Italian states before 1861 A-N

796                        Bishopric of Seben (Episcopatus Sebonensis/Hochstift Säben).
965                        Bishops of Seben (Sabiona) move to the nearby town of Bressanone.
11 Apr 1004                Lordship of Veldes (Ueldes)(Herrschaft Veldes) ceded to the
                             Bishop of Brixen by German Emperor Heinrich II.
1022                       Bishopric of Brixen (Episcopatus Brixiensis/Hochstift Brixen).
 7 Jun 1027                The entire Isarco Valley, together with the Inn Valley, was taken
                             from the rebellious Duke Welf II of Bavaria, and given as a gift
                             to Brixen Bishop Arduico, by Emperor Conrad II.
1179                       Bishops of Brixen made Princes of the Holy Roman Empire
                             (Episcopatus Ac Principatus Brixinensis/Fürstbistum Brixen/
                             Principato Vescovile di Bressanone), after the Imperial Reforms of
                             1500 remained within the Holy Roman Empire with a vote in the
                             Council of Princes of the Imperial Diet.
1512                       Briefly occupied by France.
23 Mar 1797 -  3 Apr 1797  Briefly occupied by French forces under Barthélemy Joubert (b. 1769 -
                             d. 1799).
 9 Mar 1801                Administered by Austria in anticipation of secularization and
                             annexation to Austria.
27 Apr 1803                Incorporated into Austrian Tyrol (see Austrian Crownlands)(by
                             enactment of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 25 Feb 1803),
                             nominally as a state (Principality of Brixen [Fürstentum Brixen])
                             of the Holy Roman Empire.
26 Dec 1805 - 28 Feb 1810  Annexed to Bavaria.
28 Feb 1810 - 30 May 1814  Annexed to the Kingdom of Italy (see Lombardy) as
                             the département Haut-Adige (Alto Adige).
30 May 1814                Restored into Austria.
 3 Nov 1918                Annexed to Italy.

Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischof zu Brixen/Principe vescovo di Bressanone)
15 Nov 1685 -  3 Apr 1702  Johann Franz Reichsgraf von Khuen zu    (b. 1649 - d. 1702)
                             Liechtenberg (ordained 29 Jun 1687)
 8 Jun 1702 -  2 Jul 1747  Kaspar Ignaz Freiherr von Künigle       (b. 1671 - d. 1747)
                             zu Ehrenburg (ordained 24 Jun 1703)
18 Oct 1747 - 31 Dec 1778  Leopold Maria Joseph Graf von Spaur     (b. 1696 - d. 1778)
31 Dec 1778 -  2 Mar 1779  Ignaz Franz Reichsgraf von Spaur        (b. 1729 - d. 1779)
26 May 1779 - 26 May 1791  Joseph Philipp Reichsgraf von Spaur     (b. 1718 - d. 1791)
16 Aug 1791 - 25 Feb 1803  Franz Karl Graf von Lodron              (b. 1748 - d. 1828)
                             (ordained 25 Mar 1792; fled to Innsbruck in 1797)

Castro

Finale

12th cent. - 2 Mar 1602

10 Jun 1162                Lordship of Finale (Finarium Dominium/Signoria di Finale)
                             (confirmed 1226) as fief of the Holy Roman Empire in Liguria.
1185 - 1598                Under the del Carretto dynasty.
 8 May 1449 - 20 Dec 1450  Occupied by Genoa.
1496                       Marquisate of Finale (Marchesato di Finale).
1558 - 1564                Occupied by Genoa.
1564                       Marquess made a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire (the title was
                             not inherited).
1566 - 1602                Under administration by Imperial commissioners.
11 Apr 1571 - 1573         Occupied by Spain.
16 May 1598                Sold to the King of Spain, effective on 2 Mar 1602 (comes under
                             the Spanish administration of the Duchy of Milan).
 1 Nov 1700                After the death of Carlo II, possession is disputed between 
                             Spain, Austria, Genoa, and Savoy-Piedmont.
1701 -  2 Apr 1707         Occupied by France.
1707 - 1711                Occupied by French and Austrian forces.
1711 - 1713                Imperial administration.
20 Aug 1713                Ceded by Spain to Genoa as a feudal possession (Imperial fief).
15 Sep 1746 - 18 Oct 1748  Occupied by Piedmont-Sardinia.
18 Oct 1748                Restored to Genoa, continues as a fief of the Emperor to 1797.

Marquesses and Lords (title Marchese di Savona e Signore del Finale)
1392 - 1402                Lazzarino II del Carretto      (b. 13.. - d. 1412)
1402 - 1449                Galeotto I del Carretto        (b. c.1400 - d. 1450)
 8 May 1449 - 20 Dec 1450  Genoese occupation
1450 - 1466                Giovanni I Lazzarino del       (b. c.1410 - d. 1468)
                             Carretto
1466                       Biagio Galeotto II del Carretto(b. 1452 - d. 1482)
1466 - 1496                Alfonso I del Carretto         (b. 1457 - d. 1523)
Marquesses (title Marchese del Finale)
1496 - 1523                Alfonso I                      (s.a.)
1499 - 15 Aug 1514         Carlo Domenico (pretender)     (b. 1454 - d. 1514)
1523 - 30 Jun 1535         Giovanni II                    (b. 1503 - d. 1535)
30 Jun 1535 -  9 Nov 1583  Alfonso II (exiled from 1567)  (b. 1525 - d. 1583)
                             (from 1564, prince of Finale [principe del Finale])
30 Jun 1535 - 1546         Marcantonio Del Carretto       (b. 1513 - d. 1578)
                             Doria -Regent
1564 - 1566                Giovanni Alberto Del Carretto  (b. c.1460 - d. 1505)
                             di Gorzegno -Regent
 9 Nov 1583 - 1596         Alessandro                     (b. 1528 - d. 1596)
1596 -  2 Mar 1602         Sforza Andrea                  (b. 1534 - d. 1602)
 2 Mar 1602 - 1701         the kings of Spain
1701 - 1707                occupied by France
1707 - 1709                occupied by Austria
1709 - 1711                Carlos (III) (in dissidence)   (b. 1685 - d. 1740)

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Fiume: see under Croatia

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Firenze (Florence): see Tuscany

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Forlì

Fosdinovo

Map of Fosdinovo

Capital: Fosdinovo

Population: 3,000 (1700)

1202                       Fosdinovo (Fosdenovum) a free commune.
1289                       Lordship of Fosdinovo (Fosdenovum Dominium/Signoria di Fosdinovo).
1340 - 1796                Under the Malaspina dynasty.
26 Jan 1355                Marquistate of Fosdinovo (Marchesato di Fosdinovo).
12 Nov 1529                Imperial right of primogeniture granted by Emperor Karl V, as
                             well as the right of the Imperial Vicar, the first and principal
                             of the house, for the imperial fiefs to Malaspina dynasty in
                             Lunigiana and elsewhere.
19 Jun 1796                French occupation.
16 Oct 1796 -  6 May 1806  Part of Transpadane/Cisalpine/Italian Republic (see Lombardy).
 6 May 1806 - May 1814     Garfagnana with Fosdinovo are dependencies of the Principality
                             of Lucca.
 5 Aug 1811 - Mar 1814     Annexation of the Lunigiana ex-fiefdoms to France.
20 Apr 1814 - 13 Jun 1814  British occupation along with Genoa and Garfagnana.
13 Jun 1814 -  6 May 1816  Occupied by Austria.
13 Jun 1814                Provisional Government of the imperial fiefdoms of Lunigiana 
                            (Governo provvisorio dei Feudi Imperiali di Lunigiana) with a seat
                             in Aulla, formed (Sarzana, Santo Stefano, Ortonovo, Castelnuovo,
                             Fosdinovo, Aulla, Licciana, Terrarossa, Bolano, Albiano, Lerici,
                             Ameglia e Trebiano)(subordinated to the Austrian Plenipotentiary
                             of the Imperial fiefdoms of Lunigiana Joseph von Werklein in Lucca).
 9 Jun 1815                Incorporated into Massa and Carrara.
30 Aug 1816                Incorporated into Modena (part of province of Lunigiana Estense;
                             from 21 Apr 1840, province of Massa and Carrara and Lunigiana
                             Estense). 
11 Jun 1859                Combined with Massa and Carrara and merged into Modena.

Marquesses (title Marchese di Fosdinovo [from 1644, e di Gragnola])
1398 -  9 Apr 1445         Antonio Alberico I               (d. 1445)
                           - jointly with -
1398 - 1405                Gabriele III                     (d. 1405)
 9 Apr 1445 -  3 Feb 1508  Gabriele IV                      (b. 1435/38 - d. 1508)
                           - jointly with following four -
 9 Apr 1445 - 18 Nov 1467  Giacomo I                        (b. 1422/27 - d. 1481)
 9 Apr 1445 - 18 Nov 1467  Spinetta III                     (b. 1436/41 - d. 1505)
 9 Apr 1445 -  4 Jul 1451  Lazzaro                          (b. 1428/29 - d. 1451)
 9 Apr 1445 - 1466         Francesco                        (d. 1485)
 3 Feb 1508 - 1551         Lorenzo                          (d. 1551)
                           - jointly with -
1508 - 1523                Galeotto II                      (d. af.1523)
1551 - 1565                Giuseppe                         (d. 1565)
1565 - 1610                Andrea                           (b. 1544 - d. 1610)
1610 - 1663                Giacomo II                       (b. 1593 - d. 1663)
1663 -  8 Nov 1669         Pasquale                         (b. 1622 – d. 1669)
 8 Nov 1669 - 15 Feb 1671  Ippolito II                      (b. 1628 – d. 1671)
15 Feb 1671 - 1722         Carlo I Agostino                 (b. 1671 – d. 1722)
1722 - 1758                Gabriele V                       (b. 1695 – d. 1758)
1758 - 19 Jun 1796         Carlo II Emanuele                (b. 1752 – d. 1808)
Government Delegate for the Garfagnana
29 Apr 1814 - 1814         Carlo Cali
Chairman of the Provisional Government of the imperial fiefdoms of Lunigiana
13 Jun 1814 - 1815         Luigi Malaspina, marchese di     (b. 1754 - d. 1835)
                             Mulazzo

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Genoa
 

c.1218 - 4 Jun 1805; 26 Apr - 26 Dec 1814

1637 - 14 Jun 1797 State flag

c.1746 - 14 Jun 1797 Variant State flag

Map of Republic  of Genoa	National Anthem "Il Basso di Genova" (The Bass of Genoa)	Currency: 1580-1805 Italian States Lira (XITL)	Constitutions (in Italian) (2 Dec 1797-1801;  24 Jun 1802-1805)
Capital: Genoa  (Genova)	Military Force: 20,000 (1790) (including irregular 16,000)	National Holiday: 23 Apr (303) Festa di San Giorgio (Feast of Saint George)	Population: 600,000 (1797)

af.780                     County of Genoa (Comitatus Ianuensis).
958                        Royal grant to the city of legal autonomy, including the right
                             to form an army.
961                        Marca Obertenga (or marca Januensis) created.
1052 - 1099                Genoa a free commune.
1097                       Foundation of the Compagna Communis Ianuensis, as an association
                             of all feudal lords and of the citizens grouped in eight
                             neighborhoods (Borgo di Prè, Sosiglia, Porta di Banchi [or
                             Portoria], San Lorenzo, Maccagnana [or Mascherona], Piazzalunga,
                             Palazzolo [or Castello], and Portanova).
1099                       Communal government through consuls elected by the patrician
                             families.
1133                       Genoa purchases Portovenere.
1162                       Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa enfeoffs the Riviera from Monaco
                             to Capo Corvo and the Apennines to Genoa.
1191                       Election of the first Podestà (mayor) as rector of the commune.
1257                       Election of the first Capitano del Popolo as the head of the
                             communal government.
1261                       Genoa subjugates Ventimiglia.
1271                       Beginning of the alternative periods of the government of two
                             Capitani del Popolo (Captains of the People).
1276                       Genoa obtains Porto Maurizio.
1284 - 15 May 1768         Corsica annexed by Genoa.
1298 - 28 May 1576         Oneglia port enclave a feudal dependency of the Doria family.
27 Jul 1318 -  3 Dec 1334  Joint condominium of the Papal State and Kingdom of Naples.
23 Sep 1339                Republic of Genoa, formally the Most Serene Republic of Genoa
                             (Res publica Ianuensis/Repubblica di Genova), election of the Doge
                             for life.
 9 Oct 1353 - 14 Nov 1356  Occupied by Milan (see Lombardy).
 4 Nov 1396 -  3 Sep 1409  French occupation.
 6 Sep 1409 - 22 Mar 1413  Occupied by Montferrat.
 3 Jul 1415                Republic of Genoa (restored).
 2 Nov 1421 - 27 Dec 1435  Occupied by Milan.
11 May 1458 - 12 Mar 1461  French occupation (Duchy of Genoa [Duché de Gênes/Ducato di Genova]).
19 Apr 1464 –  8 Aug 1478  Occupied by Milan.
23 Aug 1487 - 26 Oct 1499  Occupied by Milan.
26 Oct 1499 - 10 Apr 1507  French occupation.
28 Apr 1507 - 29 Jun 1512  French occupation.
 7 Sep 1515 –  2 Jun 1522  French occupation.
Aug 1527 - 12 Sep 1528     French occupation.
12 Oct 1528                Constitution adopted (Leges reipublice genuensis).
                             "Compagna Communis" ceases to exist.
17 Nov 1528                Savona commune annexed.
10 Mar 1576                Constitution adopted.
28 May 1576 - 27 Mar 1801  Port enclave of Oneglia (French: Oneille; modern Imperia) 
                             sold to Savoy-Piedmont.
1580                       Most Serene Republic of Genoa (Serenissima Repubblica di Genova/
                             Ligurian: Serenìscima Repùbrica de Zêna).
1624                       Zuccarello Marquisate sold by Emperor Ferdinand II to Genoa
                             (confirmed 1631). 
21 Apr 1686                Bordighera, Vallebona, Sasso, Soldano, San Biagio, Vallecrosia
                             and Camporosso rebel against the Captaincy to Ventimiglia and
                             form the autonomous Magnificent Community of Eight Villages (la
                             Magnifica Comunità degli Otto Luoghi).
20 Aug 1713                Finale Marquisate sold to Genoa by Spain.
 6 Sep 1746 -  7 Dec 1746  Imperial (Austrian) occupation.
15 May 1768                Corsica sold to France.
14 Jun 1797                French occupation.
14 Jun 1797                The Provisional Government established referred to the polity as
                             Repubblica di Genova (Republic of Genoa) or Repubblica Genovese
                             (Genoese Republic). It was gradually replaced with Repubblica
                             Ligure by the time when the Constitution of 1797 was proclaimed.
17 Oct 1797                Treaty of Campoformio, the Emperor Francis II renounced the Ligurian
                             Imperial fiefdoms by accepting their union with the Genoese
                             Republic (the imperial fiefs constituted a territorial strip that
                             occupied the immediate Oltregiogo, surrounding the few road
                             accesses kept by Genoa, along the Bocchetta road up to Novi, the
                             small towns to the east and west of this were imperial fiefs,
                             such as Busalla, Ronco, Arquata, etc.)
 9 Dec 1797                Ligurian Republic (Repubblica Ligure/République Ligurienne).
 5 Jun 1800 - 24 Jun 1800  Austrian and British occupation.
 6 Jun 1800                Most Serene Republic of Genoa (restored).
24 Jun 1800                French occupation, Ligurian Republic (restored).
 4 Jun 1805 - 26 Apr 1814  Annexed to France.
 9 Jun 1805                Constitution of the Ligurian Republic is abolished, the government is
                             dissolved in accordance with a decree issued by the minister of the
                             interior of the French Empire in Genoa.
 8 Oct 1805                Divided into the French départements of Apennins, Gênes (Genoa),
                             and Montenotte.
20 Apr 1814 -  7 Jan 1815  Genoa occupied by British and Sicilian forces.
26 Apr 1814                Most Serene Republic of Genoa (Serenissima Repubblica di Genova)
                             (restored). Constitution of the Republic of Genoa as of 1797 is
                             restored by a proclamation of the commander-in-chief of the army
                             of the United Kingdom issued on 26 Apr 1814 in Genoa.
17 Dec 1814                Representatives of the King of Sardinia agreed to the conditions
                             of incorporation of the states of Genoa into the Kingdom of
                             Sardinia proposed by the Congress of Vienna on 12 Dec 1814.
26 Dec 1814                The government of the Republic of Genoa is dissolved in accordance
                             with a proclamation of the Provisional Government issued on 26 Dec
                             1814 in Genoa (British forces take over the administration on
                             behalf of Sardinia).
27 Dec 1814                Incorporation of the Republic of Genoa into the Kingdom of Sardinia
                             is declared by a proclamation of the commander of the armed
                             forces of the United Kingdom in Genoa issued on 27 Dec 1814.
 7 Jan 1815                Annexation to Sardinia-Piedmont proclaimed (the transfer of the
                             government to the commissioner plenipotentiary of the King of
                             Sardinia is declared in accordance with a proclamation of the
                             commander of the armed forces of the United Kingdom in Genoa).
15 Jun 1815                The king of Sardinia adds the "duke of Genoa" to the royal style. 
 2 Apr 1849 - 11 Apr 1849  Genoa proclaims a provisional government and expels royal
                             authorities. 

Doges
23 Sep 1339 - 23 Dec 1344  Simone Boccanegra (1st time)           (d. 1363)
25 Dec 1344 -  6 Jan 1350  Giovanni da Murta                      (d. 1350)
 9 Jan 1350 -  8 Oct 1353  Giovanni da Valente                    (b. 1280 - d. 1360)
Visconti Governors
 9 Oct 1353 -  3 May 1355  Guglielmo Pallavicino                  (d. 1360)
 3 May 1355 - 1356         Luchino Dal Verme                      (b. 1320 - d. 1367)
1356 - 14 Nov 1356         Gaspare Visconti
Doges (official style Serenissimo Duce e governatore)
15 Nov 1356 -  3 Mar 1363  Simone Boccanegra (2nd time)           (s.a.)
14 Mar 1363 - 13 Aug 1370  Gabriele Adorno                        (b. 1320 - d. 1383)
13 Aug 1370 - 17 Jun 1378  Domenico Fregoso                       (b. 1325 - d. 1390)
17 Jun 1378                Antoniotto Adorno (1st time)           (b. 1340 - d. 1398) 
17 Jun 1378 -  7 Apr 1383  Nicolò Guarco                          (b. 1325 - d. 1385)
 7 Apr 1383                Federico da Pagana                     (b. 1315 - d. 1406)
 7 Apr 1383 - 14 Jun 1384  Leonardo Montaldo                      (b. 1319 - d. 1384)
15 Jun 1384 -  3 Aug 1390  Antoniotto Adorno (2nd time)           (s.a.) 
 3 Aug 1390 -  6 Apr 1391  Giacomo Fregoso                        (b. 1340 - d. 1420)
 6 Apr 1391 - 16 Jun 1392  Antoniotto Adorno (3rd time)           (s.a.)
16 Jun 1392 - 15 Jul 1393  Antonio Montaldo (1st time)            (b. 1368 - d. 1398)
15 Jul 1393                Pietro Fregoso                         (b. 1330 - d. 1404)
15 Jul 1393 - 16 Jul 1393  Clemente Promontorio                   (b. 1340 - d. 1415)
16 Jul 1393 - 30 Aug 1393  Francesco Giustiniani Garibaldo        (b. 1336 - d. 1408)
30 Aug 1393 - 24 May 1394  Antonio Montaldo (2nd time)            (s.a.)
24 May 1394 - 17 Aug 1394  Nicolò Zoagli                          (b. 1340 - d. 1408)
27 Aug 1394 -  3 Sep 1394  Antonio Guarco                         (b. 1360 - d. 1405)
 3 Sep 1394 - 27 Nov 1396  Antoniotto Adorno (4th time)           (s.a.)
French Governors
27 Nov 1396 - 18 Mar 1397  Antoniotto Adorno                      (s.a.)
18 Mar 1397 - Aug 1397     Valéran III de Luxembourg              (b. c.1357 - d. 1415)
                             (Vallerano di Lussemburgo)
Aug 1397 - 21 Sep 1398     Borleo de Luxembourg (acting)
                             (Borleo di Lussemburgo)
21 Sep 1398 - 17 Jan 1400  Collart de Colleville
                             (Collardo di Callevilla)
17 Jan 1400 - 21 Mar 1400  Battista Boccanegra                    (b. 1359 - d. 1401)
                             (not recognized by France)
26 Mar 1400 - 18 Apr 1400  Battista de Franchi-Luxardo -Rettore
                             (not recognized by France)
18 Apr 1400 - 17 Oct 1400  Council of 15 Elders
17 Oct 1400 - 20 Sep 1401  Battista de Franchi-Luxardo
                           + Rinaldo d'Olivar (Renaud Olivier)
                              (to 20 Oct 1400)
20 Sep 1401 - 31 Oct 1401  Priors
                           - Antonio Giustiniani
                           - Giorgio Adorno                       (b. 1350 - d. 1430)
31 Oct 1401 - 31 Jul 1409  Jean le Maingre, seigneur de Boucicaut (b. 1364 - d. 1421)
31 Jul 1409 -  3 Sep 1409  Hugo de Choleton (Ugo di Cholet)       (d. 1409)
Doges (official style Serenissimo Duce e governatore)
 6 Sep 1409 - 22 Mar 1413  the marquess of Monferrat
22 Mar 1413 - 27 Mar 1413  Eight Rectors
                           (8 popolari, 1 borghese)
                           - Barnabe di Guano
                           - Francesco Giustiniano
                           - Raffaello Giudice
                           - Carlo Ciconia
                           - Antonio di Pavero
                           - Gioanni Greppo
                           - Gioanni Calacio
                           - Battista di Zoaglio
                           - Giacobo di Sori
27 Mar 1413 - 23 Mar 1415  Giorgio Adorno                         (s.a.)
24 Mar 1415 - 29 Mar 1415  Tommaso Campofregoso                   (b. 1370 - d. 1453)
                           + Giacomo Giustiniani
                           (provisional government)
29 Mar 1415 -  3 Jul 1415  Barnaba Guarco (Giano)                 (b. 1370 - d. 1454)
 4 Jul 1415 -  2 Nov 1421  Tommaso Campofregoso (1st time)        (s.a.)
Lord (Signore di Genova)
 2 Nov 1421 - 27 Dec 1435  the duke of Milan
Milan govenors
25 Dec 1421 - 17 Jan 1422  Francesco Bussone (1st time)           (b. c.1385 - d. 1432)
17 Jan 1422 - 31 Mar 1422  Urbano di Sant'Alosio
31 Mar 1422 -  5 Dec 1422  Four Rectors
                           - Pietro dei Zorzi, vescovo di Novara
                           - Guidone Torello
                           - Sperone di Pietrasanta 
                           - Franchino di Castiglione
 5 Dec 1424 - 15 Nov 1424  Francesco Bussone (2nd time)           (s.a.)
15 Nov 1424 - Feb 1428     Giacomo degli Isolani                  (b. 1360 - d. 1431)
28 Feb 1428 - 1431         Bartolomeo della Capra                 (b. c.1365 - d. 1433)
1431 - 1434                Oldrado di Lampugnano                  (b. 1380 - d. 1460)
1425 - 25 Dec 1435         Oppizino di Alzate -Commissioner       (d. 1435)
1435 - 25 Dec 1435         Francesco Barbavara -Commissioner      (d. af.1445)
25 Dec 1435 - 25 Dec 1435  Erasmo da Trivulzio                    (d. 1459)
Doges
28 Mar 1436 -  3 Apr 1436  Isnardo Guarco                         (b. 1380 - d. 1458)
 3 Apr 1436 - 24 Mar 1437  Tommaso Campofregoso (2nd time)        (s.a.)
24 Mar 1437                Batista I Fegoso                       (b. 1380 - d. 1442)
24 Mar 1437 - 18 Dec 1442  Tommaso Campofregoso (3rd time)        (s.a.)
19 Dec 1442 - 28 Jan 1443  Eight Captains of Liberty
                           - Raffaelo Adorno                      (b. 1375 - d. 1458)
                           - Gioanne Antonio di Flisco Cavaliero
                           - Paolo di Albaro
                           - Andalo Maruffo
                           - Lamba Doria
                           - Battista Spinola
                           - Meliaduce Salvago
                           - Domenico Ricio di Bargaglio
28 Jan 1443 -  4 Jan 1447  Raffaele Adorno                        (s.a.)
 4 Jan 1447 - 30 Jan 1447  Barnaba Adorno                         (b. 1385 - d. 1459)
30 Jan 1447 - 16 Dec 1448  Giano I di Campofregoso                (b. 1405 - d. 1448)
16 Dec 1448 -  4 Sep 1450  Lodovico di Campofregoso (1st time)    (b. 1415 - d. 1489)
 8 Sep 1450 - 11 May 1458  Pietro II di Campofregoso              (b. 1417 - d. 1459)
French governors
11 May 1458 - 11 Sep? 1459 Jean d'Anjou, duc de Calabre et        (b. 1425 - d. 1470)
                             de Lorraine 
11 Sep? 1459 -  9 Mar 1461 Louis de Laval, seigneur de Chastillon (b. 1411 - d. 1489)
Doges
 9 Mar 1461 - 12 Mar 1461  Eight Captains of the Craftsmen
12 Mar 1461 -  3 Jul 1461  Prospero Adorno (1st time)             (b. 1428 - d. 1485)
 3 Jul 1461 - 14 Jul 1461  Spinetta di Campofregoso               (b. 1400 - d. 1467)
24 Jul 1461 - 14 May 1462  Lodovico di Campofregoso (2nd time)    (s.a.)
14 May 1462 - 31 May 1462  Paolo Fregoso, arcivescovo di Genova   (b. 1427 - d. 1498)
                             (1st time)
31 May 1462 -  8 Jun 1462  Four Captains of the Craftsmen
                           - Simone Cantalupo
                           - Cristoforo Davagna
                           - Domenico Trabuco
                           - Corrado Bozomo
 8 Jun 1462 -  9 Jan 1463  Lodovico di Campofregoso (3rd time)    (s.a.)
 8 Jan 1462 - 19 Apr 1464  Paolo Fregoso, arcivescovo di Genova   (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Lord (Signore di Genova)
19 Apr 1464 -  8 Aug 1478  the duke of Milan
Milan governors
19 Apr 1464 - 18 Sep? 1464 Gaspare da Vimercate                   (b. c.1410 - d. 1467)
28 Sep 1464 - 13 May 1466  Corrado da Fogliano (1st time)         (d. 1470)
May 1464 - Aug? 1466       Baldassarre della Corte
 1 Sep 1466 - 29 Sep 1468  Sagramoro Menclozzo Visconte
 7 Oct 1468 - 22 Aug 1470  Corrado da Fogliano (2nd time)         (s.a.)
23 Aug 1470 - 17 Dec 1470  Giacomo Bovarello
 3 Jan 1471 -  1 Jul 1473  Giovanni Pallavicino
 7 Jul 1473 - 19 Oct 1475  Guido Visconte 
Oct 1475 -  4 Feb 1477     Gian Francesco Pallavicino             (d. 1497)
26 Dec 1476 - 15 Mar 1477  Gian Galeazzo Maria Sforza             (b. 1468 - d. 1494)
20 Mar 1477 - 28 Apr 1477  Eight Defenders of the Fatherland
                           (in opposition to Milanese rule)
                           - Pietro di Maggiolo
                           - Domenico di Promontorio
                           - Luigi di Rivarolo
                           - Bartolomeo Canecia
                           - Niccolò di Marcio
                           - Gregorio di Ovada
                           - Ceva Doria di Bartolomeo
                           - Geronimo Grimaldo
30 Apr 1477 - 1478         Prospero Adorno                        (s.a.)
1478                       Branda Castiglioni
Doges
17 Aug 1478 - 25 Nov 1478  Prospero Adorno (2nd time)             (s.a.)
23 Oct 1478 - 25 Nov 1478  Lodovico di Campofregoso               (s.a.)
                           + Prospero Adorno                      (s.a.)
25 Nov 1478 - 25 Nov 1483  Battista II Fregoso                    (b. 1450 - d. 1504)
25 Nov 1483 - Aug 1487     Paolo Fregoso, arcivescovo di Genova   (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
Lord (Signore di Genova)
23 Aug 1487 - 26 Oct 1499  the duke of Milan
Milan governors
 6 Jan? 1488 - 7 Aug 1488  Paolo Fregoso, arcivescovo di Genova   (s.a.)
 7 Aug 1488 - 13 Sep 1488  Captains of the People (later Reformers of the Republic)
                           - Gioanni Francesco Spinola
                           - Constantino Doria
                           - Francesco Lomellino
                           - Pietro di Persio
                           - Pietro Murchio
                           - .... [6 unknown]
                           - Agostino Adorno (from .... 1488)
                           - Giovanni Adorn  (from .... 1488)
                           - Obietto Fregoso (from ... 1488)
                           - Agostino Fregoso (from ... 1488)
                           - Battista Fregoso (from ... 1488)
13 Sep 1488 - 26 Oct 1499  Agostino Adorno
1494 - 26 Oct 1499         Corrado Stanga -Commissioner
French governors
26 Oct 1499 -  3 Nov 1499  Scipione Barbavara                     (b. c.1442 - d. 1505)
 4 Nov 1499 - 25 Oct 1506  Philippe de Clèves, sieur de           (b. 1459 - d. 1528)
                             Ravenstein et Enghien
Jun 1506 - 12 Mar 1507     Filippo Roccabertin -Lieutenant
Doge
10 Apr 1507 - 28 Apr 1507  Paolo da Novi                          (b. 1440 - d. 1507)
French governors
28 Apr 1507 - May 1507     Philippe de Clèves, sieur de           (s.a.)
                             Ravenstein et Enghien
May 1507 - Oct 1508        Rodolphe de Lanoy, seigneur de         (b. 14.. - d. 1513)
                             Morvilliers et de Foleville
Oct 1508 - 20 Jun 1512     François de Rochechouart de            (b. 1450 - d. 1530)
                             Champdeniers-Saint-Denis
Doges (official style Serenissimo Duce e governatore)
29 Jun 1512 - 25 May 1513  Giano II di Campofregoso               (b. 1455 - d. 1525)
25 May 1513 - 16 Jun 1513  Antoniotto II Adorno -French Governor  (b. 1479 - d. 1528)
18 Jun 1513 - Nov 1515     Ottaviano Fregoso                      (b. 1470 - d. 1524)
20 Nov 1515 -  2 Jun 1522  Ottaviano Fregoso -French Governor     (s.a.)
 2 Jun 1522 - Aug 1527     Antoniotto II Adorno                   (s.a.)
Aug 1527 - 12 Sep 1528     Teodoro Trivulzio -French Governor     (b. 1458 - d. 1531)
12 Sep 1528 - 11 Dec 1528  Twelve Reformers of Freedom
                           - Franco de Flisco (Fieschi)
                           - Battista di Antonio Spinola
                           - Agostino di Pietro Pallavicini
                           - Stefano Giustiniano
                           - Simone Centurione
                           - Agostino di Battista Lomellino
                           - Filippo di Cristoforo Cattaneo
                           - Vincenzo Sauli da Rapallo
                           - Giovanni Battista di Moneglia
                             (or Fornari)
                           - Giovanni de Marino Davagna
                           - Niccolò de Grimaldi Cebà
                           - Gerolamo di Agostino Doria
12 Dec 1528 -  4 Jan 1531  Oberto Cattaneo Lazzari                (b. 1473 - d. 1533)
 4 Jan 1531 -  4 Jan 1533  Battista Spinola                       (b. 1472 - d. 1539)
 4 Jan 1533 -  4 Jan 1535  Battista Lomellini                     (b. 1460 - d. 1540)
 4 Jan 1535 -  4 Jan 1537  Cristoforo Grimaldi Rosso              (b. 1480 - d. 1563) 
 4 Jan 1537 -  4 Jan 1539  Giovanni Battista Doria                (b. 1470 - d. 1563)
 4 Jan 1539 -  4 Jan 1541  Giannandrea Giustiniani Longo          (b. 1494 - d. 1554) 
 4 Jan 1541 -  4 Jan 1543  Leonardo Cattaneo della Volta          (b. 1487 - d. 1572)
 4 Jan 1543 -  4 Jan 1545  Andrea Centurione Pietrasanta          (b. 1471 - d. 1546)
 4 Jan 1545 -  4 Jan 1547  Giovanni Battista De Fornari           (b. 1484 - d. 1560) 
 4 Jan 1547 -  4 Jan 1549  Benedetto Gentile Pevere               (b. 1490 - d. 1555)
 4 Jan 1549 -  4 Jan 1551  Gaspare Grimaldi Bracelli              (b. 1477 - d. 1552)
 4 Jan 1551 -  4 Jan 1553  Luca I Spinola                         (b. 1489 - d. 1579)
 4 Jan 1553 -  4 Jan 1555  Giacomo Promontorio                    (b. 1508 - d. 1578)
 4 Jan 1555 -  4 Jan 1557  Agostino Pinello Ardimenti             (b. 1492 - d. 1566)
 4 Jan 1557 -  3 Dec 1558  Pietro Giovanni Chiavica Cibo          (b. 1481 - d. 1558)
 4 Jan 1559 -  4 Jan 1561  Girolamo Vivaldi                       (b. 1495 - d. 1577)
 4 Jan 1561 - 27 Sep 1561  Paolo Battista Giudice Calvi           (b. 1490 - d. 1561)
 4 Oct 1561 -  4 Oct 1563  Giovanni Battista Cicala Zoaglio       (b. 1484 - d. 1565) 
 7 Oct 1563 -  7 Oct 1565  Giovanni Battista I Lercari            (b. 1505 - d. 1592)
11 Oct 1565 - 11 Oct 1567  Ottavio Gentile Oderico                (b. 1499 - d. 1575)
15 Oct 1567 -  3 Oct 1569  Simone Spinola                         (b. 1497 - d. 1569)
 6 Oct 1569 -  6 Oct 1571  Paolo Giustiniani Moneglia             (b. 1506 - d. 1586) 
10 Oct 1571 - 10 Oct 1573  Gianotto Lomellini                     (b. 1519 - d. 1574)
16 Oct 1573 - 17 Oct 1575  Giacomo Durazzo Grimaldi               (b. 1503 - d. 1579)
17 Oct 1575 - 17 Oct 1577  Prospero Centurione Fattinanti         (b. 1510 - d. 1581)
19 Oct 1577 - 19 Oct 1579  Giovanni Battista Gentile Pignolo      (b. 1525 - d. 1595)
20 Oct 1579 - 20 Oct 1581  Nicolò Doria                           (b. 1525 - d. 1592)
21 Oct 1581 - 21 Oct 1583  Gerolamo I De Franchi Toso             (b. 1522 - d. 1586) 
 4 Nov 1583 -  4 Nov 1585  Gerolamo Chiavari                      (b. 1521 - d. 1586) 
 8 Nov 1585 - 13 Nov 1587  Ambrogio Di Negro                      (b. 1519 - d. 1601)
14 Nov 1587 - 14 Nov 1589  Davide Vacca (Vaccari)                 (b. 1518 - d. 1607) 
20 Nov 1589 - 15 Nov 1591  Battista Negrone                       (b. 1530 - d. 1592)
27 Nov 1591 - 26 Nov 1593  Giovanni Agostino Giustiniani Campi    (b. 1538 - d. 1613) 
27 Nov 1593 - 26 Nov 1595  Antonio Grimaldi Cebà (1st time)       (b. 1520 - d. 1599)
 5 Dec 1595 -  4 Dec 1597  Matteo Senarega                        (b. 1534 - d. 1606)
10 Dec 1597 - 15 Feb 1599  Lazzaro Grimaldi Cebà (2nd time)       (s.a.) 
22 Feb 1599 - 21 Feb 1601  Lorenzo Sauli                          (b. 1535 - d. 1601)
24 Feb 1601 - 25 Feb 1603  Agostino Doria                         (b. 1540 - d. 1607)
26 Feb 1603 - 27 Feb 1605  Pietro De Franchi Sacco                (b. 1545 - d. 1611) 
 1 Mar 1605 -  2 Mar 1607  Luca Grimaldi De Castro                (b. 1645 - d. 1610) 
 3 Mar 1607 - 17 Mar 1607  Silvestro Invrea                       (b. 1530 - d. 1607)
22 Mar 1607 - 23 Mar 1609  Gerolamo Assereto                      (b. 1543 - d. 1627)
 1 Apr 1609 -  2 Apr 1611  Agostino Luciani Pinello               (b. 1537 - d. 1620)
 6 Apr 1611 -  6 Apr 1613  Alessandro Giustiniani Longo           (b. 1554 - d. 1631) 
21 Apr 1613 - 21 Apr 1615  Tomaso Spinola                         (b. 1557 - d. 1631)
23 Apr 1615 - 25 Apr 1617  Bernardo Clavarezza                    (b. 1560 - d. 1627) 
29 Apr 1617 - 29 Apr 1619  Giovanni Giacomo Imperiale Tartaro     (b. 1554 - d. 1622)  
 2 May 1619 -  2 May 1621  Pietro I Durazzo                       (b. 1560 - d. 1631)
 4 May 1621 - 12 Jun 1621  Ambrogio Doria                         (b. 1550 - d. 1621)
22 Jun 1621 - 22 Jun 1623  Giorgio Centurione                     (b. 1553 - d. 1629)
25 Jun 1623 - 16 Jun 1625  Federico De Franchi Toso               (b. 1560 - d. 1630) 
16 Jun 1625 - 25 Jun 1627  Giacomo Lomellini                      (b. 1570 - d. 1652) 
28 Jun 1627 - 28 Jun 1629  Giovanni Luca Chiavari                 (b. 1573 - d. 1657)
28 Jun 1629 - 26 Jun 1631  Andrea Spinola                         (b. 1562 - d. 1641) 
30 Jun 1631 - 30 Jun 1633  Leonardo Della Torre                   (b. 1570 - d. 1651)
 9 Jul 1633 -  5 Jul 1635  Giovanni Stefano Doria                 (b. 1578 - d. 1643) 
11 Jul 1635 - 11 Jul 1637  Giovanni Francesco I Brignole Sale     (b. 1582 - d. 1637) 
13 Jul 1637 - 13 Jul 1639  Agostino Pallavicini                   (b. 1577 - d. 1649) 
28 Jul 1639 - 28 Jul 1641  Giovanni Battista Durazzo              (b. 1565 - d. 1642)
 4 Aug 1641 - 19 Jun 1642  Giovanni Agostino De Marini            (b. 1572 - d. 1642)
 4 Jul 1642 -  4 Jul 1644  Giovanni Battista II Lercari           (b. 1576 - d. 1657)
21 Jul 1644 - 21 Jul 1646  Luca Giustiniani                       (b. 1586 - d. 1651)
24 Jul 1646 - 24 Jul 1648  Giovanni Battista Lomellini            (b. 1597 - d. 1674)
 1 Aug 1648 -  1 Aug 1650  Giacomo De Franchi Toso                (b. 1590 - d. 1650)
23 Aug 1650 - 23 Aug 1652  Agostino Centurione                    (b. 1584 - d. 1657)
 8 Nov 1652 -  8 Sep 1654  Gerolamo II De Franchi Toso            (b. 1590 - d. 1657)
 9 Oct 1654 -  9 Oct 1656  Alessandro Spinola                     (b. 1589 - d. 1676)
12 Oct 1656 - 12 Oct 1658  Giulio Sauli                           (b. 1578 - d. 1688)
15 Oct 1658 - 15 Oct 1660  Giovanni Battista Centurione           (b. 1606 - d. 1692)
28 Oct 1660 - 22 Mar 1661  Gian Bernardo Frugoni                  (b. 1590 - d. 1661)
29 Mar 1661 - 29 Mar 1663  Antoniotto Invrea                      (b. 1588 - d. 1669) 
12 Apr 1663 - 12 Apr 1665  Stefano De Mari                        (b. 1593 - d. 1674)
18 Apr 1665 - 18 Apr 1667  Cesare Durazzo                         (b. 1593 - d. 1680)
10 May 1667 - 10 May 1669  Cesare Gentile                         (b. 1614 - d. 1681)
18 Jun 1669 - 18 Jun 1671  Francesco Garbarino                    (b. 1607 - d. 1672)
27 Jun 1671 - 27 Jun 1673  Alessandro Grimaldi                    (b. 1621 - d. 1683)
 5 Jul 1673 -  4 Jul 1675  Agostino Saluzzo                       (b. 1608 - d. 1700)
11 Jul 1675 - 11 Jul 1677  Antonio Da Passano                     (b. 1599 - d. 1688)
16 Jul 1677 - 16 Jul 1679  Giannettino Odone                      (b. 1626 - d. 1698) 
29 Jul 1679 - 29 Jul 1681  Agostino Spinola                       (b. 1624 - d. 1692)
13 Aug 1681 - 13 Aug 1683  Luca Maria Invrea                      (b. 1624 - d. 1693)
18 Aug 1683 - 18 Aug 1685  Francesco Maria Lercari Imperiale      (b. 1629 - d. 1712) 
23 Aug 1685 - 23 Aug 1687  Pietro II Durazzo                      (b. 1632 - d. 1699)
27 Aug 1687 - 27 Aug 1689  Luca II Spinola                        (b. 1628 - d. 1715)
31 Aug 1689 -  1 Sep 1691  Oberto Della Torre                     (b. 1617 - d. 1698)
 4 Sep 1691 -  5 Sep 1693  Giovanni Battista Cattaneo Della Volta (b. 1638 - d. 1721) 
 9 Sep 1693 -  9 Sep 1695  Francesco Invrea                       (b. 1641 - d. 1723)
16 Sep 1695 - 16 Sep 1697  Bendinelli Negrone                     (b. 1627 - d. 1707)
17 Sep 1697 - 26 May 1699  Francesco Maria Sauli                  (b. 1620 - d. 1699) 
 3 Jun 1699 -  3 Jun 1701  Gerolamo De Mari                       (b. 1644 - d. 1702)
 7 Jun 1701 -  7 Jun 1703  Federico De Franchi Toso               (b. 1640 - d. 1737)
 7 Aug 1703 -  1 Aug 1705  Antonio Grimaldi Cebà                  (b. 1640 - d. 1717)
12 Aug 1705 - 13 Aug 1707  Stefano Onorato Ferretti               (b. 1641 - d. 1720)
 9 Sep 1707 -  9 Sep 1709  Domenico Maria de Mari                 (b. 1653 - d. 1725) 
 9 Sep 1709 - 14 Sep 1711  Vincenzo Durazzo                       (b. 1635 - d. 1712)
17 Sep 1711 - 22 Sep 1713  Francesco Maria Imperiale              (b. 1654 - d. 1737)
22 Dep 1713 - 22 Sep 1715  Giovanni Antonio Giustiniani Campi     (b. 1660 - d. 1735)
26 Sep 1715 - 26 Sep 1717  Lorenzo Centurione Becchignoni         (b. 1645 - d. 1735)
30 Sep 1717 - 30 Sep 1719  Benedetto Viale                        (b. 1660 - d. 1749)
 4 Oct 1719 -  4 Oct 1721  Ambrogio Imperiale Lomellini           (b. 1649 - d. 1729)
 8 Oct 1721 -  8 Oct 1723  Cesare De Franchi Toso                 (b. 1666 - d. 1739)
13 Oct 1723 - 13 Oct 1725  Domenico Negrone                       (b. 1672 - d. 1736)
18 Jan 1726 - 18 Jan 1728  Gerolamo Veneroso                      (b. 1660 - d. 1749)
22 Jan 1728 - 22 Jan 1530  Luca Grimaldi                          (b. 1675 - d. 1750)
25 Jan 1730 - 26 Jan 1732  Francesco Maria Balbi                  (b. 1671 - d. 1747)
29 Jan 1732 - 29 Jan 1734  Domenico Maria Spinola                 (b. 1666 - d. 1743)
 3 Feb 1734 -  3 Feb 1736  Giovanni Stefano Durazzo               (b. 1668 - d. 1744)
 7 Feb 1736 -  7 Feb 1738  Niccolò Cattaneo Della Volta           (b. 1679 - d. 1751)
11 Feb 1738 - 11 May 1739  Costantino Balbi                       (b. 1676 - d. 1741)
16 Feb 1740 - 16 Feb 1742  Niccolò Spinola                        (b. 1678 - d. 1743)
20 Feb 1742 - 20 Feb 1744  Domenico Maria Canevaro                (b. 1683 - d. 1745)
27 Feb 1744 -  1 Mar 1746  Lorenzo De Mari                        (b. 1685 - d. 1772)
 3 Mar 1746 -  4 Mar 1748  Giovanni Francesco II Brignol Sale     (b. 1695 - d. 1760)
 7 Sep 1746 -  5 Dec 1746  Antoniotto Botta Adorno                (b. 1688 - d. 1774)
                             (Austrian governor)
 6 Mar 1748 -  6 Mar 1750  Cesare Cattaneo Della Volta            (b. 1680 - d. 1756)
10 Mar 1750 - 10 Mar 1752  Agostino Viale                         (b. 1692 - d. 1777)
28 Mar 1752 -  3 Jun 1752  Stefano Lomellini                      (b. 1683 - d. 1753)
 7 Jun 1752 -  7 Jun 1754  Giovanni Battista Grimaldi             (b. 1678 - d. 1757)
11 Jun 1754 - 16 May 1756  Giovanni Giacomo Stefano Veneroso      (b. 1701 - d. 1758)
22 Jun 1756 - 22 Jun 1758  Giovanni Giacomo Grimaldi              (b. 1705 - d. 1777)
22 Aug 1758 - 22 Aug 1760  Giovanni Matteo Francesco Maria        (b. 1680 - d. 1767)
                             Franzoni 
10 Sep 1760 - 10 Sep 1762  Agostino Lomellini                     (b. 1709 - d. 1791)
25 Nov 1762 - 25 Nov 1764  Rodolfo Emilio Maria Brignole Sale     (b. 1708 - d. 1774)
29 Jan 1765 - 29 Jan 1767  Francesco Maria Gaetano Della Rovere   (b. 1695 - d. 1768)
 3 Feb 1767 -  3 Feb 1769  Marcello Giuseppe Durazzo              (b. 1710 - d. 1791)
16 Feb 1769 - 26 Jan 1771  Giovanni Battista Negrone              (b. 1695 - d. 1771)
16 Apr 1771 - 21 Dec 1772  Giovanni Battista Cambiaso             (b. 1711 - d. 1772)
 7 Jan 1773 - 12 Jan 1773  Ferdinando Spinola                     (b. 1694 - d. 1778)
26 Jan 1773 - 26 Jan 1775  Alessandro Piero Francesco Grimaldi    (b. 1715 - d. 1791)
31 Jan 1775 - 31 Jan 1777  Fabrizio "Brizio" Giustiniani Banca    (b. 1713 - d. 1778)
 4 Feb 1777 -  4 Feb 1779  Giuseppe Lomellini                     (b. 1723 - d. 1803)
 4 Mar 1779 -  4 Mar 1781  Giacomo Maria Brignole (1st time)      (b. 1724 - d. 1801)
 8 Mar 1781 -  8 Mar 1783  Marco Antonio Gentile                  (b. 1723 - d. 1798)
 6 May 1783 -  6 May 1785  Giovanni Battista Airoli               (b. 1731 - d. 1808)
 6 Jun 1785 -  6 Jun 1787  Giovanni Carlo Pallavicini             (b. 1722 - d. 1794)
 4 Jul 1787 -  4 Jul 1789  Raffaele De Ferrari Rodino             (b. 1732 - d. 1801)
30 Jul 1789 - 30 Jul 1791  Alerame Maria Pallavicini              (b. 1730 - d. 1805)
 3 Sep 1791 -  3 Sep 1793  Michelangelo Agostino Cambiaso         (b. 1738 - d. 1813)
16 Sep 1793 - 30 Sep 1795  Giuseppe Maria Doria, duca di          (b. 1730 - d. 1816) 
                             Massanova
17 Nov 1795 - 14 Jun 1797  Giacomo Maria Brignole (2nd time)      (s.a.)
President Doge
14 Jun 1797 - 29 Jun 1797  Giacomo Maria Brignole                 (s.a.)
President of the Provisional Government
29 Jun 1797 - 17 Jan 1798  Giacomo Maria Brignole                 (s.a.)
President of the Provisional Executive Power
17 Jan 1798 - 24 Jan 1798  Luigi Domenico Gaetano Carbonara       (b. 1753 - d. 1826)
Presidents of the Executive Directory
24 Jan 1798 - 23 Mar 1798  Luigi Emanuele Corvetto (1st time)     (b. 1756 - d. 1821)
24 Mar 1798 - 23 May 1798  Nicolò Littardi (1st time)             (b. 1748 - d. 1820)
24 May 1798 - 23 Jul 1798  Paolo Costa (1st time) 
24 Jul 1798 - 23 Sep 1798  Agostino Maglione (1st time)           (b. 1744 - d. 1819)
24 Sep 1798 - 23 Nov 1798  Giorgio Ambrogio Molfino
24 Nov 1798 - 23 Jan 1799  Luigi Emanuele Corvetto (2nd time)     (s.a.)
24 Jan 1799 - 23 Mar 1799  Nicolò Littardi (2nd time)             (s.a.)
24 Mar 1799 - 23 May 1799  Paolo Costa (2nd time)
24 May 1799 -  7 Jul 1799  Agostino Maglione (2nd time)           (s.a.)
 7 Jul 1799 - 31 Jul 1799  Giovanni Battista Rossi 
 1 Aug 1799 - 30 Sep 1799  Francesco Massucone
 1 Oct 1799 - 30 Nov 1799  Pietro Ferreri                         (b. 1758 - d. 18..)
 1 Dec 1799 -  7 Dec 1799  Luigi Alessandro Lupi                  (b. 1752 - d. 1804)
 8 Dec 1799 - 31 Mar 1800  Commission of Government 
                           - Francesco Maria Boselli
                              (to Dec 1799)                       (b. 1768 - d. 1826)
                           - Emanuele Montebruno (to Dec 1799)
                           - Giuseppe Assereto (to Jan 1800)
                           - Domenico Mongiardini (to Jan 1800)
                           - Giuseppe Cambiaso (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Giovanni Battista Tanlongo 
                             (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Michelangelo Agostino Cambiaso       (s.a.)
                             (1st time) (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Girolamo Luigi Francesco Durazzo     (b. 1739 - d. 1809)
                             (1st time) (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Luigi Emanuele Corvetto              (s.a.)
                             (1st time) (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Emanuele Balbi (to Feb 1800)
                           - Schiaffino (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Luigi Marchello (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Domenico Straforello (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Francesco Maria Ruzza (1st time)
                           - Giuseppe Bollo (1st time)
                           - Domenico Rivarola (1st time)
31 Mar 1800 -  4 Jun 1800  Commission of Government
                           - Michelangelo Agostino Cambiaso       (s.a.)
                              (2nd time)
                           - Luigi Emanuele Corvetto (2nd time)   (s.a.)
                           - Emanuele Guecco (1st time)
                           - Girolamo Luigi Francesco Durazzo     (s.a.)
                              (2nd time)
                           - Giuseppe Bollo (2nd time)
                           - Francesco Maria Ruzza (2nd time)
                           - Stefano Emanuele Sommariva 
                              (1st time)
                           - Antonio Boccardo (1st time)
                           - Domenico Rivarola (2nd time)
                           - Giuliano Arena (1st time)
General Commander of the City of Genoa and its Riviera
 6 Jun 1800 - 24 Jun 1800  Friedrich Franz Xaver von Hohenzollern (b. 1757 - d. 1844)  Mil
                             -Hechingen (Austria)
 6 Jun 1800 - 24 Jun 1800  Provisional Imperial and Royal Regency
                           - Pietro Paolo Celesia
                           - Carlo Cambiaso
                           - Agostino Spinola
                           - Giovanni Bernardo Pallavicini
                           - Francesco Spinola
                           - Luigi Lambruschini                   (b. 1776 - d. 1854)
24 Jun 1800 - 27 Jun 1800  Deputation of Government
                           - Antonio Boccardo (2nd time)
                           - Giuseppe Bollo (3rd time)
                           - Andrea Badarò
27 Jun 1800 -  2 Jul 1800  Commission of Government
                           - Emanuele Guecco (2nd time)
                           - Girolamo Luigi Francesco Durazzo     (s.a.)
                              (3rd time)
                           - Giuseppe Bollo (4th time)
                           - Stefano Emanuele Sommariva (2nd time)
                           - Antonio Boccardo (3rd time)
                           - Domenico Rivarola (3rd time)
                           - Giuliano Arena (2nd time) 
 2 Jul 1800 - 10 Aug 1802  Extraordinary Commission of Government
                           - Giovanni Battista Rossi
                           - Agostino Maglione (to 1800)          (s.a.)
                           - Giuseppe Fravega (1800-1801)         (b. 1766 - d. 1833)
                           - Tommaso Langlade (from 1801)
                           - Agostino Pareto
                           - Girolamo Francesco Luciano Serra     (b. 1761 - d. 1837)
                           - Antonio Mongiardini
                           - Luigi Domenico Gaetano Carbonara     (s.a.)
                           - Luigi Alessandro Lupi (to 1801)      (s.a.)
                           - Giuseppe de Ambrosis (from 1801)     (b. 1755 - d. 1847)
Doge of the Republic
10 Aug 1802 -  4 Jun 1805  Girolamo Luigi Francesco Durazzo       (s.a.)
                             (nominated by Napoléon Bonaparte on 30 Jul 1802)
Governor-general of Liguria
 4 Jun 1805 - Jun 1806     Charles François Lebrun                (b. 1737 - d. 1824)
Prefects of Apennins département
 8 Oct 1805 - 1810         Jean-André Louis Rolland de            (b. 1764 - d. 1849)
                             Villarceaux
30 Nov 1810 - 1814         Maurice Jean Duval, dit Maruice        (b. 1778 - d. 1861)
                             Duval
Prefects of Gênes département
 8 Oct 1805 -  2 Feb 1806  Jean Xavier Bureaux de Puzy            (b. 1750 - d. 1806)
13 Mar 1806 - 11 Feb 1809  Marie-Just-Antoine de La Rivoire,      (b. 1751 - d. 1819)
                             marquis de La Tourette
11 Feb 1809 - 1814         Marc Antoine Bourdon de Vatry          (b. 1761 - d. 1828)
Prefects of Montenotte département
 8 Oct 1805 - 1806         Hugues Eugène Nardon                   (b. 1768 - d. 1812)
31 Jan 1806 - 23 Déc 1812  Gilbert Joseph Gaspard de Chabrol      (b. 1773 - d. 1843)
                             de Volvic (from 17 May 1810, baron
                             de Chabrol de Volvic)
12 Mar 1813 - 1814         Antoine Jean Louis François Ignace,    (b. 1786 - d. 1863) 
                             comte de Brignole-Sale
British Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean
20 Apr 1814 - 26 Apr 1814  William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck,      (b. 1774 - d. 1839)
                             Lord Bentinck (U.K.)
President of the Provisional Government of the States of Genoa
26 Apr 1814 - 26 Dec 1814  Girolamo Francesco Luciano Serra       (s.a.)
Provisional Military Administrator
26 Dec 1814 -  7 Jan 1815  William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck,      (s.a.)
                             Lord Bentinck (U.K.)
President of the Provisional Government (in rebellion)
 2 Apr 1849 - 11 Apr 1849  Giuseppe Avezzana                      (b. 1797 - d. 1879)

French Plenipotentiary
Mar 1802 - Jun 1805        Cristoforo Salicetti                   (b. 1757 - d. 1809)

Gorizia (Görz): under Austria crownlands

---

Guastalla

Map of Guastalla

Capital: Guastalla (Guastàla)

Population: 18,000 (1814), 15,000 (1700)

11.. - 1307                Part of Cremona.
1307 - 11 Nov 1344         Part of Parma.
24 Oct 1344                Parma sold to Modena, but Guastalla (Guardastallum) is retained with
                             ruling family moves to Correggio (effective 11 Nov 1344).
11 Nov 1344 - Nov 1346     Part of Correggio.
Nov 1346 - 29 Jul 1402     Part of Duchy of Milan (by peace treaty of 22 Sep 1346).
17 Jul 1347                Given to Giovanni, Ghiberto and Azzo da Correggio (not effected).
29 Jul 1402                Given to Ottobuono Terzi by the Duke of Milan.
 3 Oct 1406                Guido di Marsilio di Torelli made Lord of Guastalla and
                             Montechiarugolo by the Duke of Milan.
 3 Oct 1406 -  3 Oct 1539  Under Torelli dynasty.
 6 Jul 1428                Separated from Cremona and raised to county (County of Guastalla)
                             (Comitatus Guardastallum/Contea di Guastalla).
12 Oct 1456                Separation of Montechiarugolo from Guastalla.
28 Jul 1475 -  8 Oct 1476  Confiscated by Milan.
12 Oct 1539                Sold to Ferrante Gonzaga.
12 Oct 1539 - 13 Jan 1678  Under Gonzaga dynasty.
 2 Jul 1621                Duchy of Guastalla (Ducato di Guastalla).
13 Jan 1678 -  4 May 1692  Administered by Mantua.
11 Aug 1692                Restored to the Gonzaga dynasty.
30 Aug 1702 -  6 Dec 1706  Occupied by France (administered from Modena).
16 Aug 1746                Family extinct, Guastalla reverts to Austria.
16 Aug 1746 - 18 Oct 1748  Occupied by Austria (administered from Parma).
18 Oct 1748                Guastalla, along with Parma and Piacenza, given to
                             the Borbone family (by Austria-Spain treaty).
13 Feb 1749 - 1802         Personal union with Parma.
 9 Oct 1802                French occupation (administered from Parma).
30 Mar 1806                Duchy of Guastalla (Ducato di Guastalla/Duché de Guastalla)
                             (under French rule).
24 May 1806 -  6 Jun 1814  Annexed to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy (see Lombardy).
 6 Jun 1814                Duchy of Guastalla (Ducato di Guastalla) in personal union
                             with Parma until 8 Jan 1848, then from 8 Jan 1848 with Modena).
16 Jun 1848 - 10 Aug 1848  Administered by Sardinia-Piedmont.
20 Aug 1859                Annexed to Sardinia-Piedmont.

Lords (title Signore di Guastalla; from 1406, Signore di Guastalla e Montechiarugolo)
29 Jul 1402 -  3 Oct 1406  Ottobuono (Ottone) di Nicolò Terzi       (b. 135. - d. 1409)
 3 Oct 1406 –  6 Jul 1428  Guido di Marsilio di Torelli             (b. 1379 – d. 1449)
Counts (title Conte di Guastalla e Montechiarugolo; from 12 Oct 1456, Conte di Guastalla)
 6 Jul 1428 –  8 Jul 1449  Guido Torelli "il Grande"                (s.a.)
 8 Jul 1449 – 12 Oct 1456  Cristoforo Torelli                       (b. 140. - d. 1460)
                           - jointly with -
 8 Jul 1449 – 18 Apr 1460  Pietroguido I (Pietro Guido I) Torelli   (b. 141. - d. 1460)
18 Apr 1460 – 28 Jul 1475  Francesco Maria Torelli (1st time)       (b. 145. - d. 1486)
                           - jointly with -
18 Apr 1460 – 28 Jul 1475  Guidogaleotto (Guido Galeotto) Torelli   (b. 145. - d. 15..)
                             (1st time)
18 Apr 1460 - 1474         Maddalena del Caretto (f) -Regent        (b. 1430 - d. 1496)
28 Jul 1475 -  8 Oct 1476  confiscated by Milan
Jul 1475 - 1476            Jacopo di Govenzate -Milanese Commissioner 
 8 Oct 1476 -  8 Oct 1479  Guidogaleotto Torelli (2nd time)         (s.a.)
 8 Oct 1479 - Feb 1486     Francesco Maria Torelli (2nd time)       (s.a.)
Feb 1486 – 10 Aug 1494     Pietroguido II (Pietro Guido II) Torelli (b. 147. - d. 1494)
11 Aug 1494 –  1 Dec 1522  Achille Torelli                          (b. 147. - d. 1522)
 1 Dec 1522 – 12 Oct 1539  Lodovica Torelli (f) -Countess           (b. 1499 – d. 1569)
12 Oct 1539 – 15 Nov 1557  Ferrante I di Gonzaga                    (b. 1507 – d. 1557)
15 Nov 1557 – 17 Feb 1575  Cesare I Gonzaga                         (b. 1530 – d. 1575)
17 Feb 1575 –  2 Jul 1621  Ferrante II Gonzaga                      (b. 1563 – d. 1630)
17 Feb 1575 -  6 Sep 1583  Camilla Borromeo (f) -Regent             (b. c.1540 - d. 1583)
Dukes (title Duca di Guastalla)
 2 Jul 1621 -  5 Aug 1630  Ferrante II Gonzaga                      (s.a.)
 5 Aug 1630 - 26 Feb 1632  Cesare II Gonzaga                        (b. 1592 - d. 1632)
26 Feb 1632 - 11 Jan 1678  Ferrante III Gonzaga                     (b. 1618 - d. 1678)
11 Jan 1678 -  4 May 1692  administered by Manuta
Governors of Mantua
Jan? 1678 - 1679           Baldassare, marchese Castiglione
1679 - Aug 1692            Margherita d'Este (f)                    (b. 1619 - d. 1692)
Dukes (title Duca di Guastalla)
 4 May 1692 - 30 Aug 1702  Vincenzo Gonzaga (1st time)              (b. 1634 - d. 1714)
                             (arrived 11 Aug 1692)
30 Aug 1702 -  6 Dec 1706  French occupation
Sep 1702 - 1705            Cesare, conte Ardizzoni -Governor
1705 - 1706                Persio, conte Caracci -Governor
 6 Dec 1706 - 27 Apr 1714  Vincenzo Gonzaga (2nd time)              (s.a.)
27 Apr 1714 - 19 Apr 1729  Antonio Ferdinando Gonzaga               (b. 1687 - d. 1729)
19 Apr 1729 - 16 Aug 1746  Giuseppe Maria Gonzaga                   (b. 1690 - d. 1746)
16 Aug 1746 - 13 Feb 1749  Austrian occupation
13 Feb 1749 -  9 Oct 1802  the dukes of Parma 
 9 Oct 1802 - 30 Mar 1806  French occupation
Princess and Duchess
30 Mar 1806 - 24 May 1806  Paolina (= Pauline Bonaparte)            (b. 1780 - d. 1825)
24 May 1806 -  6 Jun 1814  part of Kingdom of Italy 
Dukes/Duchesses
 6 Jun 1814 -  8 Jan 1848  the dukes/duchesses of Parma
 8 Jan 1848 - 16 Jun 1848  the duke of Modena
President of the Provisional Government
16 Jun 1848 - Jun 1848     the president of the Provisional
                           Government of Modena
Sardinian Administrator
Jun 1848 - Aug 1848        the extraordinary commissioner of Modena
Duke
 8 Aug 1848 - 11 Jun 1859  the duke of Modena

---

Liguria: see Genoa

---

Locarno: see under Swiss Territories

---

Lombardy (Milan)
 

12.. - 1277; 1302 - 1311	1277-1302, 1311-1327, 1329 - 1395	1329 - 1395, 1402 - 1447, 1450 - 1499, 1512 - 1515, 1529 - 1540
1395 - 1402	14 Aug 1447 - 25 Mar 1450	1765 - 9 May 1796; 1799 - 29 Apr 1800
15 May 1796 - 17 Jan 1797 Transpadane Republic	17 Jan 1797 - 9 Jul 1797 Cispadane Republic	11 May 1798 - 20 Aug 1802 Cisalpine Republic; 22 Mar 1848 - 8 Jun 1848  Lombardy
20 Aug 1802 - 28 Apr 1814 Italian Republic/Kingdom	Mar/Apr 1805 - 28 Apr 1814 Kingdom of Italy War Ensign	1814 - Mar 1848; Aug 1848 - Nov 1859
c.1859 (Possible) Lombardy Land Colors

Map of Duchy of Milan and Cisalpine Republic	Map of Lombardy-Venetia	National Anthem	Constitutions (in Italian) Cisalpine: (1798 - 27 Aug 1800;  7 Oct 1801-1802) Kingdom of Italy: (1805 -1810)
Capital: Milan (Milano)	Currency: 1815-1859 Italian States Lira Austriaca (XITA);1805-1815/22 Napoleonic Lira (XITL); 1474-1805 Italian States Lira (Scudo)(XITL)	National Holiday: N/A	Population: 2,865,518 (1857, Lombardy);   5,159,247 (1857, Lombardy-Venetia); 6,700,000 (1813, Kingdom of Italy); 1,154,000 (1790, Duchy of Milan)
Military Force: 45,000 (1813)	GDP: N/A	Ethnic groups: Italian almost 100% (1851)	Religions: Roman Catholic almost 100% (1851)

 

222 BC - 476 AD            Part of the Roman Empire.

286 - 402                  Mediolanum (Milan) capital of the (Western) Roman Empire.

452                        Destruction of Mediolanum by Attila the Hun.

476 - 493                  Under rule by Odovacar (Odovacer).

Apr 538 - Feb/Mar 539      Eastern Roman (Byzantine) occupy of Mediolanum.

Feb/Mar 539                Goths sack Mediolanum.

539 - 553                  Ostrogothic rule.

553 - Sep 569              Eastern Roman (Byzantine) rule.

Sep 569 - Jun 774          Part of the Kingdom of the Lombards (Langobards).

Jun 774                    Frankish rule.

Jul 817                    Part of the Kingdom of Italy (as County of Milan

                             [Comitatus Mediolani]).

979 - 1042                 Archbishops of Milan governors of Milan.

1042 - 1044                Lanzone della Corte as captain.

16 Jan 1045                Milan a free commune (Communi Mediolani).

1075 - 1162                Under temporal authority of Archbishops of Milan.

 6 Mar 1162 - 1176         Imperial rule (largely destroyed Mar 1162).

1176                       Milan a free commune (restored).

1186                       Milan a free imperial city.

May 1259                   Lordship of Milan (Dominium Mediolani).

May 1259 - 21 Jan 1277     Della Tore dynasty rule (and Jun 1302 - Jul 1311).

21 Jan 1277 - 13 Aug 1447  Visconti dynasty rule (except for Jun 1302 - Jul 1311).

 5 Jul 1327 - 23 Sep 1329  Imperial rule.

1332                       Bergamo (taken by Venice 1424) and Novara annexed.

1334 - 1499                Cremona annexed (taken by Venice 1499).

1335 - 1454                Crema annexed (taken by Venice 1454).

1337 - 1426                Brescia annexed (taken by Venice 1426).

13 Nov 1359                Pavia annexed.

1387 - 1405                Verona annexed (taken by Venice 1405).

 1 May 1395                Duchy of Milan (Ducatus Mediolani), under the Visconti dynasty.

13 Oct 1396                Ducal dignity extended to all Visconti holdings, Pavia made

                             a county (by imperial diploma).

 3 Sep 1402                Internal division (Contea di Pavia: including lordships of

                             Tortona, Alessandria, Novara, Vercelli, Casale, Valenza, 

                             Verona, Vicenza, Feltre, Belluno, Cividale and Bassano).

1416                       Como Lordship annexed.

14 Aug 1447                Ambrosian Republic (Respublica Ambrosiana/Repubblica Ambrosiana)

22 Mar 1450                Duchy of Milan (Ducato di Milano)(restored); under the Sforza

                             dynasty (to 1535).

 6 Sep 1499 -  6 Feb 1500  French occupation (castello di Milano capitulates 17 Sep 1499).

 6 Feb 1500                Sforza are restored, French forces withdrawn. 

 9 Apr 1500 - 20 Jun 1512  French occupation (duke captured 10 Apr 1500, Milan occupied

                             on 14 Apr 1500).

20 Jun 1512 - 29 Dec 1512  Allied (Holy League) occupation.

29 Dec 1512                Sforza rule restored.

19 Nov 1513                French forces in castello di Milano capitulate (Cremona on

                             17 Nov 1513).

 5 Oct 1515 - 19 Nov 1521  French occupation.

19 Nov 1521                Sforza are restored by Papal intervention (castello di Milano

                             evacuated by French forces on 15 Apr 1523).

 3 Oct 1524                Duke is exiled.

23 Oct 1524 - 26 Feb 1525  French occupation.

26 Feb 1525 - 23 Dec 1529  Spanish occupation (castello di Milano capitulates on

                             24 Jul 1526, the duke continues to resist in Cremona).

23 Dec 1529                Sforza restored (by Imperial, Papal, Venetian, Milan, Parma and

                             Manuta peace treaty).

 6 Feb 1531                Spanish forces withdrawn from the castello di Milano.

19 Nov 1535                Sforza dynasty extinct.

19 Nov 1535 - 11 Oct 1540  Imperial rule.

11 Oct 1540                Emperor Karl V bestowed Milan to his son Felipe of Castile.

16 Jan 1556 - 11 Oct 1698  Under Spanish rule (Ducado de Milán/Ducato di Milano).

11 Oct 1698 - 26 Sep 1706  French occupation.

26 Sep 1706 -  6 Oct 1796  Under Austrian rule (confirmed by Treaty of Rastatt 7 Mar 1714)

                             (Herzogtum Mailand/Ducato di Milano).

13 Mar 1707                Mantua and Lombardy formally ceded to Austria by Spain.

 4 Nov 1733 -  7 Sep 1736  Franco-Sardinian occupation.

16 Dec 1745 - 19 Mar 1746  Franco-Spanish occupation.

 9 May 1796                French occupation.

15 May 1796                Lombard Republic (Repubblica Lombarda/République Lombarde).

15 Nov 1796                Transpadane Republic (Repubblica Transpadana/République Transpadane)

                             (including Lombardy, Mantua, and western part of Venetia); under

                             French rule.

16 Apr 1797 - 12 May 1797  Re-occupied by Austria.

29 Jun 1797                Cispadane (see Modena) and Transpadane Republics united as the

                             Cisalpine Republic (Repubblica Cisalpina/République Cisalpine).

28 Apr 1799                Duchy of Milan (restored by Austria).

29 Apr 1800                Cisalpine Republic (restored by France).

26 Jun 1802                Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana)(composed of Lombardy and

                             Emilia-Romagna), with French First Consul Napoléon Bonaparte as

                             President.

17 Mar 1805                Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia)(Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna,

                             Venetia, and Dalmatia), with Napoléon I, Emperor of the French

                             as King of Italy.

 3 Mar 1810                Dalmatia annexed by France, Tyrol annexed to Kingdom of Italy.

28 Apr 1814                Occupied by Austria, Kingdom of Italy abolished.

23 Apr 1814 - 12 Jun 1814  Allied occupation of the Kingdom of Italy.

30 May 1814                Formal restoration of the independent Italian states by the Treaty
                             of Paris, Article II "Italy "shall be composed of sovereign states

                             beyond the limits of the countries which are to revert to Austria."

12 Jun 1814                The territories of Lombardy, Mantua, Brescia, Bergamo and Crema are

                             declared part of the Empire of Austria under the terms of the

                             treaty of Paris of 30 May 1814 

 7 Apr 1815                Component, with Venetia, of Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom
                             (Königreich Lombardo-Venetien = Regno Lombardo-Veneto) under
                             the Emperor of Austria.

18 Mar 1848                Anti-Austrian unrest launched, on 22 Mar 1848 Austrian officials

                             having withdrawn, a provisional government takes power.

26 Mar 1848                Sardinia-Piedmont intervention.
 8 Apr 1848 -  6 Aug 1848  Provisional Central Government of Lombardy (Governo provvisorio

                             centrale di Lombardia).

29 May 1848                Lombardy votes in plebiscite to join Sardinia-Piedmont.

 6 Aug 1848                Austrian rule restored (as part of Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom)), from

                             1851 as Crownland of Lombardy within Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom.

20 May 1859                Invasion by pro-Italian volunteers under Giuseppe Garibaldi

                             (b. 1807 - d. 1882); Como is occupied on 27 May 1859.

 3 Jun 1859                French and Sardinia-Piedmont forces invade Lombardy,

                             occupying Milan on 8 Jun 1859.

 8 Jul 1859                Lombardy to be ceded to France, from which in turn to Sardinia-

                             Piedmont by armistice (ratified 11 Jul 1859).

10 Nov 1859                Lombardy ceded to France by Austria and in turn ceded by

                             France to Sardinia-Piedmont (ratified 21 Nov 1859). 

30 Nov 1859                Incorporated into Sardinia-Piedmont.

18 Mar 1861                Part of the Kingdom of Italy. 

French Governors
Jul 1495 - 27 Jul 1497     Jean de Foix et Navarre            (b. 1450 - d. 1500)
 6 Oct 1499 -  2 Feb 1500  Gian Giacomo Trivulzio             (b. 1440 - d. 1518)
10 Apr 1500 - 11 Feb 1511  Charles II d'Amboise               (b. 1473 - d. 1511)
25 Jun 1511 - 11 Apr 1512  Gaston de Foix-Nemours             (b. 1489 - d. 1512)
1515 - Mar 1516            Charles III, duc de Bourbon        (b. 1490 - d. 1527)
Mar 1516 - Apr 1522        Odet de Foix, vicomte de Lautrec   (b. c.1483 - d. 1528)
15 Sep 1524 - Dec 1524     Michele Antonio di Saluzzo         (b. 1495 - d. 1528)
Dec 1524 - 24 Feb 1525     Teodoro Trivulzio                  (b. 1458 - d. 1532)
Governors
Dec 1525 - 1526            Giovan Francesco Visconti
                           + Alessandro Bentivoglio           (b. 1474 - d. 1532)
 6 Jul 1526 - 21 May 1527  Charles III, duc de Bourbon        (b. 1490 - d. 1527)
21 May 1527 -  4 Jan 1530  Ludovico di Belgioioso             (b. 1488 - d. 1530)
26 Feb 1525 - 1527         ....
                           (commander-in-chief of Imperial army in Duchy of Milan)
1527 - 15 Oct 1529         Antonio de Leyva, príncipe de      (b. 1480 - d. 1536)
                             Áscoli, marqués de Stela, conde
                             de Monza
                           (commander-in-chief of Imperial army in Duchy of Milan)
14 Jan 1530 - 21 Nov 1532  Alessandro Bentivoglio             (s.a.)
Imperial Lieutenant-generals
Nov 1535 -  7 Sep 1536     Antonio de Leyva, príncipe de      (s.a.)
                             Áscoli, marqués de Stela, conde
                             de Monza (acting to 6 Dec 1535)
Sep 1536 - 28 Jan 1538     Marino cardenal Caracciolo         (b. 1468 - d. 1538)
Feb 1538 - 11 Oct 1540     Alfonso de Ávalos y de Aquino,     (b. 1502 - d. 1546)
                             marqués de Pescara y marqués
                             del Vasto
Spanish (to 16 Jan 1556, Castilian) Lieutenant-generals
11 Oct 1540 - 31 Mar 1546  Alfonso de Ávalos y de Aquino,     (s.a.)
                             marqués del Vasto
Apr 1546 - Oct 1546        Álvaro de Luna (interim)
Oct 1546 - Mar 1555        Fernando Gonzaga, príncipe de      (b. 1507 - d. 1557)
                             Molfetta
Mar 1555 - Jun 1555        Francesco Taverna, conte di        (b. 1488 - d. 1560)
                             Landriano
                           + Gómez Suárez de Figueroa y       (b. 1523 – d. 1571)
                              Córdoba, conde de Feria
                           (acting)
Jun 1555 - Dec 1556        Fernando Álvarez de Toledo,        (b. 1507 - d. 1582)
                             duque de Alba de Tormes
Dec 1556 - Aug 1557        Cristoforo Madruzzo, cardenal      (b. 1512 - d. 1578)
                             y obispo de Trento
Aug 1557 - Jul 1558        Juan Rodríguez de Figueroa         (b. 1490 - d. 1565)
                             (interim)
Jul 1558 - Feb 1560        Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba,      (b. 1520/21 - d. 1578)
                             duque de Sessa (1st time)
Feb 1560 - Mar 1563        Francisco Fernando de Ávalos,      (b. c.1530 - d. 1571)
                             marqués de Pescara e Vasto
Mar 1563 - Apr 1564        Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba,      (s.a.)
                             duque de Sessa (2nd time)
Apr 1564 - 1571            Gabriel de la Cueva y Girón,       (b. 1515 - d. 1571)
                             duque de Alburquerque
Aug 1571 - Sep 1571        Juan Alonso Pimentel de Herrera    (b. 1553 - d. 1621)
                             (interim)
Sep 1571 - Apr 1572        Álvaro de Sande, marqués de        (b. 1489 - d. 1573)
                             Piovera (interim)
Apr 1572 - Sep 1573        Luis de Zúñiga y Requesens         (b. 1528 - d. 1576)
Sep 1573 - Jul 1580        Antonio de Zúñiga Guzmán y         (b. c.1524 - d. 1583)
                             Sotomayor, marqués de Ayamonte
Jul 1580 - Mar 1583        Sancho de Guevara y Padilla        (d. 1585)
Mar 1583 - Dec 1592        Carlos de Aragón y Tagliavia,      (b. 1530 - d. 1599)
                             duque de Terranova
Dec 1592 - Mar 1595        Juan Fernández de Velasco y Tovar, (b. c.1550 - d. 1613)
                             duque de Frías (1st time)
Mar 1595 - Nov 1595        Pedro de Padilla, castellano de    (b. 1540 - d. 1599)
                             Milán (interim)
Nov 1595 - Oct 1600        Juan Fernández de Velasco y Tovar, (s.a.)
                             duque de Frías (2nd time)
Oct 1600 - 22 Jul 1610     Pedro Enríquez de Acevedo, conde   (b. 1525 - d. 1610)
                             de Fuentes
Jul 1610 - Dec 1610        Diego de Portugal y Pimentel,      (b. 1559 - d. 1636)
                             conde de Gelves (interim)
Dec 1610 - Jul 1612        Juan Fernández de Velasco y Tovar, (s.a.)
                             duque de Frías (3rd time)
Jul 1612 - Aug 1614        Juan de Mendoza y Velasco,         (b. c.1572 - d. 1628)
                             marqués de Hinojosa (1st time)
Aug 1614 - Nov 1614        Sancho de Luna y Rojas (interim)   (b. c.1561 - d. 1617)
Nov 1614 - Jan 1616        Juan de Mendoza y Velasco,         (s.a.)
                             marqués de Hinojosa (2nd time)
Jan 1616 - Aug 1618        Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Colonna, (b. 1546 - d. 1627)
                             duque de Fernandina
Aug 1618 - May 1626        Gomes IV Suárez de Figueroa y      (b. 1587 - d. 1634)
                             Córdoba, duque de Feria (1st time)
May 1626 - Aug 1629        Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba,      (b. 1585 - d. 1635)
                             príncipe de Maratra
Aug 1629 - 25 Sep 1630     Ambrosio Spinola, marqués de       (b. 1569 - d. 1630)
                             los Balbases
Dec 1630 - Mar 1631        Álvaro de Bazán y Benavides,       (b. 1571 - d. 1646)
                             marqués de Santa Cruz
Mar 1631 - May 1633        Gomes IV Suárez de Figueroa y      (s.a.)
                             Córdoba, duque de Feria (2nd time)
May 1633 - Jul 1634        Fernando de Austria, cardenal e    (b. 1610 - d. 1641)
                             infante de España
Jul 1634 - Nov 1635        Gil de Albornoz, cardenal y        (b. 1579 - d. 1649)
                             arzobispo de Tarento
Nov 1635 - Apr 1636        Diego Mexía Felípez de Guzmán,     (b. 1580 - d. 1655)
                             marqués de Leganés (1st time)
Apr 1636 - Jun 1636        Fernando Afán de Ribera, duque     (b. 1583 - d. 1637)
                             de Alcalá
Jun 1636 - Feb 1641        Diego Mexía Felípez de Guzmán,     (s.a.)
                             marqués de Leganés (2nd time)
Feb 1641 - Apr 1643        Juan Velasco de la Cueva, conde    (b. 1608 - d. 1649)
                             de Siruela
Apr 1643 - Feb 1646        Antonio Sancho Dávila de Toledo,   (b. 1590 - d. 1666)
                             marqués de Velada
Feb 1646 - Nov 1647        Bernardino Fernández de Velasco y  (b. 1609 - d. 1652)
                             Tovar, duque de Frías
Nov 1647 - Jun 1648        Íñigo Melchor Fernández de Velasco,(b. 1629 - d. 1696)
                             conde de Haro
Jun 1648 - Apr 1656        Luis de Benavides Carrillo,        (b. 1608 - d. 1668)
                             marqués de Caracena
Apr 1656 -  3 Aug 1656     Teodoro cardenal Trivulzio         (b. 1597 - d. 1656)
Sep 1656 - 1659            Alonso Pérez de Vivero y Menchaca, (b. 1603 - d. 1661)
                             conde de Fuensaldaña
May 1660 - Jun 1662        Francesco Caetani, duque de        (b. 1613 - d. 1683)    
                             Sermoneta
Jun 1662 - 29 Mar 1668     Luis de Guzmán Ponce de León,      (b. 1603 - d. 1668)
                             conde de Villaverde
Apr 1668 - Sep 1668        Pablo Spínola Doria, marqués de    (b. 1628 - d. 1699)
                             los Balbases (2nd time)
10 Sep 1668 - 26 Dec 1668  Francisco de Orozco y Portia,      (b. 1605 - d. 1668)
                             marqués de Olías y de Mortara
Mar 1669 - May 1670        Pablo Spínola Doria, marqués de    (s.a.)
                             los Balbases (2nd time)
May 1670 - Jul 1674        Gaspar Téllez-Girón y Sandoval,    (b. 1625 - d. 1694)
                             duque de Osuna
Jul 1674 - Nov 1678        Claude Lamoral, príncipe de Ligne  (b. 1618 - d. 1679)
Nov 1678 - Apr 1686        Juan Tomás Enríquez de Cabrera,    (b. 1646 - d. 1705)
                             conde de Melgar
 8 Apr 1686 - May 1691     Antonio López de Ayala Velasco y   (b. 1638 - d. 1709)
                             Cárdeñas, conde de Fuensalida
26 May 1691 - May 1698     Diego Dávila Mesía y Guzmán,       (b. 1666 - d. 1711)
                              marqués de Leganés
French Governor
17 May 1698 -  7 Sep 1706  Charles Henri de Lorraine,         (b. 1649 - d. 1723)
                             prince de Vaudémont    
Imperial Military commander
26 Sep 1706 - 16 Apr 1707  Eugenio Francesco di Savoia-       (b. 1663 - d. 1736)
                             Carignano, principe di Carignano 
Austrian Governors-general
16 Apr 1707 - Jan 1717     Eugenio Francesco di Savoia-       (s.a.)
                             Carignano, principe di Carignano
 3 Jan 1717 - 26 Dec 1718  Maximilian Carl Fürst von          (b. 1656 - d. 1718)
                             Löwenstein und Wertheim 
18 Jan 1719 - Dec 1725     Hieronymus IV Graf Colloredo       (b. 1674 - d. 1726)
                             von Waldsee (from 12 Dec 1724,
                             Reichsgraf Colloredo von Waldsee)
24 Dec 1725 - 21 Oct 1733  Philipp Wirich Lorenz Graf von     (b. 1669 - d. 1741)
                             Daun
11 Dec 1733 - Aug 1736     Carlo Emanuele III, duca di Savoia (b. 1701 - d. 1773)
                             (commander of Sardinian forces)
Aug 1736 - 20 Feb 1737     Ludwig Andreas Graf Khevenhüller   (b. 1683 - d. 1744)
                             von Aichelberg-Frankenburg
20 Feb 1737 - 17 Mar 1742  Otto Ferdinand Graf von Traun und
                             Abensberg                        (b. 1677 - d. 1748)
12 Sep 1743 - 16 Dec 1745  Johann Georg Christian Fürst von   (b. 1686 - d. 1755)
                             Lobkowitz
16 Jun 1745 - 22 Sep 1745  Giovanni Luca Pallavicini-         (b. 1697 - d. 1773)
                             Centurione (1st time)
                            (minister plenipotentiary)
Spanish Lieutenant-general
16 Dec 1745 - 19 Mar 1746  Felipe de Borbón, infante de       (s.a.)
                             España
Austrian Governors-general
25 Aug 1746 - 16 Sep 1747  Giovanni Luca Pallavicini-         (b. 1697 - d. 1773)
                             Centurione (2nd time)
19 Sep 1747 - 18 Sep 1750  Ferdinand Bonaventura Graf von     (b. 1708 - d. 1778)
                             Harrach
26 Sep 1750 - 23 Sep 1753  Giovanni Luca Pallavicini-         (s.a.)
                             Centurione (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1753 - Oct 1771     Francesco Maria, duca di Modena    (b. 1698 - d. 1780)
                             (administrator to 14 Jan 1754)
Nov 1754 -  3 Jul 1758     Beltrame, conte Cristiani          (b. 1702 - d. 1758)
                             (acting for Duca di Modena)
29 Jul 1758 - 15 Oct 1771  Karl Joseph Graf von Firmian       (b. 1718 - d. 1782)
                             (acting for Duca di Modena)
15 Oct 1771 -  9 May 1796  Ferdinand Erzherzog von Österreich (b. 1754 - d. 1806)
15 Oct 1771 - 20 Jun 1782  Karl Joseph Graf von Firmian       (s.a.)
                             (acting for Ferdinand)
29 Jul 1782 -  9 May 1796  Johann Joseph Graf von Wilczek     (b. 1738 - d. 1819)
                             (imperial commissioner for Ferdinand)
 9 May 1796 - 29 Apr 1799  part of Transpadane/Cisapline republic
French Military Commanders in Lombardy
10 Jun 1796 - Aug 1796     Hyacinthe François Joseph Despinoy (s.a.)
13 Aug 1796 -  5 Jan 1797  Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers          (b. 1764 - d. 1813)
 5 Jan 1797 - Apr 1797     Charles Edward Jennings de Kilmaine(b. 1751 – d. 1799)
Apr 1797 - 1797            Jean Jacques Bernardin Colaud de   (b. 1758 - d. 1834)
                             Lasalcette
Austrian Governor-general
29 Apr 1799 - 29 May 1800  Filippo Cocastelli, marchese di    (b. 1751 - d. 1831)
                             Montiglio
29 May 1800 - 26 Jan 1802  part of Cisapline republic
Vice President of the Italian Republic (Vicepresidente della Repubblica Italiana)
26 Jan 1802 - 17 Mar 1805  Francesco Melzi d'Eril             (s.a.)
                             (installed in office in Milan 14 Feb 1802)
Viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy (Viceré d'Italia)
 8 Jun 1805 - 23 Apr 1814  Eugenio di Beauharnais            (b. 1781 - d. 1824)
                             (from 16 Feb 1806, Eugenio Napoleone di Francia)
                             (from 30 Mar 1806) Principe di Venezia,
                             (from 28 Oct 1813) Granduca di Francoforte
                           (= Eugène de Beauharnais
                             from 16 Feb 1806, Eugène Napoléon de France)
                             from 30 Mar 1806, prince de Venise,
                             from 28 Oct 1813, grand-duc de Francoforte)
                           (appointed by imperial and royal decree 7 Jun 1805)
Austrian Military Governor
23 Apr 1814 - 25 May 1814  Feinrich XV Fürst zu Reuss-        (b. 1751 - d. 1825)
                             Plauen
Commissioner Plenipotentiary of the Emperor of Austria for the territory
of Austrian Lombardy and Mantua
25 May 1814 - 12 Jun 1814  Heinrich Joseph Johann Graf von    (b. 1756 - d. 1845)
                             Bellegarde (appointed 14 May 1814)
President of the Royal and Imperial Provisional Regency
12 Jun 1814 -  2 Jan 1816  Heinrich Joseph Johann Graf von    (s.a.)
                             Bellegarde
Governor of the Royal and Imperial Government in Milan (Gouverneur in Mailand)
1815 - 1817                Franz Josef Graf von Saurau        (b. 1760 - d. 1832)
Viceroys of the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom
 7 Mar 1816 - 24 May 1818  Anton Victor Joseph Raymund        (b. 1779 - d. 1835)
                             Erzherzog von Österreich
24 May 1818 - 22 Mar 1848  Rainer Joseph Erzherzog von        (b. 1783 - d. 1853)
                             Österreich 
24 Feb 1818 -  3 May 1830  Giulio Giuseppe conte di Strassoldo(b. 1771 - d. 1830)
                             (gubernial-präsident; acting for Erzherzog Rainer)
Austrian Governors in Lombardy
 3 May 1830 -  1 Jul 1830  Febo d'Adda, marchese di Pandino   (b. 1772 - d. 1836)
                             (acting) 
 1 Jul 1830 - 26 Nov 1840  Franz de Paula Graf von Hartig     (b. 1789 - d. 1865)
26 Nov 1840 -  3 May 1841  Robert Anton Altgraf zu Salm-      (b. 1804 - d. 1875)
                             Reifferscheid (acting)
 3 May 1841 - 18 Mar 1848  Johann Baptist Graf von Spaur zu   (b. 1777 - d. 1852)
                             Pflaum und Valdör
18 Mar 1848 - 22 Mar 1848  Heinrich Graf O'Donnell (acting)   (b. 1802 - d. 1872)
Austrian Commanders-in-chief
 6 Aug 1848 - Oct 1849     Joseph Josef Wenzel Anton Franz    (b. 1766 - d. 1858)  
                             Karl Graf Radetzky von Radetz
 1 Sep 1848 - 28 Mar 1849  Franz Emil Lorenz Graf von         (b. 1797 - d. 1870)
                             Wimpffen (acting)
Governors General
25 Sep 1848 - 1849         Alberto Montecuccoli Laderchi      (b. 1802 - d. 1852)
                            (Imperial plenipotentiary commissioner for civilian affairs)
Oct 1849 -  6 Sep 1857     Joseph Josef Wenzel Anton Franz    (s.a.) 
                             Karl Graf Radetzky von Radetz
 6 Sep 1857 - 27 Apr 1859  Ferdinand Maximilian Erzherzog von (b. 1832 - d. 1867)
                             Österreich
Civil and Military Governor of Lombardy
19 Oct 1849 - 10 Jan 1851  Karl Borromäus Philipp Fürst von   (b. 1802 - d. 1858)
                             Schwarzenberg 
Governors of Lombardy (Statthalter der Lombardei)   
10 Jan 1851 - 10 Sep 1853  Michael Graf Strassoldo-Grafenberg (b. 1800 - d. 1873)
10 Sep 1853 -  8 Jun 1859  Friedrich Moritz Freiherr von      (b. 1804 - d. 1873)
                             Burger
27 Apr 1859 -  8 Jun 1859  Ernst Leopold Roman Freiherr von   (b. 1822 - d. 1879)
                             Kellersperg (acting for von Burger)
Austrian Commandant of the 2nd Army and Commanding general
27 Apr 1859 -  8 Jun 1859  Franz Graf Gyulai von Maros-Nemeth (b. 1798 - d. 1868)
                             und Nadaska
                            (= Ferenc Gyulay de Marosnémethi és nádaskai)