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Italian states before 1861 A-N

States: Brixen (Bressanone) - Camerino - Castiglione delle Stiviere - Castro - Ceva - Correggio - Desana - Faenza - Ferrara - Finale - Forlě - Fosdinovo - Genoa - Guastalla - Imola - Lombardy (Milan) - Lucca - Mantua - Massa and Carrara - Masserano - Mirandola and Concordia - Modena (Reggio) - Montechiarugolo - Montferrat - Novellara -

Note: In 1500, Italy (except South Tyrol and Austrian Littoral, including Trieste) was omitted from the structure and the constitutional order of the Holy Roman Empire by the Imperial Reforms, still the suzerainty of the Emperors or at least the claims continued over the northern Italy, except the Republic of Venice, until the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797. In 1731, there were around 73 imperial fiefdoms in so-called Imperial Italy and after 1754 they remained around 56. They are listed here (see list). Imperial Italy was supervised by the Imperial plenipotentiaries (see under Italy).

All the 18th century states ruled by a ruler with a style not lower than a Prince or Duke are recorded below. But in the pre-Napoleonic era there were also states ruled by Counts, Marquesses, Lords, etc. Almost all the population numbers of the 18th century are estimates. The post-1814 states are covered in their entirety.   


Noble titles:
signore/signora = lord/lady; conte/contessa = count/countess; marchese/marchesa = marquess/marchioness; principe/principessa = prince/princess; duca/duchessa = duke/duchess;  granduca/granduchessa = grand duke/grand duchess; re/regina = king/queen.
 
Ecclesiastical titles:
arcivescovo = archbishop; cardinale = cardinal; vescovo = bishop

Ancona: see under Papal State
Bellinzona: see under Swiss Territories


Benevento: see under Papal State
Bergamo: see under Venice
Bologna: see under Papal State


Brixen (Bressanone)

[Brixen Bishopric
                        Flag to 1801 (Bressanone, Italy)]
to 1801

Map of Bishopric
of Brixen
Capital: Brixen (Bressanone)
 Population: 27,000
(1790)

796                        Bishopric of Seben (Episcopatus Sebonensis/Hochstift Säben).
965                        Bishops of Seben (Sabiona) move to the nearby town of Bressanone.
11 Apr 1004                Lordship of
Veldes (Ueldes)(Herrschaft Veldes) ceded to the
                             Bishop of Brixen by German Emperor Heinrich II.
1022                       Bishopric of Brixen (
Episcopatus Brixiensis/Hochstift Brixen).
 7 Jun 1027                The entire Isarco Valley, together with the Inn Valley, was taken
                             from the rebellious Duke Welf II of Bavaria, and given as a gift
                             to Brixen Bishop Arduico, by Emperor Conrad II.

1179                       Bishops of Brixen made Princes of the Holy Roman Empire
                             (Episcopatus Ac Principatus Brixinensis/Fürstbistum Brixen/
                             Principato Vescovile di Bressanone
).

1512                       Occupied by France.
23 Mar 1797 -  3 Apr 1797  Briefly occupied by French forces under Barthélemy Joubert (b. 1769
                             - d. 1799).
 9 Mar 1801                Administered by Austria in anticipation of secularization and
                             annexation to Austria.

27 Apr 1803                Incorporated into Austrian Tyrol (see Austrian Crownlands)(by
                             enactment of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 25 Feb 1803),
                             nominally as a state (Principality of Brixen) of the Holy 
                             Roman Empire.

26 Dec 1805 - 28 Feb 1810  Annexed to
Bavaria.
28 Feb 1810 - 30 May 1814  Annexed to the Kingdom of Italy (see Lombardy) as
                             the département Haut-Adige (Alto Adige).
30 May 1814                Restored into Austria.

 3 Nov 1918                Annexed to Italy.

Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischof zu Brixen/Principe vescovo di Bressanone)
15 Nov 1685 -  3 Apr 1702  Johann Franz Reichsgraf von Khuen zu    (b. 1649 - d. 1702)
                             Liechtenberg (ordained 29 Jun 1687)
 8 Jun 1702 -  2 Jul 1747  Kaspar Ignaz Freiherr von Künigle       (b. 1671 - d. 1747)
                             zu Ehrenburg (ordained 24 Jun 1703)
18 Oct 1747 - 31 Dec 1778  Leopold Maria Joseph Graf von Spaur     (b. 1696 - d. 1778)
31 Dec 1778 -  2 Mar 1779  Ignaz Franz Reichsgraf von Spaur        (b. 1729 - d. 1779)
26 May 1779 - 26 May 1791  Joseph Philipp Reichsgraf von Spaur     (b. 1718 - d. 1791)
16 Aug 1791 - 25 Feb 1803  Franz Karl Graf von Lodron              (b. 1748 - d. 1828)
                             (ordained 25 Mar 1792)



Camerino

Map of Camerino
Capital: Camerino
 Population: N/A

c.1000                     Camerino a free commune.
1262                       Lordship of Camerino (Signoria di Camerino).
Sep 1433 - 26 Nov 1443     Camerino a republic.
20 Jul 1502 - 25 Oct 1503  Papal occupation under Cesare Borgia, duca di Valentino.
30 Apr 1515                Duchy of Camerino (Ducato di Camerino).
14 Oct 1539 - 11 Jul 1541  Papal rule.
11 Jul 1541                Given to Ottavio Farnese, a relative of the Pope.
24 Aug 1545                Re-incorporated into Papal State.

Lords (title Signore di Camerino)
1385 - 1399                Gentile III da Varano                   (d. 1399)
1399 -  2 May 1424         Rodolfo
III da Varano                   (b. 135. - d. 1424)
 2 May 1424 -  6 Sep 1433  Gentile Pandolfo da Varano              (b. 138. - d. 1434)
                           - jointly with the following three -
 2 May 1424 -  6 Sep 1433  Giovanni II da Varano                   (b. 139. - d. 1434)
 2 May 1424 -  6 Sep 1433  Pier Gentile da Varano                  (b. 1400 - d. 1433)
Captains (title Capitani delle Arti, Nobili e Magnifici)
 6 Sep 143
3 - 26 Nov 1443  two Captains [elected for 3 months]
Lords
(title Signore di Camerino)
23 Nov 1443 - 1464         Rodolfo IV
da Varano                    (b. 1426 - d. 1464)
                           - jointly with -
23 Nov 1443 - 20 Jul 1502  Giulio Cesare da Varano                 (b. 1434 - d. 1502)
21 Jul 1502 - 25 Oct 1503  Papal rule
 2 Sep 1502 - 25 Oct 1503  Giovanni Borgia, duca di Nepi           (b. 1498 - d. 1548)
                             (nominal Duke of Urbino)
25 Oct 1503 - 30 Apr 1515  Giovanni Maria da Varano                (b. 1481 - d. 1527)
Dukes (title Duca di Camerino)
30 Apr 1515 - 1521         Giovanni Maria (1st time)               (s.a.)
1521 - 22 Jun 1522         Sigismondo                              (b. 1499 - d. 1522)
22 Jun 1522 - 10 Aug 1527  Giovanni Maria (2nd time)               (s.a.)
10 Aug 1527 - 16 Dec 1534  Giulia (f)                              (b. 1523 - d. 1547)
10 Aug 1527 - 16 Dec 1534  Caterina Cybo (f) -Regent               (b. 1501 - d. 1557)
16 Dec 1534 - 14 Oct 1539  the dukes of Urbino
Papal Commissioner General
14 Oct 1539 - 11 Jul 1541  Filippo Archinto, vescovo di Borgo      (b. 1500 - d. 1558)
Duke (title Duca di Camerino)
11 Jul 1541 - 24 Aug 1545  Ottavio Farnese                         (b. 1524 - d. 1586)

Podestŕ di Camerino
1539 -   7 Oct 1540        Cristoforo Cardinale Giacobacci         (d. 1540)
                             (Giacobazzi) 


Carpegna-Scavolino: see Scavolino

Carrara: see under Massa and Carrara


Castiglione

Map of Castiglione
Capital: Castiglione
 delle Stiviere
(Castel Goffredo
1515-1549)
 Population: 9,000
(1790, Castiglione), 1,000 (1790, Solferino)

1444                       Lordship of Castiglione (Signoria di Castiglione) under the Gonzaga
                             dynasty, split from Mantua for a branch of its ruling family.
                             Subsequently the domain undergoes a number of divisions
22 Sep 1493                Lord Rodolfo made a prince of Holy Roman Empire (the title is
                             inherited only by his son Aloisio 1511-1549).

 
7 Jun 1559                Granted the imperial right of primogeniture. 
 4 Dec 1574                Marquisate of
Castiglione (Marchesato di Castiglione).
Apr 1610                   Marquesses made Princes of the Holy Roman Empire (Principato di
                            
Castiglione).
21 May 1680                Inherited the M
arquisate of Solferino (Marchesato di Solferino).
23 Dec 1691 - Jun 1773     Ruler exiled by uprising, Castiglione (and Solferino) placed
                             under Imperial administration (to 1773).

1702 - 1707                French occupation.
11 Feb 1723                Prince
Ferdinando III dies in exile.
1707 - 1773                Under Imperial administration.
 3 Jun 1773                Annexed to Milan by Austria. Castiglione kept status of an Imperial
                             fief (as Principality of Castiglione and Marquisate of Solferino)
                             to 1796.
26 Jul 1773                Luigi III (1745-1819), son of Ferdinando III, signed the renunciation
                             of his rights over Castiglione, Medole and Solferino in favor of
                             the ruler of Austria.

             
Lords (title Signore di Castel Goffredo, Castiglione e Solferino)
1444 - 16 Jan 1466         Alessandro                              (b. 1415 - d. 1466)
16 Jan 1466 - 22 Sep 1493  Rodolfo                                 (b. 1452 - d. 1495)
Prince (title Principe di Castiglione)
22 Sep 1493 -  6 Jul 1495  Rodolfo                                 (s.a.)
Lord (title Signore di Castiglione)
 6 Jul 1495 - 19 Jan 1511  Ludovico                                (b. 1460 - d. 1511)

Prince (title Principe di Castiglione)                            
19 Jan 1511 - 19 Jul 1549  Aloisio (Luigi Alessandro)              (b. 1494 - d. 1549)

Lords (title Signore di Castiglione)
19 Jul 1549 -  4 Dec 1574
  Ferrante                                (b. 1544 - d. 1586)
19 Jul 1549 -  2 Mar 1553  Ercole Cardinale Gonzaga -Regent        (b. 1505 - d. 1553)
Marquesses
(title Marchese di Castiglione)
 4 Dec 1574 - 15 Feb 1586  Ferrante                                (s.a.)
15 Feb 1586 -  3 Jan 1593  Rodolfo                                 (b. 1569 - d. 1593)
 3 Jan 1593 - Apr 1610     Francesco                               (b. 1577 - d. 1616)
Princes (title Principe di Castiglione)
Apr 1610 – 23 Oct 1616     Francesco                               (s.a.)
23 Oct 1616 - 22 Feb 1636  Luigi I                                 (b. 1611 - d. 1636)

23 Oct 1616 - 20 Jan 162Cristierno,marchese di Solferino -Regent(b. 1580 - d. 1630)
22 Feb 1636 - 23 Apr 1675  Ferdinando II                           (b. 1614 - d. 1675)
23 Apr 1675 - 21 May 1680  Carlo                                   (b. 1616 - d. 1680)
21 May 1680 - 23 Dec 1691  Ferdinando III                          (b. 1648 - d. 1723)
Imperial commissioners
1707 -  Feb 1720           the administrators of Mantua
Feb 1720 – Jun 1773        the imperial plenipotentiaries for Italy


Castro

Map of Castro
Capital: Castro
 Population: N/A

31 Oct 1537                Duchy of Castro (Ducato di Castro), separated from the Papal State.
31 Oct 1537 -  2 Sep 1649  Under the Farnese dynasty.
 2 Sep 1649                Re-annexed to the Papal State.

Dukes
(title Duca di Castro e Ronciglione)
31 Oct 1537 – 10 Sep 1547  Pier Luigi                         (b. 1503 – d. 1547)
10 Sep 1547 – 18 Jul 1553  Orazio                             (b. 1532 – d. 1553)
18 Jul 1553 – 18 Sep 1586  Ottavio                            (b. 1524 – d. 1586)
18 Sep 1586 –  3 Dec 1592  Alessandro                         (b. 1545 – d. 1592)
 3 Dec 1592 –  5 Mar 1622  Ranuccio I                         (b. 1569 – d. 1622)
 5 Mar 1622 – 11 Sep 1646  Odoardo                            (b. 1612 – d. 1646)
11 Sep 1646 –  2 Sep 1649  Ranuccio II                        (b. 1630 – d. 1694)


Ceva

Map of Ceva
Capital: Ceva
 Population: N/A

1125                       Marquisate of Ceva (Ceba)(Marchesato di Ceva [Ceba]), split
                             from Montferrat for a branch of its ruling family. Subsequently
                             the domain undergoes a number of divisions
1295 - 1299                Vassal of Asti.
1313 - 1339                Vassal of Naples.
1351 - 10 Jan 1356         Occupied by Milan (under governor Cristoforo Malatesta [d. 1356]).
1356 - 1379                Vassal of Monferrato.
1379 - 1387                Vassal of Visconti of Milan.
1387 - 1415                Vassal of France.
1415 - 1422                Vassal of Savoy (the duke of Savoy claims the title of
                             marchese di Ceva).
1422 - 1447                Possession of Milan.
1447 - 1530                Part of Asti.
 3 Apr 1531                Part of Savoy by imperial diploma.
1536 - 1559                Occupied by France.

Marquesses (title Marchese di Ceva)[list incomplete]
1324 - 1351                Bonifacio (1st time)
1351 - 10 Jan 1356         occupied by Milan
1356 - 1386                Bonifacio (2nd time)
17 Jun 1387 - 1411         Cristoforo
                           + Giacomo (to 1396)
22 Jun 1411 - 1422         Oddone (Ottone)
                           + Bonifacio
1422 - 1447                the duke of Milan
1447 - 1530                part of Asti
1530 -  3 Apr 1531         Galeazzo

Comacchio: see under Papal State


Correggio


Map of Correggio
Capital: Correggio
Population: N/A

c.1009                     Lordship of Correggio (Signoria di Correggio).
Oct 1371 - 1371            Occupied by Gianfrancesco Cagnolo, signore di Gualtieri.
18 May 1452                County of Correggio (Contea di Correggio).
13 Feb 1616                Principality of Correggio (Principato di Correggio).
1631 - Oct 1634            Confiscated by the Emperor
11 Oct 1633                Ceded to Spain by the Imperial Aulic Council.
Oct 1634                   Annexed to Modena (confirmed 1641).

Lords (title Signore di Correggio)
1307 – 25 Jul 1321         Gilberto III da Correggio          (d. 1321)
                             (also Signore di Parma 1305-1316)
Jul 1321 – Nov 1346        Simone da Correggio
                           - jointly with the following three
Jul 1321 – Nov 1346        Guido IV da Correggio
Jul 1321 – Nov 1346        Azzone da Correggio                (b. 1303 – d. 1362)
Jul 1321 – Nov 1346        Giovanni da Correggio
1346 - 17 Jul 1373         Gilberto IV
da Correggio           (b. c.1320 - d. 1373)
                           - jointly with the following -
1371 - 1389                Guido V
da Correggio               (d. 1398)
1373 - 1410                Pietro
da Correggio                (d. 1410)
1389 - Dec 1446            Gilberto V
da Correggio            (d. 1446)
                           - jointly with the following three -
1389 - 1430                Gherardo VI
da Correggio           (d. 1430)
1389 - 1441                Galasso
da Correggio               (d. 1441)
.... - 1449                Niccolň I
da Correggio             (d. 1449)
1430 - 18 May 1552         Gilberto VI
da Correggio           (b. 1410 - d. 1457)
                           - jointly with the following two
1430 - 18 May 1452         Manfredo I
da Correggio            (d. 1476)
1430 - 18 May 1452         Antonio
da Correggio               (d. 1474)
Counts (title Conte Sovrano di Correggio)
18 May 1452 – Sep 1457     Gilberto VI                        (s.a.)
                           - jointly with the following four
18 May 1452 – Feb 1476     Manfredo I                         (s.a.)
18 May 1452 – 1469         Antonio                            (s.a.)
18 May 1452 – 1495         Niccolň II "il Postumo"            (b. 1450 - d. 1508)
1476 – 26 Aug 1518         Gilberto VII (X)                   (b. 14.. - d. 1518)
                           - jointly with the following three
1476 – Dec 1503            Borso                              (b. c.1450 - d. 1503)
27 May 1517 – 20 Mar 1546  Manfredo II                        (d. 1546)
27 May 1517 – 1531         Gianfrancesco II                   (d. 1531)
1509 – 1517                Giangaleazzo                       (b. 14.. - d. 1517)
16 Dec 1520 –  9 Oct 1572  Gerolamo I                         (b. 1511 - d. 1572)
                           - jointly with the following four
16 Dec 1520 – Dec 1552     Ippolito                           (b. 1520 - d. 1552)
29 Apr 1553 – 22 May 1580  Gilberto VIII                      (b. 1530 - d. 1580)
29 Apr 1553 –  3 Jun 1605  Camillo                            (b. 15.. - d. 1605)
29 Apr 1553 – 1592         Fabrizio                           (b. 15.. - d. 1592)
1591 – 1611                Gerolamo II                        (b. 15.. - d. 1612)
1612 – 13 Feb 1616         Giovanni Siro                      (b. 1590 - d. 1645)
Prince (title Principe di Correggio)
13 Feb 1616 –  6 Apr 1631 
Giovanni Siro                      (s.a.)
Corsica: see under France

Crevacuore: see under Masserano

Desana

Map of Desana
Capital: Desana
 Population: N/A

15 Sep 1411                Lordship of Desana (Dezana)(Signoria di Desana [Dezana]), separated
                             from M
ontferrat.
 3 Jul 1510                County of Desana (Contea di Desana).
 8 Apr 1676                Dynasty extinct, Desana annexed to Savoy-Piedmont.

Lords
(title Signore di Desana)
15 Sep 1411 - 10 Aug 1439  Lodovico (I) di Giovanni Tizzone   (b. 137. - d. 1439)
10 Aug 1439 - 17 Oct 1459  Antonio Maria di Lodovico Tizzone  (b. 140. - d. 1459)
17 Oct 1459 - 28 Jun 1483  Francesco di Antonio Maria Tizzone (b. 142. - d. 1485)
28 Jun 1483 -  3 Jul 1510  Lodovico (II) di Antonio Maria     (b. c.1456 - d. 1525)
                             Tizzone
Counts
(title Conte di Desana)
 3 Jul 1510 -  5 Aug 1525  Ludovico Tizzone                   (s.a.)
 5 Aug 1525 - 1533         Giovanni Bartolomeo Tizzone        (b. 14.. - d. 1533)
1533 - 11 Mar 1550         Cajus Cesare Tizzone               (b. 15.. - d. 1551)
11 Mar 1550 - 1552         Giovanni Maria      
1552 - Sep 1555            Gabriele Tizzone                   (b. 15.. - d. 1555)
Sep 1555 - 1559            part of Parma
1559 - 1582                Giovanni Agostino Tizzone    
1582 - 20 Apr 1598         Delfino Tizzone                    (b. 15.. - d. 1598)
20 Apr 1598 - 18 Apr 1641  Anton-Maria Tizzone                (b. 1595 - d. 1641)
20 Apr 1598 - 1616         Camilla Biandrŕ Tizzone (f) -Regent
18 Apr 1641 -  8 Apr 1676  Carlo Giuseppe Tizzone             (b. 1634 - d. 1676)
18 Apr 1641 - 1652         Costanza Biandrŕ Tizzone (f)-Regent

Elba: see under Tuscany


Faenza


Map of Faenza
Capital: Faenza
 Population: N/A

954                        Faenza a free commune.
1069 - 1100               
Papal rule.
1241 - 1248                Imperial rule.
1248 - 1250                Papal rule.
1302 - 1310
               Papal rule.
 
4 Jan 1313                Hereditary rule by the Manfredi begins.
1322                       Lordship of Faenza (Signoria di Faenza).
23 Jul 1328 -  8 Jan 1339  Papal rule.
13 Sep 1356 - 27 Apr 1377  Papal rule.
15 Sep 1404 - 28 Jun 1410  Papal rule.
Feb 1424 - 30 Dec 1426     Two castles occupied by Milan.
29 Apr 1501 - 19 Nov 1503  Papal occupation under Cesare Borgia, duca di Valentino.
19 Nov 1503 - May 1509     Occupied by Republic of Venice.
May 1509                   Re-incorporated into Papal State.
 
Captain of the People (Capitano del popolo)
 4 Jan 1313 - 1322         Francesco de Manfredi              (b. c.1260 - d. 1343)
Lords
(title Signore di Faenza)
1322 - 1327                Francesco de Manfredi              (s.a.)
1327 - 23 Jul 1328         Alberghettino de Manfredi          (b. 1285 - d. 1329)
Papal Legate

23 Jul 1328 -  8 Jan 1339  Bertrando Cardinale del Poggetto   (b. c.1280 - d. 1352)
Lords (title Signore di Faenza) 
 8 Jan 1339 - 23 Aug 1340  Ricciardo
de Manfredi              (b. c.1285 - d. 1340)
23 Aug 1340 - 13 Sep 1356  Giovanni de Manfredi               (b. 1324 - d. 1373)
Papal Legates

17 Nov 1356 - 1363         Gil Cardinale Albornoz             (b. 1302 - d. 1367)
1363 - 1368                Androin
Cardinal de la Roche,      (b. c.1300 - d. 1369)
                             abbé de Cluny
 1 Mar 1368 - Nov 1371     Anglic Cardinal de Grimoard        (b. c.1320 - d. 1388)
Nov 1371 - Jan 1374        Pierre Cardinal d'Estaing          (b. 1320 - d. 1377)
Jan 1374 - 20 Mar 1376     Guillaume Cardinal Noëllet         (b. 1340 - d. 1394)
1376 - 27 Apr 1377         Cardinal Robert de Genčve,         (b. 1342 - d. 1394)
                            
evęque de Cambrai
                             (from 1378, anti-Pope Clement VII)

Lord
(title Signore di Faenza)
27 Apr 1377 - 15 Sep 1404  Astorre I
(Astorgio) de Manfredi   (b. 135. - d. 1405)
Papal Legate
15 Sep 1404 - 28 Jun 1410  Baldassare Cardinale Cossa         (b. 1365 - d. 1419)
Lords (title Signore di Faenza)
28 Jun 1410 - 17 Oct 1417  Giovanni Galeazzo de Manfredi      (b. c.1375 - d. 1417)

17 Oct 1417 - 20 Jun 1448  Guidantonio de Manfredi            (b. 1407 - d. 1448)
                             (Guidaccio)
17 Oct 1417 - Feb 1424     Gentile Malatesta (f) -Regent  
20 Jun 1448 - 12 Mar 1468  Astorre II de Manfredi             (b. 1412 - d. 1468)
12 Mar 1468 - 16 Nov 1477  Carlo II de Manfredi               (b. 1439 - d. 1484)
16 Nov 1477 - 31 May 1488  Galeotto de Manfredi               (b. 1440 - d. 1488)
31 May 1488 - 29 Apr 1501  Astorre III de Manfredi            (b. 1485 - d. 1502)
29 Apr 1501 - 19 Nov 1503  Cesare Borgia                      (b. 1475 - d. 1507)


Ferrara


Map of Ferrara
Capital: Ferrara
 Population: N/A

1115 - 1208                Ferrara a free commune.
1208                       Lordship of Ferrara (Signoria di Ferrara).
1236 - 1240                Imperial rule.

17 Feb 1264                Hereditary rule of d'Este begins.
10 Oct 1308 - 28 Aug 1309  Ceded to Republic of Venice.
28 Aug 1309 - 22 Aug 1317  Papal rule.
22 Aug 1317                Restored to the d'Este.
14 Apr 1471                Duchy of Ferrara (Ducato di Ferrara).
16 Jan 1598 -  1 Oct 1796  Annexed to the Papal State.
21 Jun 1796                French occupation.
 1 Oct 1796                Amministrazione Centrale del Ferrarese (called "Ferraran Republic")
18 Oct 1796                Part of Cispadane Republic (see Modena).
 2 Jun 1797                Amministrazione Centrale del Departemento del Po.
29 Jun 1797                Part of Cisalpine Republic (see Lombardy).
23 May 1799 - 19 Jan 1801  Austrian occupation, Regia Cesarea Provvisoria Reggenza (Cesarea
                             Provisional Regency) created.
19 Jan 1801                French rule restored, part of Cisalpine Republic/Italian
                             Republic/Kingdom of Italy (see Lombardy).
Jan 1814 - Jul 1815        Austrian occupation.
 7 Apr 1815 - 13 Apr 1815  Occupied by "Sicily" (Naples), with Carlo Grillenzoni intendant.
15 Jul 1815                Part of the Papal State (restored).
 7 Feb 1831 -  4 Mar 1831  Provisional Regency, in rebellion.
 
4 Mar 1831 -  6 Mar 1831  Part of United Italian Province.
 6 Mar 1831 - 15 Mar 1831  Austrian occupation.
17 Jul 1847 - Dec 1847     Austrian occupation.
13 Jul 1848 - Nov 1848     Austrian occupation.

Nov 1848 -  9 Feb 1849     Provisional government, in rebellion.
 9 Feb 1849 -  6 May 1849  Part of Roman Republic, in rebellion.
 
6 May 1849 - 22 Jun 1859  Papal rule restored, under Austrian garrison.
18 Mar 1860                Annexation to Sardinia-Piedmont.

Marquesses and Lords (title Marchese d'Este, Signore di Ferrara, Modena, Rovigo, etc.)
20 Mar 1352 -  3 Nov 1361  Aldobrandino III                  (b. 1335 - d. 1361)
 
3 Nov 1361 - 26 Mar 1388  Niccolň II (Nicola II)            (b. 1338 - d. 1388)
26 Mar 1388 - 30 Jul 1393  Alberto                           (b. 1347 - d. 1393)
30 Jul 1393 - 26 Dec 1441  Niccolň III (Nicola III)          (b. 1383 - d. 1441)
                            (from 27 Jul 1409 also Signore di Parma)
30 Jul 1393 - 1402         Council of Regency
                           - Filippo de Roberti
                           - Tommaso degli Obizzi 
                           - Bartolomeo della Mella  
                           - Giovanni del Sale
26 Dec 1441 -  1 Oct 1449  Leonello (Lionello)                (b. 1407 - d. 1449)
 1 Oct 1450 - 14 Apr 1471  Borso d'Este                       (b. 1413 - d. 1471)
                            (from 18 May 1452, Duca di Modena e di Reggio, Marchese d'Este)
Dukes
and Marquesses (title Duca di Modena e di Reggio, Marchese d'Este; from 31 Oct 1534,
Duca di Ferrara, di Modena, di Reggio e di Chartres, Marchese d'Este)
14 Apr 1471 - 20 Aug 1471  Borso                              (s.a.)
20 Aug 1471 – 25 Jan 1505  Ercole I                           (b. 1431 – d. 1505)
25 Jan 1505 – 31 Oct 1534  Alfonso I                          (b. 1476 – d. 1534)
31 Oct 1534 –  3 Oct 1559  Ercole II                          (b. 1508 – d. 1559)
 3 Oct 1559 – 27 Oct 1597  Alfonso II                         (b. 1533 – d. 1597)
 3 Oct 1559 - 26 Nov 1559  Renata de Chartres (f) -Regent     (b. 1510 - d. 1574)
27 Oct 1597 - 16 Jan 1598  Cesare                             (b. 1552 – d. 1628)  
Magistrate of the Provisional Administration
21 Jun 1796 - 1796         Pietro Luigi Todeschi
Presidents of the Central Administration
c.5 Oct 1796               Giambattista Costabili Containi    (b. 1756 - d. 1841)
                              (1st time)
c.10 Oct 1796-22 Oct 1796  Giovanni Battista Boldrini         (b. 1766 - d. 1836)
c.27 Oct 1796-31 Oct 1796  Luigi Guidetti (1st time)          (b. 1740 – d. 1826)
c.5 Nov 1796               Camillo, marchese Bevilacqua       (b. 1745 - d. 1821)
                             Cantelli
c.5 Nov 1796 - 18 Nov 1796 Carlo Bentivoglio (1st time)
c.22 Nov 1796-30 Nov 1796  Sebastiano Tellarini
c.7 Dec 1796               Felice Marzari
c.28 Dec 1796-29 Dec 1796  Luigi Tavecchi (1st time)
c.5 Jan 1797               Giacomo Filippo Garavini (1st time)
c.Jan 1797                 Giambattista Costabili Containi    (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
c.21 Jan 1797-29 Jan 1797  Antonio Buonatede
c.2 Feb 1797               Ignazio, marchese Magnani          (b. 1740 - d. 1809)
c.2 Feb 1797 - 8 Feb 1797  Giovanni Mateo Annichini (1st time)(b. 1752 – d. 1806)
c.10 Feb - 15 Feb 1797     Luigi Guidetti (2nd time)
c.Mar 1797                 Antonio Massari
c.1 Apr 1797 - 17 Apr 1797 Giacomo Filippo Garavini (2nd time)
c.12 Apr 1797              Luigi Tavecchi (2nd time)
c.Apr 1797                 Francesco Raspi
c.20 Apr 1797-c.2 May 1797 Domenico Gallizioli (1st time)
c.5 May 1797-18 May 1797   Giovanni Mateo Annichini (2nd time)(s.a.)
c.30 May 1797-31 May 1797  Carlo Bentivoglio (2nd time)
c.May 1797 -  2 Jun 1797   Domenico Gallizioli (2nd time)
President
of the Regia Cesarea Provvisoria Reggenza in Ferrara
23 May 1799 - 19 Jan 1800  Camillo, marchese Bevilacqua       (s.a.)
                             Cantelli
President of the
Regia Cesarea Provvisoria Reggenza in Romagna (in Ravenna)
25 Jun 1799 - Jan 1801     Camillo, marchese Spreti           (b. 1743 - d. 1803)
1799 - 1801                Federico Rasponi (acting for Spreti)
President of the Provisional Municipality

19 Jan 1801 - 1801         Gaetano Genta                      (b. 1750 - d. 1837)
President of the Provisional Government
 7 Feb 1831 -  6 Mar 1831  Alfonso Guidetti
Austrian Military Commander
 6 Mar 1831 - 15 Mar 1831  Johann Maria Philipp Frimont Graf  (b. 1759 - d. 1831)
                             von Palota Fürst von Antrodoco
Austrian Military Commandant
17 Jul 1847 - Dec 1847     Karl Joseph Graf von Auersperg     (b. 1783 - d. 1859)
President of the Provincial Government Commission

Nov 1848 - Mar 1849        Francesco Carlo Mayr               (b. 1810 - d. 1882)

French Military Agent
31? Aug 1796 - Dec 1796    Antoine-Romain Hamelin             (b. 1770 - d. 1855) 
Military Commanders
23 Jun 1796 - 29 Jun 1796  Jean Gilles André Robert           (b. 1755 - d. 1797)
29 Jun 1796 - 14 Jul 1796  Etienne Pourailly                  (b. 1763 - d. 1796)
14 Jul 1796 - 23 Mar 1797  Bertrand Yann
23 Mar 1797 - c.1798       Jean-Aimé Lautour-Boismaheu        (b. 1752 - d. 1846)

Finale

[Finale Marquisate Flag to 1602 (Liguria,
                      Italy)]
12th cent. - 2 Mar 1602

Map of Finale
Capital: Finale Borgo
(Savona 1162-1179)
 Population: 7,000
 (1700),
 19,700 (1770)
10 Jun 1162                Lordship of Finale (Signoria di Finale)(confirmed 1226) as fief
                             of the
Holy Roman Empire in Liguria.
1185 - 1598                Under the del Carretto dynasty.
 8 May 1449 - 20 Dec 1450  Occupied by Genoa.
1496                       Marquisate of Finale (Marchesato di Finale).
1558 - 1564                Oc
cupied by Genoa.
1564                       Marquess made a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire (the title was
                             not inherited).
1566 - 1602                Under administration by Imperial commissioners.
11 Apr 1571 - 1573         Occupied by Spain.

16 May 1598                Sold to the King of Spain, effective on 2 Mar 1602 (comes under
                             the Spanish administration of the Duchy of Milan).
 1 Nov 1700                After the death of Carlo II, 
possession is disputed between 
                             Spain, Austria, Genoa, and Savoy-Piedmont.
1701 -  2 Apr 1707         Occupied by France.
1707 - 1711                Occupied by French and Austrian forces.
1711 - 1713                Imperial administration.
20 Aug 1713                Ceded by Spain to Genoa as a feudal possession (Imperial fief).
15 Sep 1746 - 18 Oct 1748  Occupied by Piedmont-Sardinia.
18 Oct 1748                Restored to Genoa, continues as a fief of the Emperor to 1797.

Marquesses and Lords (title Marchese di Savona e Signore del Finale)
1392 - 1402                Lazzarino II del Carretto      (b. 13.. - d. 1412)
1402 - 1449                Galeotto I
del Carretto        (b. c.1400 - d. 1450)
 8 May 1449 - 20 Dec 1450  Genoese occupation
1450 - 1466                Giovanni I Lazzarino del       (b. c.1410 - d. 1468)
                            
Carretto
1466                       Biagio Galeotto II
del Carretto(b. 1452 - d. 1482)
1466 - 1496                Alfonso I
del Carretto         (b. 1457 - d. 1523)
Marquesses (title Marchese del Finale)
1496 - 1523                Alfonso I                      (s.a.)
1499 - 15 Aug 1514         Carlo Domenico (pretender)     (b. 1454 - d. 1514)
1523 - 30 Jun 1535         Giovanni II                    (b. 1503 - d. 1535)
30 Jun 1535 -  9 Nov 1583  Alfonso II (exiled from 1567)  (b. 1525 - d. 1583)
                             (from 1564, prince of Finale [principe del Finale])
30 Jun 1535 - 1546         Marcantonio Del Carretto       (b. 1513 - d. 1578)
                             Doria -Regent
1564 - 1566                Giovanni Alberto Del Carretto  (b. c.1460 - d. 1505)
                             di Gorzegno -Regent
 9 Nov 1583 - 1596         Alessandro                     (b. 1528 - d. 1596)
1596 -  2 Mar 1602         Sforza Andrea                  (b. 1534 - d. 1602)
 2 Mar 1602 - 1701         the kings of Spain
1701 - 1707                occupied by France
1707 - 1709                occupied by Austria
1709 - 1711                Carlos (III) (in dissidence)   (b. 1685 - d. 1740)


Fiume: see under Croatia
Firenze (Florence): see Tuscany


Forlě
Map of Forlě
Capital: Forlě
 Population: N/A

1162                       Forě a free commune
1309 - 1310                Papal rule.
1310 - 1315                Occupied by Kingdom of Naples.
 
2 Sep 1315                Lordship of Forlě (Signoria di Forlě).
1322 - 1323                Papal rule.
21 Nov 1331 - 1
2 Sep 1333  Papal rule, reduced to Forlimpopoli.
 1 Jan 1334 - 21 Jun 1357  Cesena annexed.
 4 Jul 1359 -  5 Jan 1376  Papal rule.
10 Sep 1405 -  7 Jun 1411  Papal rule.
14 May 1423 - 14 Jul 1426  Forě (and from 6 Sep 1423, Forlimpopoli) occupied by Milan.
14 Jul 1426 - 26 Dec 1433  Papal rule.
24 Jul 1436 - 26 May 1438  Papal rule.
 8 Aug 1480 - 19 Dec 1499  Part of Imola.
19 Dec 1499 - 22 Oct 1503  Papal occupation under Cesare Borgia, duca di Valentino (Catarina
                             Sforza resists in the castle of Ravaldino, Forli to 12 Jan 1500).
 7 Apr 1504                Re-incorporated into the Papal State.
 
Lords (title Signore di Forlě)
 6 Jan 1376 - 13 Dec 1385  Sinibaldo Ordelaffi                (b. c.1335 - d. 1386)
                           - jointly with -
 6 Jan 1376 - 16 Jul 1402  Pino II Ordelaffi                  (b. c.1356 - d. 1402)
                           - jointly with -
13 Dec 1385 -  8 Sep 1405  Francesco III (Cecco III) Ordelaffi(b. 136. - d. 1405)
 8 Sep 1405 - 10 Sep 1405  Antonio I Ordelaffi (1st time)     (b. 139. - d. 1448)

Papal Legates
1405 - 17 May 1410        
Baldassare Cardinale Cossa         (b. c.1370 - d. 1419)
                             (from 17 May 1410, anti-Pope John XXIII)
17 May 1410 - 15 Feb 1411  Corrado Cardianle Caracciolo       (d. 1411)
22 Feb 1411 - 12 May 1411  Enrico Cardinale Minutolo          (d. 1412)
Lords (title Signore di Forlě)
 
7 Jun 1411 - 25 Jan 1422  Giorgio Ordelaffi                  (b. 139. - d. 1422)
25 Jan 1422 - 14 May 1423  Teobaldo Ordelaffi                 (b. 1413 - d. 1425)
25 Jan 1422 - 14 May 1423  Lucrezia Alidosi (f) -Regent       (b. 139. - d. c.1460)
Milanese Governor
1423 - 1426                Aloiso (Luigi) Grotto

Papal Governors
14 Jul 1426 -  5 Jan 1430  Domenico Capranica, vescovo di     (b. 1400 - d. 1458)
                             Fermo
1430 - 1431                Francesco Monaldeschi, vescovo di  (d. 1461)
                            
Orvieto
31 Aug 1431 - 26 Dec 1433  Tommaso Condulmier, vescovo di     (d. 1446)
                             Trau
Lord
26 Dec 1433 - 11 Jul 1436  Antonio I
Ordelaffi (2nd time)     (s.a.)
Papal Gov
ernors
11 Jul 1436 -  6 Aug 1436  ....
 6 Aug 1436 -  2 Sep 1436  Niccolň degli Acciapoci, vescovo   (b. 1382 - d. 1447)
                             di Tropea
 2 Sep 1436 - 26 May 1438  Renzo da Tode (acting)
Lords (title Signore di Forlě)
26 May 1438 -  4 Aug 1448
  Antonio I Ordelaffi (3rd time)     (s.a.)
 4 Aug 1448 - 26 Jan 1466  Francesco IV Ordelaffi "Cecco"     (b. 1435 – d. 1466)
                           - jointly with -
 4 Aug 1448 - 1454         Caterina Rangoni (f) -Regent       (d. 1467)
 4 Aug 1448 -  9 Feb 1480  Pino III Ordelaffi "il Magnifico"  (b. 1436 - d. 1480)
 9 Feb 1480 -  8 Jul 1480  Sinibaldo II Ordelaffi             (b. 1468 - d. 1480)
 9 Feb 1480 -  8 Jul 1480  Lucrezia Pico (f) -Regent          (b. 1458 - d. 1503)
 8 Jul 1480 -  8 Aug 1480  Antonio II Maria Ordelaffi         (b. 1460 - d. 1504)
                             (1st time)
                           - jointly with -
 8 Jul 1480 -  8 Aug 1480  Francesco V Ordelaffi              (b. 1461 - d. 1488)
 8 Aug 1480 - 19 Dec 1499  the lords of Imola
Imola Governors 
Aug 1480 - May 1482        Gianfrancesco da Tolentino         (d. 1487)
                             (1st time)
May 1482 - Aug 1482        Giacomo Magnani, vescovo di Imola
                             (acting)

Aug 1482 - 1483            Gianfrancesco da Tolentino         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1483 - Sep 1484            Giacomomo Bonarello 
Sep 1484 - 148.            Gianfrancesco da Tolentino         (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
148. - 1487                Domenico Ricio (Ricci)
Aug 1487-  31 Aug 1490     Giuliano Feo
1490 - 1491                Giacomo Feo (1st time)             (b. c.1471 - d. 1495)
1491 - 1493?               Cesare Feo
1493 - May 1495            Tommaso Feo (1st time)
May 1495 - 27 Aug 1495     Giacomo Feo (2nd time)             (s.a.)
Oct 1495 - 149.            Tommaso Feo (2nd time)
c.1498 - Feb 1499          Giovanni Corradino
Feb 1499 - Oct 1499        Simone Ridolfi

Lords
(title Signore di Forlě)

19 Dec 1499 - 22 Oct 1503  Cesare Borgia, duca di Valentino   (b. 1472 - d. 1507)

22 Oct 1503 -  6 Feb 1504  Antonio II Maria Ordelaffi         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 6 Feb 1504 -  7 Apr 1504  Ludovico Ordelaffi                 (b. 146. - d. 1504)

Fosdinovo
[Possible modern flag of
                  Malaspina dynasty (Italy)]
Map of Fosdinovo
Capital: Fosdinovo
 Population: 3,000
(1700)

1202                       Fosdinovo (Fosdenovum) a free commune.
1289                       Lordship of Fosdinovo (Signoria di Fosdinovo).
1340 - 1796                Under the Malaspina dynasty.
26 Jan 1355                Marquistate of Fosdinovo (Marchesato di Fosdinovo).
12 Nov 1529                Imperial right of primogeniture granted by Emperor Karl V, as
                             well as the right of the Imperial Vicar, the first and principal
                             of the house, for the imperial fiefs to Malaspina dynasty in
                             Lunigiana and elsewhere.
19 Jun 1796                French occupation.
16 Oct 1796 -  6 May 1806  Part of Transpadane/Cisalpine/Italian Republic (see Lombardy).
 6 May 1806 - May 1814     Garfagnana with Fosdinovo are dependencies of the Principality
                             of Lucca.
 5 Aug 1811 - Mar 1814     Annexation of the Lunigiana ex-fiefdoms to France.
20 Apr 1814 - 13 Jun 1814  British occupation along with Genoa and Garfagnana.

13 Jun 1814 -  6 May 1816  Occupied by Austria.
13 Jun 1814                Provisional Government of the imperial fiefdoms of Lunigiana 

                            (Governo provvisorio dei Feudi Imperiali di Lunigiana) with a seat
                             in Aulla, formed (Sarzana, Santo Stefano, Ortonovo, Castelnuovo,
                             Fosdinovo, Aulla, Licciana, Terrarossa, Bolano, Albiano, Lerici,
                             Ameglia e Trebiano)(subordinated to the Austrian Plenipotentiary
                             of the Imperial fiefdoms of Lunigiana Joseph von Werklein in Lucca).
 9 Jun 1815                Incorporated into Massa and Carrara.
30 Aug 1816                Incorporated into Modena (part of province of Lunigiana Estense;
                             from 21 Apr 1840, province of Massa and Carrara and Lunigiana
                             Estense). 

11 Jun 1859                Combined with Massa and Carrara and merged into Modena.
Marquesses (title Marchese di Fosdinovo [from 1644, e di Gragnola])
1398 -  9 Apr 1445         Antonio Alberico I               (d. 1445)
                           - jointly with -
1398 - 1405                Gabriele III                     (d. 1405)
 9 Apr 1445 -  3 Feb 1508  Gabriele IV                      (b. 1435/38 - d. 1508)
                           - jointly with following four -
 9 Apr 1445 - 18 Nov 1467  Giacomo I                        (b. 1422/27 - d. 1481)
 9 Apr 1445 - 18 Nov 1467  Spinetta III                     (b. 1436/41 - d. 1505)
 9 Apr 1445 -  4 Jul 1451  Lazzaro                          (b. 1428/29 - d. 1451)
 9 Apr 1445 - 1466         Francesco                        (d. 1485)
 3 Feb 1508 - 1551         Lorenzo                          (d. 1551)
                           - jointly with -
1508 - 1523                Galeotto II                      (d. af.1523)
1551 - 1565                Giuseppe                         (d. 1565)
1565 - 1610                Andrea                           (b. 1544 - d. 1610)
1610 - 1663                Giacomo II                       (b. 1593 - d. 1663)
1663 -  8 Nov 1669         Pasquale                         (b. 1622 – d. 1669)
 8 Nov 1669 - 15 Feb 1671  Ippolito II                      (b. 1628 – d. 1671)
15 Feb 1671 - 1722         Carlo I Agostino                 (b. 1671 – d. 1722)
1722 - 1758                Gabriele V                       (b. 1695 – d. 1758)
1758 - 19 Jun 1796         Carlo II Emanuele                (b. 1752 – d. 1808)
Government Delegate for the Garfagnana
29 Apr 1814 - 1814         Carlo Cali
Chairman of the Provisional Government of the imperial fiefdoms of Lunigiana

13 Jun 1814 - 1815         Luigi Malaspina, marchese di     (b. 1754 - d. 1835)
                             Mulazzo


Genoa
 
[Republic of
                            Genoa flag c.1218-1805, 1814 (Genova,
                            Italy)]
c.1218 - 4 Jun 1805;
26 Apr - 26 Dec 1814
 
[Republic
                            of Genoa state flag, 1637-1797]
1637 - 14 Jun 1797 State flag
 
 
[Republic
                            of Genoa Varaint state flag, c.1746-1797]
c.1746 - 14 Jun 1797 Variant State flag
Map of Republic
 of Genoa

National Anthem
"Il Basso di Genova"
(The Bass of Genoa)
Currency: 1580-1805
Italian
States Lira (XITL)
Constitutions (in Italian)
(2 Dec 1797-1801
24 Jun 1802-1805)
Capital: Genoa
 (Genova)
Military Force: 20,000 (1790) (including irregular 16,000)
National Holiday:
23 Apr (303)
Festa di San Giorgio
(Feast of Saint George)
Population: 600,000 (1797)

af.780                     County of Genoa
958                        Royal grant to the city of legal autonomy, including the right
                             to form an army.
961                       
Marca Obertenga (or marca Januensis) created.
1052 - 1099                Genoa a free commune.
1097                       Foundation of the Compagna Communis Ianuensis, as an association
                             of all feudal lords and of the citizens grouped in eight
                             neighborhoods (Borgo di Prč, Sosiglia, Porta di Banchi [or
                             Portoria], San Lorenzo, Maccagnana [or Mascherona], Piazzalunga,
                             Palazzolo [or Castello], and Portanova).
1099                       Communal government through consuls elected by the patrician
                             families.
1133                       Genoa purchases Portovenere.
1162                       Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa enfeoffs the Riviera from Monaco
                             to Capo Corvo and the Apennines to Genoa.
1191                       Election of the first Podestŕ (mayor) as rector of the commune.
1257                       Election of the first Capitano del Popolo as the head of the
                             communal government.
1261                       Genoa subjugates Ventimiglia.
1271                       Beginning of the alternative periods of the government of two
                             Capitani del Popolo (Captains of the People).
1276                       Genoa obtains Porto Maurizio.
1284 - 15 May 1768         Corsica annexed by Genoa.

1298 - 28 May 1576         Oneglia port enclave a feudal dependency of the Doria family.
27 Jul 1318 -  3 Dec 1334  Joint condominium of the Papal State and Kingdom of Naples.

23 Sep 1339                Republic of Genoa, formally the Most Serene Republic of Genoa
                             (Res publica Ianuensis/Repubblica di Genova),
election of the Doge
                             for life.
 9 Oct 1353 - 14 Nov 1356  Occupied by Milan (see Lombardy).
 
4 Nov 1396 -  3 Sep 1409  French occupation.
 
6 Sep 1409 - 22 Mar 1413  Occupied by Montferrat.
 3 Jul 1415                Republic of Genoa (restored).
 
2 Nov 1421 - 27 Dec 1435  Occupied by Milan.
11 May 1458 - 12 Mar 1461  French occupation (Duchy of Genoa [Duché de Gęnes/Ducato di Genova]).
19 Apr 1464 –  8 Aug 1478  Occupied by Milan.
23 Aug
1487 - 26 Oct 1499  Occupied by Milan.
26 Oct 1499 - 10 Apr 1507  French occupation.

28 Apr 1507 - 29 Jun 1512  French occupation.
 7 Sep 1515 –  2 Jun 1522  French occupation.
Aug 1527 - 12 Sep 1528     French occupation.

12 Oct 1528                Constitution adopted (Leges reipublice genuensis).
                             "Compagna Communis" ceases to exist.
17 Nov 1528                Savona commune annexed.
10 Mar 1576                Constitution adopted.
28 May 1576 - 27 Mar 1801  Port enclave of Oneglia (French: Oneille; modern Imperia) 

                             sold to Savoy-Piedmont.
1580                       Most Serene Republic of Genoa (Serenissima Repubblica di Genova/
                             Ligurian: Sereněscima Repůbrica de Zęna).
1624                       Zuccarello Marquisate sold by Emperor Ferdinand II to Genoa
                             (confirmed 1631). 
21 Apr 1686                Bordighera, Vallebona, Sasso, Soldano, San Biagio, Vallecrosia
                             and Camporosso rebel against the Captaincy to Ventimiglia and
                             form the autonomous Magnificent Community of Eight Villages (la
                             Magnifica Comunitŕ degli Otto Luoghi).
20 Aug 1713                Finale
Marquisate sold to Genoa by Spain.
 6 Sep 1746 -  7 Dec 1746  Imperial (Austrian) occupation.
15 May 1768                Corsica sold to
France.
14 Jun 1797                French occupation.
14 Jun 1797                The Provisional Government established referred to the polity as
                             Repubblica di Genova (Republic of Genoa) or Repubblica Genovese
                            
(Genoese Republic). It was gradually replaced with Repubblica
                             Ligure by the time when the Constitution of 1797 was proclaimed.
17 Oct 1797                Treaty of Campoformio, the Emperor Francis II renounced the Ligurian
                             Imperial fiefdoms by accepting their union with the Genoese
                             Republic (the imperial fiefs constituted a territorial strip that
                             occupied the immediate Oltregiogo, surrounding the few road
                             accesses kept by Genoa, along the Bocchetta road up to Novi, the
                             small towns to the east and west of this were imperial fiefs,
                             such as Busalla, Ronco, Arquata, etc.)
 9 Dec 1797                Ligurian Republic
(Repubblica Ligure/République Ligurienne).
 
5 Jun 1800 - 24 Jun 1800  Austrian and British occupation.
 6 Jun 1800                Most Serene Republic of Genoa (restored).
24 Jun 1800                French occupation, Ligurian Republic (restored).
 4 Jun 1805 - 26 Apr 1814  Annexed to France.
 
9 Jun 1805                Constitution of the Ligurian Republic is abolished, the government is
                             dissolved in accordance with a decree issued by the minister of the
                             interior of the French Empire in Genoa.
 8 Oct 1805                Divided into the French
départements of Apennins, Gęnes (Genoa),
                             and Montenotte.

20 Apr 1814 -  7 Jan 1815  Genoa occupied by British and Sicilian forces.
26 Apr 1814                Most Serene Republic of Genoa (Serenissima Repubblica di Genova)
                             (restored). Constitution of the Republic of Genoa as of 1797 is
                             restored by a proclamation of the commander-in-chief of the army
                             of the United Kingdom issued on 26 Apr 1814 in Genoa.

17 Dec 1814                Representatives of the King of Sardinia agreed to the conditions
                             of incorporation of the states of Genoa into the Kingdom of
                             Sardinia proposed by the Congress of Vienna on 12 Dec 1814.
26 Dec 1814                The government of the Republic of Genoa is dissolved in accordance
                             with a proclamation of the Provisional Government issued on 26 Dec
                             1814 in Genoa (British forces take over the administration on
                             behalf
of Sardinia).
27 Dec 1814                Incorporation of the Republic of Genoa into the Kingdom of Sardinia
                             is declared by a proclamation of the commander of the armed
                             forces of the United Kingdom in Genoa issued on 27 Dec 1814.
 
7 Jan 1815                Annexation to Sardinia-Piedmont proclaimed (the transfer of the
                             government to the commissioner plenipotentiary of the King of
                             Sardinia is declared in accordance with a proclamation of the
                             commander of the armed forces of the United Kingdom in Genoa).

15 Jun 1815                The king of Sardinia adds the "duke of Genoa" to the royal style. 
 2 Apr 1849 - 11 Apr 1849  Genoa proclaims a provisional government and expels royal
                             authorities.
 

Doges
23 Sep 1339 - 23 Dec 1344  Simone Boccanegra (1st time)           (d. 1363)
25 Dec 1344 -  6 Jan 1350  Giovanni da Murta                      (d. 1350)
 9 Jan 1350 -  8 Oct 1353  Giovanni da Valente                    (b. 1280 - d. 1360)
Visconti Governors
 9 Oct 1353 -  3 May 1355  Guglielmo Pallavicino                  (d. 1360)
 3 May 1355 - 1356         Luchino Dal Verme                      (b. 1320 - d. 1367)
1356 - 14 Nov 1356         Gaspare Visconti
Doges
(official style Serenissimo Duce e governatore)
15 Nov 1356 -  3 Mar 1363  Simone Boccanegra (2nd time)           (s.a.)
14 Mar 1363 - 13 Aug 1370  Gabriele Adorno                        (b. 1320 - d. 1383)
13 Aug 1370 - 17 Jun 1378  Domenico Fregoso                       (b. 1325 - d. 1390)
17 Jun 1378                Antoniotto Adorno (1st time)           (b. 1340 - d. 1398) 
17 Jun 1378 -  7 Apr 1383  Nicolň Guarco                          (b. 1325 - d. 1385)
 7 Apr 1383                Federico da Pagana                     (b. 1315 - d. 1406)
 7 Apr 1383 - 14 Jun 1384  Leonardo Montaldo                      (b. 1319 - d. 1384)
15 Jun 1384 -  3 Aug 1390  Antoniotto Adorno (2nd time)           (s.a.) 
 3 Aug 1390 -  6 Apr 1391  Giacomo Fregoso                        (b. 1340 - d. 1420)
 6 Apr 1391 - 16 Jun 1392  Antoniotto Adorn
o (3rd time)           (s.a.)
16 Jun 1392 - 15 Jul 1393  Antonio Montaldo (1st time)            (b. 1368 - d. 1398)
15 Jul 1393                Pietro Fregoso                         (b. 1330 - d. 1404)
15 Jul 1393 - 16 Jul 1393  Clemente Promontorio                   (b. 1340 - d. 1415)
16 Jul 1393 - 30 Aug 1393  Francesco Giustiniani Garibaldo        (b. 1336 - d. 1408)
30 Aug 1393 - 24 May 1394  Antonio Montaldo (2nd time)            (s.a.)
24 May 1394 - 17 Aug 1394  Nicolň Zoagli                          (b. 1340 - d. 1408)
27 Aug 1394 -  3 Sep 1394  Antonio Guarco                         (b. 1360 - d. 1405)
 3 Sep 1394 - 27 Nov 1396  Antoniotto Adorno (4th time)           (s.a.)
French Governors

27 Nov 1396 - 18 Mar 1397  Antoniotto Adorno                      (s.a.)
18 Mar 1397 - Aug 1397     Valéran III de Luxembourg              (b. c.1357 - d. 1415)
                             (Vallerano di Lussemburgo)
Aug 1397 - 21 Sep 1398     Borleo de Luxembourg (acting)
                             (Borleo di Lussemburgo)
21 Sep 1398 - 17 Jan 1400  Collart de Colleville
                            
(Collardo di Callevilla)
17 Jan 1400 - 21 Mar 1400  Battista Boccanegra                    (b. 1359 - d. 1401)
                             (not recognized by France)
26 Mar 1400 - 18 Apr 1400  Battista de Franchi-Luxardo -Rettore
                             (not recognized by France)
18 Apr 1400 - 17 Oct 1400  Council of 15 Elders
17 Oct 1400 - 20 Sep 1401  Battista de Franchi-Luxardo
                           + Rinaldo d'Olivar (Renaud Olivier)
                              (to 20 Oct 1400)
20 Sep 1401 - 31 Oct 1401  Priors
                           - Antonio Giustiniani
                           - Giorgio Adorno
                       (b. 1350 - d. 1430)
31 Oct 1401 - 31 Jul 1409  Jean le Maingre, seigneur de Boucicaut (b. 1364 - d. 1421)
31 Jul 1409 -  3 Sep 1409  Hugo de Choleton (
Ugo di Cholet)       (d. 1409)
Doges
(official style Serenissimo Duce e governatore)
 
6 Sep 1409 - 22 Mar 1413  the marquess of Monferrat
22 Mar 1413 - 27 Mar 1413  Eight Rectors
                           (8 popolari, 1 borghese)
                           - Barnabe di Guano
                           - Francesco Giustiniano
                           - Raffaello Giudice
                           - Carlo Ciconia
                           - Antonio di Pavero
                           - Gioanni Greppo
                           - Gioanni Calacio
                           - Battista di Zoaglio
                           - Giacobo di Sori
27 Mar 1413 - 23 Mar 1415  Giorgio Adorno                         (s.a.)

24 Mar 1415 - 29 Mar 1415  Tommaso Campofregoso                   (b. 1370 - d. 1453)
                           + Giacomo Giustiniani
                           (provisional government)
29 Mar 1415 -  3 Jul 1415  Barnaba Guarco (Giano)                 (b. 1370 - d. 1454)
 4 Jul 1415 -  2 Nov 1421  Tommaso Campofregoso (1st time)        (s.a.)
Lord (Signore di Genova)
 2 Nov 1421 - 27 Dec 1435  the duke of Milan
Milan govenors

25 Dec 1421 - 17 Jan 1422  Francesco Bussone (1st time)           (b. c.1385 - d. 1432)
17 Jan 1422 - 31 Mar 1422  Urbano di Sant'Alosio
31 Mar 1422 -  5 Dec 1422  Four Rectors
                           - Pietro dei Zorzi, vescovo di Novara
                           - Guidone Torello
                           - Sperone di Pietrasanta 
                           - Franchino di Castiglione
 5 Dec 1424 - 15 Nov 1424  Francesco Bussone (2nd time)           (s.a.)

15 Nov 1424 - Feb 1428     Giacomo degli Isolani                  (b. 1360 - d. 1431)
28 Feb 1428 - 1431         Bartolomeo della Capra                 (b. c.1365 - d. 1433)
1431 - 1434                Oldrado di Lampugnano                  (b. 1380 - d. 1460)
1425 - 25 Dec 1435         Oppizino di Alzate -Commissioner       (d. 1435)
1435 - 25 Dec 1435         Francesco Barbavara -Commissioner      (d. af.1445)
25 Dec 1435 - 25 Dec 1435  Erasmo da Trivulzio                    (d. 1459)
Doges
28 Mar 1436 -  3 Apr 1436  Isnardo Guarco                         (b. 1380 - d. 1458)
 3 Apr 1436 - 24 Mar 1437  Tommaso Campofregoso (2nd time)        (s.a.)
24 Mar 1437                Batista I Fegoso                       (b. 1380 - d. 1442)
24 Mar 1437 - 18 Dec 1442  Tommaso Campofregoso (3rd time)        (s.a.)
19 Dec 1442 - 28 Jan 1443  Eight Captains of Liberty
                           - Raffaelo Adorno                      (b. 1375 - d. 1458)
                           - Gioanne Antonio di Flisco Cavaliero
                           - Paolo di Albaro
                           - Andalo Maruffo
                           - Lamba Doria
                           - Battista Spinola
                           - Meliaduce Salvago
                           - Domenico Ricio di Bargaglio
28 Jan 1443 -  4 Jan 1447  Raffaele Adorno                        (s.a.)

 4 Jan 1447 - 30 Jan 1447  Barnaba Adorno                         (b. 1385 - d. 1459)
30 Jan 1447 - 16 Dec 1448  Giano I di Campofregoso                (b. 1405 - d. 1448)
16 Dec 1448 -  4 Sep 1450  Lodovico di Campofregoso (1st time)    (b. 1415 - d. 1489)
 8 Sep 1450 - 11 May 1458  Pietro II di Campofregoso              (b. 1417 - d. 1459)
French governors
11 May 1458 - 11 Sep? 1459 Jean d'Anjou, duc de Calabre et        (b. 1425 - d. 1470)
                             de Lorraine 
11 Sep? 1459 -  9 Mar 1461 Louis de Laval, seigneur de Chastillon (b. 1411 - d. 1489)
Doges
 9 Mar 1461 - 12 Mar 1461  Eight Captains of the Craftsmen
12 Mar 1461 -  3 Jul 1461  Prospero Adorno (1st time)             (b. 1428 - d. 1485)
 
3 Jul 1461 - 14 Jul 1461  Spinetta di Campofregoso               (b. 1400 - d. 1467)
24 Jul 1461 - 14 May 1462  Lodovico di Campofregoso (2nd time)    (s.a.)
14 May 1462 - 31 May 1462  Paolo Fregoso, arcivescovo di Genova   (b. 1427 - d. 1498)
                             (1st time)
31 May 1462 -  8 Jun 1462  Four Captains of the Craftsmen
                           - Simone Cantalupo
                           - Cristoforo Davagna
                           - Domenico Trabuco
                           - Corrado Bozomo
 
8 Jun 1462 -  9 Jan 1463  Lodovico di Campofregoso (3rd time)    (s.a.)

 8 Jan 1462 - 19 Apr 1464  Paolo Fregoso, arcivescovo di Genova   (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Lord (Signore di Genova)
19 Apr 1464 -  8 Aug 1478  the duke of Milan
Milan governors

19 Apr 1464 - 18 Sep? 1464 Gaspare da Vimercate                   (b. c.1410 - d. 1467)
28 Sep 1464 - 13 May 1466  Corrado da Fogliano (1st time)         (d. 1470)
May 1464 - Aug? 1466       Baldassarre della Corte
 1 Sep 1466 - 29 Sep 1468  Sagramoro Menclozzo Visconte
 7 Oct 1468 - 22 Aug 1470  Corrado da Fogliano (2nd time)         (s.a.)
23 Aug 1470 - 17 Dec 1470  Giacomo Bovarello
 3 Jan 1471 -  1 Jul 1473  Giovanni Pallavicino
 7 Jul 1473 - 19 Oct 1475  Guido Visconte 
Oct 1475 -  4 Feb 1477     Gian Francesco Pallavicino             (d. 1497)
26 Dec 1476 - 15 Mar 1477  Gian Galeazzo Maria Sforza             (b. 1468 - d. 1494)
20 Mar 1477 - 28 Apr 1477  Eight Defenders of the Fatherland
                           (in opposition to Milanese rule)
                           - Pietro di Maggiolo
                           - Domenico di Promontorio
                           - Luigi di Rivarolo
                           - Bartolomeo Canecia
                           - Niccolň di Marcio
                           - Gregorio di Ovada
                           - Ceva Doria di Bartolomeo
                           - Geronimo Grimaldo
30 Apr 1477 - 1478         Prospero Adorno                        (s.a.)
1478                       Branda Castiglioni
Doges
17 Aug 1478 - 25 Nov 1478  Prospero Adorno (2nd time)             (s.a.)
23 Oct 1478 - 25 Nov 1478  Lodovico di Campofregoso               (s.a.)
                           + Prospero Adorno                      (s.a.)
25 Nov 1478 - 25 Nov 1483  Battista II Fregoso                    (b. 1450 - d. 1504)
25 Nov 1483 - Aug 1487     Paolo Fregoso, arcivescovo di Genova   (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
Lord (Signore di Genova)
23 Aug 1487 - 26 Oct 1499  the duke of Milan
Milan governors
 6 Jan? 1488 - 7 Aug 1488  Paolo Fregoso, arcivescovo di Genova   (s.a.)
 7 Aug 1488 - 13 Sep 1488 
Captains of the People (later Reformers of the Republic)
                           -
Gioanni Francesco Spinola
                           - Constantino Doria
                           - Francesco Lomellino
                           - Pietro di Persio
                           - Pietro Murchio
                           - .... [6 unknown]
                           - Agostino Adorno (from .... 1488)
                           - Giovanni Adorn  (from .... 1488)
                           - Obietto Fregoso (from ... 1488)
                           - Agostino Fregoso (from ... 1488)
                           - Battista Fregoso (from ... 1488)
13 Sep 1488 - 26 Oct 1499  Agostino Adorno

1494 - 26 Oct 1499         Corrado Stanga -Commissioner
French governors
26 Oct 1499 -  3 Nov 1499  Scipione Barbavara                     (b. c.1442 - d. 1505)
 4 Nov 1499 - 25 Oct 1506  Philippe de Clčves, sieur de           (b. 1459 - d. 1528)
                             Ravenstein et Enghien
Jun 1506 - 12 Mar 1507     Filippo Roccabertin -Lieutenant
D
oge
10 Apr 1507 - 28 Apr 1507  Paolo da Novi                          (b. 1440 - d. 1507)
French governors
28 Apr 1507 - May 1507     Philippe de Clčves, sieur de           (s.a.)
                             Ravenstein et Enghien
May 1507 - Oct 1508        Rodolphe de Lanoyseigneur de         (b. 14.. - d. 1513)
                             Morvilliers et de Foleville
Oct 1508 - 20 Jun 1512     François de Rochechouart de            (b. 1450 - d. 1530)
                             Champdeniers-Saint-Denis
Doges (official style Serenissimo Duce e governatore)
29 Jun 1512 - 25 May 1513  Giano II di Campofregoso               (b. 1455 - d. 1525)
25 May 1513 - 16 Jun 1513  Antoniotto II Adorno -French Governor  (b. 1479 - d. 1528)
18 Jun 1513 - Nov 1515     Ottaviano Fregoso                      (b. 1470 - d. 1524)
20 Nov 1515 -  2 Jun 1522  Ottaviano Fregoso -French Governor     (s.a.)
 
2 Jun 1522 - Aug 1527     Antoniotto II Adorno                   (s.a.)
Aug 1527 - 12 Sep 1528     Teodoro Trivulzio -French Governor     (b. 1458 - d. 1531)
12 Sep 1528 - 11 Dec 1528 
Twelve Reformers of Freedom
                           -
Franco de Flisco (Fieschi)
                           - Battista di Antonio Spinola
                           - Agostino di Pietro Pallavicini
                           - Stefano Giustiniano
                           - Simone Centurione
                           - Agostino di Battista Lomellino
                           - Filippo di Cristoforo Cattaneo
                           - Vincenzo Sauli da Rapallo
                           - Giovanni Battista di Moneglia
                             (or Fornari)
                           - Giovanni de Marino Davagna
                           - Niccolň de Grimaldi Cebŕ
                           - Gerolamo di Agostino Doria
12 Dec 1528 -  4 Jan 1531  Oberto Cattaneo Lazzari                (b. 1473 - d. 1533)

 4 Jan 1531 -  4 Jan 1533  Battista Spinola                       (b. 1472 - d. 1539)
 4 Jan 1533 -  4 Jan 1535  Battista Lomellini                     (b. 1460 - d. 1540)
 4 Jan 1535 -  4 Jan 1537  Cristoforo Grimaldi Rosso              (b. 1480 - d. 1563) 
 4 Jan 1537 -  4 Jan 1539  Giovanni Battista Doria                (b. 1470 - d. 1563)
 4 Jan 1539 -  4 Jan 1541  Giannandrea Giustiniani Longo          (b. 1494 - d. 1554) 
 4 Jan 1541 -  4 Jan 1543  Leonardo Cattaneo della Volta          (b. 1487 - d. 1572)
 4 Jan 1543 -  4 Jan 1545  Andrea Centurione Pietrasanta          (b. 1471 - d. 1546)
 4 Jan 1545 -  4 Jan 1547  Giovanni Battista De Fornari           (b. 1484 - d. 1560) 
 4 Jan 1547 -  4 Jan 1549  Benedetto Gentile Pevere               (b. 1490 - d. 1555)
 4 Jan 1549 -  4 Jan 1551  Gaspare Grimaldi Bracelli              (b. 1477 - d. 1552)
 4 Jan 1551 -  4 Jan 1553  Luca I Spinola                         (b. 1489 - d. 1579)
 4 Jan 1553 -  4 Jan 1555  Giacomo Promontorio                    (b. 1508 - d. 1578)
 4 Jan 1555 -  4 Jan 1557  Agostino Pinello Ardimenti             (b. 1492 - d. 1566)
 4 Jan 1557 -  3 Dec 1558  Pietro Giovanni Chiavica Cibo          (b. 1481 - d. 1558)
 4 Jan 1559 -  4 Jan 1561  Girolamo Vivaldi                       (b. 1495 - d. 1577)
 4 Jan 1561 - 27 Sep 1561  Paolo Battista Giudice Calvi           (b. 1490 - d. 1561)
 4 Oct 1561 -  4 Oct 1563  Giovanni Battista Cicala Zoaglio       (b. 1484 - d. 1565) 
 7 Oct 1563 -  7 Oct 1565  Giovanni Battista I Lercari            (b. 1505 - d. 1592)
11 Oct 1565 - 11 Oct 1567  Ottavio Gentile Oderico                (b. 1499 - d. 1575)
15 Oct 1567 -  3 Oct 1569  Simone Spinola                         (b. 1497 - d. 1569)
 6 Oct 1569 -  6 Oct 1571  Paolo Giustiniani Moneglia             (b. 1506 - d. 1586) 
10 Oct 1571 - 10 Oct 1573  Gianotto Lomellini                     (b. 1519 - d. 1574)
16 Oct 1573 - 17 Oct 1575  Giacomo Durazzo Grimaldi               (b. 1503 - d. 1579)
17 Oct 1575 - 17 Oct 1577  Prospero Centurione Fattinanti         (b. 1510 - d. 1581)
19 Oct 1577 - 19 Oct 1579  Giovanni Battista Gentile Pignolo      (b. 1525 - d. 1595)
20 Oct 1579 - 20 Oct 1581  Nicolň Doria                           (b. 1525 - d. 1592)
21 Oct 1581 - 21 Oct 1583  Gerolamo I De Franchi Toso             (b. 1522 - d. 1586) 
 4 Nov 1583 -  4 Nov 1585  Gerolamo Chiavari                      (b. 1521 - d. 1586) 
 8 Nov 1585 - 13 Nov 1587  Ambrogio Di Negro                      (b. 1519 - d. 1601)
14 Nov 1587 - 14 Nov 1589  Davide Vacca (Vaccari)                 (b. 1518 - d. 1607) 
20 Nov 1589 - 15 Nov 1591  Battista Negrone                       (b. 1530 - d. 1592)
27 Nov 1591 - 26 Nov 1593  Giovanni Agostino Giustiniani Campi    (b. 1538 - d. 1613) 
27 Nov 1593 - 26 Nov 1595  Antonio Grimaldi Cebŕ (1st time)       (b. 1520 - d. 1599)
 5 Dec 1595 -  4 Dec 1597  Matteo Senarega                        (b. 1534 - d. 1606)
10 Dec 1597 - 15 Feb 1599  Lazzaro Grimaldi Cebŕ (2nd time)       (s.a.) 
22 Feb 1599 - 21 Feb 1601  Lorenzo Sauli                          (b. 1535 - d. 1601)
24 Feb 1601 - 25 Feb 1603  Agostino Doria                         (b. 1540 - d. 1607)
26 Feb 1603 - 27 Feb 1605  Pietro De Franchi Sacco                (b. 1545 - d. 1611) 
 1 Mar 1605 -  2 Mar 1607  Luca Grimaldi De Castro                (b. 1645 - d. 1610) 
 3 Mar 1607 - 17 Mar 1607  Silvestro Invrea                       (b. 1530 - d. 1607)
22 Mar 1607 - 23 Mar 1609  Gerolamo Assereto                      (b. 1543 - d. 1627)
 1 Apr 1609 -  2 Apr 1611  Agostino Luciani Pinello               (b. 1537 - d. 1620)
 6 Apr 1611 -  6 Apr 1613  Alessandro Giustiniani Longo           (b. 1554 - d. 1631) 
21 Apr 1613 - 21 Apr 1615  Tomaso Spinola                         (b. 1557 - d. 1631)
23 Apr 1615 - 25 Apr 1617  Bernardo Clavarezza                    (b. 1560 - d. 1627) 
29 Apr 1617 - 29 Apr 1619  Giovanni Giacomo Imperiale Tartaro     (b. 1554 - d. 1622)  
 2 May 1619 -  2 May 1621  Pietro I Durazzo                       (b. 1560 - d. 1631)
 4 May 1621 - 12 Jun 1621  Ambrogio Doria                         (b. 1550 - d. 1621)
22 Jun 1621 - 22 Jun 1623  Giorgio Centurione                     (b. 1553 - d. 1629)
25 Jun 1623 - 16 Jun 1625  Federico De Franchi Toso               (b. 1560 - d. 1630) 
16 Jun 1625 - 25 Jun 1627  Giacomo Lomellini                      (b. 1570 - d. 1652) 
28 Jun 1627 - 28 Jun 1629  Giovanni Luca Chiavari                 (b. 1573 - d. 1657)
28 Jun 1629 - 26 Jun 1631  Andrea Spinola                         (b. 1562 - d. 1641) 
30 Jun 1631 - 30 Jun 1633  Leonardo Della Torre                   (b. 1570 - d. 1651)
 
9 Jul 1633 -  5 Jul 1635  Giovanni Stefano Doria                 (b. 1578 - d. 1643) 
11 Jul 1635 - 11 Jul 1637  Giovanni Francesco I Brignole Sale     (b. 1582 - d. 1637) 
13 Jul 1637 - 13 Jul 1639  Agostino Pallavicini                   (b. 1577 - d. 1649) 
28 Jul 1639 - 28 Jul 1641  Giovanni Battista Durazzo              (b. 1565 - d. 1642)
 4 Aug 1641 - 19 Jun 1642  Giovanni Agostino De Marini            (b. 1572 - d. 1642)
 4 Jul 1642 -  4 Jul 1644  Giovanni Battista II Lercari           (b. 1576 - d. 1657)
21 Jul 1644 - 21 Jul 1646  Luca Giustiniani                       (b. 1586 - d. 1651)
24 Jul 1646 - 24 Jul 1648  Giovanni Battista Lomellini            (b. 1597 - d. 1674)
 1 Aug 1648 -  1 Aug 1650  Giacomo De Franchi Toso                (b. 1590 - d. 1650)
23 Aug 1650 - 23 Aug 1652  Agostino Centurione                    (b. 1584 - d. 1657)
 8 Nov 1652 -  8 Sep 1654  Gerolamo II De Franchi Toso            (b. 1590 - d. 1657)
 9 Oct 1654 -  9 Oct 1656  Alessandro Spinola                     (b. 1589 - d. 1676)
12 Oct 1656 - 12 Oct 1658  Giulio Sauli                           (b. 1578 - d. 1688)
15 Oct 1658 - 15 Oct 1660  Giovanni Battista Centurione           (b. 1606 - d. 1692)
28 Oct 1660 - 22 Mar 1661  Gian Bernardo Frugoni                  (b. 1590 - d. 1661)
29 Mar 1661 - 29 Mar 1663  Antoniotto Invrea                      (b. 1588 - d. 1669) 
12 Apr 1663 - 12 Apr 1665  Stefano De Mari                        (b. 1593 - d. 1674)
18 Apr 1665 - 18 Apr 1667  Cesare Durazzo                         (b. 1593 - d. 1680)
10 May 1667 - 10 May 1669  Cesare Gentile                         (b. 1614 - d. 1681)
18 Jun 1669 - 18 Jun 1671  Francesco Garbarino                    (b. 1607 - d. 1672)
27 Jun 1671 - 27 Jun 1673  Alessandro Grimaldi                    (b. 1621 - d. 1683)
 5 Jul 1673 -  4 Jul 1675  Agostino Saluzzo                       (b. 1608 - d. 1700)
11 Jul 1675 - 11 Jul 1677  Antonio Da Passano                     (b. 1599 - d. 1688)
16 Jul 1677 - 16 Jul 1679  Giannettino Odone                      (b. 1626 - d. 1698) 
29 Jul 1679 - 29 Jul 1681  Agostino Spinola                       (b. 1624 - d. 1692)
13 Aug 1681 - 13 Aug 1683  Luca Maria Invrea                      (b. 1624 - d. 1693)
18 Aug 1683 - 18 Aug 1685  Francesco Maria Lercari Imperiale      (b. 1629 - d. 1712) 
23 Aug 1685 - 23 Aug 1687  Pietro II Durazzo                      (b. 1632 - d. 1699)
27 Aug 1687 - 27 Aug 1689  Luca II Spinola                        (b. 1628 - d. 1715)
31 Aug 1689 -  1 Sep 1691  Oberto Della Torre                     (b. 1617 - d. 1698)
 4 Sep 1691 -  5 Sep 1693  Giovanni Battista Cattaneo Della Volta (b. 1638 - d. 1721) 
 9 Sep 1693 -  9 Sep 1695  Francesco Invrea                       (b. 1641 - d. 1723)
16 Sep 1695 - 16 Sep 1697  Bendinelli Negrone                     (b. 1627 - d. 1707)
17 Sep 1697 - 26 May 1699  Francesco Maria Sauli                  (b. 1620 - d. 1699) 
 3 Jun 1699 -  3 Jun 1701  Gerolamo De Mari                       (b. 1644 - d. 1702)
 7 Jun 1701 -  7 Jun 1703  Federico De Franchi Toso               (b. 1640 - d. 1737)
 
7 Aug 1703 -  1 Aug 1705  Antonio Grimaldi Cebŕ                  (b. 1640 - d. 1717)
12 Aug 1705 - 13 Aug 1707  Stefano Onorato Ferretti               (b. 1641 - d. 1720)
 9 Sep 1707 -  9 Sep 1709  Domenico Maria de Mari                 (b. 1653 - d. 1725) 
 
9 Sep 1709 - 14 Sep 1711  Vincenzo Durazzo                       (b. 1635 - d. 1712)
17 Sep 1711 - 22 Sep 1713  Francesco Maria Imperiale              (b. 1654 - d. 1737)
22 Dep 1713 - 22 Sep 1715  Giovanni Antonio Giustiniani Campi     (b. 1660 - d. 1735)
26 Sep 1715 - 26 Sep 1717  Lorenzo Centurione Becchignoni         (b. 1645 - d. 1735)
30 Sep 1717 - 30 Sep 1719  Benedetto Viale                        (b. 1660 - d. 1749)
 4 Oct 1719 -  4 Oct 1721  Ambrogio Imperiale Lomellini           (b. 1649 - d. 1729)
 8 Oct 1721 -  8 Oct 1723  Cesare De Franchi Toso                 (b. 1666 - d. 1739)
13 Oct 1723 - 13 Oct 1725  Domenico Negrone                       (b. 1672 - d. 1736)
18 Jan 1726 - 18 Jan 1728  Gerolamo Veneroso                      (b. 1660 - d. 1749)
22 Jan 1728 - 22 Jan 1530  Luca Grimaldi                          (b. 1675 - d. 1750)
25 Jan 1730 - 26 Jan 1732  Francesco Maria Balbi                  (b. 1671 - d. 1747)
29 Jan 1732 - 29 Jan 1734  Domenico Maria Spinola                 (b. 1666 - d. 1743)
 3 Feb 1734 -  3 Feb 1736  Giovanni Stefano Durazzo               (b. 1668 - d. 1744)
 7 Feb 1736 -  7 Feb 1738  Niccolň Cattaneo Della Volta           (b. 1679 - d. 1751)
11 Feb 1738 - 11 May 1739  Costantino Balbi                       (b. 1676 - d. 1741)
16 Feb 1740 - 16 Feb 1742  Niccolň Spinola                        (b. 1678 - d. 1743)
20 Feb 1742 - 20 Feb 1744  Domenico Maria Canevaro                (b. 1683 - d. 1745)
27 Feb 1744 -  1 Mar 1746  Lorenzo De Mari                        (b. 1685 - d. 1772)
 3 Mar 1746 -  4 Mar 1748  Giovanni Francesco II Brignol Sale     (b. 1695 - d. 1760)
 7 Sep 1746 -  5 Dec 1746  Antoniotto Botta Adorno                (b. 1688 - d. 1774)
                             (Austrian governor)
 6 Mar 1748 -  6 Mar 1750  Cesare Cattaneo Della Volta            (b. 1680 - d. 1756)
10 Mar 1750 - 10 Mar 1752  Agostino Viale                         (b. 1692 - d. 1777)
28 Mar 1752 -  3 Jun 1752  Stefano Lomellini                      (b. 1683 - d. 1753)
 7 Jun 1752 -  7 Jun 1754  Giovanni Battista Grimaldi             (b. 1678 - d. 1757)
11 Jun 1754 - 16 May 1756  Giovanni Giacomo Stefano Veneroso      (b. 1701 - d. 1758)
22 Jun 1756 - 22 Jun 1758  Giovanni Giacomo Grimaldi              (b. 1705 - d. 1777)
22 Aug 1758 - 22 Aug 1760  Giovanni Matteo Francesco Maria        (b. 1680 - d. 1767)
                             Franzoni 
10 Sep 1760 - 10 Sep 1762  Agostino Lomellini                     (b. 1709 - d. 1791)
25 Nov 1762 - 25 Nov 1764  Rodolfo Emilio Maria Brignole Sale     (b. 1708 - d. 1774)
29 Jan 1765 - 29 Jan 1767  Francesco Maria Gaetano Della Rovere   (b. 1695 - d. 1768)
 3 Feb 1767 -  3 Feb 1769  Marcello Giuseppe Durazzo              (b. 1710 - d. 1791)
16 Feb 1769 - 26 Jan 1771  Giovanni Battista Negrone              (b. 1695 - d. 1771)
16 Apr 1771 - 21 Dec 1772  Giovanni Battista Cambiaso             (b. 1711 - d. 1772)
 7 Jan 1773 - 12 Jan 1773  Ferdinando Spinola                     (b. 1694 - d. 1778)
26 Jan 1773 - 26 Jan 1775  Alessandro Piero Francesco Grimaldi    (b. 1715 - d. 1791)
31 Jan 1775 - 31 Jan 1777  Fabrizio "Brizio" Giustiniani Banca    (b. 1713 - d. 1778)
 4 Feb 1777 -  4 Feb 1779  Giuseppe Lomellini                     (b. 1723 - d. 1803)
 4 Mar 1779 -  4 Mar 1781  Giacomo Maria Brignole (1st time)      (b. 1724 - d. 1801)
 8 Mar 1781 -  8 Mar 1783  Marco Antonio Gentile                  (b. 1723 - d. 1798)
 6 May 1783 -  6 May 1785  Giovanni Battista Airoli               (b. 1731 - d. 1808)
 6 Jun 1785 -  6 Jun 1787  Giovanni Carlo Pallavicini             (b. 1722 - d. 1794)
 4 Jul 1787 -  4 Jul 1789  Raffaele De Ferrari Rodino             (b. 1732 - d. 1801)
30 Jul 1789 - 30 Jul 1791  Alerame Maria Pallavicini              (b. 1730 - d. 1805)
 3 Sep 1791 -  3 Sep 1793  Michelangelo Agostino Cambiaso         (b. 1738 - d. 1813)
16 Sep 1793 - 30 Sep 1795  Giuseppe Maria Doria, duca di          (b. 1730 - d. 1816) 
                             Massanova
17 Nov 1795 - 14 Jun 1797  Giacomo Maria Brignole (2nd time)      (s.a.)
President Doge
14 Jun 1797 - 29 Jun 1797  Giacomo Maria Brignole                 (s.a.)
President of the Provisional Government
29 Jun 1797 - 17 Jan 1798  Giacomo Maria Brignole                 (s.a.)
President of the Provisional Executive Power
17 Jan 1798 - 24 Jan 1798  Luigi Domenico Gaetano Carbonara       (b. 1753 - d. 1826)
Presidents of the Executive Directory
24 Jan 1798 - 23 Mar 1798  Luigi Emanuele Corvetto (1st time)     (b. 1756 - d. 1821)
24 Mar 1798 - 23 May 1798  Nicolň Littardi (1st time)             (b. 1748 - d. 1820)
24 May 1798 - 23 Jul 1798  Paolo Costa (1st time) 
24 Jul 1798 - 23 Sep 1798  Agostino Maglione (1st time)           (b. 1744 - d. 1819)
24 Sep 1798 - 23 Nov 1798  Giorgio Ambrogio Molfino
24 Nov 1798 - 23 Jan 1799  Luigi Emanuele Corvetto (2nd time)     (s.a.)
24 Jan 1799 - 23 Mar 1799  Nicolň Littardi (2nd time)             (s.a.)
24 Mar 1799 - 23 May 1799  Paolo Costa (2nd time)
24 May 1799 -  7 Jul 1799  Agostino Maglione (2nd time)           (s.a.)
 7 Jul 1799 - 31 Jul 1799  Giovanni Battista Rossi 
 1 Aug 1799 - 30 Sep 1799  Francesco Massucone
 1 Oct 1799 - 30 Nov 1799  Pietro Ferreri                         (b. 1758 - d. 18..)
 1 Dec 1799 -  7 Dec 1799  Luigi Alessandro Lupi                  (b. 1752 - d. 1804)
 8 Dec 1799 - 31 Mar 1800  Commission of Government 
                           - Francesco Maria Boselli
                              (to Dec 1799)                       (b. 1768 - d. 1826)
                           - Emanuele Montebruno (to Dec 1799)
                           - Giuseppe Assereto (to Jan 1800)
                           - Domenico Mongiardini (to Jan 1800)
                           - Giuseppe Cambiaso (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Giovanni Battista Tanlongo 
                             (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Michelangelo Agostino Cambiaso       (s.a.)
                             (1st time) (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Girolamo Luigi Francesco Durazzo     (b. 1739 - d. 1809)
                             (1st time) (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Luigi Emanuele Corvetto              (s.a.)
                             (1st time) (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Emanuele Balbi (to Feb 1800)
                           - Schiaffino (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Luigi Marchello (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Domenico Straforello (to 10 Feb 1800)
                           - Francesco Maria Ruzza (1st time)
                           - Giuseppe Bollo (1st time)
                           - Domenico Rivarola (1st time)
31 Mar 1800 -  4 Jun 1800  Commission of Government
                           - Michelangelo Agostino Cambiaso       (s.a.)
                              (2nd time)
                           - Luigi Emanuele Corvetto (2nd time)   (s.a.)
                           - Emanuele Guecco (1st time)
                           - Girolamo Luigi Francesco Durazzo     (s.a.)
                              (2nd time)
                           - Giuseppe Bollo (2nd time)
                           - Francesco Maria Ruzza (2nd time)
                           - Stefano Emanuele Sommariva 
                              (1st time)
                           - Antonio Boccardo (1st time)
                           - Domenico Rivarola (2nd time)
                           - Giuliano Arena (1st time)
General Commander of the City of Genoa and its Riviera
 6 Jun 1800 - 24 Jun 1800  Friedrich Franz Xaver von Hohenzollern (b. 1757 - d. 1844)  Mil
                             -Hechingen (Austria)
 6 Jun 1800 - 24 Jun 1800 
Provisional Imperial and Royal Regency
                           - Pietro Paolo Celesia
                           - Carlo Cambiaso
                           - Agostino Spinola
                           - Giovanni Bernardo Pallavicini
                           - Francesco Spinola
                           - Luigi Lambruschini                   (b. 1776 - d. 1854)
24 Jun 1800 - 27 Jun 1800  Deputation of Government
                           - Antonio Boccardo (2nd time)
                           - Giuseppe Bollo (3rd time)
                           - Andrea Badarň
27 Jun 1800 -  2 Jul 1800  Commission of Government
                           - Emanuele Guecco (2nd time)
                           - Girolamo Luigi Francesco Durazzo     (s.a.)
                              (3rd time)
                           - Giuseppe Bollo (4th time)
                           - Stefano Emanuele Sommariva (2nd time)
                           - Antonio Boccardo (3rd time)
                           - Domenico Rivarola (3rd time)
                           - Giuliano Arena (2nd time) 
 2 Jul 1800 - 10 Aug 1802  Extraordinary Commission of Government
                           - Giovanni Battista Rossi
                           - Agostino Maglione (to 1800)          (s.a.)
                           - Giuseppe Fravega (1800-1801)         (b. 1766 - d. 1833)
                           - Tommaso Langlade (from 1801)
                           - Agostino Pareto
                           - Girolamo Francesco Luciano Serra     (b. 1761 - d. 1837)
                           - Antonio Mongiardini
                           - Luigi Domenico Gaetano Carbonara     (s.a.)
                           - Luigi Alessandro Lupi (to 1801)      (s.a.)
                           - Giuseppe de Ambrosis (from 1801)     (b. 1755 - d. 1847)
Doge of the Republic
10 Aug 1802 -  4 Jun 1805  Girolamo Luigi Francesco Durazzo       (s.a.)
                            
(nominated by Napoléon Bonaparte on 30 Jul 1802)
Governor-general of Liguria
 4 Jun 1805 - Jun 1806     Charles François Lebrun                (b. 1737 - d. 1824)
Prefects of Apennins département
 8 Oct 1805 - 1810         Jean-André Louis Rolland de            (b. 1764 - d. 1849)
                             Villarceaux
30 Nov 1810 - 1814         Maurice Jean Duval, dit Maruice        (b. 1778 - d. 1861)
                             Duval
Prefects of Gęnes département
 8 Oct 1805 -  2 Feb 1806  Jean Xavier Bureaux de Puzy            (b. 1750 - d. 1806)
13 Mar 1806 - 11 Feb 1809  Marie-Just-Antoine de La Rivoire,      (b. 1751 - d. 1819)
                             marquis de La Tourette
11 Feb 1809 - 1814         Marc Antoine Bourdon de Vatry          (b. 1761 - d. 1828)
Prefects of Montenotte département
 8 Oct 1805 - 1806         Hugues Eugčne Nardon                   (b. 1768 - d. 1812)
31 Jan 1806 - 23 Déc 1812  Gilbert Joseph Gaspard de Chabrol      (b. 1773 - d. 1843)
                             de Volvic (from 17 May 1810, baron
                             de Chabrol de Volvic)
12 Mar 1813 - 1814         Antoine Jean Louis François Ignace,    (b. 1786 - d. 1863) 
                             comte de Brignole-Sale
British Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean
20 Apr 1814 -
26 Apr 1814  William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck,      (b. 1774 - d. 1839)
                             Lord Bentinck (U.K.)
President of the Provisional Government of the States of Genoa

26 Apr 1814 - 26 Dec 1814  Girolamo Francesco Luciano Serra       (s.a.)
Provisional Military Administrator
26 Dec 1814 -  7 Jan 1815  William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck,      (s.a.)
                             Lord Bentinck (U.K.)
President of the Provisional Government (in rebellion)
 2 Apr 1849 - 11 Apr 1849  Giuseppe Avezzana                      (b. 1797 - d. 1879)

French Plenipotentiary
Mar 1802 - Jun 1805        Cristoforo Salicetti                   (b. 1757 - d. 1809)


Gorizia (Görz): under Austria crownlands



Guastalla

Map of Guastalla
Capital: Guastalla
(Guastŕla)
 Population: 18,000 (1814), 15,000 (1700)

11.. - 1307                Part of Cremona.
1307 - 11 Nov 1344         Part of Parma.
24 Oct 1344                Parma sold to Modena, but
Guastalla is retained with ruling
                            
family moves to Correggio (effective 11 Nov 1344).
11 Nov 1344 - Nov 1346     Part of Correggio.
Nov 1346 - 29 Jul 140
2     Part of Duchy of Milan (by peace treaty of 22 Sep 1346).
17 Jul 1347                Given to Giovanni, Ghiberto and Azzo da Correggio (not effected).
29 Jul 1402                Given to Ottobuono Terzi by the Duke of Milan.
 
3 Oct 1406                Guido di Marsilio di Torelli made Lord of Guastalla and
                            
Montechiarugolo by the Duke of Milan.
 
3 Oct 1406 -  3 Oct 1539  Under Torelli dynasty.

 6 Jul 1428                Separated from Cremona and raised to county
                             (
County of Guastalla [Contea di Guastalla]).
12 Oct 1456                Separation of
Montechiarugolo from Guastalla.
28 Jul 147
5 -  8 Oct 1476  Confiscated by Milan.

12 Oct 1539                Sold to Ferrante Gonzaga.
12 Oct 1539 - 13 Jan 1678  Under Gonzaga dynasty.
 2 Jul 1621                Duchy of Guastalla (Ducato di Guastalla).
13 Jan 1678 -  4 May 1692  Administered by Mantua.
11 Aug 1692                Restored to the Gonzaga dynasty.
30 Aug 1702 -  6 Dec 1706  Occupied by France (administered from Modena).

16 Aug 1746                Family extinct, Guastalla reverts to Austria.
16 Aug 1746 - 18 Oct 1748  Occupied by Austria (administered from Parma).

18 Oct 1748                Guastalla, along with Parma and Piacenza, given to
                             the
Borbone family (by Austria-Spain treaty).
13 Feb 1749 - 1802         Personal union with
Parma.
 
9 Oct 1802                French occupation (administered from Parma).
30 Mar 1806                Duchy of Guastalla (Ducato di Guastalla/Duché de Guastalla)
                             (under French rule).

24 May 1806 -  6 Jun 1814  Annexed to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy (see Lombardy).
 6 Jun 1814                Duchy of Guastalla (Ducato di Guastalla) in personal union
                             with Parma until 8 Jan 1848, then from 8 Jan 1848 with Modena).

16 Jun 1848 - 10 Aug 1848  Administered by Sardinia-Piedmont.
20 Aug 1859                Annexed to Sardinia-Piedmont.

Lords (title Signore di Guastalla; from 1406, Signore di Guastalla e Montechiarugolo)
29 Jul 1402 -  3 Oct 1406  Ottobuono (Ottone) di Nicolň Terzi       (b. 135. - d. 1409)
 3 Oct 1406 –  6 Jul 1428  Guido di Marsilio di Torelli             (b. 1379 – d. 1449)
Counts (title Conte di Guastalla e Montechiarugolo; from 12 Oct 1456, Conte di Guastalla)
 6 Jul 1428 –  8 Jul 1449  Guido Torelli "il Grande"                (s.a.)
 8 Jul 1449 – 12 Oct 1456  Cristoforo Torelli                       (b. 140. - d. 1460)
                           - jointly with -
 
8 Jul 1449 – 18 Apr 1460  Pietroguido I (Pietro Guido I) Torelli   (b. 141. - d. 1460)
18 Apr 1460 – 28 Jul 1475  Francesco Maria Torelli (1st time)       (b. 145. - d. 1486)
                           - jointly with -
18 Apr 1460 – 28 Jul 1475  Guidogaleotto (Guido Galeotto) Torelli   (b. 145. - d. 15..)
                            
(1st time)
18 Apr 1460 - 1474         Maddalena del Caretto (f) -Regent        (b. 1430 - d. 1496)
28 Jul 1475 -  8 Oct 1476 
confiscated by Milan
Jul 1475 - 1476            Jacopo di Govenzate -
Milanese Commissioner 
 
8 Oct 1476 -  8 Oct 1479 
Guidogaleotto Torelli (2nd time)         (s.a.)
 
8 Oct 1479 - Feb 1486     Francesco Maria Torelli (2nd time)       (s.a.)
Feb 1486 – 10 Aug 1494     Pietroguido II
(Pietro Guido II) Torelli (b. 147. - d. 1494)
11 Aug 1494 –  1 Dec 1522  Achille Torelli                          (b. 147. - d. 1522)
 
1 Dec 1522 – 12 Oct 1539  Lodovica Torelli
(f) -Countess           (b. 1499 – d. 1569)
12 Oct 1539 – 15 Nov 1557  Ferrante I di Gonzaga                    (b. 1507 – d. 1557)
15 Nov 1557 – 17 Feb 1575  Cesare I Gonzaga                         (b. 1530 – d. 1575)
17 Feb 1575 –  2 Jul 1621  Ferrante II Gonzaga                      (b. 1563 – d. 1630)
17 Feb 1575 -  6 Sep 1583  Camilla Borromeo (f) -Regent             (b. c.1540 - d. 1583)
Dukes
(title Duca di Guastalla)
 2 Jul 1621 -  5 Aug 1630  Ferrante II Gonzaga                      (s.a.)
 5 Aug 1630 - 26 Feb 1632  Cesare II Gonzaga                        (b. 1592 - d. 1632)
26 Feb 1632 - 11 Jan 1678  Ferrante III Gonzaga                     (b. 1618 - d. 1678)
11 Jan 1678 -  4 May 1692  administered by Manuta
Governors of Mantua
Jan? 1678 - 1679           Baldassare, marchese Castiglione
1679 - Aug 1692            Margherita d'Este (f)                    (b. 1619 - d. 1692)
Dukes
(title Duca di Guastalla)
 
4 May 1692 - 30 Aug 1702  Vincenzo Gonzaga (1st time)              (b. 1634 - d. 1714)
                            
(arrived 11 Aug 1692)
30 Aug 1702 -  6 Dec 1706  French occupation

Sep 1702 - 1705            Cesare, conte Ardizzoni -Governor
1705 - 1706                Persio, conte Caracci -Governor
 
6 Dec 1706 - 27 Apr 1714  Vincenzo Gonzaga (2nd time)              (s.a.)
27 Apr 1714 - 19 Apr 1729  Antonio Ferdinando Gonzaga               (b. 1687 - d. 1729)
19 Apr 1729 - 16 Aug 1746  Giuseppe Maria Gonzaga                   (b. 1690 - d. 1746)
16 Aug 1746 - 13 Feb 1749  Austrian occupation
13 Feb 1749 - 
9 Oct 1802  the dukes of Parma 
 9 Oct 1802 - 30 Mar 1806  French occupation
Princess and Duchess
30 Mar 1806 - 24 May 1806  Paolina (= Pauline Bonaparte)            (b. 1780 - d. 1825)
24 May 1806 -  6 Jun 1814 
part of Kingdom of Italy 
Dukes/Duchesses
 
6 Jun 1814 - 
8 Jan 1848  the dukes/duchesses of Parma
 8 Jan 1848 - 16 Jun 1848  the duke of Modena
President of the Provisional Government

16 Jun 1848 - Jun 1848     the president of the Provisional
                           Government
of Modena
Sardinian Administrator
Jun 1848 - Aug 1848        the extraordinary commissioner of Modena
Duke
 
8 Aug 1848 - 11 Jun 1859  the duke of Modena



Imola

Map of Imola
Capital: Imola
 Population: N/A

1059                       Imola a free commune.
26 May 1248 - 1314         Papal rule (with interruptions 1292-93, 1295, 1296-1300).
1314 - 1315                Ruled by Faenza.
1315                       Occupied by "Sicily" (Naples).
1315 - 1334                Papal rule.
1334                       Lordship of Imola (Signoria di Imola).
24 Feb 1424 - 14 Jul 1426  Occupied by Milan.
14 Jul 1426 - 26 Apr 1434  Papal rule.
26 Apr 1439 - 20 Jun 1448  Ceded to Faenza.
 5 May 1473 -  6 Dec 1473  Occupied by Milan.
 6 Dec 1473                Papal rule.
25 Nov 1499 - 22 Oct 1503  Papal occupation under Cesare Borgia, duca di Valentino (Catarina
                             Sforza resists in castle of Ravaldino, Flori to 12 Jan 1500).

22 Oct 1503                Part of Forlě.
26 Dec 1504                Re-incorporated into the Papal State.

 
Lords (title Signore di Imola)
1363 - 1372                Azzo Alidosi                       (d. 1372)
1372 - Nov 1391            Bertrando Alidosi                  (d. 1391)
Nov 1391 - 24 Feb 1424     Ludovico
Alidosi                   (b. 137. - d. 1430)
Nov 1391 - 14..            Elisa Alidosi (f) -Regent
24 Feb 1424 - 14 Jul 1426  occupied by Milan
14 Jul 1426 - 21 Jan 1434  Papal rule
14 Jul 1426 - Jan 1430     Domenico Capranica -Papal Legate   (b. 1400 - d. 1458)
Jan 1430 - 21 Jan 1434     Francesco Monaldeschi, vescovo     (d. 1461)
                             Orvieto -Papal Legate
21 Jan 1434 - 26 Apr 1439  occupied by Milan

26 Apr 1439
- 20 Jun 1448  the lords of Faenza

20 Jun 1448 - 1473         Taddeo Manfredi                    (b. 1431 - c. 1484?)
1473 -  6 Dec 1473         Pietro Cardinale Riario (acting)   (b. 1445 - d. 1474)
 5 May 1473 -  6 Dec 1473  Giovanni Avogadro -Milan governor
 
6 Dec 1473 - 14 Apr 1488  Girolamo Riario                    (b. 1443 - d. 1488)
14 Apr 1488 - 25 Nov 1499  Ottaviano Riario                   (b. 1479 - d. 1523)
14 Apr 1488 - 27 Aug 1495  Caterina Sforza (f) -Regent        (b. c.1463 - d. 1509)
25 Nov 1499 - 22 Oct 1503  Cesare Borgia, duca di Valentino   (b. 1475 - d. 1507)

22 Oct 1503 - 26 Dec 1504  the lord of Forlě

Liguria: see Genoa
Locarno: see under Swiss Territories



Lombardy (Milan)
 
[Banner of Della
                          Torre and flag of Milan 12th cent.-1277,
                          1302-1311 (Italy)]
12.. - 1277; 1302 - 1311
 
[Duchy of
                                    Milan 1277-1302, 1311-1327,1329-1395
                                    (Italy)]
1277-1302, 1311-1327,
1329 - 1395
 
[War Banner of
                                  Milan (used by Visconti and Sforza)
                                  1329-95, 1402-47, 1450-99, 1512-15,
                                  1529-40 (Italy)]
1329 - 1395, 1402 - 1447,
1450 - 1499, 1512 - 1515,
1529 - 1540
[Banner of
                                    Gian Galeazzo Visconti 1395-1402
                                    (Milan)(Italy)]   
1395 - 1402
 
[Ambrosian Republic (Repubblica
                                    Ambrosiana) 1447-1450 (Milan,
                                    Italy)]   
14 Aug 1447 - 25 Mar 1450
 

[Duchy of
                                      Milan 1765-1796, 1799-1800
                                      (Italy)]  
1765 - 9 May 1796;
1799 - 29 Apr 1800


[Transpadane Republic,
                        1796-1797 (Italy)]
15 May 1796 - 17 Jan 1797
Transpadane Republic
 
[Cispadane Republic, 1797
                        (Italy)]
17 Jan 1797 - 9 Jul 1797
Cispadane Republic
 
[Cisalpine Republic
                        1798-1802, Lombardy 1848 (Italy)]
11 May 1798 - 20 Aug 1802 Cisalpine Republic;
22 Mar 1848 - 8 Jun 1848  Lombardy
 
[Italian Republic and
                          Kingdom of Italy 1802-1814 (Italy)]
20 Aug 1802 - 28 Apr 1814
Italian Republic/Kingdom
 
[Kingdom of
                                    Italy War Ensign 1805-1814 (Italy)]
Mar/Apr 1805 - 28 Apr 1814
Kingdom of Italy War Ensign
[Milan under
                                    Austrian rule 1814-1848, 1848-1859]
1814 - Mar 1848;
Aug 1848 - Nov 1859
[Austrian Lombardy
                        Landesfarben (possibly) c.1859 (Italy)]
c.1859 Lombardy Land Colors
(possibly)


Map of Duchy of Milan
and
Cisalpine Republic
Map of Lombardy-Venetia
National Anthem
 Constitutions (in Italian)
Cisalpine:
(1798 - 27 Aug 1800
7 Oct 1801-1802)
Kingdom of Italy: (1805 -1810)
Capital: Milan
(Milano)
Currency: 1815-1859 Italian States Lira Austriaca (XITA);1805-1815/22 Napoleonic Lira (XITL); 1474-1805 Italian States Lira (Scudo)(XITL)
National Holiday: N/A
----------------------------
Military Force: 45,000 (1813)
Population: 2,865,518
(1857, Lombardy);
  5,159,247 (1857,
Lombardy-Venetia);
6,700,000 (1813,
Kingdom of Italy);
1,154,000 (1790,
Duchy of Milan)
 
553 - 568                  Eastern Roman (Byzantine) rule.
568 - 774                  Ostrogoth rule.
774 - 814                  Frankish rule.
814                        Part of the Kingdom of Italy (as County of Milan).
979 - 16 Jan 1045          Archbishops of Milan as governors.
16 Jan 1045                Milan a free commune.
1075 - 1162                Under temporal authority of Archbishops of Milan.
 1 Mar 1162 - 1176         Imperial rule.
1176                       Milan a free commune.
1186                       Milan a free imperial city.
21 Jan 1277 - 13 Aug 1447  Visconti dynasty rule (except for Jun 1302 - Jul 1311).
 5 Jul 1327 - 23 Sep 1329  Imperial rule.
1332                       Bergamo (taken by Venice 1424) and Novara annexed.
1334 - 1499                Cremona annexed (taken by Venice 1499).
1335 - 1454                Crema annexed (taken by Venice 1454).
1337 - 1426                Brescia annexed (taken by Venice 1426).
13 Nov 1359                Pavia annexed.
1387 - 1405                Verona annexed (taken by Venice 1405).
 1 May 1395                Duchy of Milan (Ducatus Mediolani), under the Visconti dynasty.
13 Oct 1396                Ducal dignity extended to all Visconti holdings, Pavia made
                             a county (by imperial diploma).
 3 Sep 1402                Internal division (Contea di Pavia: including lordships of
                             Tortona, Alessandria, Novara, Vercelli, Casale, Valenza, 
                             Verona, Vicenza, Feltre, Belluno, Cividale and Bassano).
1416                       Como Lordship annexed.
14 Aug 1447                Ambrosian Republic (Respublica Ambrosiana/Repubblica Ambrosiana)
22 Mar 1450                Duchy of Milan (Ducato di Milano)(restored); under the Sforza
                             dynasty (to 1535).
 6 Sep 1499 -  6 Feb 1500  French occupation (castello di Milano capitulates 17 Sep 1499).
 6 Feb 1500                Sforza are restored, French forces withdrawn. 
 9 Apr 1500 - 20 Jun 1512  French occupation (duke captured 10 Apr 1500, Milan occupied
                             on 14 Apr 1500).
20 Jun 1512 - 29 Dec 1512  Allied (Holy League) occupation.
29 Dec 1512                Sforza rule restored.
19 Nov 1513                French forces in castello di Milano capitulate (Cremona on
                             17 Nov 1513).
 5 Oct 1515 - 19 Nov 1521  French occupation.
19 Nov 1521                Sforza are restored by Papal intervention (castello di Milano
                             evacuated by French forces on 15 Apr 1523).
 3 Oct 1524                Duke is exiled.
23 Oct 1524 - 26 Feb 1525  French occupation.
26 Feb 1525 - 23 Dec 1529  Spanish occupation (castello di Milano capitulates on
                             24 Jul 1526, the duke continues to resist in Cremona).
23 Dec 1529                Sforza restored (by Imperial, Papal, Venetian, Milan, Parma and
                             Manuta peace treaty).
 6 Feb 1531                Spanish forces withdrawn from the castello di Milano.
19 Nov 1535                Sforza dynasty extinct.
19 Nov 1535 - 11 Oct 1540  Imperial rule.
11 Oct 1540                Emperor Karl V bestowed Milan to his son Felipe of Castile.
16 Jan 1556 - 11 Oct 1698  Under Spanish rule (Ducado de Milán/Ducato di Milano).
11 Oct 1698 - 26 Sep 1706  French occupation.
26 Sep 1706 -  6 Oct 1796  Under Austrian rule (confirmed by Treaty of Rastatt 7 Mar 1714)
                             (Herzogtum Mailand/Ducato di Milano).
13 Mar 1707                Mantua and Lombardy formally ceded to Austria by Spain.
 4 Nov 1733 -  7 Sep 1736  Franco-Sardinian occupation.
16 Dec 1745 - 19 Mar 1746  Franco-Spanish occupation.
 9 May 1796                French occupation.
15 May 1796                Lombard Republic (Repubblica Lombarda/République Lombarde).
15 Nov 1796                Transpadane Republic (Repubblica Transpadana/République Transpadane)
                             (including Lombardy, Mantua, and western part of Venetia); under
                             French rule.
16 Apr 1797 - 12 May 1797  Re-occupied by Austria.
29 Jun 1797                Cispadane (see Modena) and Transpadane Republics united as the
                             Cisalpine Republic (Repubblica Cisalpina/République Cisalpine).
28 Apr 1799                Duchy of Milan (restored by Austria).
29 Apr 1800                Cisalpine Republic (restored by France).
26 Jun 1802                Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana)(composed of Lombardy and
                             Emilia-Romagna), with French First Consul Napoléon Bonaparte as
                             President.
17 Mar 1805                Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia)(Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna,
                             Venetia, and Dalmatia), with Napoléon I, Emperor of the French
                             as King of Italy.
 3 Mar 1810                Dalmatia annexed by France, Tyrol annexed to Kingdom of Italy.
28 Apr 1814                Occupied by Austria, Kingdom of Italy abolished.
23 Apr 1814 - 12 Jun 1814  Allied occupation of the Kingdom of Italy.
30 May 1814                Formal restoration of the independent Italian states by the Treaty
                             of Paris, Article II "Italy "shall be composed of sovereign states
                             beyond the limits of the countries which are to revert to Austria."
12 Jun 1814                The territories of Lombardy, Mantua, Brescia, Bergamo and Crema are
                             declared part of the Empire of Austria under the terms of the
                             treaty of Paris of 30 May 1814 
 7 Apr 1815                Component, with Venetia, of Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom
                             (Königreich Lombardo-Venetien = Regno Lombardo-Veneto) under
                             the Emperor of Austria.
18 Mar 1848                Anti-Austrian unrest launched, on 22 Mar 1848 Austrian officials
                             having withdrawn, a provisional government takes power.
26 Mar 1848                Sardinia-Piedmont intervention.
 8 Apr 1848 -  6 Aug 1848  Provisional Central Government of Lombardy (Governo provvisorio
                             centrale di Lombardia).
29 May 1848                Lombardy votes in plebiscite to join Sardinia-Piedmont.
 6 Aug 1848                Austrian rule restored (as part of Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom)), from
                             1851 as Crownland of Lombardy within Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom.
20 May 1859                Invasion by pro-Italian volunteers under Giuseppe Garibaldi
                             (b. 1807 - d. 1882); Como is occupied on 27 May 1859.
 3 Jun 1859                French and Sardinia-Piedmont forces invade Lombardy,
                             occupying Milan on 8 Jun 1859.
 8 Jul 1859                Lombardy to be ceded to France, from which in turn to Sardinia-
                             Piedmont by armistice (ratified 11 Jul 1859).
10 Nov 1859                Lombardy ceded to France by Austria and in turn ceded by
                             France to Sardinia-Piedmont (ratified 21 Nov 1859). 
30 Nov 1859                Incorporated into Sardinia-Piedmont.
18 Mar 1861                Part of the Kingdom of Italy. 

Captains of the People (title Capitaneum Populi/Capitani del Popolo)
1240 - 1247                Pagano della Torre                 (d. 1247)
                            
(Capitano e Def. del Popolo)
1247 - 1257                Martino della Torre (1st time)
    (d. 1263)
 
1 Jan 1253 - 1256         Manfredo Lancia, marchese d'Incisa (b. c.1185 - d.bf.1259)
                            
(Signore di Milano)
1257 - 11 Nov 1259         Martino della Torre (2nd time)     (s.a.)
11 Nov 1259 - 11 Nov 1264  Oberto Pelavicino                  (b. 1197 - d. 1269)
                             (Captaino generale)
18 Dec 1263 - 24 Sep 1265  Filippo della Torre "Magno"        (d. 1265)
                             (Signore Perpetual di Popolo)
24 Sep 1265 - 20 Jan 1277  Napoleone "Napo" della Torre       (d. 1278)
                             (Imperial vicar 1273 - 20 Jan 1277)
21 Jan 1277 -  6 Aug 1278  Ottone Visconti, arcivescovo       (b. 1207 - d. 1295)
                             di Milan (1st time)                   
 6 Aug 1278 - 27 Dec 1282  Guglielmo VII di Monferrato        (b. 1240 - d. 1292)
27 Dec 1282 -  8 Aug 1295  Ottone Visconti, arcivescovo       (s.a.)
                             di Milan (2nd time)  
 8 Aug 1295 - 13 Jun 1302  Matteo I Visconti (1st time)       (b. 1250 - d. 1322)
                             (Imperial vicar 1294 - 13 Jun 1302)
1301 - 13 Jun 1302         Galeazzo I Visconti                (b. 1277 - d. 1328)
1302 - 1303                Guglielmotto Brusato
 4 Apr 1303 - 1303         Tommasino da Greco
1303 - 1304                Venturino Benzone
1304 - 1305                Giuliano Mariano
1305                       Francesco da Corrobiano 
1305                       Busca Lavizario
1305                       Oliverio Rosso
1305 - 1306                Barnabň Palastrello
1306                       Bosello da Somma
1306 - May 1307            Ottone Vacca
May 1307 - 1307            Moroello Isimbaldo
17 Dec 1307 - Feb 1311     Guido della Torre                  (b. 1259 - d. 1312)
13 Jul 1311 - Apr 1317     Matteo I Visconti (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                             (Imperial vicar)
Lords
(title Dominus generali/Signore generale)
Apr 1317 - 26 Jun 1322     Matteo I Visconti "il Grande"      (s.a.)
27 Jun
1322 -  8 Nov 1322  Galeazzo I Visconti (1st time)     (s.a.)
 8 Nov 1322 - 29 Dec 1322  Giovanni della Torre -Captain
29 Dec 1322 - 20 Jul 1327  Galeazzo I Visconti (2nd time)     (s.a.)

                            
(elected Lord and Captain 9 Dec 1322)
Jul 1327 - Feb 1329        Guglielmo, conte di Monforte
                             (Imperial vicar)
15 Jan 1329 - 16 Aug 1339  Azzone Visconti                    (b. 1302 - d. 1339)

                             (Imperial vicar to Apr 1330)
14 May 1339 - 24 Jan 1349  Luchino Visconti                   (b. 1287/92 - d. 1349)

Apr 1349 -  5 Oct 1354     Giovanni Visconti, arcivescovo     (b. 1290 - d. 1354)
 
                           di Milano
 5 Oct 1354 -  6 May 1385  Bernabň Visconti                   (b. 1323 - d. 1285)

                          
- jointly with the following two -
 5 Oct 1354 -  4 Aug 1378  Galeazzo II Visconti               (b. c.1320 - d. 1278)

 
5 Oct 1354 - 26 Sep 1355  Matteo II Visconti                 (b. c.1319 - d. 1355)
 4 Aug 1378 -  1 May 1395  Giovanni Galeazzo I Visconti       (b. 1351 - d. 1402)
Dukes
ą
 1 May 1395 -  3 Sep 1402  Giovanni Galeazzo I                (s.a.)
 
3 Sep 1402 - 16 May 1412  Giovanni Maria                     (b. 1388 - d. 1412)
 3 Sep 1402 - 16 Jun 1412  Filippo Maria, cote di             (b. 1392 - d. 1447)
                             Pavia -Co-ruler (1st time)

16 May 1412 - 16 Jun 1412  Giancarlo, detto Gianpiccinino     (b. c.1387 - d. 1418)
16 May 1412 - 12 Jun 1412  Estorre Visconti (in dissidence)   (b. 1346 - d. 1413)
16 Jun 1412 - 13 Aug 1447  Filippo I Maria (2nd time)         (s.a.)

14 Aug 1447 - 22 Mar 1450  Captains and defenders
22 Mar 1450 -  8 Mar 1466  Francesco I Sforza                 (b. 1401 - d. 1466)

 8
Mar 1466 - 26 Dec 1476  Galeazzo III Maria Sforza          (b. 1444 - d. 1476)
26 Dec 1476 - 21 Oct 1494  Giovanni Galeazzo Maria II Sforza  (b. 1469 - d. 1494)
26 Dec 1476 -  2 Nov 1480  Bona di Savoia (f) -Regent         (b. 1449 - d. 1503)
 3 Nov 1480 - 21 Oct 1494  Ludovico Maria
Sforza, duca        (b. 1452 - d. 1508)
                             di Bari -Regent
21 Oct 1494 -  2 Sep 1499
 Ludovico Maria Sforza "il Moro"    (s.a.)
                             (1st time)

 6 Sep 1499  - 6 Feb 1500  the king of France

 6 Sep 1499 -  6 Feb 1500  Gian Giacomo Trivulzio -Governor   (b. 1441 - d. 1518) 
                            (French Lieutenant of the Armies to 9 Sep 1499,
                             then Lieutenant-General and Governor)
 6 Feb 1500 - 14 Apr 1500
 Ludovico Maria Sforza "il Moro"    (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 6 Feb 1500 -  6 Feb 1500  Ascanio Cardinale
Sforza (1st time)(b. 1455 - d. 1505)
                             (acting)
 9 Apr 1500 - 14 Apr 1500 
Ascanio Cardinale Sforza (2nd time)(s.a.)
                             (acting)
17
Apr 1500 - 16 Jun 1512  the king of France
Lieutenants of the Holy League
20 Jun 1512 - 2. Jul 1512  Matthäus Schinner, bischof zu      (b. c.1465 - d. 1522)

                             Sitten
2. Jul 1512 - 29 Dec 1512  Ottaviano
Sforza, vescovo di Lodi  (b. 1477 - d. c.1541)
Dukes
ą
29 Dec 1512 -  5 Oct 1515
 Massimiliano Sforza                (b. 1493 - d. 1530)
 
5 Oct 1515 - 19 Nov 1521  the king of France
19 Nov 1521 - 23 Oct 1524  Francesco II Sforza (1st time)     (b. 1495 - d. 1535)
19 Nov 1521 -  4 Apr 1522  Girolamo Morone                    (b. 1470 - d. 1529)
                             (acting for absent Francesco II
23 Oct 1524 - 26 Feb 1525 
French occupation
26 Feb 1525 - 23 Dec 1529  Spanish occupation
26 Feb 1525 -  1 Nov 1535  Francesco II Sforza (2nd time)     (s.a.)

                            
(in opposition in Cremona to 23 Dec 1529)
1529 - 1530                Alessandro Bentivoglio             (b. 1474 - d. 1532)
                             (acting for absent Francesco II
 1 Nov 1535 - 19 Nov 1535  Cristina di Oldenburg (f)          (b. 1521 - d. 1590)
                            
(=
Christina von Oldenburg)
 2 Nov 1535 - 11 Oct 1540  Imperial rule
11 Oct 1540 - 16 Jan 1556  Filippo II
(= Felipe II)           (b. 1527 - d. 1598)
                             (continues in Spain to 13 Sep 1598)
16
Jan 1556 - 26 Sep 1706  the kings of Spain
26 Sep 1706 - 11 Dec 1733  the archdukes of Austria
25 Jan 1734 -  7 Sep 1736  Provisional Government Junta
                           - Giorgio Olivazzi, marchese di    (b. c.1667 - d. 1742)
                               Spinola

                           - Diego Ordogno de Rosales,
                              
marqués de Castelleone
                           - Giovanni Martino Felice de Colla (b. 1667 - d. 1743)
 7 Sep 1736
-
16 Dec 1745  the archdukes/archduchess of Austria
16 Dec 1745 - 20 Mar 1746  Interim Government Junta
                           - Felipe de Borbón, infante de     (b. 1720 - d. 1765)
                               Espańa
                           - Juan Gregorio Muniáin            (b. 1700 - d. 1772)
                           - Fernando de la Torre y Solís,    (b. 1688 - d. 1752)
                               marqués de Campo Santo
20 Mar 1746 - 
9 May 1796  the archduchess/archdukes of Austria
 9 May 1796 - 20 May 1796  Francesco Nava                     (b. 1755 - d. 1807)
                             (president of provisional government junta
)
21 May 1796 - 25 Aug 1796  Military Agency of Lombardy
                           - Hyacinthe François Joseph        (b. 1764 - d. 1848)  Mil
                            
Despinoy (chief from 10 Jun 1796)
                           - Albert Maurin
                           - Jean-Baptiste Patrauld (Patrault)(b. 1751 - d. 1817)
                           - Henri Reboul                     (b. 1763 - d. 1839)
25 Aug 1796 - 26 Jun 1797  General Administration of Lombardy
                           - Gaetano Lodovico Baldassare      (b. 1764 - d. 1800)
                               Porro Schiaffinati
                              (president acting 21 Dec 1796, acting 6 Jan 1797,
                               c.12-19 Jan 1797, c.17 Mar 1797, and c.25 Apr 1797) 
                           - Francesco Aimi Visconti          (b. 1770 - d. 1808)
                              (president c.3-9 Oct 1796, c.4-9 Jan 1797,
                               and c.29 Apr-5 May 1797)
                           - Giovanni Battista Sommariva      (b. 1760 - d. 1826)
                              (president c.23-29 Sep 1796, acting 9 Dec 1796,
                               c.11-16 Dec 1796, and c.12 Apr 1797) 
                           - Alberto Alemagna                 (b. 1751 - d. 1828)
                              (president c.12 May 1797)
                           - Angelo Pavesi
                              (president c.21 Sep 1796, c.11-19 Nov 1796,
                               c.31 Jan-7 Feb 1797, and c.1-6 Jun 1797)
                           - conte Carlo Innocenzo Isimbardi  (b. 1767 - d. 1824)
                              (president c.1 Mar 1797)
                           - Eutimio Carnevali                (b. 1776 - d. 1845)
                              (president c.7-11 Sep 1796, c.2-10 Dec 1796)                             - Pietro Della'U
                              (president c.1-6 Sep 1796, c.20 Dec 1796 - 1 Jan 1797) 
                           - Bassano Carminati                (b. 1750 - d. 1830)
                              (president c.17-20 Oct 1796, and c.21 Jan 1797) 
                           - Antonio Porcelli
                              (president c.13 Feb 1797, and c.16 Jun 1797)
                           - Giacinto Magnacavallo, conte     (b. 1738 - d. 1808)
                               di Varengo
                              (president acting 18 Oct 1796, c.1-10 Nov 1796,
                               and c.27 May 1797)
                           - Benedetto Mattia
                              (president c.18 Mar 1797)
                           - Antonio Porcelli
                              (president c.22-30 Nov 1796, c.13 Feb 1797,
                               and c.16 Jun 1797) 
                           - Giuseppe Perelli
                              (president c.23-28 Mar 1797)
                           - Paolo Fadigati                   (b. 1760 - d. 1844)
                              (president c.9 Feb 1797, and c.3-7 Apr 1797)
                           - Bartolomeo Macchi
                              (president c.5 Mar 1797)
29 Jun 1797 - 31 Aug 1798 
First Directory
                           - Giovanni Galeazzo, duca di
                               Serbelloni (to 13 Nov 1797)    (b. 1744 - d. 1802)
                           - Giovanni Battista Savoldi        (b. 1753 - d. 1802)
                             (from 13 Nov 1797)
                           - Marco Alessandri (1st time)      (b. 1755 - d. 1830)
                           - Pietro Moscati (to 16 Apr 1798)  (b. 1739 - d. 1824)
                           - Jacopo Lamberti (1st time)       (b. 1758 - d. 1815)
                             (from 16 Apr 1798)
                           - Giovanni Paradisi                (b. 1760 - d. 1826)
                             (to 16 Apr 1798)
                           - Carlo Testi (from 16 Apr 1798)
                           - Giovanni Costabili Containi      (b. 1756 - d. 1841)
31 Aug 1798 - 14 Dec 1798  Second Directory
                           - Girolamo Adelasio (1st time)     (b. 1768 - d. 1828)
                             (to 17 Oct 1798)
                           - Antonio Sabbati
                             (from 17 Oct 1798)
                           - Marco Alessandri (2nd time)      (s.a.)
                           - Jacopo Lamberti (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                           - Giuseppe Luosi (1st time)        (b. 1755 - d. 1830)
                             (to 17 Oct 1798)
                           - Antonio Smancini                 (b. 1766 - d. 1831)
                             (from 17 Oct 1798)
                           - Fedele Sopransi (1st time)       (b. 1757 - d. c.1825)
                             (to 17 Oct 1798)
                           - Vincenzo Brunétti                (b. 1769 - d. 1839)
                             (from 17 Oct 1798)
14 Dec 1798 - 29 Apr 1799  Third Directory
                           - Girolamo Adelasio (2nd time)     (s.a.)
                           - Marco Alessandri (3rd time)      (s.a.)
                             (to Mar 1799)
                           - Ferdinando Marescalchi           (b. 1754 - d. 1816)
                             (from Mar 1799)
                           - Jacopo Lamberti (3rd time)       (s.a.)
                             (to Mar 1799)
                           - Fedele Vertemate Franchi
                             (from Mar 1799)
                           - Giuseppe Luosi (2nd time)        (s.a.)
                           - Fedele Sopransi (2nd time)       (s.a.)
29 Apr 1799 - 29 Apr 1800  the archduke of Austria
29 Apr 1800 - 21 Jun 1800  Provisional Government Committee (Regency)
                           - Giovanni Battista Sommariva      (b. 1760 - d. 1826)
                           - Francesco Aimi Visconti          (s.a.)
                           - Sigismondo Ruga                  (b. 1752 - d. 1829)
21 Jun 1800 - Sep 1800     Extraordinary Government Commission
                           - Francesco conte Melzi d'Eril     (b. 1753 - d. 1816)
                           - Antonio Aldini                   (b. 1755 - d. 1826)
                           - Giovanni Battista Sommariva      (s.a.)
                           - Sigismondo Ruga                  (s.a.)
                           - Francesco Aimi Visconti          (s.a.)
                           - Conte Giovanni Paradisi          (s.a.)
                           - Raffaele Arauco                  (b. 1758 - d. 1801)
                           - Giulio Cesare Bargnani           (b. 1757 - d. 1825)
                           - Ambrogio Birago                  (b. 1754 - d. 1828)
Sep 1800 - 26 Jan 1802     Executive Committee of the
                           Extraordinary Government Commission
                           - Giovanni Battista Sommariva      (s.a.)
                           - Francesco Aimi Visconti          (s.a.)
                           - Sigismondo Ruga                  (s.a.)
President of the Italian Republic
26 Jan 1802 - 18 Mar 1805  Napoléon Bonaparte                 (b. 1769 - d. 1821)
King of Italyą
18 Mar 1805 - 11 Apr 1814  Napoléon I                         (s.a.)
                            
(crowned in Milan 26 May 1805;
                             abdicates at Fontainebleau 11 Apr 1814)
Presidents of the Regency of the Provisional Government
(Presidente della Reggenza del Governo Provvisorio)
21 Apr 1814 - 25 May 1814
  Carlo Verri                        (b. 1743 - d. 1823)
25 May 1814 - 12 Jun 1814  Enrico conte di Bellegarde         (b. 1756 - d. 1845)
                          
(= Heinrich Joseph Johann Graf von  
                             Bellegarde)       

President of the Royal Imperial Provisional Regency
(Presidente della Regia Cesarea Reggenza Provvisoria)
12 Jun 1814 -  7 Apr 1815  Heinrich Joseph Johann Graf von    (s.a.)
                             Bellegarde

Kings of Lombardo-Venetia
ą 
 7 Apr 1815 - 22 Mar 1848 
the emperors of Austria
President of the Provisional Government
22 Mar 1848 -  8 Apr 1848  Gabrio conte Casati                (b. 1798 - d. 1873)  Lib
President
of the Central Provisional Government of Lombardy

 
8 Apr 1848 -  3 Aug 1848  Gabrio conte Casati                (s.a.)               Lib
President of the Administrative Council for Lombardy
 
3 Aug 1848 -  6 Aug 1848  Angelo Olivieri di Vernier         (b. 1788 - d. 1852)  Mil
King of Lombardo-Venetiaą 
 6 Aug 1849 -  8 Jun 1859  the emperor of Austria
Sardinian Royal Commissioner

 5 Jun 1859 -  9 Jun 1859  Paolo Onorato Vigliani             (b. 1814 - d. 1900)  Lib
Sardinian Governor
 
9 Jun 1859 - 30 Nov 1859  Paolo Onorato Vigliani             (s.a.)               Lib


French Governors
Jul 1495 - 27 Jul 1497     Jean de Foix et Navarre            (b. 1450 - d. 1500)
 6 Oct 1499 -  2 Feb 1500  Gian Giacomo Trivulzio             (b. 1440 - d. 1518)
10 Apr 1500 - 11 Feb 1511  Charles II d'Amboise               (b. 1473 - d. 1511)
25 Jun 1511 - 11 Apr 1512  Gaston de Foix
-Nemours             (b. 1489 - d. 1512)
1515 - Mar 1516            Charles III, duc de Bourbon        (b. 1490 - d. 1527)
Mar 1516 - Apr 1522        Odet de Foix, vicomte de Lautrec   (b. c.1483 - d. 1528)
15 Sep 1524 - Dec 1524     Michele Antonio di Saluzzo         (b. 1495 - d. 1528)
Dec 1524 - 24 Feb 1525     Teodoro Trivulzio                  (b. 1458 - d. 1532)

Governors
Dec 1525 - 1526            Giovan Francesco Visconti
                           + Alessandro Bentivoglio           (b. 1474 - d. 1532)
 
6 Jul 1526 - 21 May 1527  Charles III, duc de Bourbon        (b. 1490 - d. 1527)
21 May 1527 -  4 Jan 1530  Ludovico di Belgioioso             (b. 1488 - d. 1530)
26 Feb 1525 - 1527         ....
                           (commander-in-chief of Imperial army in Duchy of Milan)
1527 - 15 Oct 1529         Antonio de Leyva
, príncipe de      (b. 1480 - d. 1536)
                             Áscoli, marqués de Stela, conde
                             de Monza
                           (commander-in-chief of Imperial army in Duchy of Milan)

14 Jan 1530 - 21 Nov 1532  Alessandro Bentivoglio             (s.a.)
Imperial Lieutenant-generals

Nov 1535 -  7 Sep 1536     Antonio de Leyva, príncipe de      (s.a.)

                             Áscoli, marqués de Stela, conde
                             de Monza (acting to
6 Dec 1535)
Sep 1536 - 28 Jan 1538     Marino cardenal Caracciolo         (b. 1468 - d. 1538)
Feb 1538 - 11 Oct 1540     Alfonso de Ávalos y de Aquino,     (b. 1502 - d. 1546)
                             marqués de
Pescara y marqués
                             del Vasto

Spanish (to 16 Jan 1556, Castilian) Lieutenant-generals

11 Oct 1540 - 31 Mar 1546  Alfonso de Ávalos y de Aquino,     (s.a.)

                             marqués del Vasto
Apr 1546 - Oct 1546        Álvaro de Luna (interim)
Oct 1546 - Mar 1555        Fernando Gonzaga, príncipe de      (b. 1507 - d. 1557)
                             Molfetta
Mar 1555 - Jun 1555        Francesco Taverna, conte di        (b. 1488 - d. 1560)
                             Landriano
                           + Gómez Suárez de Figueroa y       (b. 1523 – d. 1571)
                              Córdoba, conde de Feria
                           (acting)
Jun 1555 - Dec 1556        Fernando Álvarez de Toledo,        (b. 1507 - d. 1582)

                             duque de Alba de Tormes
Dec 1556 - Aug 1557        Cristoforo Madruzzo, cardenal      (b. 1512 - d. 1578)
                             y obispo de Trento
Aug 1557 - Jul 1558        Juan Rodríguez de Figueroa         (b. 1490 - d. 1565)
                            
(interim)
Jul 1558 - Feb 1560
        Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba,      (b. 1520/21 - d. 1578)
                             duque de Sessa (1st time)
Feb 1560 - Mar 1563        Francisco Fernando de Ávalos,      (b. c.1530 - d. 1571)
                             marqués de Pescara e Vasto
Mar 1563 - Apr 1564        Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba,      (s.a.)
                             duque de Sessa (2nd time)
Apr 1564 - 1571            Gabriel de la Cueva y Girón,       (b. 1515 - d. 1571)
                             duque de Alburquerque
Aug 1571 - Sep 1571        Juan Alonso Pimentel de Herrera    (b. 1553 - d. 1621)
                             (interim)

Sep 1571 - Apr 1572        Álvaro de Sande, marqués de        (b. 1489 - d. 1573)
                             Piovera (interim)
Apr 1572 - Sep 1573        Luis de Zúńiga y Requesens         (b. 1528 - d. 1576)
Sep 1573 - Jul 1580        Antonio de Zúńiga Guzmán y         (b. c.1524 - d. 1583)
                             Sotomayor, marqués de Ayamonte
Jul 1580 - Mar 1583        Sancho de Guevara y Padilla        (d. 1585)
Mar 1583 - Dec 1592        Carlos de Aragón y Tagliavia,      (b. 1530 - d. 1599)
                             duque de Terranova
Dec 1592 - Mar 1595        Juan Fernández de Velasco y Tovar, (b. c.1550 - d. 1613)
                             duque de Frías (1st time)
Mar 1595 - Nov 1595        Pedro de Padilla, castellano de    (b. 1540 - d. 1599)
                             Milán (interim)
Nov 1595 - Oct 1600        Juan Fernández de Velasco y Tovar, (s.a.)
                             duque de Frías (2nd time)
Oct 1600 - 22 Jul 1610     Pedro Enríquez de Acevedo, conde   (b. 1525 - d. 1610)
                             de Fuentes
Jul 1610 - Dec 1610        Diego de Portugal y Pimentel,      (b. 1559 - d. 1636)
                             conde de Gelves (interim)
Dec 1610 - Jul 1612        Juan Fernández de Velasco y Tovar, (s.a.)
                             duque de Frías (3rd time)
Jul 1612 - Aug 1614        Juan de Mendoza y Velasco,         (b. c.1572 - d. 1628)
                             marqués de Hinojosa (1st time)
Aug 1614 - Nov 1614        Sancho de Luna y Rojas (interim)   (b. c.1561 - d. 1617)
Nov 1614 - Jan 1616        Juan de Mendoza y Velasco,         (s.a.)
                             marqués de Hinojosa (2nd time)
Jan 1616 - Aug 1618        Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Colonna, (b. 1546 - d. 1627)
                             duque de Fernandina
Aug 1618 - May 1626        Gomes IV Suárez de Figueroa y      (b. 1587 - d. 1634)
                             Córdoba, duque de Feria (1st time)
May 1626 - Aug 1629        Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba,      (b. 1585 - d. 1635)
                             príncipe de Maratra
Aug 1629 - 25 Sep 1630     Ambrosio Spinola, marqués de       (b. 1569 - d. 1630)
                             los Balbases
Dec 1630 - Mar 1631        Álvaro de Bazán y Benavides,       (b. 1571 - d. 1646)
                             marqués de Santa Cruz
Mar 1631 - May 1633        Gomes IV Suárez de Figueroa y      (s.a.)
                             Córdoba, duque de Feria (2nd time)
May 1633 - Jul 1634        Fernando de Austria, cardenal e    (b. 1610 - d. 1641)
                             infante de Espańa
Jul 1634 - Nov 1635        Gil de Albornoz, cardenal y        (b. 1579 - d. 1649)
                             arzobispo de Tarento
Nov 1635 - Apr 1636        Diego Mexía Felípez de Guzmán,     (b. 1580 - d. 1655)
                             marqués de Leganés (1st time)
Apr 1636 - Jun 1636        Fernando Afán de Ribera, duque     (b. 1583 - d. 1637)
                             de Alcalá
Jun 1636 - Feb 1641        Diego Mexía Felípez de Guzmán,     (s.a.)
                             marqués de Leganés (2nd time)
Feb 1641 - Apr 1643        Juan Velasco de la Cueva, conde    (b. 1608 - d. 1649)
                             de Siruela
Apr 1643 - Feb 1646        Antonio Sancho Dávila de Toledo,   (b. 1590 - d. 1666)
                             marqués de Velada
Feb 1646 - Nov 1647        Bernardino Fernández de Velasco y  (b. 1609 - d. 1652)
                             Tovar, duque de Frías
Nov 1647 - Jun 1648        Íńigo Melchor Fernández de Velasco,(b. 1629 - d. 1696)
                             conde de Haro
Jun 1648 - Apr 1656        Luis de Benavides Carrillo,        (b. 1608 - d. 1668)
                             marqués de Caracena
Apr 1656 -  3 Aug 1656     Teodoro cardenal Trivulzio         (b. 1597 - d. 1656)
Sep 1656 - 1659            Alonso Pérez de Vivero y Menchaca, (b. 1603 - d. 1661)
                             conde de Fuensaldańa
May 1660 - Jun 1662        Francesco Caetani, duque de        (b. 1613 - d. 1683)    
                             Sermoneta
Jun 1662 - 29 Mar 1668     Luis de Guzmán Ponce de León,      (b. 1603 - d. 1668)
                             conde de Villaverde
Apr 1668 - Sep 1668        Pablo Spínola Doria, marqués de    (b. 1628 - d. 1699)
                             los Balbases (2nd time)
10 Sep 1668 - 26 Dec 1668  Francisco de Orozco y Portia,      (b. 1605 - d. 1668)
                             marqués de Olías y de Mortara
Mar 1669 - May 1670        Pablo Spínola Doria, marqués de    (s.a.)
                             los Balbases (2nd time)
May 1670 - Jul 1674        Gaspar Téllez-Girón y Sandoval,    (b. 1625 - d. 1694)
                             duque de Osuna
Jul 1674 - Nov 1678        Claude Lamoral, príncipe de Ligne  (b. 1618 - d. 1679)
Nov 1678 - Apr 1686        Juan Tomás Enríquez de Cabrera,    (b. 1646 - d. 1705)
                             conde de Melgar
 8 Apr 1686 - May 1691     Antonio López de Ayala Velasco y   (b. 1638 - d. 1709)
                             Cárdeńas, conde de Fuensalida
26 May 1691 - May 1698     Diego Dávila Mesía y Guzmán,       (b. 1666 - d. 1711)
                              marqués de Leganés
French Governor
17 May 1698 -  7 Sep 1706  Charles Henri de Lorraine,         (b. 1649 - d. 1723)
                             prince de Vaudémont    
Imperial Military commander
26 Sep 1706 - 16 Apr 1707  Eugenio Francesco di Savoia-       (b. 1663 - d. 1736)
                             Carignano, principe di Carignano 
Austrian Governors-general
16 Apr 1707 - Jan 1717     Eugenio Francesco di Savoia-       (s.a.)
                             Carignano, principe di Carignano
 3 Jan 1717 - 26 Dec 1718  Maximilian Carl Fürst von          (b. 1656 - d. 1718)
                             Löwenstein und Wertheim 
18 Jan 1719 - Dec 1725     Hieronymus IV Graf Colloredo       (b. 1674 - d. 1726)
                             von Waldsee (from 12 Dec 1724,
                             Reichsgraf Colloredo von Waldsee)
24 Dec 1725 - 21 Oct 1733  Philipp Wirich Lorenz Graf von     (b. 1669 - d. 1741)
                             Daun
11 Dec 1733 - Aug 1736     Carlo Emanuele III, duca di Savoia (b. 1701 - d. 1773)
                             (commander of Sardinian forces)
Aug 1736 - 20 Feb 1737     Ludwig Andreas Graf Khevenhüller   (b. 1683 - d. 1744)
                             von Aichelberg-Frankenburg
20 Feb 1737 - 17 Mar 1742  Otto Ferdinand Graf von Traun und
                             Abensberg                        (b. 1677 - d. 1748)
12 Sep 1743 - 16 Dec 1745  Johann Georg Christian Fürst von   (b. 1686 - d. 1755)
                             Lobkowitz
16 Jun 1745 - 22 Sep 1745  Giovanni Luca Pallavicini-         (b. 1697 - d. 1773)
                             Centurione (1st time)
                            (minister plenipotentiary)
Spanish Lieutenant-general
16 Dec 1745 - 19 Mar 1746  Felipe de Borbón, infante de       (s.a.)
                             Espańa
Austrian Governors-general

25 Aug 1746 - 16 Sep 1747  Giovanni Luca Pallavicini-         (b. 1697 - d. 1773)
                             Centurione (2nd time)
19 Sep 1747 - 18 Sep 1750  Ferdinand Bonaventura Graf von     (b. 1708 - d. 1778)
                             Harrach
26 Sep 1750 - 23 Sep 1753  Giovanni Luca Pallavicini-         (s.a.)
                             Centurione (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1753 - Oct 1771     Francesco Maria, duca di Modena    (b. 1698 - d. 1780)
                             (administrator to 14 Jan 1754)
Nov 1754 -  3 Jul 1758     Beltrame, conte Cristiani          (b. 1702 - d. 1758)
                             (acting for Duca di Modena)
29 Jul 1758 - 15 Oct 1771  Karl Joseph Graf von Firmian       (b. 1718 - d. 1782)
                             (acting for Duca di Modena)
15 Oct 1771 -  9 May 1796  Ferdinand Erzherzog von Österreich (b. 1754 - d. 1806)
15 Oct 1771 - 20 Jun 1782  Karl Joseph Graf von Firmian       (s.a.)
                             (acting for Ferdinand)
29 Jul 1782 -  9 May 1796  Johann Joseph Graf von Wilczek     (b. 1738 - d. 1819)
                             (imperial commissioner for Ferdinand)
 9 May 1796 - 29 Apr 1799  part of Transpadane/Cisapline republic
French Military Commanders in Lombardy
10 Jun 1796 - Aug 1796     Hyacinthe François Joseph Despinoy (s.a.)
13 Aug 1796 -  5 Jan 1797  Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers          (b. 1764 - d. 1813)
 5 Jan 1797 - Apr 1797     Charles Edward Jennings de Kilmaine(b. 1751 – d. 1799)
Apr 1797 - 1797            Jean Jacques Bernardin Colaud de   (b. 1758 - d. 1834)
                             Lasalcette
Austrian Governor-general

29 Apr 1799 - 29 May 1800  Filippo Cocastelli, marchese di    (b. 1751 - d. 1831)
                             Montiglio
29 May 1800 - 26 Jan 1802  part of Cisapline republic
Vice President of the Italian Republic
(Vicepresidente della Repubblica Italiana)
26 Jan 1802 - 17 Mar 1805  Francesco Melzi d'Eril             (s.a.)
                             (installed in office in Milan 14 Feb 1802)
Viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy
(Viceré d'Italia
)
 8 Jun 1805 - 23 Apr 1814  Eugenio di Beauharnais            (b. 1781 - d. 1824)
                             (from 16 Feb 1806, Eugenio Napoleone di Francia)
                             (from 30 Mar 1806) Principe di Venezia,
                             (from 28 Oct 1813) Granduca di Francoforte
                           (= Eugčne de Beauharnais
                            
from 16 Feb 1806, Eugčne Napoléon de France)
                             from 30 Mar 1806
, prince de Venise,
                             from 28 Oct 1813, grand-duc de Francoforte)
                           (appointed by imperial and royal decree 7 Jun 1805)
Austrian Military Governor
23 Apr 1814 - 25 May 1814  Feinrich XV Fürst zu Reuss-        (b. 1751 - d. 1825)
                             Plauen
Commissioner Plenipotentiary of the Emperor of Austria for the territory
of Austrian Lombardy and Mantua

25 May 1814 - 12 Jun 1814  Heinrich Joseph Johann Graf von    (b. 1756 - d. 1845)
                             Bellegarde (appointed 14 May 1814)
President of the Royal and Imperial Provisional Regency
12 Jun 1814 -  2 Jan
1816  Heinrich Joseph Johann Graf von    (s.a.)
                             Bellegarde

Governor of the Royal and Imperial Government in Milan (Gouverneur in Mailand)
1815 - 1817                Franz Josef Graf von Saurau        (b. 1760 - d. 1832)
Viceroys
of the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom
 7 Mar 1816 - 24 May 1818  Anton Victor Joseph Raymund        (b. 1779 - d. 1835)
                             Erzherzog von Österreich
24 May 1818 - 22 Mar 1848  Rainer Joseph Erzherzog von        (b. 1783 - d. 1853)
                             Österreich 
24 Feb 1818 -  3 May 1830  Giulio Giuseppe conte di Strassoldo(b. 1771 - d. 1830)
                             (gubernial-präsident; acting for Erzherzog Rainer)
Austrian Governors in Lombardy
 3 May 1830 -  1 Jul 1830  Febo d'Adda, marchese di Pandino   (b. 1772 - d. 1836)
                             (acting) 
 1 Jul 1830 - 26 Nov 1840  Franz de Paula Graf von Hartig     (b. 1789 - d. 1865)
26 Nov 1840 -  3 May 1841  Robert Anton Altgraf zu Salm-      (b. 1804 - d. 1875)
                             Reifferscheid (acting)
 3 May 1841 - 18 Mar 1848  Johann Baptist Graf von Spaur zu   (b. 1777 - d. 1852)
                             Pflaum und Valdör
18 Mar 1848 - 22 Mar 1848  Heinrich Graf O'Donnell (acting)   (b. 1802 - d. 1872)
Austrian Commanders-in-chief
 6 Aug 1848 - Oct 1849     Joseph Josef Wenzel Anton Franz    (b. 1766 - d. 1858)  
                             Karl Graf Radetzky von Radetz
 
1 Sep 1848 - 28 Mar 1849  Franz Emil Lorenz Graf von         (b. 1797 - d. 1870)
                             Wimpffen (acting)
Governors General

25 Sep 1848 - 1849         Alberto Montecuccoli Laderchi      (b. 1802 - d. 1852)
                            (Imperial plenipotentiary commissioner for civilian affairs)
Oct 1849 -  6 Sep 1857     Joseph Josef Wenzel Anton Franz    (s.a.) 
                             Karl Graf Radetzky von Radetz

 6 Sep 1857 - 27 Apr 1859  Ferdinand Maximilian Erzherzog von (b. 1832 - d. 1867)
                             Österreich
Civil and Military Governor
of Lombardy
19 Oct 1849 - 10 Jan 1851  Karl Borromäus Philipp Fürst von   (b. 1802 - d. 1858)
                             Schwarzenberg 
Governors of Lombardy (Statthalter der Lombardei)   
10 Jan 1851 - 10 Sep 1853  Michael Graf Strassoldo-Grafenberg (b. 1800 - d. 1873)
10 Sep 1853 -  8 Jun 1859  Friedrich Moritz Freiherr von      (b. 1804 - d. 1873)
                             Burger
27 Apr 1859 -  8 Jun 1859  Ernst Leopold Roman Freiherr von   (b. 1822 - d. 1879)
                             Kellersperg (acting for von Burger)
Austrian Commandant of the 2nd Army and Commanding general
27 Apr 1859 -  8 Jun 1859  Franz Graf Gyulai von Maros-Nemeth (b. 1798 - d. 1868)
                             und Nadaska
                            (= Ferenc Gyulay de Marosnémethi és nádaskai)


Grand Chancellors (Gran Cancelliere)
1499 - 1508                Pietro di Senanges, vescovo di     (b. 14.. - d. 1514)
                             Luçon (= Pierre de Sacierges)
1508 - 1515                Giovan Fermo Trivulzio
1515 - 1522                Antonio Prato
1522 - 14 Oct 1525         Conte Girolamo Moróne (1st time)   (b. 1470 - d. 1530)
1525 - 1527                Monsignor Marino Caracciolo        (b. 1468 - d. 1548)
1527 - 1530                Conte Girolamo Moróne (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1534 - 14 Aug 1560         Francesco Taverna, conte di        (b. 1488 - d. 1560)
                             Landriano
1561 - 1565                Giovanni de Varahona               (d. 1565)
1565 - 1572                Andrea Ponce de Léon
1572 - 1579                Giovan-Vincenzo Lopez de Montenegro
1579 - 1592                Danese Filiodone
1592 - 1619                Diego Salazar
1619 - 1635                Antonio Ferrer
1635 - 1646                Antonio Ronquillo Briceńo y Cuevas (b. 1590 - d. 1651)
                             de Velasco
1646 - 1652                Girolamo Quixada
1652 - 1670                Diego Zapata
1670 - 1672                Rafaele Villosa
1672 - 1678               
Marchese Gian-Antonio de Centellas
1678 - 1682                Vincente Calatayud y Toledo        (d. 1687)
29 Jul 1682 - 1686         Francesco Moles duca di Parete     (d. 1707)
1686 - 1691                Diego Íńiguez de Abarca            (d. c.1695)
1691 - 1696                Giorgio Clerici marchese di        (b. 1648 - d. 1736)
                             Cavenago (interim)
1696 - 1698               
Vicente Pérez de Araciel y Rada    (b. 1657 - d. 1734)
1698 - 1702                Michele Francesco Guerra
1702 - 1706                Michele dell'Olmo
1706 - 1707                Giovanni de Herrera
1707 -  7 Jun 1725         Pirro Visconti marchese di         (d. 1725)
                             Borgoratto
1725 - 1733                Marqués Marcos de Marańón y Lara
1733 - 1737                Giorgio Olivazzi marchese di       (s.a.)
                             Spinola
1737 - 1738                Conte Francesco Perlongo
1738 - 1744                Carlo Pertusati conte di           (b. 1674 - d. 1755)
                             Castelferro
1744 -  3 Jul 1758         Beltrame, conte Cristiani          (b. 1702 - d. 1758)
Ministers-plenipotentiary˛
29 Jul 1758 - 20 Jun 1782  Karl Joseph Graf von Firmian       (s.a.)
29 Jul 1782 -  9 May 1796  Johann Joseph Graf von Wilczek     (s.a.)
Grand Chancellor (Gran Cancelliere)

18 Mar 1805 - 24 Apr 1814 
Francesco Melzi d'Eril (from       (s.a.)
                             20 Dec 1807, duca di Lodi)

French Ambassadors
May 1798 - 13 Oc 1798      Charles Joseph Trouvé              (b. 1768 - d. 1860)
13 Oct 1798 -  7 Dec 1798  Joseph Fouché                      (b. 1759 - d. 1820)
 7 Dec 1798 - 27 Apr 1799  François Rivaud du Vignaud         (b. 1754 - d. 1836)

 ąstyle of the rulers:
(a) 22 Mar 1450 - 6 Sep 1499: Dux Mediolani, etc., Papiae, Angleriaeque comes ac [1464 Januae/Genuae et] Cremonae dominus ("Duke of Milan, etc., Count of Pavia, Angera, and Lord of [from 1464 Genoa and] Cremona");
(b) 6 Sep 1499 - 6 Feb 1500, 17 Apr 1500 - 16 Jun 1512, and 5 Oct 1515 - 19 Nov 1521:
the royal style of France;
(c) 29 Dec 1512 - 5 Oct 1515: Dux Mediolani, etc., Papiae Princeps, Angleriaeque Comes ac Genuae, Cremonae et Astae dominus ("
Duke of Milan, etc., Prince of Pavia, Count of Angera,  and Lord of Genoa, Cremona and Asti");
(d) 4 Apr 1522 - 26 Feb 1525: Dux Mediolani, et Bari, Papiae Princeps, Angleriaeque Comes, ac Genuae, Cremonae et Astae Dominus ("
Duke of Milan, and Bari, Prince of Pavia, Count of Angera, and Lord of Genoa, Cremona and Asti");
(e) 26 Feb 1525 -
1 Nov 1535: Dux Mediolani, et Bari, Papiae Princeps, Angleriaeque Comes, ac Cremonae Dominus ("Duke of Milan, and Bari, Prince of Pavia, Count of Angera, and Lord of Cremona");
(f) 16 Jan 1555 - 11 Oct 1698: the royal style of Spain;
(g) 26 Sep 1706 -  9 May 1796,
29 Apr 1799 - 29 Apr 1800 and 7 Apr 1815 - 8 Jun 1859:
the royal style of Austria;
(h) 26 Jan 1802 - 17 Mar 1805: Presidente della Repubblica Italiana ("President of the Italian Republic");
(i) 17 Mar 1805 - 11 Apr 1814: Re d'Italia ("King of Italy").  per la grazia di Dio, e per le Costituzioni imperatore de' Francesi e re d'Italia ("By the grace of God, and the Constitutions, Emperor of the French and King of Italy"). In legislation: Per la grazia di Dio e per le Costituzioni, Imperatore de Francesi e Re d'Italia; added: (1807) Protettore della Confederazione del Reno, (1810) Mediatore della Confederazione Svizzera ("By the grace of God, and the Constitutions, Emperor of the French and King of Italy" added [1807] "Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine", [1810] "Mediator of the Swiss Confederation").

 ˛In 1758, the Minister-plenipotentiary assumed the duties of the abolished post of Grand Chancellor (Gran Cancelliere) and became the head of government of the Duchy of Milan. During 1786-1791 he was also president of the Council of Government (Consiglio di Governo) and during 1791-1796 acted for Governor-general in chairing of the Government Conference (Conferenza Governativa).


Départements of the Cisalpine Republic/Italian Republic & Kingdom


Adda

 9 Jul 1797                Adda département of the Cisalpine Republic formed
                             from Swiss areas of Valtellina, Chiavenna and Bormio.
 5 Nov 1797                Renamed Adda-et-Oglio département.
 1 Sep 1798                Dissolved.
 8 Jun 1805                Adda département re-established as part of Italian Republic.

Commissioners of the Executive Power
18 Jun 1797 - 1797         Luigi Oliva (acting)
                            (for Adda, Lario, and Verbano)
Jul 1797 - 1798            Antonio Aldini                    (b. 1755 - d. 1826)
15 Sep 1798 - 1799         Carlo Rezia                       (b. 1771 - d. 1814)
Prefects
1805 - 1807                Giulio Pallavicini                (b. 1761 - d. 18..)
 5 Jun 1807 - 10 Oct 1809  Francesco Ticozzi                 (b. 1760 - d. 1824)
10 Oct 1809 - Apr 1812     Francesco Angiolini               (b. 1754 - d. 18..)
13 Apr 1812 - 1814         Carlo Rezia                       (s.a.)


Adriatico (Adriatique)

 1 May 1806                Adriatico département formed from Venice.

Prefects
 9 Apr 1806 - Sep 1809     Marco Serbelloni                  (b. 1748 - d. 1835)
 1 Oct 1809 - Sep 1814     Francesco de Galvagna             (b. 1775? - d. 1860)


Adige

 8 Jun 1805                Adige département formed from part of the Veneto.

Prefects
Jun 1805 - Mar 1806        V
incenzo Brunétti                 (b. 1761 - d. 1839)
20 Mar 1806 - 1806         Pio Eusebio Magenta               (b. 1771 - d. 1844)
25 Jul 1806 - 1809         Leonardo Thiene                   (b. 1763 - d. 1821)
1809 - 1814                Antonio Smancini                  (b. 1766 - d. 1831)


Agogna

1800                       Agogna département formed from parts of Piedmont.

Commissioners
14 Oct 1800 - Jun 1801     Benedetto conte Bňno              (b. 1765 - d. 1811)
Jun 1801 - Jul 1801        G. Borri
Jul 1801 - May 1802        Ludovico Lizzoli
Prefects
May 1802 - 1805            Raffaele Paravicini               (b. 1769 - d. 1853)
1805 - 1806                Giuseppe Tornielli                (b. 1764 - d. 1846)
1806  (2 1/2 months)       Lorenzo Romagnoli                 (b. 1762 - d. 1827)
 1 Nov 1806 - 1809         Alvise Mocenigo                   (b. 1760 - d. 1815)
10 Oct 1809 - 1814         Stefano Luini                     (b. 1769 - d. 1823)


Alto Adige (Haut-Adige)

 9 Jun 1810                Alto Adige
département of Kingdom of Italy formed from Trent.

Prefects
Jun 1810 - Dec 1811        Alessandro, conte Agucchi-Legnani (b. 1774 - d. 1853)
14 Dec 1811 - Oct 1813     Filippo del Fiume                 (b. 1762 - d. 1846)


Alto Po (Haut-Pô

 9 Jul 1797                Po département formed from Cremona and part of Mantua.
 5 Nov 1797                Renamed
Alto Po département.

Commissioners
30 Aug 1797 - 1798         Ubaldo Borsieri
1798 - 1799                Antonio Smancini                  (b. 1766 - d. 1831)
Prefects
Apr 1802 - Mar 1804        Marco Antonio Fé                  (b. 1762 - d. 1836)
1804 - 1806                Bartolomeo Masi                   (b. 1770 - d. 1828)
1806 - 30 Sep 1809         Francesco di Galvagna             (b. 1773 - d. 1860)
10 Oct 1809 - Feb 1814     Cesare Francesco Ticozzi          (b. 1760 - d. 1821)


Bacchiglione

 1 May 1806                Bacchiglione département formed from part of the Veneto.

Prefect
1806 - Dec 1813            Pio Eusebio Magenta               (b. 1771 - d. 1844)


Basso Po

 5 Jan 1797                Ferrara seat of Du Pô département of the Cisalpine Republic
                             formed from Ferrara and areas formerly part of Papal State.
 2 Jun? 1797               Renamed Basso Po (Pô Inférieur) département.
23 May 1799 - 1800         Austrian occupation.

Commissioners of the Executive Power
10 Aug 1797 - Sep 1798     Giambattista Boldrini             (b. 1764 - d. 1836)
15 Sep 1798 - 19 Oct 1798  Carlo Facci
19 Oct 1798 -  1 Apr 1799  Giuseppe Rangone                  (b. 1764 - d. 1830)
 1 Apr 1799 - 19 Apr 1799  Giambattista Masi
19 Apr 1799 - 22 May 1799  Vincenzo Bertolli
23 May 1799 - 1800         Austrian rule
1800 - Nov 1800            Giovanni Ristori                  (b. 1755 - d. 1830)
Nov 1800 - Apr 1801        Francesco Mocchetti (or Marchetti)
Apr 1801 - May 1802        Teodoro Somenzari                 (b. 1771 - d. 1859)
Prefects
May 1802 - Nov 1802        Teodoro Somenzari                 (s.a.)
Nov 1802 - 31 Mar 1803     Pio Eusebio Magenta               (b. 1771 - d. 1844)
                             (commissioner to 6 Feb 1803)
Apr 1803 - Jul 1807        Federico Cavriani                 (b. 1762 - d. 1833)
Jul 1807 - May 1808        Giovanni Scopoli                  (b. 1774 - d. 1854)
17 May 1808 - Jun 1814     Costantino Zacco                  (b. 1760 - d. 1841)


Brenta

 1 May 1806                Brenta département formed from part of the Veneto.

Prefects
1806 - 1809                Gaudenzio Maria Caccia, conte
    (b. 1765 - d. 1834)
                             di Romentino
12 Apr 1809 - 13 Aug 1812  Bonaventura Zecchini              (b. 1769 - d. 1824)
13 Aug 1812 - 1813         F
erdinando Porro                  (b. 1774 - d. 18..)


Crostolo: see under Modena


Lario

 9 Jul 1797 -  1 Sep 1798  Lario département of the Cispadane/Cisalpine Republic formed
                             from Como and areas
of Lombardy.
1800
                       Lario département re-established.

Commissioners
18 Jun 1797 - 1797         Luigi Oliva (acting)
                            (for Adda, Lario, and Verbano)
1797 - 1798                Gaspare Rezia
Prefects
22 May 1802 - 20 Dec 1802  Antonio Roncalli
20 Dec 1802 - May 1804     Giuseppe Casati                   (b. 1762 - d. 1833)
 9 May 1804 - 1805         Gaetano Boari                     (b. 1760 - d. 18..)
23 Jul 1805 - 1810         Michele Vismara                   (b. 1760 - d. 1819)
28 Apr 1810 - 1814         Giovanni Tamassia                 (b. 1776 - d. 1839)


Mella

 5 Nov 1797                Mella département formed from part of the Veneto.

Commissioners
15 Sep 1798 - 1799         Antonio Sabatti (1st time)        (b. 1766 - d. 1843)
1800 - Aug 1801            Antonio Sabatti (2nd time)        (s.a.)
Aug 1801 - Apr 1802        Giacomo Greppi                    (b. 1774 - d. 1836)
Apr 1802 - May? 1802       Alfonso Banfi
Prefects
1802 - 29 Sep 1804         Carlo Verri                       (b. 1743 - d. 1823)
29 Sep 1804 - 1806         Francesco Mosca                   (b. 17.. - d. 1812)
1806 - 1811                Giuseppe Tornielli                (b. 1764 - d. 1846)
1811 - 1814                Teodoro Somenzari                 (b. 1771 - d. 1859)


Metauro (Métaure)

1798 - 1799                Metauro département of the Roman Republic formed
                             from Marche and Ancona formerly part of Papal State
.
11 May 1808                Metauro département re-established within Kingdom of Italy.

Prefects
1808 - Dec 1811            Giuseppe 
Casati                   (b. 1762 - d. 1833)
14 Dec 1811 - 1814         Giacomo Gaspari                   (b. 1767 - d. 1830)


Mincio

 5 Nov 1797 -  1 Nov 1798  Mincio département formed from Mantua.
....
                      Mincio département re-established.

Commissioners
Jul 1797 - 1797            Giovanni Tordoro (acting)         (b. 1755 - d. 1836)
 5 Nov 1797 - 28 Jul 1799  Teodoro Somenzari                 (b. 1771 - d. 1859)
1799 - summer 1800         Austrian occupation
summer 1800                Giovanni Tammassia
1800 - May 1802            Marchetti
Prefects
1802 - May 1804            Gaetano Boari (Bovari)            (b. 1760 - d. 18..)
 9 May 1804 - 1809         Stanislao Antonio Cossoni         (b. 1756 - d. 1845)
10 Oct 1809 - May 1810     Giovanni Tammassia                (b. 1776 - d. 1839)
May 1810 - Jul 1814        Michel Vismara                    (b. 1760 - d. 1819)


Musone

1798 - 1799                Musone département of the Roman Republic formed
                             from Marche formerly part of Papal State
.
11 May 1808                Musone département re-established within Italian Republic.

Prefects
1806 - Dec 1811            Giacomo Gaspari
14 Dec 1811 - 1814         Michele De Villata                (b. 1774 - d. 18..)


Olona

 9 Jul 1797                Olona département of the Cispadane/Cisalpine Republic formed
                             from Pavia, Milan area
of Lombardy.
 1 Sep 1798 - 1800
        Milan département.
1800                       Olona département re-established.

Commissioners
15 Sep 1798 - 1799         Michele Pedrazzini
               (b. 1745 - d. 18..)
1799 - 1800                see Lombardy
Prefects
Jun 1800 - 27 Jul 1800     Michele Pedrazzini                (s.a.)
                             (government commissioner)
27 Jul 1800 - 15 Oct 1800  Rota (government commissioner)
15 Oct 1800 - Jun 1802     Leopoldo Staurenghi               (b. 1766 - d. 18..)

                             (government commissioner)
1802 - 1809                Lucrezio Longo                    (b. 1758 - d. 1816)
1809 - May 1814            Gaudenzo Maria Caccia             (b. 1765 - d. 1834)
 5 May 1814 - 1814         Giovanni Minoja                   (b. 1763 - d. 1832)


Panaro: see under Modena


Passariano

 1 May 1806                Passariano département formed from part of the Veneto.

Prefects
1806 - 1811                Teodoro Somenzari                 (b. 1771 - d. 1859)
14 Dec 1811 - 1814         Alessandro Agucchi Legnani        (b. 1774 - d. 1853)


Piave

 1 May 1806                Piave département formed from part of the Veneto.

Prefects
12 Jul 1806 - 1808         Carlo del Maino
1808 - 1811                Alessandro Frosconi               (b. 1780 - d. 18..)
14 Dec 1811 - 1814         Francesco Ferri                   (b. 1781 - d. 1823)


Reno

 5 Jan 1797                Reno département of the Cispadane/Cisalpine Republic formed
                             from Bologna and areas
formerly part of Papal State.
1797 - 1798                Département Haute-Paduse detached from Reno.

Commissioners
20 Aug 1797 - 13 Aug 1798  Carlo Caprara                     (b. 1755 - d. 1816)
13 Aug 1798 -  6 Sep 1798  Bernardo Monti
 6 Sep 1798 - 15 Sep 1798  Giacomo Pistorini
15 Sep 1798 - Apr 1799     Sebastiano Bológna                (b. 1752 - d. 1843)
Apr 1799 - 30 Jun 1799     Angelo Garimberti
1799 - 1800                Austrian occupation
 7 Jul 1800 -  7 Nov 1800  Giuseppe Cacciari                 (b. 1726 - d. 1802)
 7 Nov 1800 - Dec 1800     Domenico Pelosi
31 Dec 1800 - May 1801     Luigi Oliva
 9 May 1801 - Mar 1802     Alfonso Banfi
14 Mar 1802 - 26 Apr 1802  Stanislao Antonio Cossoni         (b. 1756 - d. 1845)
Prefects
Apr 1802 - Oct 1802        Alessandro Carlotti               (b. 1739 - d. 1828)
13 Oct 1802 - 1806         Teodoro Somenzari                 (b. 1771 - d. 1859)
Oct 1806 - 1809            Francesco Mosca                   (b. 17.. - d. 1812)
oct 1809 - 1813            Alvise Querini
Stampalia          (b. 1758 - d. 1834)
Aug 1813 - May 1814        Girolamo Tadini Oldofredi         (b. 1772 - d. 1839)


Rubicone

 5 Nov 1797 - 1799         Rubicone département of the Cisalpine Republic formed from
                             Forli, Pesaro and Montefeltro
formerly part of Papal State.
1799 - 13 Jul 1800         Austrian occupation.
Jul 1800                   Rubicone
département re-established within Italian Republic.
17 Dec 1800 - 23 Jan 1801  Austrian occupation.

Commissioners for the part Lamone
Mar 1798 - May 1798        Tommaso Galleppini
May 1798 - 1799?           Francesco Ginnasi
Extraordinary Commissioners for Lamone and Rubicone
Feb 1798 - Apr 1798        Diego Guicciardi
                  (b. 1756 - d. 1837)
Apr 1798 - 16 Jul 1798     Daniele Felici                    (b. 1756 - d. 1836)
Jul 1798 -  8 Sep 1798     Filippo Ronconi
 8 Sep 1798 - 15 Sep 1798  Dionigi Strocchi (1st time)       (b. 1762 - d. 1850)
15 Sep 1798 - 28 May 1799  Costantino Montaldi
1799 - 13 Jul 1800         Austrian occupation
Chairmen of the Regia-Cesarea Reggenza (
in Ravenna)
11 Jul 1799 - 15 Jan 1800  Camillo,
marchese Spreti          (b. 1748 - d. 1830)
15 Jan 1800 - Jul 1800     Francesco,
marchese Paulucci
Extraordinary Commissioners for Lamone and Rubicone
Jul 1800                   Psalidi

24 Jul 1800 - Oct 1800     Dionigi Strocchi (2nd time)       (s.a.)
20 Nov 1800 - 17 Dec 1800  Leopoldo Tangerini (1st time)     (b. 1741 - d. 1807)
17 Dec 1800 - 23 Jan 1801  Austrian occupation
23 Jan 1801 - 16 Jun 1801  Leopoldo Tangerini (2nd time)     (s.a.)
16 Jun 1801 - Aug 1801     Giovanni Margaritis
Sep 1801 - Mar 1802        Bianconi
Mar 1802 - May 1802        Tommaso Galleppini
Prefects of Rubicone département
May 1802 - May 1804        Bartolomeo Masi                   (b. 1770 - d. 1828)
 9 May 1804 - 1805         Vincenzo Brunétti                 (b. 1761 - d. 1839)
 9 May 1805 - 13 Aug 1806  Lorenzo Romagnoli                 (b. 1762 - d. 1827)
 1 Nov 1806 - 12 Apr 1809  Giuseppe Pallavicini              (b. 1776 - d. 1851)
21 Apr 1809 - 14 Dec 1811  Leopoldo Staurenghi               (b. 1766 - d. 18..)
14 Dec 1811 - 26 Dec 1813  Alessandro Frosconi               (b. 1780 - d. 18..)


Serio

 9 Jul 1797                Serio département of the Cisalpine Republic formed from
                             the Bergamo area
of Lombardy.

Commissioners
18 Jun 1797 - Aug 1797    
Ottavio Mozzoni (acting)
 5 Aug 1797 - Nov 1797     Girolamo Adelasio                 (b. 1768 - d. 1828)
Nov?
1797 - Sep 1798       Francesco Ticozzi (1st time)      (b. 1760 - d. 1824)
15 Sep 1798 - 1799         Alessandro Solza
1799 - 1800                Austrian occupation
1800 - Feb 1802            Francesco Ticozzi (2nd itme)      (s.a.)
Prefects

26 Apr 1802 - 1804         Vincenzo Brunétti                 (b. 1761 - d. 1839)
 9 May 1804 - Jun 1806     Giuseppe Casati                   (b. 1762
- d. 1833)
25 Jul 1806 - 1809         Cinzio Frangipane                 (b. 1765 - d. 1857)
12 Apr 1809 - 1811         Giuseppe Pallavicini              (b. 1776 - d. 1851)
11 Dec 1811 - 1814         Francesco Cornalia                (b. 1767 - d. 1844)


Tagliamento

11 Jan 1806                Tagliamento département formed from Treviso and parts of Veneto.

Magistrate
 5 Nov 1801 - 1806         
Bernardo Pasini                   (b. 1747 - d. 18..)
                             (provisional to 11 Jan 1806)
Prefects

 1 Jul 1806 - 1808         Giuseppe Casati                   (b. 1762 - d. 1833)
1808 - 13 Nov 1808         Giovanni Scopoli                  (b. 1774 - d. 1854)
13 Nov 1808 - 1814         Carlo del Maino


Tronto

1798 - 1799                Tronto département of the Roman Republic formed
                             from Marche formerly part of Papal State
.
11 May 1808                Tronto département re-established within Kingdom of Italy.

Prefects
21 Apr 1808 - 1811         Franceso Cornalia                 (b. 1767 - d. 1844)
14 Dec 1811 - 1814         Leopoldo Staurenghi               (b. 1766 - d. 18..)



Lucca
 
[Lucca to 1799,
                          1801-1803 (Italy)]
State flag: 12th cent - 4 Feb 1799;
26 Dec 1801 - 8 Aug 1805
[Lucca merchant
                        engsign, 13th cent. - 1799 (Italy)]
13th cent. - 4 Feb 1799 Merchant flag
 
[Lucchese
                          Republic, 1799-1801 (Italy)]
Feb 1799 - 26 Dec 1801 Civil flag
 
[Lucca Merchant
                          Ensign 1803-1805 (Italy)]
20 Jun 1803 - 8 Aug 1805 Merchant flag
[Lucca and
                          Piombino 1805-1809 (Italy)]
8 Aug 1805 - 3 Mar 1809 
[France]
3 Mar 1809 - Mar 1814
[Lucca,
                          1815-1847 (Italy)]
1815 - 5 Oct 1847
[Lucca State and Royal flag,
                          1818-1824 (Italy)]
7 Nov 1818 - 13 Mar 1824 State flag
[Lucca State and Royal flag,
                          1824-1847 (Italy)]
13 Mar 1824 - 5 Oct 1847 State flag
Maps of Lucca
Hear National Anthem
"Marcia Reale delle Casa di Borbone" (Royal March of the House of Bourbon)
Text of National Anthem
(1817-1847)
Constitutions (in Italian)
(17 Feb 1799-1801; 26 Dec
1801-1805; 26 Jun 1805-1809)
Capital: Lucca
Currency: 1700-1806, 
1815-1860 Italian States 
Lira (XITL); 1806-1815 Italian
States Franco (XITL)

National Holiday:
22 Dec (1799)
Birthday of Duke
Carlo Lodovico
(1824-1847)
Population: 145,000 (1828),
107,000 (1774)
Exports: $0.2 million (1831) Imports: $0.9 million (1831) Military Force: 1,400 (1826)
(including irregular 700)
Merchant Marine: 190 ships (1846)
 
23 Jun 1081                Lucca granted various rights and liberties.
c.1088                     Communal government begins in Lucca.
1209                       Commune receives imperial privileges.
Dec 1248 - 1819            Castiglione di Garfagnana granted by Emperor Federick II
                             (occupied by Florence 1429-1433; ceded to Modena 1819).
1288                       Commune purchases imperial immediacy.
1314                       Lucca submits to King Roberto of "Sicily" (Naples).
14 Jun 1314                Uguccione della Faggiuola, signore di Pisa, becomes signore
                             di Lucca (Lord of Lucca).
Jun 1316                   Castruccio Castracani degli Antelminelli becomes signore.
17 Nov 1327                Castruccio becomes duca di Lucca e Lumigiana.
 7 Oct 1328 - 15 Apr 1329  Imperial administration.
15 Apr 1329                The Emperor expels Arrigo, successor of Castruccio.
 2 Sep 1329                Lucca bought at auction by Gherardo Spinola, who proclaims
                             King Jan of Bohemia (John the Blind) as signore di Lucca
                             on 16 Mar 1331 (includes Pietrasanta 1370-1437 and 1496-1516).
1331 - 1436                Pietrasanta incorporated (briefly re-occupied in 1496-1513,
                             occupied by Genoa 1436-1484).
 3 Oct 1333                Lucca mortgaged to the Rossi family of Parma.
14 Nov 1335                Lucca ceded by the Rossi to the Della Scala of Verona.
25 Sep 1341                Lucca ceded by the Della Scala to Florence (Firenze), whose 
                             government proclaims King Roberto of Sicily as signore 
                             di Lucca.
 4 Jul 1342                Gallicano annexed (occupied by Modena 1430-1451).
 6 Jul 1342 - 25 Aug 1368  Pisa occupies and annexes Lucca.
 4 Sep 1368                Pisa cedes Lucca to the Holy Roman Emperor.
 6 Apr 1369                Lucca again purchases sovereignty imperial immediacy;
                             Commune of Lucca (Res Publica Lucensis) from 11 Oct 1430.
1369                       Montignoso annexed (an enclave after 1436).
1447                       Minucciano annexed.
 4 Feb 1799 - 17 Jul 1799  Republic of Lucca (Repubblica di Lucca/République de Lacques)(also
                             called the Lucchese Republic [Repubblica Lucchese/République de
                             Lucchese])(French occupation).
17 Jul 1799 -  9 Jul 1800  Commune of Lucca (Austrian occupation).
 9 Jul 1800 - 15 Sep 1800  Republic of Lucca (French occupation).
15 Sep 1800 -  9 Oct 1800  Commune of Lucca (Austrian occupation).
 9 Oct 1800                Republic of Lucca (Repubblica di Lucca/République de Lacques)
                             (French occupation).
24 Jun 1805                Principality of Lucca (Principato di Lucca/Principauté de Lucques)
                             (French rule, under Felice Baciocchi, husband of Elisa Bonaparte).
 1 May 1806 -  4 May 1814  Massa and Carrara with Garfagnana are dependencies of Lucca.
 3 Mar 1809 - 13 Mar 1814  Merged into Grand Duchy of Tuscany, as part of France.
10 Dec 1813 - 12 Dec 1813  Brief occupation by the Third Anglo-Sicilian Regiment under
                             Lt. Colonel Carlo Catinelli.
17 Mar 1814 -  6 Apr 1814  Occupied by Naples under General Minutolo.
 7 Apr 1814 - 22 Nov 1817  Occupied by Austria.
 7 Apr 1814                State of Lucca (Stato di Lucca).
22 Nov 1817                Duchy of Lucca (Ducato di Lucca).
 2 Apr 1819                Castiglione di Garfagnana ceded to Modena (by 4 Mar 1819 convention)
 5 Oct 1847                Annexed to Tuscany (Gallicano, Minucciano, and Montignoso are
                             ceded to Modena).
 
Gonfalonieri di Giustizia (Standard-bearers of Justice)
 1 Jan 1700 - 28 Feb 1700  Bartolommeo Conami
 1 Mar 1700 - 30 Apr 1700  Giuseppe Tucci 
 1 May 1700 - 30 Jun 1700  Orazio Guinigi (1st time?) 
 1 Jul 1700 - 31 Aug 1700  Giovanbattista Mansi (1st time?)
 1 Sep 1700 - 31 Oct 1700  Salavatore Franchi 
 1 Nov 1700 - 31 Dec 1700  Romano Garzoni (1st time)
 1 Jan 1701 - 28 Feb 1701  Pompeo Saminiati
 1 Mar 1701 - 30 Apr 1701  Giacomo Sarini
 1 May 1701 - 30 Jun 1701  Agostino Santini (1st time?)
 1 Jul 1701 - 31 Aug 1701  Nicolao Montecatini
 1 Sep 1701 - 31 Oct 1701  Girolamo Narducci (1st time?)
 1 Nov 1701 - 31 Dec 1701  Ippolito Bulamonti (1st time?)
 1 Jan 1702 - 28 Feb 1702  Massimiliano del Portico (1st time?)
 1 Mar 1702 - 30 Apr 1702  Iacopo Graziani (1st time?)
 1 May 1702 - 30 Jun 1702  Attilio Arnolfini (1st time?)
 1 Jul 1702 - 31 Aug 1702  Ferrante Cittadella (1st time?)
 1 Sep 1702 - 31 Oct 1702  Cesare Rapondi (1st time?) 
 1 Nov 1702 - 31 Dec 1702  Stefano Spada (1st time?) 
 1 Jan 1703 - 28 Feb 1703  Carlo Parensi
 1 Mar 1703 - 30 Apr 1703  Domenico Filippo Bartolomei
 1 May 1703 - 30 Jun 1703  Pompeo Micheli (1st time)
 1 Jul 1703 - 31 Aug 1703  Domenico Sesti (1st time)
 1 Sep 1703 - 31 Oct 1703  Girolamo Benassai
 1 Nov 1703 - 31 Dec 1703  Girolamo Boccella 
 1 Jan 1704 - 29 Feb 1704  Nicolao Gigli (1st time)
 1 Mar 1704 - 30 Apr 1704  Nicolao Diodati (1st time)
 1 May 1704 - 30 Jun 1704  Francesco Tegrimi
 1 Jul 1704 - 31 Aug 1704  Vincenzo Galganetti (1st time)
 1 Sep 1704 - 31 Oct 1704  Tommaso Sandonnini (1st time)
 1 Nov 1704 - 31 Dec 1704  Guglielmo Balbani
 1 Jan 1705 - 28 Feb 1705  Francesco Marcello Burlamacchi (1st time)
 1 Mar 1705 - 30 Apr 1705  Francesco Busdraghi (1st time)
 1 May 1705 - 30 Jun 1705  Vincenzo Pini (1st time)
 1 Jul 1705 - 31 Aug 1705  Carlo Minutoli
 1 Sep 1705 - 31 Oct 1705  Ferdinando Arnolfini
 1 Nov 1705 - 31 Dec 1705  Giovanbernardo Buonvisi (1st time)
 1 Jan 1706 - 28 Feb 1706  Massimiliano dal Portico (2nd time)
 1 Mar 1706 - 30 Apr 1706  Cesare Rapondi (2nd time)
 1 May 1706 - 30 Jun 1706  Agostino Santini (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1706 - 31 Aug 1706  Giovancarlo Ciuffarini
 1 Sep 1706 - 31 Oct 1706  Giovanfrancesco Boccella (1st time)
 1 Nov 1706 - 31 Dec 1706  Orazio Giunigi (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1707 - 28 Feb 1707  Domenico Sessti
 1 Mar 1707 - 30 Apr 1707  Girolamo Narducci (2nd time)
 1 May 1707 - 30 Jun 1707  Attilio Arnolfini (2nd time) 
 1 Jul 1707 - 31 Aug 1707  Giovanbattista Mansi (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1707 - 31 Oct 1707  Iacopo Graziani (2nd time)
 1 Nov 1707 - 31 Dec 1707  Romano Garzoni (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1708 - 29 Feb 1708  Nicolao de' Nobili (1st time)
 1 Mar 1708 - 30 Apr 1708  Francesco Saminiati
 1 May 1708 - 30 Jun 1708  Ippolito Bulamonti (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1708 - 31 Aug 1708  Ferrante Citadella (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1708 - 31 Oct 1708  Iacopo Sardini (1st time) 
 1 Nov 1708 - 31 Dec 1708  Stefano Spada (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1709 - 28 Feb 1709  Nicolao Diodati (2nd time)
 1 Mar 1709 - 30 Apr 1709  Giovanlando Diversi (1st time)
 1 May 1709 - 30 Jun 1709  Lelio Guinigi (1st time)
 1 Jul 1709 - 31 Aug 1709  Nicolao Gigli (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1709 - 31 Oct 1709  Nicolao Gili
 1 Nov 1709 - 31 Dec 1709  Girolamo Benassai 
                           + Pompeo Micheli (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1710 - 28 Feb 1710  Francesco Marcello Burlamacchi (2nd time)
 1 Mar 1710 - 30 Apr 1710  Tommaso Sandonnini (2nd time) 
 1 May 1710 - 30 Jun 1710  Vincenzo Pini (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1710 - 31 Aug 1710  Carlo Minutoli (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1710 - 31 Oct 1710  Domenico Filippo Barolomei
 1 Nov 1710 - 31 Dec 1710  Filippo Fatinelli (1st time)
 1 Jan 1711 - 28 Feb 1711  Girolamo Parensi 
 1 Mar 1711 - 30 Apr 1711  Francesco Busdraghi (2nd time)
 1 May 1711 - 30 Jun 1711  Antonio Guidiccioni
 1 Jul 1711 - 31 Aug 1711  Vincenzo Galganetti (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1711 - 31 Oct 1711  Giovanbattista Trenta (1st time)
 1 Nov 1711 - 31 Dec 1711  Giovanpaolo Forteguerra (1st time)
 1 Jan 1712 - 29 Feb 1712  Nicolao de' Nobili (2nd time)
 1 Mar 1712 - 30 Apr 1712  Ascanio Ciuffarini
 1 May 1712 - 30 Jun 1712  Attilio Arnolfini (3rd time)
 1 Jul 1712 - 31 Aug 1712  Federigo Ottolini (1st time)
 1 Sep 1712 - 31 Oct 1712  Iacopo Graziani (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1712 - 31 Dec 1712  Agostino Santini (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1713 - 28 Feb 1713  Baldassare Montecatini (1st time)
 1 Mar 1713 - 30 Apr 1713  Giovanfrancesco Boccella (2nd time)
 1 May 1713 - 30 Jun 1713  Stefano Spada (3rd time) 
 1 Jul 1713 - 31 Aug 1713  Ferrante Cittadella (3rd time) 
 1 Sep 1713 - 31 Oct 1713  Giovandomenico dal Portico
 1 Nov 1713 - 31 Dec 1713  Ippolito Bulamonti (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1714 - 28 Feb 1714  Domenic Sesti (2nd time) 
 1 Mar 1714 - 30 Apr 1714  Francesco Saminiati
 1 May 1714 - 30 Jun 1714  Giovanbernardo Buonvisi (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1714 - 31 Aug 1714  Lorenzo Cenami (1st time)
 1 Sep 1714 - 31 Oct 1714  Carloantonio Marchiň (1st time)
 1 Nov 1714 - 31 Dec 1714  Domenico Masai
 1 Jan 1715 - 28 Feb 1715  Carolo Bonfigli
 1 Mar 1715 - 30 Apr 1715  Cesare Rapondi (3rd time)
 1 May 1715 - 30 Jun 1715  Federigo Bernardini (1st time)
 1 Jul 1715 - 31 Aug 1715  Carlo Provenzali (1st time)
 1 Sep 1715 - 31 Oct 1715  Nicolao Santini 
 1 Nov 1715 - 31 Dec 1715  Lelio Giunigi (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1716 - 29 Feb 1716  Lorenzo Cenami (2nd time)
 1 Mar 1716 - 30 Apr 1716  Buonviso Buonvisi
 1 May 1716 - 30 Jun 1716  Pompeo Micheli (3rd time)
 1 Jul 1716 - 31 Aug 1716  Nicolao Gigli (3rd time)
 1 Sep 1716 - 31 Oct 1716  Federigo Lucchesini
 1 Nov 1716 - 31 Dec 1716  Vincenzo Pini (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1717 - 28 Feb 1717  Nicolao Parensi (1st time)
 1 Mar 1717 - 30 Apr 1717  Giovanbattista Spada (1st time)
 1 May 1717 - 30 Jun 1717  Filippo Fatinelli (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1717 - 31 Aug 1717  Giovanbattista Sesti (1st time)
 1 Sep 1717 - 31 Oct 1717  Giovanlando Diversi (2nd time)
 1 Nov 1717 - 31 Dec 1717  Giovanpaolo Forteguerra (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1718 - 28 Feb 1718  Nicolao de' Nobili (3rd time)
 1 Mar 1718 - 30 Apr 1718  Iacopo Filippo Graziani (1st time)
 1 May 1718 - 30 Jun 1718  Federigo Bernardini (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1718 - 31 Aug 1718  Baldassare Montecatini (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1718 - 31 Oct 1718  Giovanfrancesco Boccella (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1718 - 31 Dec 1718  Attilio Arnolfini (4th time)
 1 Jan 1719 - 28 Feb 1719  Ferrante Cittadella (4th time) 
 1 Mar 1719 - 30 Apr 1719  Cesare Bonassai
 1 May 1719 - 30 Jun 1719  Ippolito Burlamacchi (1st time)
 1 Jul 1719 - 31 Aug 1719  Federigo Ottolini (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1719 - 31 Oct 1719  Tommaso Narducci (1st time)
 1 Nov 1719 - 31 Dec 1719  Giovandomenico Aleogradi
 1 Jan 1720 - 29 Feb 1720  Carlo Orsucci 
 1 Mar 1720 - 30 Apr 1720  Carlantonio Marchiň (2nd time)
 1 May 1720 - 30 Jun 1720  Filippo Vanni (1st time)
 1 Jul 1720 - 31 Aug 1720  Nicolao Parensi (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1720 - 31 Oct 1720  Giovanbattista Trenta (2nd time) 
 1 Nov 1720 - 31 Dec 1720  Agostino Santini (4th time)
 1 Jan 1721 - 28 Feb 1721  Lorenzo Cenami (3rd time)
 1 Mar 1721 - 30 Apr 1721  Cesare Rapondi (4th time)
 1 May 1721 - 30 Jun 1721  Pompeo Micheli (4th time)
 1 Jul 1721 - 31 Aug 1721  Ferrante Cittadella (5th time)
 1 Sep 1721 - 31 Oct 1721  Pierfrancesco Boccella (1st time)
 1 Nov 1721 - 31 Dec 1721  Lelio Guinigi (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1722 - 28 Feb 1722  Lodovico Garzoni (1st time)
 1 Mar 1722 - 30 Apr 1722  Pietro Serantoni
 1 May 1722 - 30 Jun 1722  Gregorio Tegrimi (1st time) 
 1 Jul 1722 - 31 Aug 1722  Carlo Provenzali (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1722 - 31 Oct 1722  Carlo de' Nobili (1st time)
 1 Nov 1722 - 31 Dec 1722  Alessandro Fanucci (1st time)
 1 Jan 1723 - 28 Feb 1723  Giovanbattista Sesti (2nd time) 
 1 Mar 1723 - 30 Apr 1723  Giovanbattista Spada (2nd time)
 1 May 1723 - 30 Jun 1723  Francesco Balbani (1st time)
 1 Jul 1723 - 31 Aug 1723  Nicolao Gigli (4th time)
 1 Sep 1723 - 31 Oct 1723  Giovanbattista Trenta (3rd time) 
 1 Nov 1723 - 31 Dec 1723  Cesare Antonio Buiamonti (1st time)
 1 Jan 1724 - 29 Feb 1724  Lorenzo Cenami (4th time) 
 1 Mar 1724 - 30 Apr 1724  Iacopo Filipo Graziani (2nd time)
 1 May 1724 - 30 Jun 1724  Attilio Arnolfini (5th time)
 1 Jul 1724 - 31 Aug 1724  Cerio Orsucci
 1 Sep 1724 - 31 Oct 1724  Alessandro Buonvisi (1st time)
 1 Nov 1724 - 31 Dec 1724  Alessandro Fanucci (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1725 - 28 Feb 1725  Nicolao de' Nobili (4th time)
 1 Mar 1725 - 30 Apr 1725  Giovanfrancesco Boccella (4th time) 
 1 May 1725 - 30 Jun 1725  Filippo Vanni (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1725 - 31 Aug 1725  Nicolao Parensi (3rd time)
 1 Sep 1725 - 31 Oct 1725  Carlantonio Marchiň (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1725 - 31 Dec 1725  Giovandomenico Altoradi
 1 Jan 1726 - 28 Feb 1726  Arrigo Galganetti (1st time)
 1 Mar 1726 - 30 Apr 1726  Cesare Benassai
 1 May 1726 - 30 Jun 1726  Federigo Bernardini (3rd time)
 1 Jul 1726 - 31 Aug 1726  Baldassare Montecatini (3rd time)
 1 Sep 1726 - 31 Oct 1726  Tommaso Narducci (2nd time) 
 1 Nov 1726 - 31 Dec 1726  Ippolito Burlamacchi (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1727 - 28 Feb 1727  Carlo Provenzali (3rd time)
 1 Mar 1727 - 30 Apr 1727  Cesare Rapondi (5th time)
 1 May 1727 - 30 Jun 1727  Lelio Guinigi (4th time)
 1 Jul 1727 - 31 Aug 1727  Pompeo Micheli (5th time)
 1 Sep 1727 - 31 Oct 1727  Carlo de' Nobili (2nd time)
 1 Nov 1727 - 31 Dec 1727  Pompeo Micheli (5th time)
 1 Jan 1728 - 29 Feb 1728  Ferrrante Cittadella (6th time)
 1 Mar 1728 - 30 Apr 1728  Giovanbattista Spada (3rd time)
 1 May 1728 - 30 Jun 1728  Stefano Buonvisi
 1 Jul 1728 - 31 Aug 1728  Cesare Burlamacchi (1st time)
 1 Sep 1728 - 31 Oct 1728  Pierfrancesco Boccella (2nd time)
 1 Nov 1728 - 31 Dec 1728  Francesco Balbani (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1729 - 28 Feb 1729  Lodovico Garzoni (2nd time)
 1 Mar 1729 - 30 Apr 1729  Pietro Serantoni
 1 May 1729 - 30 Jun 1729  Iacopo Filippo Mansi (1st time)
 1 Jul 1729 - 31 Aug 1729  Giovanbattista Sesti (3rd time)
 1 Sep 1729 - 31 Oct 1729  Giovanbattista Trenta (4th time)
 1 Nov 1729 - 31 Dec 1729  Cesare Antonio Bulamonti (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1730 - 28 Feb 1730  Iacopo Ciuffarini
 1 Mar 1730 - 30 Apr 1730  Iacopo Filippo Graziani (3rd time)
 1 May 1730 - 30 Jun 1730  Federigo Bernardini (4th time)
 1 Jul 1730 - 31 Aug 1730  Lorenzo Cenami (5th time)
 1 Sep 1730 - 31 Oct 1730  Alessandro Buonvisi (2nd time) 
 1 Nov 1730 - 31 Dec 1730  Attilio Arnolfini (6th time)
 1 Jan 1731 - 28 Feb 1731  Cristoforo Orsucci (1st time)
 1 Mar 1731 - 30 Apr 1731  Girolamo Bartolomei (1st time)
 1 May 1731 - 30 Jun 1731  Giovandomenico Altogradi
 1 Jul 1731 - 31 Aug 1731  Nicolao Parensi (4th time)
 1 Sep 1731 - 31 Oct 1731  Carlantonio Marchiň (4th time)
 1 Nov 1731 - 31 Dec 1731  Filippo Vanni (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1732 - 29 Feb 1732  Baldassare Montecantini (4th time)
 1 Mar 1732 - 30 Apr 1732  Tommaso Narducci (3rd time)
 1 May 1732 - 30 Jun 1732  Alessandro Fanucci (3rd time)
 1 Jul 1732 - 31 Aug 1732  Arrigo Galganetti (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1732 - 31 Oct 1732  Giovanfrancesco Boccella (5th time)
 1 Nov 1732 - 31 Dec 1732  Alessandro Guinigi (1st time)
 1 Jan 1733 - 28 Feb 1732  Ferrante Cittadella (7th time)
 1 Mar 1733 - 30 Apr 1733  Cesare Rapondi (6th time)
 1 May 1733 - 30 Jun 1733  Gregorio Tegrimi (3rd time)
 1 Jul 1733 - 31 Aug 1733  Pompeo Micheli (6th time)
 1 Sep 1733 - 31 Oct 1733  Pierfrancesco Boccella (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1733 - 31 Dec 1733  Lelio Guinigi (5th time)
 1 Jan 1734 - 28 Feb 1734  Giovanbattista Sesti (4th time)
 1 Mar 1734 - 30 Apr 1734  Tomasso Narducci (4th time)
 1 May 1734 - 30 Jun 1734  Lorenzo Diodati (1st time)
 1 Jul 1734 - 31 Aug 1734  Lodovico Garzoni (3rd time)
 1 Sep 1734 - 31 Oct 1734  Carlo Domenico Tucci (1st time) 
 1 Nov 1734 - 31 Dec 1734  Iacopo Filippo Mansi (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1735 - 28 Feb 1735  Cesare Burlamacchi (2nd time)
 1 Mar 1735 - 30 Apr 1735  Compagno Vittorio Compagni (1st time)
 1 May 1735 - 30 Jun 1735  Cesare Antonio Budamonti (3rd time)
 1 Jul 1735 - 31 Aug 1735  Giovanbattista Spada (4th time)
 1 Sep 1735 - 31 Oct 1735  Carlo Provenzali (4th time)
 1 Nov 1735 - 31 Dec 1735  Giovanbattista Spada (5th time)
                           + Francesco Balbani (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1736 - 29 Feb 1736  Cristoforo Orsucci (2nd time) 
 1 Mar 1736 - 30 Apr 1736  Bartolomeo Micheli (1st time)
 1 May 1736 - 30 Jun 1736  Federigo Bernardini (5th time)
 1 Jul 1736 - 31 Aug 1736  Arrigo Galganetti (3rd time)
 1 Sep 1736 - 31 Oct 1736  Alessandro Buonvisi (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1736 - 31 Dec 1736  Filippo Vanni (4th time)
 1 Jan 1737 - 28 Feb 1737  Alessandro Ottolini (1st time)
 1 Mar 1737 - 30 Apr 1737  Girolamo Bartolomei (2nd time)
 1 May 1737 - 30 Jun 1737  Paolo Ridolfo Arnolfini (1st time)
 1 Jul 1737 - 31 Aug 1737  Baldassare Montecatini (5th time)
 1 Sep 1737 - 31 Oct 1737  Carlo de' Nobili (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1737 - 31 Dec 1737  Giovan Tommaso Spada (1st time)
 1 Jan 1738 - 28 Feb 1738  Nicolao Parensi (5th time) 
 1 Mar 1738 - 30 Apr 1738  Carlantonio Marchiň (5th time)
 1 May 1738 - 30 Jun 1738  Alessandro Guinigi (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1738 - 31 Aug 1738  Guglielmo dal Portico (1st time)
 1 Sep 1738 - 31 Oct 1738  Giovanfrancesco Boccella (6th time)
 1 Nov 1738 - 31 Dec 1738  Alessandro Fanucci (4th time)
 1 Jan 1739 - 28 Feb 1739  Carlo Provenzali (5th time)
 1 Mar 1739 - 30 Apr 1739  Tommaso Narducci (5th time)
 1 May 1739 - 30 Jun 1739  Lelio Guinigi (6th time)
 1 Jul 1739 - 31 Aug 1739  Ferrante Cittadella (8th time)
 1 Sep 1739 - 31 Oct 1739  Iacopo Filippo Graziani (4th time)
 1 Nov 1739 - 31 Dec 1739  Gregorio Tegrimi (4th time)
 1 Jan 1740 - 29 Feb 1740  Iacopo Parensi 
 1 Mar 1740 - 30 Apr 1740  Giovanbattista Spada (6th time)
 1 May 1740 - 30 Jun 1740  Lorenzo Diodati (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1740 - 31 Aug 1740  Girolamo Sesti (1st time)
 1 Sep 1740 - 31 Oct 1740  Giovanbattista Sardini (1st time)
 1 Nov 1740 - 31 Dec 1740  Cesare Bulamonti
 1 Jan 1741 - 28 Feb 1741  Cesare Burlamacchi (3rd time)
 1 Mar 1741 - 30 Apr 1741  Scipione Lucchesini
 1 May 1741 - 30 Jun 1741  Michelangelo Orsucci (1st time)
 1 Jul 1741 - 31 Aug 1741  Lodovico Garzoni (3rd time)
 1 Sep 1741 - 31 Oct 1741  Carlo-Domenico Tucci (2nd time) 
 1 Nov 1741 - 31 Dec 1741  Iacopo-Filippo Mansi (4th time)
 1 Jan 1742 - 28 Feb 1742  Baldassare Monteccatini (6th time)
 1 Mar 1742 - 30 Apr 1742  Giovanfrancesco Boccella (7th time)
 1 May 1742 - 30 Jun 1742  Federigo Bernardini (6th time)
 1 Jul 1742 - 31 Aug 1742  Nicolao Parensi (6th time) 
 1 Sep 1742 - 31 Oct 1742  Compagne Vittorio Compagni (2nd time)
 1 Nov 1742 - 31 Dec 1742  Paolo Ridolfo Arnolfini (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1743 - 28 Feb 1743  Guglielmo dal Portico (2nd time) 
 1 Mar 1743 - 30 Apr 1743  Carlo de' Nobili (4th time)
 1 May 1743 - 30 Jun 1743  Giovan Tommaso Spada (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1743 - 31 Aug 1743  Vincenzo Minutoli
 1 Sep 1743 - 31 Oct 1743  Girolamo Bartolomei (3rd time) 
 1 Nov 1743 - 31 Dec 1743  Giovanfrancesco Fanucci
 1 Jan 1744 - 29 Feb 1744  Carlo Mansi 
 1 Mar 1744 - 30 Apr 1744  Carlantonio Marchiň (6th time) 
 1 May 1744 - 30 Jun 1744  Angelo Bianchi 
 1 Jul 1744 - 31 Aug 1744  Alessandro Ottolini (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1744 - 31 Oct 1744  Bartolomeo Micheli (3rd time)  
 1 Nov 1744 - 31 Dec 1744  Alessandro Ottolini (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1745 - 28 Feb 1745  Iacopo Giusepi Parensi
 1 Mar 1745 - 30 Apr 1745  Tommaso Narducci (6th time)
 1 May 1745 - 30 Jun 1745  Gregorio Tegrimi (5th time)
 1 Jul 1745 - 31 Aug 1745  Cesare Burlamacchi (4th time)
 1 Sep 1745 - 31 Oct 1745  Cesare Santini
 1 Nov 1745 - 31 Dec 1745  Cesare Antonio Buiamonti (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1746 - 28 Feb 1746  Lodovico Garzoni (4th time)
 1 Mar 1746 - 30 Apr 1745  Francesco Pini (1st time)
 1 May 1746 - 30 Jun 1745  Tommaso Guinigi
 1 Jul 1746 - 31 Aug 1746  Filippo Gasparo Mansi (1st time)
 1 Sep 1746 - 31 Oct 1746  Carlo Domenico Tucci (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1746 - 31 Dec 1746  Giuseppe Maria Altogradi
 1 Jan 1747 - 28 Feb 1747  Alfonso Domenico Cittadella
 1 Mar 1747 - 30 Apr 1747  Giovan Vinenzo Spada (1st time)
 1 May 1747 - 30 Jun 1747  Michelangelo Orsucci (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1747 - 31 Aug 1747  Girolamo Sesti (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1747 - 31 Oct 1747  Scipione Lucchesini
 1 Nov 1747 - 31 Dec 1747  Lorenzo Diodati (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1748 - 29 Feb 1748  Baldassare Montecatini (7th time)
 1 Mar 1748 - 30 Apr 1748  Compagno Compagni (1st time)
 1 May 1748 - 30 Jun 1748  Angelo Bianchi
 1 Jul 1748 - 31 Aug 1748  Nicolao Parensi (7th time)
 1 Sep 1748 - 31 Oct 1748  Giovanbattista Sardini (2nd time)
 1 Nov 1748 - 31 Dec 1748  Gregorio Tegrimi (6th time)
 1 Jan 1749 - 28 Feb 1749  Girolamo Sesti (3rd time)
 1 Mar 1749 - 30 Apr 1749  Andrea Sbarra (1st time)
 1 May 1749 - 30 Jun 1749  Filippo Bottini
 1 Jul 1749 - 31 Aug 1749  Virginio Provenzali (1st time)
 1 Sep 1749 - 31 Oct 1749  Carlo Domenico Tucci (4th time)
 1 Nov 1749 - 31 Dec 1749  Paolo Ridolfo Arnolfini (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1750 - 28 Feb 1750  Iacopo Galganetti (1st time)
 1 Mar 1750 - 30 Apr 1750  Bartolomeo Micheli (3rd time)
 1 May 1750 - 30 Jun 1750  Angelo Antonio Torre
 1 Jul 1750 - 31 Aug 1750  Alessandro Ottolini (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1750 - 31 Oct 1750  Bartolomeo Boccella (1st time)
 1 Nov 1750 - 31 Dec 1750  Cristoforo Balbani (1st time)
 1 Jan 1751 - 28 Feb 1751  Alfonso Cittadella
 1 Mar 1751 - 30 Apr 1751  Cesare Santini
 1 May 1751 - 30 Jun 1751  Lorenzo Diodati (4th time)
 1 Jul 1751 - 31 Aug 1751  Cesare Burlamacchi (5th time)
 1 Sep 1751 - 31 Oct 1751  Tommaso Narducci (7th time)
 1 Nov 1751 - 31 Dec 1751  Cesare Buiamonti (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1752 - 29 Feb 1752  Filippo Gasparo Mansi (2nd time)
 1 Mar 1752 - 30 Apr 1752  Scipione Lucchesini (1st time)
 1 May 1752 - 30 Jun 1752  Francesco Bernardini (1st time)
 1 Jul 1752 - 31 Aug 1752  Bartolomeo Cenami (1st time)
 1 Sep 1752 - 31 Oct 1752  Francesco Pini (2nd time)
 1 Nov 1752 - 31 Dec 1752  Michelangelo Orsucci (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1753 - 28 Feb 1753  Alessandro Ottolini (4th time)
 1 Mar 1753 - 30 Apr 1753  Giovan Vincenzo Spada (2nd time)
 1 May 1753 - 30 Jun 1753  Giuseppe Maria Altogradi (1st time)
 1 Jul 1753 - 31 Aug 1753  Girolamo Sesti (4th time)
 1 Sep 1753 - 31 Oct 1753  Carlo Domenico Tucci (5th time)
 1 Nov 1753 - 31 Dec 1753  Paolo Ridolfo Arnolfini (4th time)
 1 Jan 1754 - 28 Feb 1754  Iacopo Galganetti (2nd time) 
 1 Mar 1754 - 30 Apr 1754  Tommaso Narducci (8th time)
 1 May 1754 - 30 Jun 1754  Angelo Bianchi
 1 Jul 1754 - 31 Aug 1754  Carlo Maria Andreozzi (1st time)
 1 Sep 1754 - 31 Oct 1754  Francesco Pini (3rd time) 
 1 Nov 1754 - 31 Dec 1754  Franesco Nieri (1st time)
 1 Jan 1755 - 28 Feb 1755  Virginio Provenzali (2nd time)
 1 Mar 1755 - 30 Apr 1755  Bartolomeo Boccella (2nd time)
 1 May 1755 - 30 Jun 1755  Filippo Bottini
 1 Jul 1755 - 31 Aug 1755  Guglielmo dal Portico (3rd time)
 1 Sep 1755 - 31 Oct 1755  Andrea Sbarra (2nd time) 
 1 Nov 1755 - 31 Dec 1755  Cristoforo Balbani (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1756 - 29 Feb 1756  Carlo Maria Andreozzi (2nd time)
 1 Mar 1756 - 30 Apr 1756  Scipione Lucchesini (2nd time)
 1 May 1756 - 30 Jun 1756  Francesco Nieri (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1756 - 31 Aug 1756  Iacopo Galganetti (3rd time)
 1 Sep 1756 - 31 Oct 1756  Compagno Compagni (2nd time)
 1 Nov 1756 - 31 Dec 1756  Michelangelo Orsucci (4th time)
 1 Jan 1757 - 28 Feb 1757  Alessandro Ottolini (5th time)
 1 Mar 1757 - 30 Apr 1757  Andrea Sbarra (3rd time)
 1 May 1757 - 30 Jun 1757  Lorenzo Diodati (5th time)
 1 Jul 1757 - 31 Aug 1757  Bartolomeo Cenami (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1757 - 31 Oct 1757  Bartolomeo Boccella (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1757 - 31 Dec 1757  Giuseppe Maria Altogradi (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1758 - 28 Feb 1758  Filippo Gasparo Mansi (3rd time)
 1 Mar 1758 - 30 Apr 1758  Giovan Vincenzo Spada (3rd time)
 1 May 1758 - 30 Jun 1758  Francesco Bernardini (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1758 - 31 Aug 1758  Alessandro Ottolini (6th time)
 1 Sep 1758 - 31 Oct 1758  Tommaso Narducci (9th time)
 1 Nov 1758 - 31 Dec 1758  Michelangelo Orsucci (5th time)
 1 Jan 1759 - 28 Feb 1759  Virginio Provenzali (3rd time)
 1 Mar 1759 - 30 Apr 1759  Francesco Pini (4th time)
 1 May 1759 - 30 Jun 1759  Fabio Guinigi
 1 Jul 1759 - 31 Aug 1759  Carlo Minutoli (3rd time)
 1 Sep 1759 - 31 Oct 1759  Giovanbattista Sardini (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1759 - 31 Dec 1759  Paolo Ridolfo Arnolfini  (5th time)
 1 Jan 1760 - 29 Feb 1760  Guglielmo dal Portico (4th time)
 1 Mar 1760 - 30 Apr 1760  Ippolito de Nobili (1st time)
 1 May 1760 - 30 Jun 1760  Cristoforo Balbani (3rd time)
 1 Jul 1760 - 31 Aug 1760  Nicolao Ciuffarini (1st time)
 1 Sep 1760 - 31 Oct 1760  Giuseppe Pagnini
 1 Nov 1760 - 31 Dec 1760  Filippo Bottini (1st time)
 1 Jan 1761 - 28 Feb 1761  Filippo Gasparo Mansi (4th time)
 1 Mar 1761 - 30 Apr 1761  Lucchesino Lucchesini (1st time)
 1 May 1761 - 30 Jun 1761  Francesco Nieri (3rd time)
 1 Jul 1761 - 31 Aug 1761  Carlo Minutoli (4th time)
 1 Sep 1761 - 31 Oct 1761  Bartolomeo Boccella (4th time)
 1 Nov 1761 - 31 Dec 1761  Ippolito Antonio Buiamonti
 1 Jan 1762 - 28 Feb 1762  Carlo Maria Andreozzi (3rd time)
 1 Mar 1762 - 30 Apr 1762  Francesco Gaetano Spada (1st time)
 1 May 1762 - 30 Jun 1762  Lorenzo Diodati (6th time)
 1 Jul 1762 - 31 Aug 1762  Bartholomeo Cenami (1st time)
 1 Sep 1762 - 31 Oct 1762  Carlo Domenico Tucci (6th time)
 1 Nov 1762 - 31 Dec 1762  Francesco Bernardini (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1763 - 28 Feb 1763  Iacopo Antonio Galganetti
 1 Mar 1763 - 30 Apr 1763  Andrea Sbarra (4th time)
 1 May 1763 - 30 Jun 1763  Giuseppe Maria Altogradi (3rd time)
 1 Jul 1763 - 31 Aug 1763  Carlo Maria Andreozzi (4th time)
 1 Sep 1763 - 31 Oct 1763  Ippolito de Nobili (2nd time)
 1 Nov 1763 - 31 Dec 1763  Girolamo Palma
 1 Jan 1764 - 29 Feb 1764  Federigo Cittadella (1st time)
 1 Mar 1764 - 30 Apr 1764  Lucchesino Lucchesini (2nd time)
 1 May 1764 - 30 Jun 1764  Cristoforo Balbani (5th time)
 1 Jul 1764 - 31 Aug 1764  Virginio Provenzali (4th time)
 1 Sep 1764 - 31 Oct 1764  Carlo Guidiccioni (1st time)
 1 Nov 1764 - 31 Dec 1764  Michelantonio Bianchi (1st time)
 1 Jan 1765 - 28 Feb 1765  Iacopo Galganetti (4th time)
 1 Mar 1765 - 30 Apr 1765  Girolamo Benassai (1st time)
 1 May 1765 - 30 Jun 1765  Giovanbattista Saladini (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1765 - 31 Aug 1765  Nicolao Ciuffarini (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1765 - 31 Oct 1765  Lodovico Sardini (1st time)
 1 Nov 1765 - 31 Dec 1765  Filippo Balbani
 1 Jan 1766 - 28 Feb 1766  Filippo Gasparo Mansi (6th time)
 1 Mar 1766 - 30 Apr 1766  Bartolomeo Boccella (6th time)
 1 May 1766 - 30 Jun 1766  Fabio Guinigi (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1766 - 31 Aug 1766  Bartholomeo Cenami (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1766 - 31 Oct 1766  Ottavio Micheli (1st time)
 1 Nov 1766 - 31 Dec 1766  Francesco Bernardini (4th time)
 1 Jan 1767 - 28 Feb 1767  Nicolao Ciuffarini (3rd time)
 1 Mar 1767 - 30 Apr 1767  Carlo Guidiccioni (2nd time)
 1 May 1767 - 30 Jun 1767  Lorenzo Diodati (7th time)
 1 Jul 1767 - 31 Aug 1767  Carlo Minutoli (3rd time)
 1 Sep 1767 - 31 Oct 1767  Francesco Gaetano Spada (2nd time)
 1 Nov 1767 - 31 Dec 1767  Francesco Nieri (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1768 - 29 Feb 1768  Paolino Ottolini (1st time)
 1 Mar 1768 - 30 Apr 1768  Andrea Sbarra (5th  time)
 1 May 1768 - 30 Jun 1768  Lorenzo Motroni (1st time)
 1 Jul 1768 - 31 Aug 1768  Federigo Cittadella (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1768 - 31 Oct 1768  Ippolito de Nobili (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1768 - 31 Dec 1768  Silvestro Mansi (1st time)
 1 Jan 1769 - 28 Feb 1769  Nicolao Donati (1st time)
 1 Mar 1769 - 30 Apr 1769  Lucchesino Lucchesini (3rd time)
 1 May 1769 - 30 Jun 1769  Giovanbattista Saladini (3rd time)
 1 Jul 1769 - 31 Aug 1769  Paolino Ottolini (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1769 - 31 Oct 1769  Ludovico Sardini (2nd time)
 1 Nov 1769 - 31 Dec 1769  Michelantonio Bianchi (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1770 - 28 Feb 1770  Carlo Minutoli (4th time)
 1 Mar 1770 - 30 Apr 1770  Girolamo Benassi (2nd time)
 1 May 1770 - 30 Jun 1770  Cristoforo Balbani (6th time)
 1 Jul 1770 - 31 Aug 1770  Virginio Provenzali (5th time)
 1 Sep 1770 - 31 Oct 1770  Girolamo Narducci
 1 Nov 1770 - 31 Dec 1770  Filippo Bottini (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1771 - 28 Feb 1771  Bartholomeo Cenami (3rd time)
 1 Mar 1771 - 30 Apr 1771  Bartolomeo Boccella (7th time)
 1 May 1771 - 30 Jun 1771  Francesco Nieri (4th time)
 1 Jul 1771 - 31 Aug 1771  Federigo Cittadella (3rd time)
 1 Sep 1771 - 31 Oct 1771  Carlo Guidiccioni (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1771 - 31 Dec 1771  Francesco Bernardini (5th time)
 1 Jan 1772 - 29 Feb 1772  Nicolao Ciuffarini (4th time)
 1 Mar 1772 - 30 Apr 1772  Ottavio Micheli (2nd time)
 1 May 1772 - 30 Jun 1772  Fabio Guinigi (3rd time)
 1 Jul 1772 - 31 Aug 1772  Girolamo Parensi (1st time)
 1 Sep 1772 - 31 Oct 1772  Andrea Sbarra (6th time)
 1 Nov 1772 - 31 Dec 1772  Nicolao Orsucci (1st time)
 1 Jan 1773 - 28 Feb 1773  Luigi Mansi (1st time)
 1 Mar 1773 - 30 Apr 1773  Francesco Spada
 1 May 1773 - 30 Jun 1773  Lorenzo Matroni (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1773 - 31 Aug 1773  Carlo Minutoli (5th time)
 1 Sep 1773 - 31 Oct 1773  Lucchesino Lucchesini (4th time)
 1 Nov 1773 - 31 Dec 1773  Filippo Bottini (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1774 - 28 Feb 1774  Paolino Ottolini (3rd time)
 1 Mar 1774 - 30 Apr 1774  Gherardo Campagni (1st time)
 1 May 1774 - 30 Jun 1774  Cristoforo Balbani (7th time)
 1 Jul 1774 - 31 Aug 1774  Nicolao Donati (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1774 - 31 Oct 1774  Aurelio Baldassare Guinigi         (b. 1717-  d. 1796)
                             (1st time)
 1 Nov 1774 - 31 Dec 1774  Michelantonio Bianchi (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1775 - 28 Feb 1775  Virginio Provenzali (6th time)
 1 Mar 1775 - 30 Apr 1775  Girolamo Benassai (2nd time)
 1 May 1775 - 30 Jun 1775  Silvestro Mansi (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1775 - 31 Aug 1775  Bartolomeo Cenami (6th time)
 1 Sep 1775 - 31 Oct 1775  Iacopo Sardini
 1 Nov 1775 - 31 Dec 1775  Lorenzo Montroni (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1776 - 29 Feb 1776  Federigo Cittadella (4th time)
 1 Mar 1776 - 30 Apr 1776  Bartolomeo Boccella (8th time)
 1 May 1776 - 30 Jun 1776  Giovanbattista Saladini (4th time)
 1 Jul 1776 - 31 Aug 1776  Nicolao Ciuffarini (5th time) 
 1 Sep 1776 - 31 Oct 1776  Paolo Santini
 1 Nov 1776 - 31 Dec 1776  Nicolao Orsucci (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1777 - 28 Feb 1777  Girolamo Parensi (2nd time)
 1 Mar 1777 - 30 Apr 1777  Ottavio Micheli (3rd time)
 1 May 1777 - 30 Jun 1777  Francesco Bernardini (6th time)
 1 Jul 1777 - 31 Aug 1777  Carlo Minutoli (5th time)
 1 Sep 1777 - 31 Oct 1777  Bartolomeo Boccella (9th time)
 1 Nov 1777 - 31 Dec 1777  Cristoforo Balbani (8th time)
 1 Jan 1778 - 28 Feb 1778  Nicolao Donati (3rd time)
 1 Mar 1778 - 30 Apr 1778  Gherardo Campagni (2nd time)
 1 May 1778 - 30 Jun 1778  Carlo Burlamacchi (1st time)
 1 Jul 1778 - 31 Aug 1778  Lorenzo Bertolini (1st time)
 1 Sep 1778 - 31 Oct 1778  Girolamo Benassai (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1778 - 31 Dec 1778  Michelantonio Bianchi
 1 Jan 1779 - 28 Feb 1779  Paolino Ottolini (4th time)
 1 Mar 1779 - 30 Apr 1779  Aurelio Baldassare Guinigi         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 1 May 1779 - 30 Jun 1779  Silvestro Mansi (3rd time) 
 1 Jul 1779 - 31 Aug 1779  Federigo Cittadella (5th time)
 1 Sep 1779 - 31 Oct 1779  Lucchesino Lucchesini  (5th time)
 1 Nov 1779 - 31 Dec 1779  Giovanbattista Saladini (5th time)
 1 Jan 1780 - 29 Feb 1780  Nicolao Ciuffarini (6th time)
 1 Mar 1780 - 30 Apr 1780  Gherardo Campagni (3rd time)
 1 May 1780 - 30 Jun 1780  Lorenzo Matroni (3rd time) 
 1 Jul 1780 - 31 Aug 1780  Luigi Mansi (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1780 - 31 Oct 1780  Paolino Santini (2nd time)
 1 Nov 1780 - 31 Dec 1780  Nicolao Orsucci (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1781 - 28 Feb 1781  Nicolao Montecatini (1st time)
 1 Mar 1781 - 30 Apr 1781  Ottavio Micheli (4th time)
 1 May 1781 - 30 Jun 1781  Filippo Fatinelli (1st time)
 1 Jul 1781 - 31 Aug 1781  Nicolao Donati (4th time)
 1 Sep 1781 - 31 Oct 1781  Bartholomeo Boccella (10th time)
 1 Nov 1781 - 31 Dec 1781  Carlo Burlamacchi (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1782 - 28 Feb 1782  Giovan Vincenzo Bottini
 1 Mar 1782 - 30 Apr 1782  Lucchesino Lucchesini (6th time)
 1 May 1782 - 30 Jun 1782  Tommaso Mazzarosa (1st time)
 1 Jul 1782 - 31 Aug 1782  Lorenzo Bertolini (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1782 - 31 Oct 1782  Aurelio Baldassare Guinigi         (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1782 - 31 Dec 1782  Silvestro Arnolfini (1st time)     (b. 1723 - d. 1813)
 1 Jan 1783 - 28 Feb 1783  Paolino Ottolini (5th time)
 1 Mar 1783 - 30 Apr 1783  Girolamo Benassai (4th time)
 1 May 1783 - 30 Jun 1783  Silvestro Mansi (4th time)
 1 Jul 1783 - 31 Aug 1783  Federigo Cittadella (6th time)
 1 Sep 1783 - 31 Oct 1783  Pompeo Guidiccioni (1st time)
 1 Nov 1783 - 31 Dec 1783  Lorenzo Motroni (4th time)
 1 Jan 1784 - 29 Feb 1784  Luigi Mansi (3rd time)
 1 Mar 1784 - 30 Apr 1784  Gherardo Compagni (1st time)
 1 May 1784 - 30 Jun 1784  Giuseppe Guinigi 
 1 Jul 1784 - 31 Aug 1784  Agostino Sesti (1st time)
 1 Sep 1784 - 31 Oct 1784  Paolino Santini (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1784 - 31 Dec 1784  Filippo Fatinelli (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1785 - 28 Feb 1785  Nicolao Montecatini (2nd time)
 1 Mar 1785 - 30 Apr 1785  Ottavio Micheli (5th time)
 1 May 1785 - 30 Jun 1785  Nicolao Orsucci (4th time)
 1 Jul 1785 - 31 Aug 1785  Frediano Parensi (1st time)
 1 Sep 1785 - 31 Oct 1785  Gherardo Compagni (2nd time) 
 1 Nov 1785 - 31 Dec 1785  Silvestro Arnolfini (2nd time)    (s.a.)
 1 Jan 1786 - 28 Feb 1786  Nicolao Donati (5th time)
 1 Mar 1786 - 30 Apr 1786  Pompeo Guidiccioni (2nd time)
 1 May 1786 - 30 Jun 1786  Lorenzo Motroni (5th time)
 1 Jul 1786 - 31 Aug 1786  Lorenzo Bertolini (3rd time)
 1 Sep 1786 - 31 Oct 1786  Aurelio Baldassare Guinigi        (s.a.)
                             (4th time)
 1 Nov 1786 - 31 Dec 1786  Tommaso Mazzarosa (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1787 - 28 Feb 1787  Paolino Ottolini (6th time)
 1 Mar 1787 - 30 Apr 1787  Girolamo Benassai (5th time)
 1 May 1787 - 30 Jun 1787  Carlo Burlamacchi (3rd time)
 1 Jul 1787 - 31 Aug 1787  Federigo Cittadella (7th time)
 1 Sep 1787 - 31 Oct 1787  Cristoforo Boccella (1st time)
 1 Nov 1787 - 31 Dec 1787  Federigo Bernardini (1st time)
 1 Jan 1788 - 29 Feb 1788  Luigi Mansi (4th time)
 1 Mar 1788 - 30 Apr 1788  Girolamo Benassai (6th time)
 1 May 1788 - 30 Jun 1788  Filippo Fatinelli (3rd time)
 1 Jul 1788 - 31 Aug 1788  Agostino Sesti (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1788 - 31 Oct 1788  Carlo de' Nobili (1st time) 
 1 Nov 1788 - 31 Dec 1788  Nicolao Orsucci (5th time)
 1 Jan 1789 - 28 Feb 1789  Nicolao Montecatini (3rd time) 
 1 Mar 1789 - 30 Apr 1789  Paolino Santini (4th time)
 1 May 1789 - 30 Jun 1789  Scipione Serantoni (1st time)
 1 Jul 1789 - 31 Aug 1789  Carlo Provenzali (1st time)
 1 Sep 1789 - 31 Oct 1789  Pompeo Guidiccioni (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1789 - 31 Dec 1789  Lorenzo Motroni (6th time)
 1 Jan 1790 - 29 Feb 1790  Frediano Parensi (2nd time)
 1 Mar 1790 - 30 Apr 1790  Gherardo Compagni (3rd time)
 1 May 1790 - 30 Jun 1790  Silvestro Arnolfini (3rd time)     (s.a.)
 1 Jul 1790 - 31 Aug 1790  Paolino Ottolini (7th time)
 1 Sep 1790 - 31 Oct 1790  Aurelio Baldassare Guinigi         (s.a.)
                             (5th time)
 1 Nov 1790 - 31 Dec 1790  Carlo Burlamacchi (4th time)
 1 Jan 1791 - 28 Feb 1791  Lorenzo Bertolini (4th time) 
 1 Mar 1791 - 30 Apr 1791  Ottavio Micheli (6th time)
 1 May 1791 - 30 Jun 1791  Bernardino Torre (1st time)
 1 Jul 1791 - 31 Aug 1791  Federigo Cittadella (8th time)
 1 Sep 1791 - 31 Oct 1791  Cristoforo Boccella (2nd time) 
 1 Nov 1791 - 31 Dec 1791  Federigo Bernardini (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1792 - 29 Feb 1792  Luigi Mansi (5th time)
 1 Mar 1792 - 30 Apr 1792  Gherardo Compagni (4th time)
 1 May 1792 - 30 Jun 1792  Filippo Fatinelli (4th time) 
 1 Jul 1792 - 31 Aug 1792  Nicolao Montecatini (4th time)
 1 Sep 1792 - 31 Oct 1792  Paolino Santini (5th time)
 1 Nov 1792 - 31 Dec 1792  Carlantonio Marchiň (1st time)
 1 Jan 1793 - 28 Feb 1793  Agostino Sesti (3rd time)
 1 Mar 1793 - 30 Apr 1793  Carlo de' Nobili (2nd time)
 1 May 1793 - 30 Jun 1793  Nicolao Orsucci (6th time)
 1 Jul 1793 - 31 Aug 1793  Frediano Parensi (3rd time)
 1 Sep 1793 - 31 Oct 1793  Cristoforo Boccella (3rd time) 
 1 Nov 1793 - 31 Dec 1793  Lorenzo Motroni (7th time)
 1 Jan 1794 - 28 Feb 1794  Carlo Provenzali (2nd time)
 1 Mar 1794 - 30 Apr 1794  Pompeo Guidiccioni (4th time)
 1 May 1794 - 30 Jun 1794  Silvestro Arnolfini (4th time)     (s.a.)
 1 Jul 1794 - 31 Aug 1794  Lorenzo Bertolini (5th time)
 1 Sep 1794 - 31 Oct 1794  Carlo de' Nobili (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1794 - 31 Dec 1794  Berbardino Torre (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1795 - 28 Feb 1795  Nicolao Montecatini (5th time)
 1 Mar 1795 - 30 Apr 1795  Scipione Serantoni (2nd time)
 1 May 1795 - 30 Jun 1795  Carlo Burlamacchi (5th time)
 1 Jul 1795 - 31 Aug 1795  Paolino Ottolini (8th time)
 1 Sep 1795 - 31 Oct 1795  Gherardo Compagni (5th time)
 1 Nov 1795 - 31 Dec 1795  Francesco Mazzarosa (1st time)     (b. 1764 - d. 1800)
 1 Jan 1796 - 29 Feb 1796  Carlo Provenzali (3rd time)
 1 Mar 1796 - 30 Apr 1796  Pompeo Guidiccioni (5th time)
 1 May 1796 - 30 Jun 1796  Filippo Fatinelli (5th time)
 1 Jul 1796 - 31 Aug 1796  Federigo Cittadella (9th time)
 1 Sep 1796 - 31 Oct 1796  Ottavio Micheli (6th time)
 1 Nov 1796 - 31 Dec 1796  Federigo Bernardini (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1797 - 29 Feb 1797  Lorenzo Bertolini (6th time)
 1 Mar 1797 - 30 Apr 1797  Paolino Santini (6th time)
 1 May 1797 - 30 Jun 1797  Carlantonio Marchiň (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1797 - 31 Aug 1797  Frediano Parensi (4th time)
 1 Sep 1797 - 31 Oct 1797  Cristoforo Boccella (4th time)
 1 Nov 1797 - 31 Dec 1797  Francesco Mazzarosa (2nd time)     (s.a.)
 1 Jan 1798 - 28 Feb 1798  Cosimo Bernardini
 1 Mar 1798 - 30 Apr 1798  Gherardo Compagni (6th time)
 1 May 1798 - 30 Jun 1798  Silvestro Arnolfini (5th time)     (s.a.)
 1 Jul 1798 - 31 Aug 1798  Lelio Oretti
 1 Sep 1798 - 31 Oct 1798  Scipione Serantoni (3rd time)
 1 Nov 1798 - 31 Dec 1798  Berbardino Torre (3rd time)
 1 Jan 1799 -  4 Feb 1799  Nicolao Montecatini (6th time)
 4 Feb 1799 - 17 Jul 1799  Executive Directory
                           Initial members:
                           - Giorgio Martinelli
                           - Giovanni Domenico Merli
                           - Giovanni Sebastiano Giusti
                           - Jacopo Pellegrini
                           - Jacopo Antonio Franchi
                           Four of the above replaced at different times by:
                           - Domenico Bertagna
                           - Pietro Martelli Leonardi
                           - Giuseppe Duccini
                           - Francesco Belluomini             (b. 17.. - d. 1808)
17 Jul 1799 - 24 Jul 1799  Balěa or Provisional Regency
                           - Gregorio Minutoli (1st time)
                           - Vincenzo Lucchesini
                           - Federico Bernardini
                           - Giovanni Battista Montecatini
                           - Pietro Compagni (1st time)
                           - Silvestro Arnolfini              (s.a.)
                           - Nicolao Santini
                           - Lelio Mansi
                           - Francesco Melchiorre Di Poggio
                           - Giacomo Trebiliani
24 Jul 1799 -  9 Jul 1800  Balěa or Provisional Regency
                           Initial members:
                           - Nicolao Montecatini
                           - Ferrante Cittadella
                           - Costantino de' Nobili
                           - Gregorio Minutoli (2nd time)
                           - Pietro Compagni (2nd time)
                           - Pierangelo Guinigi
                           - Giovanni Battista Trenta
                           - Carlo Antonio Marchiň
                           - Vincenzo Landucci
                           - Pietro Francesco Giuseppe Massei
                           [36 persons in all served, 10 at a time]
 9 Jul 1800 - 20 Jul 1800  (First) Provisional Government
                           - Giacomo Lucchesini (1st time)
                           - Carlo Franceschini (1st time)
                           - Vincenzo Cotenna
                           - Domenico Moscheni (1st time)
                           - Salvatore Bianchini
                           - Giuseppe Duccini
                           - Giovanni Rossi
                           - Gregorio Minutoli (1st time)
                           - Pietro Martelli
                           - Stefano Bezzani
20 Jul 1800 -  9 Sep 1800  (Second) Provisional Government
                           - Domenico Moscheni (2nd time)
                           - Luigi Matteucci (1st time)         (b. 1772 - d. 1841)
                           - Carlo Franceschini (2nd time)
                           - Giovanni Battista Giorgetti
                           - Francesco Martelli
                           - Paolo Garzoni (1st time)
                           - Gregorio Minutoli (2nd time)
 9 Sep 1800 - 15 Sep 1800  (Third) Provisional Government
                           - Orazio Saminiati
                           - Giacomo Luccesini (2nd time)
                           - Costantino de' Nobili
                           - Cosimo Bernardini
                           - Francesco Martelli Leonardi
                           - Paolino de' Giudici
                           - Bernardino Bandettini
                           - Luigi Matteucci (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                           - Paolo Garzoni (2nd time)
15 Sep 1800 -  9 Oct 1800  Balěa or Provisional Regency
                           [Membership unavailable]
 9 Oct 1800 -  3 Jan 1802  Provisional Government
                           - Giovanni Battista Montecatini
                             (to 16 Nov 1800)
                           - Domenico Pieri
                             (from 16 Nov 1800)
                           - Ferrante Cittadella
                             (to 15 Oct 1800)
                           - Giovanni Sebastiano Giusti
                             (15 Oct 1800 - 6 Jan 1801)
                           - Gregorio Minutoli
                             (to 23 Feb 1801)
                           - Pierangelo Guinigi
                             (to 20 Mar 1801)
                           - Giovanni Battista Trenta
                           - Alessandro Ottolini
                             (to 15 Oct 1800)
                           - Francesco Belluomini             (s.a.)
                             (from 15 Oct 1800)
                           - Lelio Mansi (to 4 Dec 1800)
                           - Giuseppe Duccini
                             (from 4 Dec 1800)
                           - Giuseppe Di Poggio
                             (to 4 Dec 1800)
                           - Rocco Giannini
                             (4 Dec 1800 - 20 Mar 1801)
                           - Ascanio Mansi (to 5 Jan 1801)    (b. 1773 - d. 1840)
                           - Luigi Matteucci                  (s.a.)
                             (from 14 Oct 1800)
 3 Jan 1802 - 28 Feb 1802  Alessandro Paoli
 1 Mar 1802 - 30 Apr 1802  Domenico Merli (1st time)
 1 May 1802 - 30 Jun 1802  Francesco Belluomini (1st time)    (s.a.)
 1 Jul 1802 - 31 Aug 1802  Cesare Lucchesini (1st time)       (b. 1756 - d. 1832)
 1 Sep 1802 - 31 Oct 1802  Domenico Pieri (1st time)
 1 Nov 1802 - 31 Dec 1802  Pierangelo Guinigi
 1 Jan 1803 - 28 Feb 1803  Pietro Pellini (1st time)
 1 Mar 1803 - 30 Apr 1803  Giovanni Rossi (1st time)
 1 May 1803 - 30 Jun 1803  Raffaele Mansi
 1 Jul 1803 - 31 Aug 1803  Giacomo Pellegrini (1st time)
 1 Sep 1803 - 31 Oct 1803  Nicolao Giorgini (1st time)        (b. 1773 - d. 1854)
 1 Nov 1803 - 31 Dec 1803  Giovanni Filippo Santini (1st time)
 1 Jan 1804 - 29 Feb 1804  Domenico Merli (2nd time)
 1 Mar 1804 - 30 Apr 1804  Cesare Lucchesini (2nd time)       (s.a.)
 1 May 1804 - 30 Jun 1804  Domenico Pieri (2nd time)
 1 Jul 1804 - 31 Aug 1804  Pietro Pellini (2nd time)
 1 Sep 1804 - 31 Oct 1804  Giovanni Rossi (2nd time)
 1 Nov 1804 - 31 Dec 1804  Giacomo Pellegrini (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1805 - 28 Feb 1805  Giovanni Filippo Santini (2nd time)
 1 Mar 1805 - 30 Apr 1805  Nicolao Giorgini (2nd time)        (s.a.)
 1 May 1805 - 23 Jun 1805  Francesco Belluomini (2nd time)    (s.a.)
Princeą
24 Jun 1805 - 13 Mar 1814  Felice I (= Felice Baciocchi)      (b. 1762 - d. 1841)
14 Mar 1814 -  6 Apr 1814  Council of the Principality
                           - Luigi Matteucci (chairman)       (s.a.)
                           - Luigi Vannucci
                           - Francesco Martelli 
                           - Giuseppe Belluomini
                           - Cesare Lucchesini                (s.a.)
                           - Cosimo Bernardini
                           - Nicolao Giorgini                 (s.a.) 
                           - Giuseppe Duccini
 7 Apr 1814 -  3 May 1814  Superior Provisional Administration
                           - Luigi Matteucci (chairman)       (s.a.)
                           - Luigi Vannucci
                           - Francesco Martelli 
                           - Cesare Lucchesini                (s.a.)
                           - Cosimo Bernardini
                           - Nicolao Giorgini                 (s.a.) 
                           - Giuseppe Duccini
 3 May 1814 - 11 May 1814  Provisional Government Commission 
                           - Iacopo Paoli
                           - Lelio Orsetti 
                              (president from 6 May 1814)
                           - Rocco Felice Giannini
                           - Carlo Fascetti
                           - Pellegrino Marchiň               (d. 1843)
                           - Giuseppe Tommaso Di Poggio
                           - Raffaele Mansi
                           - Andrea Frediani
                           - Bernardino Bandettini
11 May 1814 - 31 May 1815  Provisional Government
                           - Lelio Orsetti 
                              (president to 24? May 1815)
                           - Luigi Matteucci                  (s.a.)
                           - Pierangelo Guinigi
Governors
 3 May 1814 - 11 May 1814  Antonio Capece Minutolo, principe  (b. 1768 - d. 1838) 
                             di Canosa (Naples)
11 May 1814 -  1 Mar 1815  Anton Gundacker Graf von           (b. 1776 - d. 1842)
                             Starhemberg (Austria)
                             (governor-general)
 1 Mar 1815 - 22 Nov 1817  Joseph Werklein (Austria)          (b. 1777 - d. 1829)
Duchess (title Duchessa di Lucca)
22 Nov 1817 - 13 Mar 1824  Maria Luisa                        (b. 1782 - d. 1824)
Duke (title Duca di Lucca)
13 Mar 1824 -  5 Oct 1847  Carlo Lodovico                     (b. 1799 - d. 1883)

Secretary of State and of the Cabinet
15 Mar 1805 - 26 Aug 1812  Jean–Baptiste Froussard (1st time) (b. 1765 - d. 1846)
Secretary of State
26 Aug 1812 - 16 May 1813  Raffaele Mansi
Secretary of State and of the Cabinet
16 May 1813 - 13 Mar 1814  Jean–Baptiste Froussard (2nd time) (s.a.)
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
1818 - Mar 1840            Ascanio Mansi                      (s.a.)
Mar 1840 - Oct 1843        Pellegrino Marchiň                 (s.a.)
Oct 1843 - Oct 1847        Nicolao Giorgini                   (s.a.)

French Governors 
 2 Feb 1797 - 1798         Sextius Alexandre François         (b. 1759 - d. 1828)
                             de Miollis (1st time)
1798 - 28 Jul 1799         François Philippe de Foissac-Latour(b. 1750 - d. 1804)
 8 Jul 1800 - 15 Sep 1800  Gabriel Joseph Clément             (b. 1766 - d. 1812)
Nov 1801 - 1803            Joseph Marie de Casabianca         (b. 1742 - d. 1803)
15 Sep 1800 -  9 Oct 1800  Annibale Sommariva                 (b. 1755 - d. 1829)
                             (Austrian commander)
Executive Commissioners

 7 Nov 1801 -  9 Apr 1802  Antoine Christophe Saliceti        (b. 1750 - d. 1809)  
Dec 1802 - Aug 1803        Henri Jacques Guillaume Clarke     (b. 1765 - d. 1818)
French Plenipotentiaries
Aug 1803 - Aug 1806        Claude Joseph Parfait Derville-    (b. 1774 - d. 1842)
                             Malechard
24 Aug 1806 - Apr 1809     Joseph Eschassériaux               (b. 1753 - d. 1823)
Prefect of Lucca
10 Mar 1809 - 1814         Antoine Marie Pierre d'Hautmesnil

Austrian Minister Resident
1817 - 1820                ....
1820 - 1848                the ministers plenipotentiary in Tuscany

  ąfull style 1805 - 1814: per la grazia di Dio, e per le Costituzioni, Principe di Lucca, e di Piombino ("by the grace of God, and the Constitutions, Prince of Lucca, and of Piombino").


Lugano: see under Swiss Territories

Malta (and Gozo): see separate entry for Malta

Mantua

[Duchy of Mantua 1433-1708
                          (Mantova, Italy)]
1433 - 30 Jun 1708
Map of Mantua
Capital: Mantua
(Mantova)

Currency: 1665-1802 Italian States Lira (Tallero) (XITL)   Population: 218,000
(1790)


1005 - c.1115              Part of Tuscany.
c.1115                     Mantua a free commune.
16 Aug 1328 - 30 Jun 1708  Under the Gonzaga dynasty.
22 Sep 1433                Marquisate of Mantua (Marchesato di Mantova).
 8 Apr 1530                Duchy of Mantua (Ducato di Mantova).
 
6 Apr 1631 - 1707         Becomes a vassal of Austria by Treaty of Cherasco.
21 Jan 1707 -  2 Apr 1707  French occupation.
 
2 Apr 1707                Austrian occupation.
30 Jun 1708                Diet of Regensburg declares Duke Ferdinando Carlo has fallen.
 
5 Jul 1708                Death of Ferdinando Carlo, extinction of the local Gonzaga dynasty.
18 Feb 1737
                Merged with Milanesato (Duchy of Milan) to form Lombardia Austriaca
                            
(see Lombardy).
19 Mar 1745                Incorporated into Milan (see
Lombardy), subordinated local
                             administration for the Duchy of Mantua continues to 1775
                             (restored 1791-1797).

Lords and Captains-general (title Singore e Capitano generale)
16 Aug 1328 - 18 Jan 1360  Ludovico I Gonzaga (Luigi I)       (b. 1268 - d. 1360)
                             (formally elected 28 Aug 1328)
18 Jan 1360 - 22 Sep 1369  Guido Gonzaga                      (b. 1290 - d. 1369)
                             (formally elected 21 Feb 1360)
22 Sep 1369 -  4 Oct 1382  Ludovico II Gonzaga (Luigi II)     (b. 1334 - d. 1382)
                             (formally elected 30 Mar 1370)
 4 Oct 1382 -  8 Mar 1407  Francesco I Gonzaga                (b. 1366 - d. 1407)
                             (formally elected 5 Oct 1388)
20 Mar 1407 - 22 Sep 1433  Gianfrancesco Gonzaga              (b. 1394 - d. 1444)
20 Mar 1407 - 13 Sep 1429  Carlo Malatesta -Regent            (b. 1368 - d. 1429)
Marquesses
(title Marchese di Mantova)
22 Sep 1433 - 23 Sep 1444  Gianfrancesco                      (s.a.)
23 Sep 1444 - 12 Jun 1478  Ludovico III (Luigi III)"il Turco" (b. 1412 - d. 1478)
12 Jun 1478 - 15 Jun 1484  Federico I                         (b. 1441 - d. 1484)
15 Jun 1484 - 29 Mar 1519  Francesco II                       (b. 1466 - d. 1519)
29 Mar 1519 -  8 Apr 1530  Federico II                        (b. 1500 - d. 1540) 
Dukes (title Duca di Mantova; from 23 Jan 1575, Duca di Mantova e di Monferrato)
 8 Apr 1530 - 28 Aug 1540  Federico II                        (s.a.) 
28 Aug 1540 - 22 Feb 1550  Francesco III                      (b. 1533 - d. 1550)
28 Aug 1540 - 22 Feb 1550  Regency
                           - Margherita, marchesa del
        (b. 1510 - d. 1566)
                               Monferrato (f)(1st time)   
                           - Ercole Cardinale Gonzaga         (b. 1505 - d. 1563)
                              (1st time)    
22 Feb 1550 - 14 Aug 1587  Guglielmo                          (b. 1538 - d. 1587)

22 Feb 1550 - 23 Apr 1556  Regency
                           - Margherita, marchesa del
        (s.a.)
                               Monferrato (f)(2nd time)   
                           -
Ercole Cardinale Gonzaga         (s.a.)
                              (2nd time)  

14 Aug 1587 -  9 Feb 1612  Vincenzo I                         (b. 1562 - d. 1612)

 9 Feb 1612 - 22 Dec 1612  Francesco IV                       (b. 1586 - d. 1612)
22 Dec 1612 - 29 Oct 1626  Ferdinando                         (b. 1587 - d. 1626)
29 Oct 1626 - 25 Dec 1627  Vincenzo II                        (b. 1594 - d. 1627)
25 Dec 1627 - 20 Sep 1637  Carlo I                            (b. 1580 - d. 1637)
20 Sep 1637 - 14 Aug 1655  Carlo II                           (b. 1629 - d. 1665)
20 Sep 1637 - 30 Oct 1647  Maria Gonzaga (f) -Regent          (b. 1609 - d. 1660)
14 Aug 1655 - 30 Jun 1708  Ferdinando Carlo (Carlo III)       (b. 1625 - d. 1708)
                             (left Mantua
21 Jan 1707)
14 Aug 1655 - 30 Aug 1669  Isabella Clara, arciduchessa       (b. 1629 - d. 1685)
                             d'Austria (f) -Regent
 9 Sep 1702 - 19 Nov 1703  Anna Isabella Gonzaga (f) -Regent  (b. 1655 - d. 1703)
19 Nov 1703 - Jan 1705     Supreme Council of Regency
                          
- Alfonso, marchese Amorotto
                           - Gianfrancesco, marchese Nerli
                           - Carlo Maria, conte Vialardi
                           - Cesare, conte Ardizzoni          (d. 1725)
                           - Antonio, marchese Aldegati
                           - Girolamo, conte Cocconati
                           - Giuseppe Maria, conte Chieppio
                           - Carlo Baccanelii
                           - Girolamo, marchese Magni
                               (from 170.)
Jan 1705 -  2 Apr 1707     Council of State
                           - Ascanio, marchese Andreasi
                           - Gianfrancesco, marchese Nerli
                           - Antonio, marchese Aldegati
                           - Girolamo, marchese Magni
                           - Carlo Maria, conte Vialardi
                           - Cesare, conte Ardizzoni          (s.a.)
                           - Giuseppe Maria, conte Chieppio
                           - Francesco Negrisoli
 2 Apr 1707 -  2 Feb 1797 
the dukes of Milan

Administrators

21 Jan 1707 -  2 Apr 1707  Charles-Henri de Lorraine, Prince 
(b. 1649 - d. 1723)
                             de Vaudémont (French governor)
 2 Apr 1707 - 1707         Johann Adam von Wetzel             (b. c.1660 - d. 1720)
                             (Imperial commander)
Jun 1707 -  7 Dec 1707     Council of Government
                           - Ottaviano,
marchese Cavriani
                           - Carlo Maria, conte Vialardi
                           - Bartolomeo Barutti
                           - Gianfrancesco Pulicani
                           - Alessandro Nonio
                           - Ferdinando Sordi
                           - Giuseppe Andreasi
 7 Dec 1707 -  9 Sep 1713 
Giovanbattista, conte di           (b. 1657 - d. 1713)
                            
Castelbarco
                           
(administrator and plenipotentiary)
29 Dec 1713 - 1735         Philipp Landgraf von Hessen-       (b. 1671 - d. 1736)

                             Darmstadt
25 Feb 1735 -  8 Apr 1737  Carlo Francesco, conte Stampa     
(b. 1685 - d. 1755)
Vice-governors of
Lombardia Austriaca for Mantua
15 Apr 1737 - 1738         Junta
                           - Luigi Cocastelli
                           - Georg Leonhard Freiherr von      (d. 1761)
                               Stentsch
                           - Odoardo, marchese Valenti        (b. 1682 - d. 1743)
                           - Lodovico Nonio
                           - Antonio Zanetti
                           - Antonio, marchese Cavriani
                           - Melchior Ernst von Risenfeldt
 5 Feb 1738 -  5 Jun 1742  Luigi, conte Cocastelli
Jun 1742 - Sep 1742        Otto Anton von Walsegg (acting)    (d. 1743)
29 Sep 1742 - 1743         Giovanni Luca Pallavicino          (b. 1697 - d. 1773)
Mar 1743 - 19 Mar 1745     Carlo,
barone Cavalieri
13 Dec 1746 - Jun 1749     Giuseppe Arconati Fabiani          (b. 1686 - d. 1761)
 3 Apr 1750 - Jul 1750     Ippolito Lanzoni (acting)
                             (presidente congregazione civica di reggenza)
Chairmen of the
Vice-government Junta
28 Jul 1750 Apr 1760       Leone, conte De Peyri              (d. 1760)
Apr 1760 - 1763            Paolo della Silva y Rido           (b. 1691 - d. 1789)
1763 - 1772                Gaetano, conte Pierlongo
1772 - 30 Dec 1775         Giorgio Carlo, barone Watters
President of Regia Giunta di Governo
Feb 1791 - Feb 1797        Antonio de Capitani d'Arzago



Massa and Carrara
 
[Massa and
                          Carrara, c.1670/84-1741 (Italy)]
c.1670/84 - c.1741
 
[Massa and
                          Carrara, 1741-1790 (Italy)]
c.1741 - 25 Dec 1790
 
[Massa and
                          Carrara, 1790-96, 1814-1829 (Italy)]
25 Dec 1790 - 30 Jun 1796;
4 May 1814 - 14 Nov 1829
[France]
30 Mar 1806 - May 1814
 
[Massa and
                          Carrara, 1829-1859 (Italy)]
14 Nov 1829 - 25 Mar 1848;
10 Aug 1848 - 11 Jun 1859
[Italy]
25 Mar 1848 - May 1848


Map of Massa & Carrara
Capitals: Massa & Carrara
 Population: 29,000 (1826),
21,000 (1788)

1313                       Carrara part of Pisa.
 1 Jul 1316 -  2 Jul 1342  Massa commune part of Lucca.
21 Jun 1335 - Oct 1404     Carrara is taken by Verona.
 2 Jul 1342 -  9 Oct 1406  Massa, along with Lucca, part of Pisa.
29 Sep 1404 - 12 Aug 1448  Carrara acquired by Lucca.
 9 Oct 1406 -  8 Dec 1442  Massa, along with Pisa, ceded to Florence.
28 Sep 1430                Carrara sold to Genoa (not effected).
26 Apr 1433                Massa, then under Florence, is recognized as an imperial
                             vassal by the Duchy of Milan.
 8 Dec 1442                Lordship of Massa (Signoria di Massa) under the Malaspina marquesses).
12 Aug 1448                Lordship of Carrara (Signoria di Carrara) given to Spinetta
                             Fregoso of Genoa.

22 Feb 1473                Carrara sold to Massa.
22 Feb 1473                Marquisate of Massa and Lordship of Carrara
                             (Marchesato di Massa e Signoria di Carrara).

23 Aug 1568                Principality of Massa and Marquisate of Carrara
                             (Principato di Massa e Marchesato di Carrara).

 5 May 1664                Duchy of Massa and Principality of Carrara (Ducato di Massa
                            
e Principato di Carrara).
30 Jun 1796                French occupation.
19 May 1797 -  9 Jul 1797  Part of Cispadane Republic (see Modena).
 9 Jul 1797 -  1 May 1806  Part of Cisalpine/Italian Republic/Kingdom of Italy
                             (see under Lombardy)(part of department of Crostolo).
28 Jul 1799 - 20 Jul 1800  Massa and Carrara fought over between France and the Austrian
                             anti-French coalition under Theophil Joseph von Zechmeister
                             (b. 1765 - d. 1819).

 
1 May 1806 -  4 May 1814  Massa, Carrara, and Garfagnana made dependencies of the Principality 
                             of Lucca (under French rule to 18 Mar 1814).
18 Mar 1814 - 26 Apr 1814  Occupied by Naples.
26 Apr 1814 -  6 May 1816  Occupied by Austria.
29 Apr 1814                Provisional Government Delegation of the States of Massa and Carrara
                             (Delegazione Governativa Provvisoria degli Stati di Massa e Carrara)
                             established by Austrian forces.
 
4 May 1814                Duchy of Massa and Principality of Carrara (restored).
14 Nov 1829 - 11 Jun 1859  Massa and Carrara inherited by Modena (personal union with Modena).
 
1 Apr 1840                Lunigiana attached to the government of Massa and Carrara.
22 Mar 1848                Provisional Government of Massa and Carrara proclaimed.
25 Mar 1848                Tuscany occupies Massa (and Carrara on 26 Mar 1848) under
Baldini.
12 May 1848 -  1 Apr 1849  Briefly annexed to Tuscany.
27-28 Apr 1848             Representatives of the Duke of Modena withdraw from Massa and Carrara.
28 Apr 1859                Duke and Prince is deposed.
20 May 1859               
Administered by Sardinia-Piedmont (except Fivizzano, which
                             Modena evacuates on 22 May 1859
).

20 Jun 1859                Incorporated into Parma.
20 Aug 1859                Annexed to Sardinia-Piedmont.

18 Mar 1861                Part of the Kingdom of Italy. 

Lords of Carrara (title Signore di Carrara)
12 Aug 1448 - Aug 1467     Spinetta di Spinetta Fregoso         (b. c.1405 - d. 1467)  
Aug 1467 - 22 Feb 1473     Antoniotto Fileremo Fregoso          (b. c.1460 - d. 1532)
Aug 1467 - 22 Feb 1473     Francesco Simonetta -Regent          (b. 1410 - d. 1480)
Lords of Massa
(title Marchese e Signore di Massa)
 8 Dec 1442 -  9 Apr 1445  Antonio Oberico I Malaspina,         (b. 139. - d. 1445)
                            
marchese di Fosdinovo
 9 Apr
1445 – 22 Feb 1473  Giacomo                              (b. 142. - d. 1481)
Marquesses of Massa and Lords of Carrara
(title Marchese di Massa e Signore di Carrara)
22 Feb 1473 – 18 May 1481  Giacomo                              (s.a.)
18 May 1481 – 13 Apr 1519  Alberico                             (b. 145. - d. 1519) 
13 Apr 1519 – 20 Sep 1546  Ricciarda (f) (1st time)             (b. 1497 – d. 1553)
28 Mar 1530 - 26 Sep 1541  Lorenzo Cybo -Co-ruler               (b. 1500 - d. 1549)
20 Sep 1546 – 20 Mar 1547  Giulio I Cybo                        (b. 1525 – d. 1548)
20 Mar 1547 - 27 Jun 1547  Innocenzo di Francesco Cardinale     (b. 1491 - d. 1550)
                             Cybo
(acting)
27 Jun 1547 – 15 Jun 1553  Ricciarda (f) (2nd time)             (s.a.)
15 Jun 1553 – 23 Aug 1568  Alberico I                           (b. 1539 - d. 1623)
Princes and Marquesses
(title Principe di Massa e Marchese di Carrara)
23 Aug 1568 - 18 Jan 1623  Alberico I                           (s.a.)
18 Jan 1623 – 13 Feb 1662  Carlo I                              (b. 1581 – d. 1662)
13 Feb 1662 –  5 May 1664  Alberico II                          (b. 1607 – d. 1690)
Dukes and Princes 
(title Duca di Massa e Principe di Carrara)
 
5 May 1664 - 29 Jan 1690  Alberico II                          (s.a.)
29 Jan 1690 -  7 Dec 1710  Carlo II                             (b. 1631 - d. 1710)
 7 Dec 1710 - 20 Nov 1715  Alberico III                         (b. 1674 - d. 1715)
20 Nov 1715 - 18 Aug 1731  Alderano                             (b. 1690 - d. 1731)
Duchesses and Princesses (title Duchessa di Massa e Principessa di Carrara)
18 Aug 1731 - 25 Dec 1790  Maria Teresa                         (b. 1725 - d. 1790)
18 Aug 1731 - 23 Jun 1744  Ricciarda Gonzaga di                 (b. 1698 - d. 1768)
                            
Novellara (f) -Regent
2
5 Dec 1790 - 30 Jun 1796  Maria Beatrice Ricciarda (1st time)  (b. 1750 - d. 1829)
26 Dec 1790 - 30 Jun 1796  Regency
                           - Paolo Agostino Ceccopieri
                           - Alderano Testoni
                           - Giuseppe Petrozzani
                           - Lorenzo Guerra
30 Jun 1796 - 19 May 1797 
French occupation
30 Jun 1796 - 19 May 1797  Regency (continued)
                           - Paolo Agostino Ceccopieri
                           - Alderano Testoni (to Jul 1796)
                           - Giuseppe Petrozzani (to Jul 1796)
                           - Lorenzo Guerra
19 May 1797 -  1 May 1806 
incorporated into Cisalpine/Italian Republic
28 Jul 1799 - 20 Jul 1800  Imperial and Royal Provisional Regency (in opposition)
                         
(Imperiale e reale Provvisoria Reggenza di Massa Carrara)
                           - Paolo Agostino Ceccopieri
                           - Giuseppe Petrozzani
                           - A. Colombini
 
1 May 1806 -  4 May 1814  incorporated into Lucca
(Nominal) Duke of Massa (title Duc de Massa di Carrara)
15 Aug 1809 - 20 Nov 1813  Claude-Ambroise, comte Régnier       (b. 1746 - d. 1814)
Government Delegate of Provisional Government Delegation of the States of Massa and Carrara
29 Apr 1814 -  9 Jun 1815  Pietro, conte Ceccopieri
                             (arrived 4 May 1814; continues to Dec 1815)
Duchess and Princess
(title Duchessa di Massa e Principessa di Carrara)
 
4 May 1814 - 14 Nov 1829  Maria Beatrice Ricciarda (2nd time)  (s.a.)
Dukes and Princes (title Duca di Massa e Principe di Carrara)
14 Nov 1829 - 26 Mar 1848  the Dukes of Modena
President of the Provisional Government
26 Mar 1848 - May 1848    
Carlo Carli
Commissioners of the Government Delegation of the Province of Massa and Carrara
and the Tuscan Government

20 May 1848 - 1848         Raffaele Cocchi
1848 -  1 Apr 1849         Andrea, conte Del Medico Staffetti   (b. 1810 - d. 1887)
Dukes and Princes
(title Duca di Massa e Principe di Carrara)
 1 Apr 1849 - 28 Apr 1859 
the Duke of Modena
Sardinian Provisional Commissioners
27/28 Apr 1859-20 May 1859 Vincenzo Giusti (in Massa)
                             (from 27 Apr 1859, extraordinary commissioner)
                           + Enrico Brizzolari (in Carrara)     (b. 1820 - d. ....)
                             (from 28 Apr 1859, royal commissioner)

Sardinian Commissioner Extraordinary
(in Genoa)
20 May 1859 - 20 Aug 1859  Alessandro Gustavo Giorgio Filippo   (b. 1810 - d. 1876)
                             Maria Ponza, conte di San Martino

Sardinian Sub-Commissioner Extraordinary
(subordinate to Ponza; in Massa & Carrara)
20 May 1859 - 20 Aug 1859  Giuseppe Campi-Bazan                 (b. 1817 - d. 1885)

Governors (chief ministers)
Aug 1814 - af.1833         Giuseppe Petrozzani
1836 - 1840                Torello, conte Salinguerra           (b. 1774 - d. 1840)
1840                       Giuseppe, conte Forni                (b. 1807 - d. 1887)
1840 - 1846                Nicolň, conte Bayard De Volo         (b. 1772 - d. 1855)
1846 - 1859                Luigi, conte Giacobazzi              (b. 1806 - d. 1893)



Masserano and Crevacuore
 
[Masserano,
                          c.1614-1700 (Italy)]
c.1614 - 1701
[Masserano,
                          1701-1767 (Italy)]
1701 - 20 Mar 1767
Map of Masserano
Capital: Masserano
 Population: 5,000 (1760, Masserano), 4,000 (1760, Crevacuore)

29 May 1394                Masserano and Crevacuore granted to Antonio Fieschi by
                             Papal investiture.

1506                       Elevated to a county by the Pope (County of Masserano
                             and County Crevacuore)(Contea di Masserano e Contea di Crevacuore).
 5 Aug 1547                Masserano elevated to a marquisate by the Pope (Marquisate of
                            
Masserano and County Crevacuore)(Marchesato di Masserano e Contea
                             di Crevacuore
).

13 Aug 1598                Masserano made a principality and Crevacuore made a marquisate by
                             the Pope (Principality of Masserano and Marquisate of Crevacuore)

                             (Principato di Masserano e Marchesato di Crevacuore), it was
                             not considered a fief of the Holy Roman Emperor.
16 Dec 1616 -  9 Apr 1618  Occupied by Savoy-Piedmont.
20 Mar 1767                Ceded to
Sardinia-Piedmont (with the Ferrero-Fieschi family
                            
retaining style and privileges).

Lords (title Signore di Masserano e Crevacuore)
29 May 1394 - 1412         Antonio Fieschi                    (b. 13.. - d. 1412)
1412 -  3 Apr 1423         Ludovico I Cardinale Fieschi       (b. c.1350 - d. 1423)
 3 Apr 1423 - 1492         Innocenzo Fieschi                  (d. 1492)
1492 - 1506                Ludovico II Fieschi (Pier Luca)    (d. 1531)
Counts
(title Conte di Masserano e Crevacuore)
1506 -  3 May 1531         Ludovico II                        (s.a.)
 3 May 1531 -  5 Aug 1547  Filiberto Ferrero                  (b. 1504 - d. 1559)
Marquesses and Counts (title Marchese di Masserano e Conte di Crevacuore)
 5 Aug 1547 -  6 Oct 1584  Besso                              (b. 1528 - d. 1584)
 6 Oct 1584 - 13 Aug 1598  Francesco Filiberto                (b. 1576 - d. 1629)
 
6 Oct 1584 - 1593         Claudia di Savoia (f) -Regent      (b. 15.. - d. 1617)
Princes and Marquesses
(title Principe di Masserano e Marchese di Crevacuore)
13 Aug 1598 - 15 Sep 1629  Francesco Filiberto                (s.a.)
                             (in exile from Jul 1624)
Dec 1616 -  9 Apr 1618     Maurizio
Cardinale di Savoia       (b. 1593 - d. 1657)
                             (Sardinian administrator)
15 Sep 1629 -  2 Jan 1667  Paolo Besso                        (b. 1608 - d. 1667)

 2 Jan 1667 -  8 Jun 1685  Francesco Ludovico                 (b. 1638 - d. 1685)
 8 Jun 1685 - 10 May 1720  Carlo Besso                        (b. 1663 - d. 1720)
10 May 1720 -  1 Oct 1743  Vittorio Amedeo                    (b. 1687 - d. 1743)
 1 Oct 1743 - 20 Mar 1767  Vittorio Filippo                   (b. 1713 - d. 1777)


Milan: see Lombardy

Mirandola and Concordia

 
Map of Mirandola
Capital: Mirandola
 Population: 8,000
(1700, Mirandola), 5,000 (1700, Concordia)

1311                       Lordship of Mirandola (Signoria di Mirandola).
27 Nov 1321 - 23 Dec 1354  Union with Mantua.
23 Dec 1354                Separated from the territory of Reggio and declared
                             immediately subject to the Emperor, under the Pico family.
18 Feb 1432                Lordship of Mirandola and County of Concordia
                             (Signoria di Mirandola e Contea di Concordia).

1548 - 1551                Occupied by France.
18 Oct 1596                Principality of Mirandola and County of Concordia
                             (Principato di Mirandola e Contea di Concordia). 

 
7 Nov 1602                Principality of Mirandola and Marquisate of Concordia
                             (Principato di Mirandola e Marchesato di Concordia).

1619                       Duchy of Mirandola
and Marquisate of Concordia
                             (Ducato di Mirandola e Marchesato di Concordia). 

 
4 Jul 1708 - 1711         Imperial administration.
 3 Apr 1711                Acquired by Duke of Modena.
31 Aug 1735 - 22 Jul 1742  Spanish occupation.
22 Jul 1742 - 1748         Austro-Sardinian occupation.
18 Oct 1748                Restored to Modena.

Lords (title Signore di Mirandola)
1311 - 27 Nov 1321         Francesco I Pico                     (b. c.1272 - d. 1321)
27 Nov 1321 - 23 Dec 1354  the rulers of Mantua
23 Dec 1354 - 1399         Francesco II
Pico                    (d. 1399)
1399 - 18 Feb 1432         Francesco III Pico                   (b. 138. - d. 1458)
                           - jointly with the following two -
1399 - 1429                Ajace Pico                           (d. 1429)
1399 - 18 Feb 1432         Giovanni I Pico                      (b. 138. - d. 1451)     
Lords and Counts
(title Signore di Mirandola e Conte di Concordia)
18 Feb 1432 - Sep 1457     Francesco III                     &n