830 - 24 Feb 1831 Charles Latour Rogier (acting)
(s.a.)
24 Feb 1831 - 26 Feb 1831 Paul Devaux
(b. 1801 - d. 1880)
Cabinet Chiefs
26 Feb 1831 - 27 Feb 1831 Albert Joseph Goblet d'Alviella
(b. 1790 - d. 1873) PL
(1st time)
27 Feb 1831 - 10 Mar 1831 Étienne Constantin de Gerlache
(b. 1785 - d. 1871) CP
10 Mar 1831 - 23 Mar 1831 Albert Joseph Goblet d'Alviella
(s.a.)
PL
(2nd time)
23 Mar 1831 - 3 Aug 1831 Étienne Noël Joseph,
(b. 1789 - d. 1867) PL
chevalier de Sauvage
3 Aug 1831 - 12 Nov 1831 Charles Marie de Brouckère
(b. 1796 - d. 1860) PL
(1st time)
12 Nov 1831 - 26 Mar 1832 Félix Armand de Mûelenaere
(b. 1794 - d. 1862) PL
26 Mar 1832 - 17 Sep 1832 Charles Marie de Brouckère
(s.a.)
PL
(2nd time)
17 Sep 1832 - 20 Oct 1832 Albert Joseph Goblet d'Alviella
(s.a.)
PL
(3rd time)
20 Oct 1832 - 4 Aug 1834 Jean Louis Joseph Lebeau (1st
time) (b. 1794 - d. 1865) PL
4 Aug 1834 - 18 Apr 1840 Barthélemy Théodore,
chevalier (b. 1794 - d. 1874)
CP
(1840, Comte) de Theux de Meylandt
(1st time)
18 Apr 1840 - 13 Apr 1841 Jean Louis Joseph Lebeau (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PL
13 Apr 1841 - 30 Jul 1845 Jean Baptiste Nothomb
(b. 1805 - d. 1881) PL
30 Jul 1845 - 31 Mar 1846 Jean Sylvain van de Weyer
(s.a.)
PL
31 Mar 1846 - 12 Aug 1847 Barthélemy Théodore,
(s.a.)
CP
Comte de Theux de Meylandt (2nd time)
12 Aug 1847 - 31 Oct 1852 Charles Latour Rogier (1st time)
(s.a.)
PL
31 Oct 1852 - 30 Mar 1855 Henri Ghislain de Brouckère
(b. 1801 - d. 1891) PL
30 Mar 1855 - 9 Nov 1857 Pierre Jacques François
De Decker (b. 1812 - d. 1891) CP
9 Nov 1857 - 3 Jan 1868 Charles Latour Rogier
(2nd time) (s.a.)
PL
3 Jan 1868 - 2 Jul 1870 Hubert Joseph Walthère
Frère-Orban (b. 1812 - d. 1896) PL
(1st time)
2 Jul 1870 - 7 Dec 1871 Jules Joseph, Baron d'Anethan
(b. 1803 - d. 1888) CP
7 Dec 1871 - 19 Jun 1878 Jules Malou (1st time)
(b. 1810 - d. 1886) CP
19 Jun 1878 - 16 Jun 1884 Hubert Joseph Walthère Frère-Orban
(s.a.)
PL
(2nd time)
16 Jun 1884 - 26 Oct 1884 Jules Malou (2nd time)
(s.a.)
CP
26 Oct 1884 - 26 Mar 1894 Auguste Marie François Beernaert
(b. 1829 - d. 1912) CP
26 Mar 1894 - 25 Feb 1896 Jules Philippe Marie de Burlet
(b. 1844 - d. 1897) CP
25 Feb 1896 - 24 Jan 1899 Paul de Smet de Nayer (1st time)
(b. 1843 - d. 1913) CP
24 Jan 1899 - 5 Aug 1899 Julius Vandenpeereboom
(b. 1843 - d. 1917) CP
5 Aug 1899 - 2 May 1907 Paul de Smet de Nayer
(2nd time) (s.a.)
CP
(from 1900, Paul, comte de Smet de Nayer)
2 May 1907 - 9 Jan 1908 Jules de Trooz
(b. 1857 - d. 1907) CP
9 Jan 1908 - 17 Jun 1911 Frans Schollaert
(s.a.)
CP
17 Jun 1911 - 31 May 1918 Charles, Baron de Broqueville
(s.a.)
CP
(from Aug 1914 in Sainte-Adresse, France exile)
Aug 1914 - Jul 1917 Maximiliam
Karl Peter Joseph (b. 1861
- d. 1918) Non-party
von Sandt
(chief of civil administration)
31 May 1918 - 21 Nov 1918 Geraard Cooreman
(b. 1852 - d. 1926) CP
(to Nov 1918 in France exile)
Chief of the Administration of the Superior Commission for Flanders
1917 - 1918
Alexander Schaible
(b. 1870 - d. 1933)
Chief of the Administration of the Superior Commission for Wallonia
1917 - 1918
Franz Haniel
Prime ministers
21 Nov 1918 - 20 Nov 1920 Léon Delacroix
(b. 1867 - d. 1929) CP
20 Nov 1920 - 16 Dec 1921 Henri Carton de Wiart
(b. 1869 - d. 1951) CP
16 Dec 1921 - 13 May 1925 Georges Theunis (1st time)
(b. 1873 - d. 1944) CP
13 May 1925 - 17 Jun 1925 Aloys, burgrave van de Vyvere
(b. 1871 - d. 1961) CP
17 Jun 1925 - 20 May 1926 Prosper, vicomte Poullet
(b. 1871 - d. 1935) CP
20 May 1926 - 6 Jun 1931 Henri Jaspar
(b. 1870 - d. 1939) CP
6 Jun 1931 - 22 Oct 1932 Jules Renkin
(b. 1862 - d. 1934) CP
22 Oct 1932 - 20 Nov 1934 Charles, comte de Broqueville
(s.a.)
CP
20 Nov 1934 - 25 Mar 1935 Georges Theunis (2nd time)
(s.a.)
CP
25 Mar 1935 - 24 Nov 1937 Paul van Zeeland
(b. 1893 - d. 1973) CP
24 Nov 1937 - 15 May 1938 Paul Emile Janson
(b. 1872 - d. 1944) PL
15 May 1938 - 20 Feb 1939 Paul-Henri Spaak (1st time)
(b. 1899 - d. 1972) POB-BWP
22 Feb 1939 - 12 Feb 1945 Count Hubert Pierlot
(b. 1883 - d. 1963) PCS-KVV
(25 May 1940 - 8 Sep 1944 in exile [first in
France, from 25 Oct 1940 in London])
5 Jul 1940 - 31 Oct 1940 Marcel-Henri Jaspar
(b. 1901 - d. 1982) CP
(in London exile, in opposition [not recognized])
Presidents of the Committee of the Secretaries-General (under
occupation)
16 May 1940 - 2 Sep 1940 Alexandre Delmer (1st time)
(b. 1879 - d. 1940)
3 Sep 1940 - 31 Jan 1941 Antoine Ernst, Baron de Brunswyck
3 Feb 1941 - 31 Mar 1941 Alexandre Delmer (2nd time)
(s.a.)
4 Apr 1941 - Sep 1944 Oscar Plisnier
Head of Reichsgau Wallonien and Leader of the Walloon
People (Chef du Peuple Wallon)
8 Dec 1944 - 1945
Léon Degrelle (in Germany exile) (b. 1906
- d. 1994) Rex
Head of Reichsgau Flandern and Landleader of the Flemish
People -
Head of the Flemish Liberation Committee (Landsleider
van het Vlaamsche Volk -
Hoofd van het Vlaamsche Bevrijdingscomité)
15 Dec 1944 - 1945
Jef Van de Wiele (in Germany exile) (b. 1902 - d. 1979) Devlag
Prime ministers
12 Feb 1945 - 13 Mar 1946 Achille Van Acker (1st time)
(b. 1898 - d. 1975) BSP-PSB
13 Mar 1946 - 31 Mar 1946 Paul-Henri Spaak (2nd time)
(s.a.)
BSP-PSB
31 Mar 1946 - 3 Aug 1946 Achille Van Acker (2nd time)
(s.a.)
BSP-PSB
3 Aug 1946 - 20 Mar 1947 Camille Huysmans
(b. 1871 - d. 1968) BSP-PSB
20 Mar 1947 - 11 Aug 1949 Paul-Henri Spaak (3rd time)
(s.a.)
BSP-PSB
11 Aug 1949 - 8 Jun 1950 Gaston Eyskens (1st time)
(b. 1905 - d. 1988) CVP-PSC
8 Jun 1950 - 15 Aug 1950 Jean Duvieusart
(b. 1900 - d. 1977) CVP-PSC
15 Aug 1950 - 15 Jan 1952 Joseph Pholien
(s.a.)
CVP-PSC
15 Jan 1952 - 23 Apr 1954 Jean Van Houtte
(b. 1907 - d. 1991) CVP-PSC
23 Apr 1954 - 26 Jun 1958 Achille Van Acker (3rd time)
(s.a.)
BSP-PSB
26 Jun 1958 - 25 Apr 1961 Gaston Eyskens (2nd time)
(s.a.)
CVP-PSC
25 Apr 1961 - 28 Jul 1965 Théodore Lefèvre
(b. 1914 - d. 1973) CVP-PSC
28 Jul 1965 - 19 Mar 1966 Pierre Harmel
(b. 1911)
CVP-PSC
19 Mar 1966 - 17 Jun 1968 Paul Vanden Boeynants (1st time)
(b. 1919 - d. 2001) CVP-PSC
17 Jun 1968 - 26 Jan 1973 Gaston Eyskens (3rd time)
(s.a.)
CVP
26 Jan 1973 - 25 Apr 1974 Edmond Leburton
(b. 1915 - d. 1997) BSP-PSB
25 Apr 1974 - 20 Oct 1978 Léo Tindemans
(b. 1922)
CVP
20 Oct 1978 - 3 Apr 1979 Paul Vanden Boeynants (2nd
time) (s.a.)
CVP
3 Apr 1979 - 6 Apr 1981 Wilfried Martens (1st time)
(s.a.)
CVP
6 Apr 1981 - 17 Dec 1981 Mark Eyskens
(b. 1933)
CVP
17 Dec 1981 - 7 Mar 1992 Wilfried Martens (2nd time)
(s.a.)
CVP
7 Mar 1992 - 12 Jul 1999 Jean-Luc Dehaene
(s.a.)
CVP
12 Jul 1999 - 20 Mar 2008 Guy Verhofstadt
(b. 1953)
VLD
20 Mar 2008 -
Yves Leterme
(b. 1960) CD&V
¹Full style: Duke/Duchess of Lothier, Brabant, Limbourg, Gueldre and Luxembourg, Count/Countess of Flanders, Hainaut, Namur and Chiny, Lord/Lady of Malines and Tournai, Marquis/Marchioness of Anvers and of the Holy Roman Empire.
2Full style of the ruler:
(a) from 21 Jul 1831: Roi des
Belges (French); Koning der Belgen (Dutch); König der
Belgier (German; official from 23 Oct 1991)("King of the Belgians"). Under
the constitution of the Kingdom of Belgium there was initially no official
language, but French was legally authoritative; French and Dutch became
official jointly from 8 Aug 1898, joined by German from 23 Oct 1991.
A peculiarity of the Constitution of Belgium is the provision
that "[the King] does not ascend the throne until he has taken the oath."
Thus between a demise of the crown by death or abdication and the taking
office of the next king the provisions for a vacancy or incapacity take
over: "The constitutional powers of the King are exercised, in the name
of the Belgian people, by the Ministers meeting in Council." The entity
acting as head of state in these circumstances is thus the council of ministers.
Party Abbreviations: CDH = Centre Démocrate
Humaniste (Democratic Humanist Center, in Wallonia, to 2002 PSC); CD&V
=
Christen-Democratisch & Vlaams (Christian-Democratic and Flemish, in
Flanders, to 2001 CVP); PS = Parti Socialiste (Francophone Socialist
Party, social-democratic, in Wallonia and Brussels); SP.A = Socialistische
Partij-Anders (Socialist Party Another Way, Flanders, called SP to 2001);
VLD
= Vlaamse Liberale Democraten - Partij van de Burger (Liberals and Democrats
- Citizen's Party, conservative liberal, in Flanders, to 1992 PVV); Mil
= Military;
- Former parties: BSP-PSB = Parti Socialiste
Belge-Belgische Socialistische Partij (Belgian Socialist Party, 1944-78,
divided into PS and SP); CP = Parti Catholique (orig. Clerical Party,
later Catholic Party; Union Catholique Belge, catholic "party" until 1937);
CVP = Christelijke Volkspartij (Christian People's Party,
Flemish, christian-democratic, -Flanders, 1968-2001, renamed 2001 CD&V);
CVP-PSC=
Christelijke Volkspartij-Parti Social-chrétien (Christian People's
Party-Social Christian Party, 1945-68, divided into CVP and PSC); Devlag
= Duitschen-Vlaamsche Arbeidsgemeenschap/Deutsch-Vlämische Arbeitsgemeinschaft
(German-Flemish Workers Community, Flemish fascist, pro-union with Germany,
1935-45);
PL/LP = Liberal Party/Parti Liberal (1846-1961, from 1961
PVV-PLP); PSC = Parti Social-chrétien (Social Christian Party,
center-right, in Wallonia and Brussels, 1968-2002, renamed CDH);
PCS-KVV
= Parti Catholique Social-Katholieke Vlaamsche Volkspartij (Social Catholic
Party-Catholic Flemish People's Party; catholic federated parties 1937-45);
POB-BWP
= Parti Ouvrier Belge-Belgische Werkliedenpartij (Belgian Worker's Party;
socialist party before 1940); PVV-PLP = Party for Freedom and Progress
(LP-PL to 1961, divided 1972 in PVV [in Flanders and Brussels] and PLP
[in Wallonia and Brussels]); Rex = Christe Roi (Christ King, "Rexist
party", Walloon fascist, 1935-45); SP = Socialistische Partij (Flemish
Socialist Party, social-democratic -Flanders, renamed to SP.A in 2001);
NSDAP
= Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German
Worker's Party, "Nazi" German fascist)
Independent State of Flanders
![[Flag of Flanders]](be-vlg.gif)
22 Dec 1917
The Council of Flanders, believing that the German occupiers
would encourage secession, proclaims independence.
25 Jul 1918
Terminated by German occupation authorities.
President of the Council of Flanders
22 Dec 1917 - 25 Jul 1918 Willem de Vreese
(b. 1869 - d. 1938) Non-party
President of the Commission of Plenipotentiaries
22 Dec 1917 - 25 Jul 1918 Pieter Lodewijk Tack
(b. 1870 - d. 1943) Non-party
Eupen and Malmedy
|
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with former Neutral Moresnet (they were part of the
Prussia's Rheinprovinz and within this province part of
Aachen Regierungsbezirk).
Commanders of Allied Forces
1918 - 1919
Hysler (U.K.)
1919 - 1920
Auguste Édouard, Baron Michel
(b. 1855 - d. 1951)
du Faing d'Aigremont (Belgium)
Belgian Royal High Commissioner and Governor of the Eastern Cantons
10 Jan 1920 - 1 Jun 1925 Herman Baltia
(b. 1863 - d. 1938)
(from 28 Aug 1920, Baron Herman Baltia)
Regierungspräsident of Aachen
1940 - 1944
Franz Vogelsang
(b. 1899 - d. ....)
Bouillon
1095
Part of the Bishopric of Liège.
1291
First recorded style of the Bishop Liège as Duke
of Bouillon.
1456
Title Duke of Bouillon a permanent part of the prince-bishop's
style (although merely titular during certain periods noted).
31 Aug 1482 - 1521
Bouillon under the La Marck dynasty, contested by
the Bishops of Liège.
1521 - 1552
Part of the Bishopric of Liège.
1552 - 3 Apr 1559
French occupation, under the La Marck dynasty.
3 Apr 1559
Part of the Bishopric of Liège.
3 Apr 1559 - 1 May 1678 The La Marck dynasty
and its successor La Tour d'Auvergne
dynasty maintain its claims to the Duché de Bouillon and
their style of duc/duchesse de Bouillon is recognized by
France, possibly with technical regard to some fragments of
the territory still in their possession.
8 May 1594
Claim to Bouillon passed to the de La Tour d'Auvergne dynasty.
30 Sep 1676 - 1 May 1678 French occupation.
1 May 1678
the King of France establishes the La Tour d'Auvergne
dynasty in full sovereignty over the Duchy of Bouillon
under French protectorate.
1 May 1792
Bouillon becomes a constitutional monarchy.
19 Nov 1792
French occupation.
24 Apr 1794
Duke is imprisoned in France, administration under
the General Assembly which however, did not
explicitly abolish the ducauté. This period is
often erroneously called the "Boullionaise Republic".
25 Oct 1795
Annexed to France; incorporated into département
of Ardennes.
30 May 1814 - 1 Jan 1815 Allied administration (see
under Belgium).
Mar 1815
French occupation.
22 Jul 1815
Part of Luxembourg.
1831
Part of Belgium.
Dukes
31 Jan 1696 - 16 May 1730 Emmanuel-Théodose
(b. 1668 - d. 1730)
16 May 1730 - 24 Oct 1771 Charles-Godefroy
(b. 1706 - d. 1771)
24 Oct 1771 - 3 Dec 1792 Godefroy-Charles-Henri
(b. 1728 - d. 1792)
3 Dec 1792 - 24 Apr 1794 Jacques-Léopold-Charles-Godefroy
(b. 1746 - d. 1802)
24 Apr 1794 - 25 Oct 1795 Committee of Execution
- Claude-Pierre Jobard
- Remacle Poncelet
- François-Gérard Pirson
- Pierre Castilhon
- Rénéaume-Latache
- Dominique Millard
- Jean-Joseph Nannan
18 Aug 1814 - 1 Mar 1815 Antoine de Vauthier de
Braillamont -Governor (for Philippe)
1 Jan 1815 - Mar 1815 Philippe
(b. 1754 - d. 1816)
(Philip D'Auvergne)
Governor
Mar 1815 - 1 Dec 1815 Clément
Bonnichon (for Napoléon)
Presidents of the Assembly