Greece
 

to 24 Jan 1822 25 Mar 1821 - 27 Mar 1822 (provisional) 5 Mar 1821 - Jan 1822 Greek guerrillas 27 Mar 1822 - 1924   Co-National Flag: 1832 - 16 Mar 1924; 10 Oct 1935 - 6 Apr 1941; 13 Oct 1944 - 18 Aug 1970 1924  - 18 Aug 1970   18 Aug 1970 - 7 Jun 1975 7 Jun 1975 - 22 Dec 1978 Re-adopted 22 Dec 1978 Map of Greece ------------------------------- Administrative divisions map Hear National Anthem "Ýmnos eis tin Eleftherían" (Hymn to Freedom)  Text of National Anthem Adopted 1865 Constitution (11 Jun 1975) ----------------------------------- Former Constitutions (1822, 1823, 1827, 1844, 1864, 1911, 1968, 1973) Capital: Athens (Athína) (Nauplion [Náfplio] 1822 - 13 Dec 1834) Currency: Euro (EUR); 1833-1 Jan 2002 Drachma (GRD); 1944-1954 Greek New Drachma (GRN); 1868-1885 Union Latine Drachma (XULD); 1833-1944 Greek Silver Drachma (GRS); 1828-1833 Greek Phoenix (GRP);  National Holiday: 25 Mar (1821) 25 Martíou (Ethnikí Eortí) (25th of March [National Day]) Population: 10,461,091 (2024)  8,388,553 (1961) 5,536,375 (1920) 2,187,208 (1889) 753,400 (1828) GDP: $375.8 billion (2023) Exports: $106.6 billion (2023) Imports: $117.9 billion (2023)  Ethnic groups: Greek 91.6%, Albanian 4.4%, other 4% (2011) note: data represents citizenship; Greece does not collect data on ethnicity. Total Active Armed Forces: 142,700 (2021) U.S. Forces: 368 (2023) Merchant marine: 1,215 ships (2023) Religions: Greek Orthodox (official) 81-90%, Muslim 2%, other 3%, none 4-15%, unspecified 1% (2015) International Organizations/Treaties: AG, AIIB (nonregional), AL (observer), ANT, APM, BIS, BSEC, BTWC, CD, CE, CERN, CFE, CPLP (associate observer), CTBT, CWC, DC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ENMOD, ESA, ESCR, EU, Euratom, Eutelsat, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partner), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MTCR, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NPT, NSG, NTBT, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OS, OSCE, OST, PA (observer), PAM, PCA, SECP, SELEC, SICA (observer), UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNWTO, UPU, WA, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Greece Index Chronology c.3000 BC - c.1200 BC      Minoan civilization on the island of Crete and other                              Aegean Islands. c.1610 BC                  "Minoan eruption" a massive super volcanic eruption                              on island of Thíra (later named Kallísti, Strongýli                              and Santoríni) in the Aegean Sea.   c.1400 BC - c.1100 BC      Mycenaean civilization. c.1260 BC – c.1180 BC      Modern dating of the period of the Trojan War                              between the Mycenaean Greeks and Troy (Wílion/                              Wilusa/Ílios/Troía). c.900 BC                   Athens founded, as one of many independent city-                              states. 7th cent. BC               Legendary founding of Macedon (Μakedonía) kingdom. 776 BC                     Traditional date for first historic Olympic Games,                              held at Olympia (Olýmpia). 594/93 BC                  Solon (Sólon) the archon of Athens. c.550 BC - 366 BC          Peloponnesian League, a loose confederation of                              Greek city-states dominated by Sparta. Aug/Sep 490 BC             Battle of Marathon (Marathón), Athens defeats                              the Persians. Aug/Sep 480 BC             Battle of Thermopylae (Thermopýlai), Persians                              defeat the Greeks. 27 Sep 480 BC              Persians capture and burn Athens. 478 BC - 404 BC            Delian League (First Athenian League), alliance of                              Greek city-states led by Athens formed to continue                              fighting the Persian Empire. 461 BC - 429 BC            Pericles (Periklís) the ruler of Athens. 460 BC - 445 BC            First Peloponnesian War between Sparta as the                              leaders of the Peloponnesian League and Sparta's                              other allies, most notably Thebes, and the Delian                              League led by Athens with support from Argos. 431 BC - 404 BC            Second Peloponnesian War between the Delian                              League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian                              League led by Sparta. 378 BC - 355 BC            (Second) Athenian League, a coalition of Greek                              city-states led by Athens formed to oppose Sparta.  2 Aug 338 BC              Battle of Chaeronea (Chairóneia), Phillip II of                              Macedonia defeats Athens and Thebes. 338 BC - 197 BC            Greece subjugated by Macedonia (Μakedonía)(under                              Alexander III "the Great" [Aléxandros ho Mégas] 336                              BC - Jun 323 BC). 338 BC - 322 BC            Hellenic League (League of Corinth), a federation                              of Greek states under Macedonia. 290 BC – 189 BC            League of the Aetolians, confederation of Greek                              city-states in Aetolia in opposition to Macedonia                              and the Achaean League. 280 BC – 146 BC            League of the Achaeans (Achaean League), formed as                              a confederation of Greek city-states in Achaea as                              a rival of Antigonid Macedonia and ally of Rome. 22 Jun 168 BC              Last Antigonid dynasty ruler, Perseus (Perseús), is                              defeated by the Romans at the Battle of Pydna.                              Macedon (Macedonian) kingdom is dissolved, and                              replaced with four republics, a Roman protectorate. 146 BC                     Romans defeat the Achaean League, destroying the                              city-state of Corinth (Kórinthos). 146 BC - 27 BC             Part of Roman Republic (as Provincia Macedoniae). 87 BC -  1 Mar 86 BC       Romans led by Sulla sack Athens (and Piraeus) which                              had allied itself with the Kingdom of Pontus.  2 Sep 31                  Gaius Octavianus (Octavian) of Rome defeats the                              combined forces of Marcus Antonius (Marc Antony)                              and Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt at the Battle of                              Actium (Áktion) off Actium, Greece. 27 BC                      Part of the Roman Empire (Provincia Achaea                              separated from the Provincia Macedoniae).  1 Mar 86 BC               Sack of Athens (following the siege of Athens and                              Piraeus, Fall 87 - 1 Mar 86 BC) by Lucius                              Cornelius Sulla Felix during the First Mithridatic                              War. 267 AD                     Sack of Athens, Corinth, and Sparta carried out by                              the Heruli, a Germanic tribe. 11 May 330 AD              Emperor Constantine moves the capital of the Roman                              Empire to Constantinople (Konstantinoúpolis),                              formerly named Byzantium (Byzántion), officially                              called New Rome (Nova Roma [Néa Rómi]). 393 AD                     Last ancient Olympic Games take place. 17 Jan 395                 Divided de jure into the Eastern Roman (Byzantine)                              Empire (Constantinople) and Western Roman Empire                              (Rome).  4 Sep 476                 Last Emperor in the West is deposed by barbarians. 680 - 893                  Bulgaria expands into Byzantine Empire lands of                                Dobruja, Moesia (Moisía), Macedonia, and Thrace. 1018 - 1185                Byzantine Empire annexes Bulgaria. 1185 - 1204                (Second) Bulgarian Empire re-occupies Moesia and                              most of Thrace and Macedonia from the Byzantines. 13 Apr 1204                Latin Crusaders sack Constantinople. 16 May 1204 - 15 Aug 1261  Part of Latin Empire (Empire of Romania). Eastern                              Roman (Byzantine) Empire overthrown by Crusaders. 1205 - Jun 1458            (Latin) Duchy of Athens (in Attica). 1205 - Jan 1430            (Latin) Principality of Achaea (Achaia)(at                              Andravída). 1206 - 25 Dec 1261         Empire of Nicaea (at Níkaia)(largest of the three                              main Byzantine successor states [Nicaea (Níkaia),                              Epirus (Ípeiros), and Trebizond (Trapezoúnta)]).  6 Jan 1209 - Dec 1246     (Latin) Kingdom of Thessalonica (at Salonika). 24 Jul 1261                Empire of Nicaea under Mikhaíl VIII Palaiológos                              captures Constantinople from the Latins. 15 Aug 1261                Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire (restored). 25 Oct 1349 - 29 May 1460  Despotate of the Morea (Mystrás), an appanage of                              the Byzantine Empire. 1362                       Adrianople (Edirne) part of the Ottoman Empire.  9 Apr 1387-Jan/Feb 1403   Thessalonica (Saloníki) part of Ottoman Empire. Sep 1423 - 29 May 1430     Venetian occupation of Thessalonica. 29 Mar 1430                Thessalonica reconquered by the Ottomans. 29 May 1453                Constantinople captured by the Ottoman Empire, end                               of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire.  4 Jun 1456                Athens captured by the Ottomans (the Acropolis is                              finally occupied in Jun 1458). 29 May 1460                Despotate of the Morea captured by the Ottomans. 1460/1470                  Achaea, the Peloponnese, and Euboea part of                               the Ottoman Empire (as part of Rumelia Eyalet).  1533                       Attica, Aetolia-Acarnania, Boeotia, Euboea, coastal                              Anatolia and nearly all of the Ottoman islands of                              Eastern Mediterranean (except Crete) separated as                              Eyalet of Djeza'ir-i Bahr-i Sefid ("Islands of                              the White Sea").  7 Oct 1571                Battle of Lepanto, Ottomans are defeated by the Holy                              League (the Papal State, Habsburg Spain and                              Naples, Genoa, Knights of Malta, Parma, Savoy,                              Tuscany, Urbino, and Venice) off Patras, Greece. 1661                       Peloponnese separated from Rumelia (see Bulgaria)                              as Eyalet of Morea (Eyālet-i Mōra). 27 Sep 1669                Crete captured from Venice by the Ottoman Empire.  7 Aug 1687 - 20 Jul 1715  Morea (Peloponnese) and adjacent islands occupied                              by the Republic of Venice as the Kingdom of Morea                              (Regno della Morea).  9 Mar 1770 - Jun 1770     Greek revolutionary governments in Laconia                              (Mystrás) and Crete under Russian protection. Oct 1770 -  3 Jun 1775     Russian occupation of Naxos and Cyclades Islands. 23 Mar 1821                Beginning of the Greek War of Independence (the                              Battle of Kalamáta). 23 Mar 1821 - 1822         Parts of Greece controlled by many insurrectionary                              revolutionary administrations. 29 Mar 1821                Revolution launched in Mani (Máni) by "Petrobey",                              Turkish forces soon limited to nine fortresses,                              Greeks controlling countryside (17 Mar 1821 OS).  7 Jun 1821                Peloponnesian Senate established in revolt for the                              whole Peloponnese (Pelopónnisos)(26 May 1821 OS).  5 Oct 1821                Greeks occupy Trabliçe (Tripolitsá [Trípoli]), the                              then provincial capital of Morea (23 Sep 1821 OS) 16 Nov 1821                Senate of Western Greece established, in revolt,                              for Western Greece. 29 Nov 1821                Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece is elected                              in revolt, for Continental Greece, then part of                              the Aegean (Aegaean) province.  1 Jan 1822                National Assembly convened, superseding the three                              regional bodies; on 13 Jan 1822 a provisional                              constitution adopted, (Provisional Government of                              Greece)(Prosorinón Polítevma tís Elládos)                              regional bodies abolished on 30 Apr 1823. 13 Jan 1822                Greece [Hellas [Ellás])(O.S. 1 Jan 1822), with Greek                              State (Hellenic State [Ellinikí Politeía])(O.S.                              date 1 Jan 1822) as additional and ultimately                              preferred form after 15 Apr 1827 (O.S. 3 Apr 1827). 27 Jan 1822                Independence of the Greek nation is proclaimed by a                              declaration of the National Assembly adopted at                              the session held in Epidaurus (O.S. 15 Jan 1822).   9 Jun 1822                Ottoman garrison surrenders the Acropolis in Athens. 15 Feb 1825                Egyptian intervention (requested by Ottoman Sultan). 24 May 1827                Ottomans recapture the Acropolis.  6 Jul 1827                British, French, and Russian intervention. 20 Oct 1827                Egyptian fleet destroyed in battle by U.K., French,                              Russian intervention, ending Egypt intervention. 29 Aug 1828 - 26 Sep 1833  French occupation force in the Morea. 16 Nov 1828                Greece to be autonomous within Ottoman Empire (by                              U.K.-France-Russia protocol); 22 Mar 1829 amended                              (territory extended). 12 Sep 1829                Ottomans defeated at Petra (Pétra) in the final                              battle in the Greek War of Independence (Ottoman                              garrison leaves the Acropolis 31 Mar 1833).  3 Feb 1830                International recognition of independence of Greece                              (by France, U.K. and Russia by London Protocol);                              encompassing the Morea (Peloponnese), Continental                              Greece and the Cyclades Islands.  6 Feb 1833                Kingdom of Greece (Vasíleion tis Elládos)(monarchy                              instituted). 26 May 1854 - 28 Feb 1857  Piraeus (Pireás) occupied by Anglo-French forces to                              enforce Greek neutrality during the Crimean War.  1 Jun 1864                Ionian Islands incorporated into Greece.  2 Jul 1881                Thessaly incorporated into Greece. 30 May 1913                Crete incorporated into Greece. 10 Aug 1913                Macedonia (Salonika) and Epirus incorporated into                              Greece. 13 Feb 1914                Most Aegean Islands (except Rhodes and Dodecanese)                              incorporated into Greece. 15 May 1919 -  8 Sep 1922  Greece occupies Smyrna (see under Turkey) and                              surrounding areas and most of Eastern Thrace. 23 May 1920                Western Thrace incorporated into Greece. 10 Aug 1920                Eastern Thrace, except Constantinople, incorporated                              into Greece. 1922 - 1923                Population exchanges between Greece and Turkey. 28 Sep 1922                Eastern Thrace restored to Turkey.  1 Mar 1923                Greece adopts the New Style (Gregorian) Calendar                               (on 15 Feb 1923 O.S., becoming 1 Mar 1923 N.S.) 31 Aug 1923 - 17 Sep 1923  Corfu occupied by Italy during "Corfu Incident." 14 Mar 1924                All references to the monarchy, including the name                              of the polity, in official documents replaced by                              Greek State (Hellenic State)(Ellinikí Politeía). 25 Mar 1924                Monarchy formally abolished. 24 May 1924                Greek Republic (Hellenic Republic)(Ellinikí                              Dimokratía). 10 Oct 1935                Kingdom of Greece (Vasíleion tis Elládos)(restored).  6 Apr 1941 - 12 Oct 1944  Italian - German occupation (completed 30 Apr                              1941); from 29 Apr 1941, Greek State (Hellenic                              State)(Ellinikí Politeía). 20 Apr 1941 - 15 Oct 1944  Western Thrace, Samothrace, and Thasos islands                              occupied by Bulgaria.  8 Sep 1943                Germans occupy Italian controlled areas.  2 Sep 1944                Germans begin withdrawal from Aegean islands. 13 Oct 1944                Kingdom of Greece (Vasíleion tis Elládos)(declared                              restored). 14 Oct 1944 - 31 Mar 1947  British occupation (final units leave 30 Apr 1952).  3 Nov 1944                Last German troops are withdrawn from Greece.  9 Jan 1948                Rhodes and Dodecanese Islands incorporated into                              Greece (retroactive to 28 Oct 1947). 24 Dec 1947 - 28 Aug 1949  Communist Party of Greece (KKE) declares                              Provisional Democratic Government in areas of                              northern Greece under its control.  1 Jun 1973                Monarchy is abolished (ratified by plebiscite on                              29 Jul 1973).  1 Jun 1973                Greek Republic (Hellenic Republic)(Ellinikí                              Dimokratía).  8 Dec 1974                Return of king/monarchy refused by plebiscite                              69.2%-30.8% 30 Apr 1976                Demotic language (dimotikí glóssa) introduced in                              education.  1 Nov 1993                Part of European Union (1981-93 European Community). Regions (since 2011) Mount Athos Byzantine Empire (395-1453) Regional Insurrectionary Governments (1821-1822) Communist "Mountain" Governments (1944,1947-1949) Occupations (1941-1946) Morea (1661-1821) ---------------- Venetian Morea (1685-1715) ------------  Mani (1771-1821) Thessaly (1839-1867) Thessalonica (1839-1912) Epirus (1205-1479, 1670-1912) Western Thrace (1913-1920) Crete (1206-1913) Ionian Islands (1701-1864, 1941-1943) and Venetian Dependencies Dodecanese Islands (1209-1948) ------------------- Kastellorizo (1913-1922) Samos (1821-1913) Icaria (1912) Naxos and the Cyclades (1204-1566, 1770-1775) Hydra (1802-1832) Psara (1816-1822) Spetses (1800-1832) Orthodox Church of Greece Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople Historical Maps of Greece Map of Axis Occupation 1941-44

Note: Greek names are listed (some with notes) using a modified Hellenic Organization for Standardization (ELOT) 743 Romanization system. Dates for Greek records before 1822 are given according to Old Style (Julian) calendar, and after according to New Style (Gregorian) calendar. New Style was introduced in Greece effective 15 Feb/1 Mar 1923.

President of the Peloponnesian Senate (in Tripolitsá [Trípoli])
 7 Jun 1821 - 27 Jan 1822  Theodóritos Vasileíou Vresthénis   (b. 1787 - d. 1843)  Non-party
President of the Senate of Western Greece (in Mesolóngi)
21 Nov 1821 - 27 Jan 1822  Aléxandros Nikoláou Mavrokordátos  (b. 1791 - d. 1865)  Mod
President of the Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece (in Sálona [Ámfissa])
29 Nov 1821 - 27 Jan 1822  Theódoros Georgíou Négris          (b. 1790 - d. 1824)  Non-party

Presidents of the Executive

27 Jan 1822 -  7 May 1823  Aléxandros Nikoláou Mavrokordátos  (b. 1791 - d. 1865)  Mod

 8 May 1823 - 31 Dec 1823  Petrómpeis (Pétros) Ilíou          (b. 1765 - d. 1848)  Non-party

                             Mavromichális ("Petróbey")

31 Dec 1823 - 30 Apr 1826  Geórgios Andréa Kountouriótis      (b. 1782 - d. 1858)  Lib

                             (in dissidence to 18 Jan 1824)

President of the Administrative Committee of Greece

30 Apr 1826 - 14 Apr 1827  Andréas Asimákou Zaïmis            (b. 1791 - d. 1840)  Non-party

Governors of Greece

15 Apr 1827 - 24 Jan 1828  Governor-Lieutenancy Commission

                           - Geórgios Pétrou Mavromichális    (b. 1800 - d. 1831)  Non-party

                           - Ioánnis Nikoláou Nákos

                              "Iannoúlis"

                           - Ioánnis Markí Milaïtis           (b. 1784 - d. 1861)

                           (acting)

24 Jan 1828 -  9 Oct 1831  Ioánnis Antoníou Kapodístrias      (b. 1776 - d. 1831)  Con

                             (= conte Giovanni di Antonio Capo d'Istria)

Apr 1830 - May 1830        Ioánnis Ilíou Mavromichális        (b. 1792 - d. 1873)

                             (in rebellion, in Lakonía)
Jan 1831 - Jan 1831        Konstantínos Ilíou Mavromichális   (b. 1797 - d. 1831)  Mil
                             (in rebellion, in Lakonía)
1831                       Ilías "Katsákos" Ioánnou           (d. 1836)
                             Mavromichális (in rebellion)
President of the Administrative Committee of Greece
 9 Oct 1831 - 20 Dec 1831  Ioánnis María Avgoustínos Antoníou (b. 1778 - d. 1857)  Con
                             Kapodístrias
                           (= conte Giovanni Maria Agostino di Antonio Capo d'Istria)
President of the Greek Government
20 Dec 1831 - 27 Mar 1832  Ioánnis María Avgoustínos Antoníou (s.a.)               Con
                             Kapodístrias
Governor of Greece
27 Mar 1832 -  9 Apr 1832  Ioánnis María Avgoustínos Antoníou (s.a.)               Con
                             Kapodístrias

22 Dec 1831 - 14 Apr 1832  Administrative Committee of Greece

                           (in dissidence; originally based in

                            Árgos, then in Perachóra and Megára)

                           - Andréas Asimákou Zaïmis          (s.a.)               Non-party

                              (did not take office)

                           - Geórgios Andréa Kountouriótis    (s.a.)               Lib

                              (did not take office)

                           - Ioánnis Nikoláou Koléttis        (b. 1774 - d. 1847)  Lib

                              (Colettis)

 9 Apr 1832 - 14 Apr 1832  Administrative Committee of Greece

                           - Vasíleios Voudoúris
                           - Andréas Asimákou Zaïmis          (s.a.)               Non-party                            - Theódoros Kolokotrónis           (b. 1770 - d. 1843)  Mil

                           - Ioánnis Nikoláou Koléttis        (s.a.)               Lib

                           - Andréas Pétrou Metaxás           (b. 1790 - d. 1860)  Con

14 Apr 1832 -  6 Feb 1833  Administrative Committee of Greece

                           - Geórgios Andréa Kountouriótis    (s.a.)               Lib

                              (president)

                           - Dimítrios Konstantínou Ypsilántis(b. 1794 - d. 1832)  Mil

                              (to 16 Aug 1832) 

                           - Andréas Asimákou Zaïmis          (s.a.)               Non-party

                           - Andréas Pétrou Metaxás           (s.a.)               Con

                           - Ioánnis Nikoláou Koléttis        (s.a.)               Lib

                           - Dimítris Nikoláou Plapoútas      (b. 1786 - d. 1864)  Mil

King¹

 6 Feb 1833 - 22 Oct 1862  Óthon I (Otto I)                   (b. 1815 - d. 1867)

                             (formally deposed 3 Feb 1863, retroactive to 22 Oct 1862)

18 Feb 1833 -  1 Jun 1835  kómis Iosíf Loudovíkos Ármansperg  (b. 1787 - d. 1853)  Non-party

                             (= Joseph Ludwig Franz Xaver Graf von Armansperg)

                             (chairman of the Council of Regency)

President of the Provisional Government

22 Oct 1862 - 21 Feb 1863  Dimítrios Georgíou Voúlgaris       (b. 1802 - d. 1878)  Mod

President of the National Assembly

21 Feb 1863 - 23 Feb 1863  Aristeídis Moraïtínis (acting)     (b. 1806 - d. 1875)  Con

                             (presiding vice-president of the National Assembly)

Presidents of the Provisional Government

23 Feb 1863 -  8 Apr 1863  Zinóvios (Zafeírios) Ioánnou Válvis(b. 1800 - d. 1886)  Non-party

 8 Apr 1863 - 11 May 1863  Diomídis Athanásiou Kyriákos       (b. 1811 - d. 1869)  Non-party

11 May 1863 -  1 Jul 1863  Benizélos Athanásiou Roúfos        (b. 1795 - d. 1868)  Lib

                             (Roúphos) (1st time) 

President of the National Assembly

 1 Jul 1863 -  3 Jul 1863  Diomídis Athanásiou Kyriákos       (s.a.)               Non-party

                             (from 6 Jun 1863, pending Geórgios I taking office)

President of the Provisional Government

 3 Jul 1863 - 30 Oct 1863  Benizélos Athanásiou Roúfos        (s.a.)               Lib

                             (2nd time)(pending Geórgios I taking office)

Kings¹

 6 Jun 1863 - 18 Mar 1913  Geórgios I (George I)              (b. 1845 - d. 1913)

                             (takes office upon landing at Piraeus 30 Oct 1863)

18 Mar 1913 - 12 Jun 1917  Konstantínos I (Constantine I)     (b. 1868 - d. 1923)

                             (1st time) 

12 Jun 1917 - 25 Oct 1920  Aléxandros (Alexander)             (b. 1893 - d. 1920)

Regents
25 Oct 1920 - 28 Oct 1920  Elefthérios Kyriákou Venizélos     (b. 1864 - d. 1936)  KF
                             (president of the Council of ministers)
28 Oct 1920 - 17 Nov 1920  Pávlos Theodórou Kountouriótis     (b. 1854 - d. 1935)  Mil
                             (1st time)
17 Nov 1920 - 19 Dec 1920  vasilomítor Ólga (f)               (b. 1851 - d. 1926)
                             (= velikaya knyazhna Ol'ga Konstantinovna)

Kings¹

17 Nov 1920 - 27 Sep 1922  Konstantínos I (2nd time)          (s.a.)

                            (arrives in Athens 19 Dec 1920)

27 Sep 1922 - 25 Mar 1924  Geórgios II (1st time)             (b. 1890 - d. 1947)

                            (left Greece 19 Dec 1923)

Regent

20 Dec 1923 - 14 Apr 1924  Pávlos Theodórou Kountouriótis     (s.a.)               Mil

                            (for absent Geórgios to 25 Mar 1924)

                            (2nd time)

Governor

14 Apr 1924 - 24 May 1924  Pávlos Theodórou Kountouriótis     (s.a.)               Mil

Presidents

24 May 1924 -  6 Apr 1926  Pávlos Theodórou Kountouriótis     (s.a.)               Mil

                             (1st time)

 6 Apr 1926 - 22 Aug 1926  Theodóros Dimitírou Pánkalos       (b. 1878 - d. 1952)  Mil

                             (Pángalos)(acting to 18 Apr 1926)

22 Aug 1926 - 24 Aug 1926  Geórgios Themistokléous Kondýlis   (b. 1879 - d. 1936)  LK

                             (acting)

24 Aug 1926 - 10 Dec 1929  Pávlos Theodórou Kountouriótis     (s.a.)               Mil 

                             (2nd time)

10 Dec 1929 - 10 Oct 1935  Aléxandros Thrasývoulou Zaïmis     (b. 1855 - d. 1936)  Non-party

                             (acting to 14 Dec 1929)

Regent

10 Oct 1935 - 22 Nov 1935  Geórgios Themistokléous Kondýlis   (s.a.)               LK

                             (from 10 Nov 1935, pending the return of Geórgios II)

King¹

22 Nov 1935 - 22 May 1941  Geórgios II (2nd time)             (s.a.)

                             (lands in Greece 25 Nov 1925; continues in dissidence

                             from 29 Apr 1941, and then in exile² from 22 May 1941)

Presidents of the Government (under Axis occupation)

29 Apr 1941 -  1 Dec 1942  Geórgios Konstantínou Tsolákoglou  (b. 1886 - d. 1948)  Mil
 1 Dec 1942 -  7 Apr 1943  Konstantínos Ioánnou               (b. 1878 - d. 1961)  Non-party
                             Logothetópoulos
 7 Apr 1943 - 13 Oct 1944  Ioánnis Dimitríou Rállis           (b. 1878 - d. 1946)  Non-party

Kings¹

13 Oct 1944 -  1 Apr 1947  Geórgios II (2nd time [restored])  (s.a.)

                             (in exile³ to 27 Sep 1946)

13 Oct 1944 - 30 Dec 1944  Geórgios Andréou Papandréou        (b. 1888 - d. 1968)  Non-party

                             (acting; returns to Athens 18 Oct 1944)

Regent

30 Dec 1944 - 27 Sep 1946  archiepískopos Damaskinós          (b. 1891 - d. 1949)  Non-party

                             (= Dimítrios Nikoláou Papandréou)

Kings¹

 1 Apr 1947 -  6 Mar 1964  Pávlos I (Paul I)                  (b. 1901 - d. 1964)

20 Feb 1964 -  6 Mar 1964  prínkipas Konstantínos -Regent     (b. 1940 - d. 2023)  Non-party

 6 Mar 1964 -  1 Jun 1973  Konstantínos II                    (s.a.) 

                             (forced to leave Greece 14 Dec 1967)

Regents (not recognized by the King)

13 Dec 1967 - 21 Mar 1972  Geórgios Konstantínou Zoitákis     (b. 1910 - d. 1996)  Mil

21 Mar 1972 -  1 Jun 1973  Geórgios Chrístou Papadópoulos     (b. 1919 - d. 1999)  Mil

Presidents

 1 Jun 1973 - 25 Nov 1973  Geórgios Chrístou Papadópoulos     (s.a.)               Non-party

                             (provisional to 19 Aug 1973)

25 Nov 1973 - 14 Dec 1974  Faídon Dimitríou Gkizíkis          (b. 1917 - d. 1999)  Mil

14 Dec 1974 - 18 Dec 1974  Konstantínos Georgíou Karamanlís   (b. 1907 - d. 1998)  ND

                             (1st time) (acting) 

18 Dec 1974 - 20 Jun 1975  Michaíl Dimitríou Stasinópoulos    (b. 1903 - d. 2002)  Non-party

                             (provisional)

20 Jun 1975 - 14 May 1980  Konstantínos Dimitríou Tsátsos     (b. 1899 - d. 1987)  ND

15 May 1980 - 10 Mar 1985  Konstantínos Georgíou Karamanlís   (s.a.)               ND

                             (2nd time)

10 Mar 1985 - 29 Mar 1985  Ioánnis Nikoláou Alevrás (acting)  (b. 1912 - d. 1995)  PASOK

30 Mar 1985 -  4 May 1990  Chrístos Antoníou Sartzetákis      (b. 1929 - d. 2022)  Non-party

 4 May 1990 - 10 Mar 1995  Konstantínos Georgíou Karamanlís   (s.a.)               ND

                             (3rd time) 

10 Mar 1995 - 12 Mar 2005  Konstantínos Dimitríou             (b. 1926 - d. 2016)  Non-party

                             Stefanópoulos

12 Mar 2005 - 13 Mar 2015  Károlos Grigoríou Papoúlias        (b. 1929 - d. 2021)  PASOK

13 Mar 2015 - 13 Mar 2020  Prokópios Vasileíou Pavlópoulos    (b. 1950)            ND

13 Mar 2020 - 13 Mar 2025  Ekateríni "Katerína" Nikoláou      (b. 1956)            Non-party

                             Sakellaropoúlou (f)

13 Mar 2025 -              Konstantínos Antoníou Tasoúlas     (b. 1959)            ND

 

Prime ministers (presidents of the ministerial council)

 6 Feb 1833 - 24 Oct 1833  Spyrídon Ioánnou Trikoúpis         (b. 1788 - d. 1873)  Mod
                             (Tricoupis)(acting to 15 Apr 1833)
24 Oct 1833 - 12 Jun 1834  Aléxandros Nikoláou Mavrokordátos  (s.a.)               Mod
                             (1st time)
12 Jun 1834 -  1 Jun 1835  Ioánnis Nikoláou Koléttis          (s.a.)               Lib
                             (Colettis)(1st time) (acting)
 1 Jun 1835 - 14 Feb 1837  kómis Iosíf Loudovíkos Ármansperg  (s.a.)               Non-party
                             (= Joseph Ludwig Franz Xaver Graf von Armansperg)
                             (chief secretary of state)
14 Feb 1837 - 20 Dec 1837  Ignátios fon Roúdchart             (b. 1790 - d. 1838)  Non-party
                             (Ippótis de Roudárt)
                             (= Ignaz von Rudhart)
20 Dec 1837 -  6 Jul 1841  Vacant
 6 Jul 1841 - 22 Aug 1841  Aléxandros Nikoláou Mavrokordátos  (s.a.)               Mod
                             (2nd time)
22 Aug 1841 - 15 Sep 1843  Vacant
15 Sep 1843 - 28 Feb 1844  Andréas Pétrou Metaxás             (s.a.)               Con
28 Feb 1844 - 11 Apr 1844  Konstantínos Michaíl Kanáris       (b. 1793? - d. 1877) Con
                             (1st time)
11 Apr 1844 - 18 Aug 1844  Aléxandros Nikoláou Mavrokordátos  (s.a.)               Mod
                             (3rd time)
18 Aug 1844 - 12 Sep 1847  Ioánnis Nikoláou Koléttis          (s.a.)               Lib
                             (2nd time)
12 Sep 1847 - 17 Sep 1847  Vacant
17 Sep 1847 - 20 Mar 1848  Kyriákos "Kítsos" Fotíou Tzavélas  (b. 1801 - d. 1855)  Lib
                             (Tsavéllas)
20 Mar 1848 - 27 Oct 1848  Geórgios Andréa Kountouriótis      (s.a.)               Lib
27 Oct 1848 - 24 Dec 1849  Konstantínos Michaíl Kanáris       (s.a.)               Con
                             (2nd time)
24 Dec 1849 - 28 May 1854  Antónios Georgíou Kriezís          (b. 1796 - d. 1865)  Mod
28 May 1854 -  4 Oct 1855  Aléxandros Nikoláou Mavrokordátos  (s.a.)               Mod
                             (4th time)
28 May 1854 - 29 Aug 1854  Konstantínos Michaíl Kanáris       (s.a.)               Con
                             (acting for absent Mavrokordátos)
 4 Oct 1855 - 25 Nov 1857  Dimítrios Georgíou Voúlgaris       (s.a.)               Lib
                             (1st time)
25 Nov 1857 -  7 Jun 1862  Athanásios Andréa Miaoúlis         (b. 1815 - d. 1867)  Mil
 7 Jun 1862 - 23 Oct 1862  Ioánnis "Gennaíos" Theodórou       (b. 1803 - d. 1868)  Con
                             Kolokotrónis

Presidents of the Provisional Government
23 Oct 1862 - 30 Oct 1863  the Heads of state

Prime ministers (until 8 Oct 1973, presidents of the ministerial council)
30 Oct 1863 -  6 Nov 1863  Vacant

 6 Nov 1863 - 17 Mar 1864  Dimítrios Georgíou Voúlgaris       (s.a.)               Mod

                             (2nd time) 

17 Mar 1864 - 28 Apr 1864  Konstantínos Michaíl Kanáris       (s.a.)               Con

                             (3rd time) 

28 Apr 1864 -  7 Aug 1864  Zinóvios (Zafeírios) Ioánnou       (s.a.)               Non-party

                             Válvis

 7 Aug 1864 - 14 Mar 1865  Konstantínos Michaíl Kanáris       (s.a.)               Con

                             (4th time) 

14 Mar 1865 -  1 Nov 1865  Aléxandros Spyrídonos Koumoundoúros(b. 1814? - d. 1883) KE

                             (1st time)

 1 Nov 1865 - 15 Nov 1865  Epameinóndas Dimitírou Deligeórgis (b. 1829 - d. 1879)  Lib

                             (1st time) 

15 Nov 1865 - 18 Nov 1865  Dimítrios Georgíou Voúlgaris       (s.a.)               Mod

                             (3rd time) 

18 Nov 1865 - 25 Nov 1865  Aléxandros Spyrídonos Koumoundoúros(s.a.)               KE

                             (2nd time)

25 Nov 1865 - 10 Dec 1865  Epameinóndas Dimitírou Deligeórgis (s.a.)               Mod

                             (2nd time) 

10 Dec 1865 - 21 Jun 1866  Benizélos Athanásiou Roúfos        (s.a.)               Lib

21 Jun 1866 - 30 Dec 1866  Dimítrios Georgíou Voúlgaris       (s.a.)               Mod

                             (4th time) 

30 Dec 1866 -  1 Jan 1868  Aléxandros Spyrídonos Koumoundoúros(s.a.)               KE

                             (3rd time)

 1 Jan 1868 -  6 Feb 1868  Aristeídis Moraïtínis (2nd time)   (s.a.)               Con

 6 Feb 1868 -  6 Feb 1869  Dimítrios Georgíou Voúlgaris       (s.a.)               Mod

                             (6th time) 

 6 Feb 1869 - 21 Jul 1870  Thrasývoulos Andréa Zaïmis         (b. 1825 - d. 1880)  Mod

                             (1st time) 

21 Jul 1870 - 15 Dec 1870  Epameinóndas Dimitírou Deligeórgis (s.a.)               Mod

                             (3rd time) 

15 Dec 1870 -  9 Nov 1871  Aléxandros Spyrídonos Koumoundoúros(s.a.)               KE

                             (4th time)

 9 Nov 1871 -  6 Jan 1872  Thrasývoulos Andréa Zaïmis         (s.a.)               Mod

                             (2nd time) 

 6 Jan 1872 - 20 Jul 1872  Dimítrios Georgíou Voúlgaris       (s.a.)               Mod

                             (6th time) 

20 Jul 1872 - 21 Feb 1874  Epameinóndas Dimitírou Deligeórgis (s.a.)               Lib

                             (4th time) 

21 Feb 1874 -  9 May 1875  Dimítrios Georgíou Voúlgaris       (s.a.)               Mod

                             (7th time) 

 9 May 1875 - 27 Oct 1875  Charílaos Spyrídonos Trikoúpis     (b. 1832 - d. 1896)  NK

                             (1st time) 

27 Oct 1875 -  8 Dec 1876  Aléxandros Spyrídonos Koumoundoúros(s.a.)               KE

                             (5th time)

 8 Dec 1876 - 13 Dec 1876  Epameinóndas Dimitírou Deligeórgis (s.a.)               Lib

                             (5th time) 

13 Dec 1876 - 10 Mar 1877  Aléxandros Spyrídonos Koumoundoúros(s.a.)               KE

                             (6th time)

10 Mar 1877 - 31 May 1877  Epameinóndas Dimitírou Deligeórgis (s.a.)               Lib

                             (6th time) 

31 May 1877 -  7 Jun 1877  Aléxandros Spyrídonos Koumoundoúros(s.a.)               KE

                             (7th time)

 7 Jun 1877 - 14 Sep 1877  Konstantínos Michaíl Kanáris       (s.a.)               Con

                             (5th time) 

14 Sep 1877 - 23 Jan 1878  Council of Ministers

                           - Aléxandros Spyrídonos            (s.a.)               KE

                               Koumoundoúros

                           - Charílaos Spyrídonos Trikoúpis   (s.a.)               NK

                           - Epameinóndas Dimitírou           (s.a.)               Lib

                               Deligeórgis

                           - Thrasývoulos Andréa Zaïmis       (s.a.)               Mod
                           - Theódoros Pangaí Deligiánnis     (b. 1824 - d. 1905)  KE
                               (Diligiánnis)

                           - Charálampos Zymvrakákis          (b. 1812 - d. 1880)  Mil

                           (acting)

23 Jan 1878 -  2 Nov 1878  Aléxandros Spyrídonos Koumoundoúros(s.a.)               KE

                             (8th time)

 2 Nov 1878 -  7 Nov 1878  Charílaos Spyrídonos Trikoúpis     (s.a.)               NK

                             (2nd time) 

 7 Nov 1878 - 22 Mar 1880  Aléxandros Spyrídonos Koumoundoúros(s.a.)               KE

                             (9th time)

22 Mar 1880 - 25 Oct 1880  Charílaos Spyrídonos Trikoúpis     (s.a.)               NK

                             (3rd time) 

25 Oct 1880 - 15 Mar 1882  Aléxandros Spyrídonos Koumoundoúros(s.a.)               KE

                             (10th time) 

15 Mar 1882 -  1 May 1885  Charílaos Spyrídonos Trikoúpis     (s.a.)               NK

                             (4th time) 

 1 May 1885 - 12 May 1886  Theódoros Pangaí Deligiánnis       (s.a.)               KE

                             (Diligiánnis) (1st time) 

12 May 1886 - 21 May 1886  Dimítrios Zafeiríou Válvis         (b. 1814 - d. 1892)  Non-party

21 May 1886 -  5 Nov 1890  Charílaos Spyrídonos Trikoúpis     (s.a.)               NK

                             (5th time) 

 5 Nov 1890 -  2 Mar 1892  Theódoros Pangaí Deligiánnis       (s.a.)               KE

                             (2nd time)

 2 Mar 1892 - 22 Jun 1892  Konstantínos Konstantópoulos       (b. 1832 - d. 1910)  KE

22 Jun 1892 - 15 May 1893  Charílaos Spyrídonos Trikoúpis     (s.a.)               NK

                             (6th time) 

15 May 1893 - 11 Nov 1893  Sotírios Sotirópoulos              (b. 1831 - d. 1898)  KE

11 Nov 1893 - 24 Jan 1895  Charílaos Spyrídonos Trikoúpis     (s.a.)               NK

                             (7th time) 

24 Jan 1895 - 12 Jun 1895  Nikólaos Pétrou Deligiánnis        (b. 1845 - d. 1910)  KE

12 Jun 1895 - 30 Apr 1897  Theódoros Pangaí Deligiánnis       (s.a.)               KE

                             (3rd time) 

30 Apr 1897 -  3 Oct 1897  Dimítrios Georgíou Rállis          (b. 1844 - d. 1921)  TK

                             (1st time)

 3 Oct 1897 - 14 Apr 1899  Aléxandros Thrasývoulou Zaïmis     (s.a.)               Non-party

                             (1st time) 

14 Apr 1899 - 25 Nov 1901  Geórgios Nikoláou Theotókis        (b. 1843 - d. 1916)  NK

                             (1st time)

25 Nov 1901 -  7 Dec 1902  Aléxandros Thrasývoulou Zaïmis     (s.a.)               Non-party

                             (2nd time) 

 7 Dec 1902 - 27 Jun 1903  Theódoros Pangaí Deligiánnis       (s.a.)               KE

                             (4th time) 

27 Jun 1903 - 11 Jul 1903  Geórgios Nikoláou Theotókis        (s.a.)               NK

                             (2nd time)

11 Jul 1903 - 19 Dec 1903  Dimítrios Georgíou Rállis          (s.a.)               TK

                             (2nd time)

19 Dec 1903 - 29 Dec 1904  Geórgios Nikoláou Theotókis        (s.a.)               NK

                             (3rd time)

29 Dec 1904 - 14 Jun 1905  Theódoros Pangaí Deligiánnis       (s.a.)               KE

                             (5th time) 

14 Jun 1905 - 22 Jun 1905  Vacant

22 Jun 1905 - 21 Dec 1905  Dimítrios Georgíou Rállis          (s.a.)               TK

                             (3rd time)

21 Dec 1905 - 20 Jul 1909  Geórgios Nikoláou Theotókis        (s.a.)               NK

                             (4th time)

20 Jul 1909 - 28 Aug 1909  Dimítrios Georgíou Rállis          (s.a.)               TK

                             (4th time)

28 Aug 1909 - 31 Jan 1910  Kyriakoúlis Pétrou Mavromichális   (b. 1850 - d. 1916)  Non-party

31 Jan 1910 - 19 Oct 1910  Stéfanos Nikoláou Dragoúmis        (b. 1842 - d. 1923)  Non-party

19 Oct 1910 -  9 Mar 1915  Elefthérios (Elevthérios) Kyriákou (s.a.)               KF 

                             Venizélos (1st time) 

 9 Mar 1915 - 23 Aug 1915  Dimítrios Panagióti Goúnaris       (b. 1867 - d. 1922)  Non-party

                             (1st time)

23 Aug 1915 -  7 Oct 1915  Elefthérios Kyriákou Venizélos     (s.a.)               KF 

                             (2nd time)

 7 Oct 1915 -  7 Nov 1915  Aléxandros Thrasývoulou Zaïmis     (s.a.)               Non-party

                             (3rd time)

 7 Nov 1915 - 22 Jun 1916  Stéfanos Ioánnou Skouloúdis        (b. 1836 - d. 1928)  Non-party

22 Jun 1916 - 16 Sep 1916  Aléxandros Thrasývoulou Zaïmis     (s.a.)               Non-party

                             (4th time)

16 Sep 1916 - 10 Oct 1916  Nikólaos P. Kalogerópoulos         (b. 1852 - d. 1927)  Non-party

                             (1st time)

28 Sep 1916 - 27 Jun 1917  Elefthérios Kyriákou Venizélos     (s.a.)               KF
                             (in Crete, from 9 Oct 1916 in Saloníki;
                             in opposition to the King, recognized

                             by the Allied Powers from 19 Dec 1916)

                             (3rd time)

10 Oct 1916 -  5 May 1917  Spyrídon Pávlou Lámpros            (b. 1851 - d. 1919)  Non-party

 5 May 1917 - 27 Jun 1917  Aléxandros Thrasývoulou Zaïmis     (s.a.)               Non-party

                             (5th time)

27 Jun 1917 - 17 Nov 1920  Elefthérios Kyriákou Venizélos     (s.a.)               KF 

                             (4th time)

17 Nov 1920 -  6 Feb 1921  Dimítrios Georgíou Rállis          (s.a.)               LK

                             (5th time)

 6 Feb 1921 -  8 Apr 1921  Nikólaos P. Kalogerópoulos         (s.a.)               LK

                             (2nd time)

 8 Apr 1921 - 16 May 1922  Dimítrios Panagióti Goúnaris       (s.a.)               LK

                             (2nd time)

16 May 1922 - 22 May 1922  Nikólaos Andréa Strátos            (b. 1872 - d. 1922)  ESK

22 May 1922 - 10 Sep 1922  Pétros Emmanouíl Protopapadákis    (b. 1860 - d. 1922)  LK

10 Sep 1922 - 29 Sep 1922  Nikólaos Triantafyllákos           (b. 1855 - d. 1939)  Non-party

                             (Triantaphillákos)

29 Sep 1922 - 30 Sep 1922  Anastásios A. Charalámpis          (b. 1862 - d. 1949)  Mil

30 Sep 1922 - 27 Nov 1922  Sotírios Georgíou Krokidás         (b. 1852 - d. 1924)  Non-party

27 Nov 1922 - 11 Jan 1924  Stylianós Epameinónda Gonatás      (b. 1876 - d. 1966)  Mil

11 Jan 1924 -  6 Feb 1924  Elefthérios Kyriákou Venizélos     (s.a.)               KF

                             (4th time)

 6 Feb 1924 - 12 Mar 1924  Geórgios Konstantínou Kafantáris   (b. 1873 - d. 1946)  KF

                             (Kaphantáris)

12 Mar 1924 - 24 Jul 1924  Aléxandros Panagióti Papanastasíou (b. 1876 - d. 1936)  KF

                             (1st time) 

24 Jul 1924 -  7 Oct 1924  Themistoklís Panagióti Sofoúlis    (b. 1860 - d. 1949)  KF

                             (Sophoúlis) (1st time) 

 7 Oct 1924 - 26 Jun 1925  Andréas Spíliou Michalakópoulos    (b. 1875 - d. 1938)  KF

26 Jun 1925 - 19 Jul 1926  Theódoros Dimitírou Pánkalos       (s.a.)               Mil

                             (Pángalos) 

19 Jul 1926 - 22 Aug 1926  Athanásios Loukã Eftaxías          (b. 1849 - d. 1931)  Non-party

                             (Evtaxías)

22 Aug 1926 -  4 Dec 1926  Geórgios Themistokléous Kondýlis   (s.a.)               EDK

                             (1st time)(acting to 26 Aug 1926)

 4 Dec 1926 -  4 Jul 1928  Aléxandros Thrasývoulou Zaïmis     (s.a.)               Non-party

                             (6th time)

 4 Jul 1928 - 26 May 1932  Elefthérios Kyriákou Venizélos     (s.a.)               KF

                             (5th time)

26 May 1932 -  5 Jun 1932  Aléxandros Panagióti Papanastasíou (s.a.)               AEK

                             (2nd time) 

 5 Jun 1932 -  4 Nov 1932  Elefthérios Kyriákou Venizélos     (s.a.)               KF 

                             (6th time)

 4 Nov 1932 - 16 Jan 1933  Panagiótis "Panagís" Epameinónda   (b. 1868 - d. 1936)  LK

                             Tsaldáris (1st time)

16 Jan 1933 -  6 Mar 1933  Elefthérios Kyriákou Venizélos     (s.a.)               KF 

                             (7th time)

 6 Mar 1933                Nikólaos Chrístou Plastíras        (b. 1883 - d. 1953)  Non-party

                             (acting)

 6 Mar 1933 - 10 Mar 1933  Aléxandros Othonaíos               (b. 1879 - d. 1970)  Mil

10 Mar 1933 - 10 Oct 1935  Panagiótis "Panagís" Epameinónda   (s.a.)               LK

                             Tsaldáris (2nd time)

10 Oct 1935 - 30 Nov 1935  Geórgios Themistokléous Kondýlis   (s.a.)               ERK

                             (2nd time)

30 Nov 1935 - 13 Apr 1936  Konstantínos Demertzís             (b. 1876 - d. 1936)  Non-party

13 Apr 1936 - 29 Jan 1941  Ioánnis Panagióti Metaxás          (b. 1871 - d. 1941)  KTE;1936 

                            (from 4 Aug 1936 semi-official style Archigós [Chief]) Non-party

29 Jan 1941 - 18 Apr 1941  Aléxandros Georgíou Korízis        (b. 1885 - d. 1941)  Non-party

                             (Koryzís)

19 Apr 1941 - 20 Apr 1941  Vacant

20 Apr 1941 - 21 Apr 1941  Aléxandros Sakellaríou (acting)    (b. 1887 - d. 1982)  Mil

21 Apr 1941 - 14 Apr 1944  Emmanouíl Ioánnou Tsouderós        (b. 1882 - d. 1956)  Non-party

                             (in exile³ from 23 May 1941)

29 Apr 1941 -  1 Dec 1942  Geórgios Konstantínou Tsolákoglou  (s.a.)               Mil

                             (collaborator government) 

 1 Dec 1942 -  7 Apr 1943  Konstantínos Ioánnou               (s.a.)               Non-party

                             Logothetópoulos

                             (collaborator government)

 7 Apr 1943 - 13 Oct 1944  Ioánnis Dimitríou Rállis           (s.a.)               Non-party

                             (collaborator government)

14 Apr 1944 - 26 Apr 1944  Sofoklís Elefthériou Venizélos     (b. 1894 - d. 1964)  Non-party

                             (1st time)(in exile³)

26 Apr 1944 -  3 Jan 1945  Geórgios Andréou Papandréou        (s.a.)               Non-party

                             (1st time)(in exile³ to 18 Oct 1944)

13 Oct 1944 - 18 Oct 1944  Vacant
                             (collaborator government)

 3 Jan 1945 -  8 Apr 1945  Nikoláos Chrístou Plastíras        (s.a.)               Non-party

                             (2nd time)     

 8 Apr 1945 - 17 Oct 1945  Pétros Voúlgaris                   (b. 1884 - d. 1957)  Mil

17 Oct 1945 -  1 Nov 1945  archiepískopos Damaskinós (acting) (s.a.)               Non-party

                             (president of the government)

 1 Nov 1945 - 22 Nov 1945  Panagiótis Kanéllou Kanellópoulos  (b. 1902 - d. 1986)  EEK

                             (1st time)

22 Nov 1945 -  4 Apr 1946  Themistoklís Panagióti Sofoúlis    (s.a.)               KF

                             (2nd time)

 4 Apr 1946 - 18 Apr 1946  Panagiótis Ilía Poulítsas          (b. 1881 - d. 1968)  Non-party

18 Apr 1946 - 24 Jan 1947  Konstantínos Stávrou Tsaldáris     (b. 1884 - d. 1970)  LK

                             (1st time)

24 Jan 1947 - 29 Aug 1947  Dimítrios Epameinónda Máximos      (b. 1873 - d. 1955)  LK

29 Aug 1947 -  7 Nov 1947  Konstantínos Stávrou Tsaldáris     (s.a.)               LK

                             (2nd time)

 7 Nov 1947 - 24 Jun 1949  Themistoklís Panagióti Sofoúlis    (s.a.)               KF

                             (3rd time)

24 Jun 1949 -  7 Jan 1950  Aléxandros Nikoláou Diomídis       (b. 1875 - d. 1950)  KF

                             (acting to 30 Jun 1949)

 7 Jan 1950 - 23 Mar 1950  Ioánnis Georgíou Theotókis         (b. 1880 - d. 1961)  LK

23 Mar 1950 - 15 Apr 1950  Sofoklís Elefthériou Venizélos     (s.a.)               KF

                             (2nd time)

15 Apr 1950 - 21 Aug 1950  Nikoláos Chrístou Plastíras        (s.a.)               EPEK

                             (3rd time)     

21 Aug 1950 - 27 Oct 1951  Sofoklís Elefthériou Venizélos     (s.a.)               KF

                             (3rd time)

27 Oct 1951 - 11 Oct 1952  Nikoláos Chrístou Plastíras        (s.a.)               EPEK

                             (3rd time)      

11 Oct 1952 - 19 Nov 1952  Dimítrios Ilía Kiousópoulos        (b. 1892 - d. 1977)  Non-party

19 Nov 1952 -  4 Oct 1955  Aléxandros Leonída Papágos         (b. 1883 - d. 1955)  ES

 4 Oct 1955 -  6 Oct 1955  Stéfanos Chrístou Stefanópoulos    (b. 1898 - d. 1982)  ES

                             (Stephanópoulos)(1st time)(acting) 

 6 Oct 1955 -  5 Mar 1958  Konstantínos Georgíou Karamanlís   (s.a.)               ES:1956 ERE

                             (1st time)

 5 Mar 1958 - 17 May 1958  Konstantínos Georgíou              (b. 1890 - d. 1973)  Non-party

                             Georgakópoulos

17 May 1958 - 20 Sep 1961  Konstantínos Georgíou Karamanlís   (s.a.)               ERE

                             (2nd time) 

20 Sep 1961 -  4 Nov 1961  Konstantínos Thomá Dóvas           (b. 1898 - d. 1973)  Non-party

 4 Nov 1961 - 19 Jun 1963  Konstantínos Georgíou Karamanlís   (s.a.)               ERE

                             (3rd time)

19 Jun 1963 - 28 Sep 1963  Panagiótis Nikoláou Pipinélis      (b. 1899 - d. 1970)  ERE

28 Sep 1963 -  8 Nov 1963  Stylianós Ioánnou Mavromichális    (b. 1902 - d. 1981)  Non-party

 8 Nov 1963 - 31 Dec 1963  Geórgios Andréou Papandréou        (s.a.)               EK

                             (2nd time) 

31 Dec 1963 - 19 Feb 1964  Ioánnis Polychróni Paraskevópoulos (b. 1900 - d. 1984)  Non-party

                             (1st time)

19 Feb 1964 - 15 Jul 1965  Geórgios Andréou Papandréou        (s.a.)               EK

                             (3rd time) 

15 Jul 1965 - 20 Aug 1965  Geórgios Themistokléous            (b. 1893 - d. 1987)  FDK

                             Athanásios-Nóvas

20 Aug 1965 - 17 Sep 1965  Ilías Ioánnou Tsirimókos           (b. 1907 - d. 1968)  FDK

17 Sep 1965 - 22 Dec 1966  Stéfanos Chrístou Stefanópoulos    (s.a.)               FDK

                             (2nd time) 

22 Dec 1966 -  3 Apr 1967  Ioánnis Polychróni Paraskevópoulos (s.a.)               Non-party

                             (2nd time)

 3 Apr 1967 - 21 Apr 1967  Panagiótis Kanéllou Kanellópoulos  (s.a.)               ERE

                             (2nd time)

21 Apr 1967 - 13 Dec 1967  Konstantínos Vlasíou Kóllias       (b. 1901 - d. 1998)  Non-party

13 Dec 1967 -  8 Oct 1973  Geórgios Chrístou Papadópoulos     (s.a.)               Mil

 8 Oct 1973 - 25 Nov 1973  Spyrídon Vasileíou Markezínis      (b. 1909 - d. 2000)  Non-party

25 Nov 1973 - 24 Jul 1974  Adamántios A. Androutsópoulos      (b. 1919 - d. 2000)  Non-party

24 Jul 1974 - 10 May 1980  Konstantínos Georgíou Karamanlís   (s.a.)               ND

                             (4th time)

10 May 1980 - 21 Oct 1981  Geórgios Ioánnou Rállis            (b. 1918 - d. 2006)  ND

21 Oct 1981 -  2 Jul 1989  Andréas Georgíou Papandréou        (b. 1919 - d. 1996)  PASOK

                             (1st time) 

 2 Jul 1989 - 12 Oct 1989  Tzanís Pétrou Tzannetákis          (b. 1927 - d. 2010)  ND

12 Oct 1989 - 23 Nov 1989  Ioánnis "Giánnis" Athanásiou Grívas(b. 1923 - d. 2016)  Non-party

23 Nov 1989 - 11 Apr 1990  Xenofón Efthymíou Zolótas          (b. 1904 - d. 2004)  Non-party

                             (Xenophón Evthimíou Zolótas)

11 Apr 1990 - 13 Oct 1993  Konstantínos Kyriakoú Mitsotákis   (b. 1918 - d. 2017)  ND

13 Oct 1993 - 21 Jan 1996  Andréas Georgíou Papandréou        (s.a.)               PASOK

                             (2nd time)

21 Jan 1996 - 10 Mar 2004  Konstantínos "Kóstas" Georgíou     (b. 1936 - d. 2025)  PASOK

                             Simítis

10 Mar 2004 -  6 Oct 2009  Konstantínos Alexándrou Karamanlís (b. 1956)            ND

 7 Oct 2009 - 11 Nov 2011  Geórgios Andréou Papandréou        (b. 1952)            PASOK

11 Nov 2011 - 17 May 2012  Loukás Dimitríou Papadímos         (b. 1947)            Non-party

17 May 2012 - 20 Jun 2012  Panagiótis Óthona Pikramménos      (b. 1945)            Non-party

20 Jun 2012 - 26 Jan 2015  Antónis Konstantínou Samarás       (b. 1951)            ND

26 Jan 2015 - 27 Aug 2015  Aléxis Pávlou Tsípras (1st time)   (b. 1974)            SYRIZA

27 Aug 2015 - 21 Sep 2015  Vasilikí Spyrídonos Thánou-        (b. 1950)            Non-party

                             Christofílou (f)

21 Sep 2015 -  8 Jul 2019  Aléxis Pávlou Tsípras (2nd time)   (s.a.)               SYRIZA

 8 Jul 2019 - 25 May 2023  Kyriákos Konstantínou Mitsotákis   (b. 1968)            ND

                             (1st time)

25 May 2023 - 26 Jun 2023  Ioánnis Dimítrios Sarmás           (b. 1957)            Non-party

26 Jun 2023 -              Kyriákos Konstantínou Mitsotákis   (s.a.)               ND
                             (2nd time)

Allied (British) Occupation 1944-1947

British General Officers Commanding III Corps and Commander-in-chief, Land Forces Greece
(17 Dec 1944 - 1 Apr 1945, H.Q. Land Forces and Military Liaison [Greece];
from 1 Apr 1945, H.Q. Land Forces [Greece])
14 Oct 1944 - 12 Mar 1946  Sir Ronald MacKenzie Scobie        (b. 1893 – d. 1969)
12 Mar 1946 - 31 Mar 1947  Kenneth Noel Crawford              (b. 1895 - d. 1961)

Axis Occupation of Greece 1941-1944

 ²Greek sources are very obscure on the style and function of this body. In some - non-Greek - sources it is described as a Regency.

 ³Having left Athens 23 Apr 1941, the King and government left Crete - the last free Greek soil - on 23 May 1941, staying in Alexandria (Egypt) 2-29 Jun 1941, then Johannesburg (South Africa) 20 Jul - 5 Sep 1941, and arriving in London (U.K.) 24 Sep 1941. There the government remained until 14 Apr 1943, then staying at Cairo (Egypt) 5 May 1943 - 6/8 Sep 1944, moving to Italy 9 Sep 1944 (from 1 Oct 1944 at Cava dei Tirreni), and finally returning to Athens 18 Oct 1944. The King returned from London 27 Sep 1946, entering Athens 28 Sep 1946.

Noble and Ecclesiastical Titles: Antivasiléfs = Regent; Archiepískopos = Archbishop; Kómis/Graf/Conte = Count; Prínkipas = Prince; Varónos (Barónos) = Baron; Velikaya knyazhna = Grand Princess; Vasilomítor = Queen Mother.

Territorial Disputes: Greece and Turkey continue discussions to resolve their complex maritime, air, territorial, and boundary disputes in the Aegean Sea; Cyprus question with Turkey; the mass migration of unemployed Albanians still remains a problem for developed countries, chiefly Greece and Italy. Greece's long coastline and developed economy entices tens of thousands of illegal immigrants from the Middle East and northern Africa.

Party abbreviations: DIKKI = Dimokratikó Koinonikó Kínima (Democratic Social Movement, social democratic, split from PASOK, est.20 Dec 1995); KKE = Kommounistikó Kómma Elládas (Communist Party of Greece, communist, Eurosceptic, banned Dec 1947-23 Jul 1974, est.17 Nov 1918); ND = Néa Dimokratía (New Democracy, center-right, christian democratic, est.4 Oct 1974); PASOK = Panellínio Sosialistikó Kínima (Panhellenic Socialist Movement, center-left, social democratic, est.3 Sep 1974); SYRIZA = Synaspismós Rizospastikís Aristerás (Coalition of the Radical Left, democratic socialist, left-wing populist, est.22 May 2012); Mil = Military; 
- Former parties (parties banned 4 Aug 1936 - 29 Jan 1941 and 23 Apr 1967-23 Jul 1974): AEK = Agrotikón Ergatikón Kómma (Agricultural and Labour Party, democratic socialist, agrarian, republican, split from KF, 1926-4 Aug 1936); Con = "Róssiko Kómma" ("Russian party," called Kómma ton Napaíon [Napist Party], conservatives, populist, centralist, monarchist, pro-Russian, c.1821-c.1875); EDK = Ethnikón Dimokratikón Kómma (National Republican Party, liberal conservative, anti-Venizelism, 1923-1928, renamed ERK); EEK = Ethnikón Enotikón Kómma (National Unionist Party, republican, 1935-1950, merged unto Métọpo Ethnikís Anadimiourgías [National Reconstruction Front]); EK = Énosis Kéntrou (Centre Union, national liberal, Venizelism, 1961-1974); EPEK = Ethnikí Proodeftikí Évosi Kéntrou (National Progressive Centre Union, liberal, centrist, 1949-1961); ERE = Ethnikí Rizospastikí Énosis (National Radical Union, conservative, former ES, 4 Jan 1956-1967); ERK = Ethnikón Rizospastikón Kómma (National Radical Party, liberal conservative, anti-Venizelism, former EDK, 1928-4 Aug 1936); ES = Ellinikós Synagermós (Greek Rally, nationalist, conservative, monarchist, Metaxism, 6 Aug 1951-4 Jan 1956, merged into ERE); ESK = Ethnikó Syntiritikón Kómma (National Conservative Party, 1916-19..); FDK = Fileléftheron Dimokratikón Kéntron (Liberal Democratic Centre, liberal, split from EK, 1965-1966); KE = Kómma Ethnikófronon (Nationalist Party, conservative, pan-Greek, Megali Idea, 1865-1909); KF = Kómma Filelefthéron (Liberal Party, Greek nationalist, national liberal, republican, Venizelism, split from NK, 23 Aug 1910-1961, merged into EK); KTE = Kómma ton Eleftherofrónon (Freethinkers' Party, nationalist, right-wing, agrarian, Metaxism, 12 Oct 1922 - 4 Aug 1936); Lib = "Gallikó Kómma" ("French party", called Ethnikó Kómma [National Party], liberals, centrist, nationalist, pro-French, c.1821-c.1875); LK = Laïkó Kómma (People's Party, conservative, monarchist, nationalist, anti-Venizelism, 1920-1958, merged into ERE); Mod = "Anglikó Kómma" ("English party," called Syntagmatikó Kómma [Constitutional Party], moderates, constitutional monarchist, pro-British, c.1821-c.1875); NK = Neoteristikón Kómma (Modernist Party, 'old' liberal party, sometimes called 'New' Party, 1875-23 Aug 1910, merged into KF); NSDAP = Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers' Party, Nazi fascist, xenophobic, German nationalist, 24 Feb 1920-20 Oct 1945); PNF = Partito Nazionale Fascista (National Fascist Party, Italian fascist, Italian nationalist, authoritarian, 9 Nov 1921-25 Jul 1943); TK = Tríto Kómma (Third Party, moderate, c.1883-19..)

Greek Local Insurrectionist Administrations Mar 1821 - Jan 1822

23 Mar 1821                The beginning of the Greek War of Independence (the Battle of
                             Kalamáta).
23 Mar 1821 - 1822         Parts of Greece controlled by many insurrectionary
                             revolutionary administrations.
29 Mar 1821                Revolution launched in Máni (Mani) region of Morea by
                             "Petrobey", Turkish forces soon limited to nine fortresses,
                             Greeks controlling countryside (OS date 17 Mar 1821).
 7 Jun 1821                Peloponnesian Senate (Peloponnisiakí Gerousía) established in revolt
                             for the whole Peloponnese (Pelopónnisos)(OS date 26 May 1821).
 5 Oct 1821                Greeks occupy Trabliçe (Tripolitsá [Trípoli]), the then
                             provincial capital of Morea (OS date 23 Sep 1821).
16 Nov 1821                Senate of Western Greece (Gerousía tís Dytikís Elládos) established,
                             in revolt, for Western Greece.
29 Nov 1821                Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece (Áreios Págos tís Anatolikís
                             Chérsou Elládos) is elected in revolt, for Continental Greece,
                             then part of the Aegean (Aegaean) province.
 1 Jan 1822                National Assembly convened, superseding the three regional bodies;
                             on 13 Jan 1822 a provisional constitution adopted (Provisional
                             Government of Greece)(Prosorinón Polítevma tís Elládos),
                             regional bodies abolished on 30 Apr 1823 (see Greece above).
 8 Jan 1822                Organization for Provisional Administration (Organismós perí
                             prosorinís Dioikíseos) adopted by the Peloponnesian Senate (O.S.
                             date 27 Dec 1821).

Crete - see under Crete

Central Macedonia

- General Conservancy of Athos (Áthos) - see under Mount Athos

Peloponnese

- Conservancy of Karytaena (Karýtaina)(in Arcadia) -
(from 7 Jun 1821, under Peloponnesian Senate)
21 Mar 1821 -  7 Jun 1821  Kanéllos Deligiánnis (Diligiánnis) (b. 1780 - d. 1862)
- Municipality of Elea (Ileía)(in Gastoúni-Ileía [Elea]) -
(from 7 Jun 1821, under Senate of Peloponnese)
26 Mar 1821 - 26 May 1821  Geórgios Sisínis                   (b. 1769 - d. 1831)
- Consulate of Argos (Árgos) -
(from 7 Jun 1821, under Peloponnesian Senate)
28 Mar 1821 -  7 Jun 1821  Stamatéllos Antonópoulos           (b. 1759 - d. 1839)
- General Conservancy of Trifyllia (between Arcadia and Messinia) -
(from 7 Jun 1821, under Peloponnesian Senate)
24 Mar 1821 -  7 Jun 1821  Amvrósios Frantzís                 (b. 1778 - d. 1851)
- Senate of Messinia (Messinía) -
(from 7 Jun 1821, under Peloponnesian Senate)
23 Mar 1821 -  7 Jun 1821  Pétros Ilíou Mavromichális         (b. 1765 - d. 1848)
                             "Petrómpeis" ("Petróbey")
- Committee of Achaïa (Achaea) -
(from 7 Jun 1821, under Peloponnesian Senate)
24 Mar 1821 -  7 Jun 1821  epískopos Germanós III tis Pátra   (b. 1771 - d. 1826)

President of the Peloponnesian Senate (in Tripolitsá [Trípoli])
 7 Jun 1821 - 27 Jan 1822  Theodóritos Vasileíou Vresthénis   (b. 1787 - d. 1843)  Non-party

Continental (Mainland) Greece (Attica and Euboea)

- Athens (Athína) -
(from 29 Nov 1821, under Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece)
25 Apr 1821 -  8 Jun 1821  Dímos Antoníou
 8 Jun 1821 - 29 Jun 1821  Melétis Vasileíou (interim)        (b. 1778 - d. 1826)
                           + Geórgios Néngas (interim)
29 Jun 1821 - Oct 1821     Livéris Lymperópoulos (Liberópoulos)
Oct 1821 - Nov 1821        Panagiótis Ktenás
Nov 1821 - 29 Nov 1821     Ilías "Katsákos" Ioánnou           (d. 1836)
                             Mavromichális
- Euboea (Eúboia) -
(from 29 Nov 1821, under Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece)
May 1821 - 27 May 1821     Nikólaos Tomarás (1st time)        (d. 1832)
27 May 1821 (days)         Veroúsis (Beroúsis)
May 1821 (days)            Nikólaos Tomarás (2nd time)        (s.a.)
Jun 1821                   Aléxandros Kriezís
Jun 1821 - 29 Nov 1821     Angelís Goviós (Govginas)          (b. 1780 - d. 1822)
- Consulate of Eastern Greece (in Livadiá [Levadea]) -
(from 29 Nov 1821, under Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece)
 1 Apr 1821 - 29 Nov 1821  Consuls
                           - Lámbros Nákos
                           - Ioánnis Logothétis               (d. 1826)
                           - Ioánnis Fílon (Filonas)
- Hydra (Ýdra) - see under Hyrda
- Poros (Póros) -
(from 29 Nov 1821, under Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece)
Apr 1821 - 27 Jan 1822     Geórgios Mertíkas
                           + Christódoulos Mertíkas
                           + Geórgios Kriezís
- Aegina (Aígina) -
(from 29 Nov 1821, under Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece)
Apr 1821 - 29 Nov 1821     Geórgios Márkellos
                           + Geórgios Logothétis
- Salamís -
(from 29 Nov 1821, under Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece)
Apr 1821 - 29 Nov 1821     igoúmenos Grigórios Kanéllos tis
                             Faneroméni (Phaneroméni)

- Spetses (Spétses) - see under Spetses

President of the Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece (in Sálona [Ámfissa])
29 Nov 1821 - 27 Jan 1822  Theódoros Georgíou Négris          (b. 1790 - d. 1824)  Non-party

Western Greece

President of the Senate of Western Greece (in Mesolóngi [Missolonghi])
21 Nov 1821 - 27 Jan 1822  Aléxandros Nikoláou Mavrokordátos  (b. 1791 - d. 1865)  Mod

North Aegean

- Psara (Psará) - see under Psara
- Samos (Samós) - see under Samos 

South Aegean

- Santoríni (Thíra) -
 5 May 1821 - 18..         Evángelos Matzarákis
                           + epískopos Zacharías Kyriákos

Thessaly

- Parliament of Thessaly-Magnesia (Pílio [(Pelion), mountain of Magnisía (Magnesia)]) -
May 1821                   Ánthimos Gazís                     (b. 1764 - d. 1828)
 7 May 1821 -  9 May 1821  Kyriákos Vasdékis 
 9 May 1821 - May 1821     Kontoníkos
May 1821 (days)            Panagís Vasdékis
May 1821 - May 1821        Anagnóstis Papagiannópoulos        (b. 1771 - d. 1857)
                             (= Anagnóstis Deligiánnis [Diligiánnis])
May 1821                   Ioánnis Anastasíou

General Secretary of the Greek Communist Party (KKE)
24 Dec 1947 - 28 Aug 1949  Nikólaos "Níkos" Zachariádis       (b. 1903 - d. 1973)
                             (continues in exile to Mar 1956)

Chairmen of the Political Committee of National Liberation (Prime ministers)
10 Mar 1944 - 18 Apr 1944  Evripídis Bakirtzís                (b. 1895 - d. 1947)  KKE
18 Apr 1944 -  2 Sep 1944  Aléxandros Svólos                  (b. 1892 - d. 1956)  SKE
Premiers
24 Dec 1947 -  7 Feb 1949  Márkos Vafeiádis (Vafiádis)        (b. 1906 - d. 1992)  KKE
 7 Feb 1949 -  3 Apr 1949  Nikólaos "Níkos" Zachariádis       (s.a.)               KKE
 3 Apr 1949 - 28 Aug 1949  Dimítris "Mítsos" Partsalídis      (b. 1905 - d. 1980)  KKE
                             (continues in exile to Oct 1950)

Party abbreviations: KKE = Kommounistikó Kómma Elládas (Communist Party of Greece, communist, Marxist-Leninist, est.17 Nov 1918, banned 4 Aug 1936-1944 and 27 Dec 1947-23 Sep 1974); PEEA = Politikí Epitropí Ethnikís Apelefthérosis (Political Committee of National Liberation, republican, anti-fascist, anti-Revisionism, left-wing nationalist, 10 Mar 1944 - 9 Oct 1944); SKE = Sosialistikó Kómma Elládas (Socialist Party of Greece, socialist, republican, Svolism, anti-Comintern, split from KKE, 1920-Sep 1953, merged into Ellinikí Sosialistikí Énosi [Greek Socialist Union])

Athos (Áthos)

17 Jan 395 - 16 May 1204   Part of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire.
883                        Athos receives first imperial privileges from Emperor Vasíleios I
                             "Makedón" (Basil I "the Macedonian").
908                        Athos becomes independent of the monasteries outside the peninsula.
                             The existence of a Prótos (leader and representative of all the
                             monks) is attested to for the first time.
963                        Great Laura (Lavra) monastery founded, others are slowly founded
                             (surviving modern monestaries): Vatopede in 972; Iveron c.976;
                             Philotheo (St. Chrysostom) 992; Caracalla and Xenophontos 1070;
                             Docheirou, Sphigmenou, St. Paul and Xeropotamos c.11th cent.;
                             Castamoneta 1086; St. Panteleimon (Russico) 1169; Hilandar
                             (Kiliantari) 1197; Coutloumoussi 12th cent.; St. George the
                             Zograf (Zographou) c.980; Simon Rock (Simonos Petra) 13th cent.;
                             Pantocratoras 1363; St. Dionysius 1375; St. Gregory mid-14th
                             cent.; and St. Nicholas in 1541.
972                        Emperor Ioánnis I "Tzimiskís" (John I "Tzimiskes") grants autonomy
                             to the monasteries of Mount Athos in the first charter (typikón).
1045                       A chrysobull (chrysóvoulo) of Emperor Konstantínos IX Monomákhos
                             (Constantine IX Monomachos) confirms the title Ágion Óros (old
                             Greek: Hágios Hóros) or "Holy Mountain", later also styled
                             Agiónymon Óros tou Átho or "Our Holy Mountain of Athos".
16 May 1204 - 1222         Part of Latin Empire (within the Kingdom of Thessalonica).
1205                       Mount Athos is briefly occupied by the members of "Fourth" Crusade.
17 Jan 1213                Pope Innocent III confirms rights and privileges of Athos, placing
                             it under direct Papal protection by Papal Bull (until 1312).
1222 - 1224                Despot of Epirus, Theódoros Doúkas (Teodoro Ducas), liberates
                             Macedonia and Athos; part of Despotate of Epirus.
1224                       Part of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire (restored).
1274 - 11 Dec 1282         Emperor Mikhaíl VIII Palaiológos (Michael VIII Palaeologus) and
                             Patriarch Ioánnis XI Vékkos (John XI Bekkos) attempt to enforce
                             the Union of Lyons (union of Latin and Eastern Orthodox Churches)
                             on monasteries of Mount Athos, which is rejected by the monks.
1307 - 1309                Monasteries are repeatedly sacked by Catalan Company mercenaries.
Nov 1312                   Emperor Andrónikos II Palaiológos (Andronicus II Palaeologus)
                             issued a chrysobull by which he transferred jurisdiction over
                             the monasteries, including the appointment of the Prótos, to
                             the Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople.
1343 - 1371                Part of the Serbian Empire.
1371                       Part of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire (restored).
1383 - Jan/Feb 1403        Ottoman occupation of the peninsula.
1392                       Patriarch Antónios IV (Anthony IV) confirmed the traditional rights
                             and privileges of Athos, and of the Prótos, and confirms Athos is
                             not under the authority of the Bishop of Ierissós.
1406                       Manouíl II Palaiológos (Manuel II Palaeologos) issues the third
                             charter (typikón) of Mount Athos.
1424                       Monks of Mount Athos pay homage and declared their submission to
                             Ottoman Sultan Murad II, but maintained close relations with
                             Constantinpole until 1453 as long as a Christian emperor reigned.
1424 - 15 Nov 1912         Part of the Ottoman Empire.
1568                       Mainland dependencies are confiscated by the Ottoman government.
1568 - 1569                Monks manage to survive empire-wide confiscations of Christian
                             Church property by buying back the confiscated property with help
                             from leaders of Moldavia and Wallachia and moneylenders in
                             Thessaloníki.
Sep 1574                   Patriarch Ieremías II (Jeremiah II) approves a new typikón for
                             Mount Athos restoring holy vows and strengthening monasticism.
1575                       The Ottoman Sultan appoints a representative to be resident in Mount
                             Athos at Karyés.
1593                       The last reference to the institution of the Prótos as the
                             Athonites' supreme administrative and spiritual authority. The
                             Great Council (Megáli Sýnaxis) at Karyés is established as the
                             supreme authority in charge of Athonite affairs.
1783                       Patriarch Gavriíl IV (Gregory IV) establishes a (6th) typikón for
                             Mount Athos reorganizing its central administration.
17 May 1821                Emmanouíl Pappás (b. 1772 - d. 1821) calls together the abbots of
                             the monasteries of Mount Athos in Karyes and declared the Greek
                             revolution in Chalkidike (Chalkidikí) peninsula.
28 Dec 1821                Ottomans suppress pro-Greek independence rebellion in Chalkidike
                             peninsula area and garrison Athos (leaving Athos in 1830).
12 May 1826                Ottoman forces burnt Karyés down to the ground.
Apr 1854 - May 1854        Greek guerillas under Cham arrive on Athos and remain until Ottoman
                             forces arrive.
1863                       Rumanian government confiscates the income of the dependencies of
                             Mount Athos in Moldvia and Wallachia.
1873                       Russian government seizes the income of the dependencies of Mount
                             Athos in Bessarabia (Moldova) and the Caucasus.
27 Dec 1877                Patriarch Ioakeím II (Joachim II) publishes the Regulations
                             (Kanonismos) of the Monasteries of Mount Athos that are approved by
                             the Ottoman government (not recognized by the Monks of Athos).
13 Jul 1878                Article 62 of Treaty of Berlin (between U.K., Austria-Hungary,
                             France, Germany, Italy, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire) states
                             that the monks of Mount Athos, "of whatever country they may be
                             natives, shall be maintained in their former possessions and
                             advantages, and shall enjoy, without any exception, complete
                             equality of rights and prerogatives" (ratified 28 Aug 1878).
                             Russia continues to press for the internationalization of Mount
                             Athos (under its protection or the six Orthodox states [Russia,
                             Greece, Serbia, Romania, Montenegro, and Bulgaria]) until 1917.
1911                       New General Regulations for Mount Athos, drawn up by Patriarch
                             Ioakeím III (Joachim III) and the Athonite monks, ratified.
15 Nov 1912                Greece takes possession of the Mount Athos peninsula during the
                             First Balkan War.
26 Nov 1912 - 21 Jun 1913  Bulgaria lands 70 troops at Athos to take up positions at Zograph
                             and Hilandar monasteries, until they are ejected by Greece
                             following start of the Second Balkan War.
30 May 1913                Ottoman Empire "entrusts to Germany, Austria, France, U.K., Italy,
                             and Russia the task of determining the title to all of the
                             Ottoman islands in the Aegean Sea (except Crete) and to the
                             peninsula of Mount Athos" by the Treaty of London (not ratified).
 4 Nov 1913                Ottoman Empire confirms, by Treaty of Athens, that Mount Athos
                             ('Thessaloniki and surrounding territory') is part of Greece
                             - not mentioning any autonomous status (effective 29 Nov 1913).
 4 Jan 1917 - Apr 1919     Allied (Russia, U.K. and France) troops garrison Mount Athos during
                             World War I.
26 Mar 1917                Mount Athos recognizes the Greek provisional government of Prime
                             minister Elefthérios Venizélos in opposition to Spyrídon Lámpros.
10 Aug 1920                Treaty of Sèvres (not ratified) confirms Greece's sovereignty over
                             the territory of Mount Athos and 'the persons therein' (formally
                             confirmed by the Treaty of Lausanne 24 Jul 1923, effective 6 Aug
                             1924).
 1 Mar 1923                Greece adopts the New Style (Gregorian) Calendar, Mount Athos
                             refuses and continues to use the Old Style (Julian) Calendar.
23 May 1924                Constitutional Charter of Holy Mount Athos (Katastatikós Chártis
                             toú Agíou Órous Átho)(O.S. 10 May 1924) signed on Mount Athos
                             by representatives of the 20 monasteries.
22 Sep 1926                Formal autonomy granted within Greece; Constitutional Charter of
                             Holy Mount Athos is ratified by Greece (10 Sep 1926) effective
                             with Constitution of Greece on 22 Sep 1926 (Administration of the
                             Holy Mountain [Agíou Órous]); sometimes colloquially referred to
                             simply a "Mount Athos", or "autonomous monastic state of Mount
                             Athos", or as the "Athonian republic").
22 Apr 1941 - 29 May 1944  During the German occupation Greece the area of Mount Athos is
                             subject to German military authorities in Greece, but was not
                             formally occupied or made a protectorate. On 26 Apr 1941, the
                             monks formally submitted themselves to the personal protection of
                             Adolf Hitler by letter (a small German garrison is present Jun
                             1943 - 29 May 1944).
19 Sep 1944 - Feb 1945     A unit of the Greek People's Liberation Army (Ellinikós Laïkós
                             Apeleftherotikós Stratós)(ELAS) of the National Liberation
                             Front (Ethnikó Apeleftherotikó Métopo)(EAM) occupies Athos,
                             installing administrators and requesting tribute from the
                             monasteries.
 1 Jan 1981                Treaty of Accession of Greece to the European Communities recognizes
                             the special status guaranteed to Mount Athos by the Greek
                             Constitution (confirmed in accession of Greece to the Schengen
                             zone 6 Nov 1992 & final act of EU Treaty of Amsterdam 2 Oct 1997).
 8/9 Dec 1988              Inscribed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

Spiritual Leaders
972 - 16 May 1204          the Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople
General Conservancy of Áthos (Macedonia-Athos)
17 May 1821 - Dec 1821     Emmanouíl Pappás                    (b. 1772 - d. 1821)
Greek Administrators of the Holy Mountain
(title dioikitikós/dioikitikí)(secular administrators)
15 Dec 1926 - 10 Jun 1927  Nikólaos P. Batestátos              (b. 18.. - d. 1927)
15 Jun 1927 - 26 Feb 1929  Nikólaos Lélis (acting)             (b. 1887 - d. 1958)
 8 Jan 1930 -  8 Nov 1931  Zísis Nikoláou Chatzivasileíou      (b. 1868 - d. 19..)
 8 Nov 1931 -  1 Dec 1931  Ioánnis Kokotákis
 1 Dec 1931 -  2 Apr 1932  Ioánnis Petrídis
24 May 1932 - 20 Apr 1933  Nikólaos Dámtsas
 9 May 1933 - 24 Aug 1933  Aléxandros Tsormpatzís
24 Aug 1933 - 15 May 1937  Periklís Noúlis
20 May 1937 - 26 Jun 1937  Konstantínos Valtís
 1 Jul 1937 -  9 Jul 1937  G. Paraskevópoulos (acting)  
11 Jul 1937 -  8 Dec 1938  Andréas Panourgiás
 8 Dec 1938 -  6 Mar 1941  Aristeídis Fokás
 9 Jul 1941 - 26 Jan 1944  Vasíleios Panagiótou Korfiotákis   (b. 1899 - d. 1983)
1944                       Georg Stenger                      (b. 1907 - d. ....)
                             (German Delegate for Mount Athos
                             [Beauftragter für den Berg Athos])
Jul 1944 - Sep 1944        Dimítrios Romanós (acting)
Sep 1944 - Oct 1944        Nikólaos Ampelás
                             (appointed by ELAS)
Oct 1944 - Dec 1944        Kímon Diamánteas
                             (appointed by ELAS)
Dec 1944 - 1945            Kýrkos I. Ekaterináris
                             (appointed by ELAS)
17 Mar 1945 - Nov 1947     Dimítrios Papadimitríou
Jan 1948 - Aug 1948        Rénos Pýrgos 
16 Sep 1948 - 15 Jun 1950  Panagiótis Ioánnou Panagiotákos    (b. 1911 - d. 1966)
15 Jun 1950 - Aug 1950     Konstantínos Papakyriakoú
                             (did not take office)
Aug 1950 - Dec 1951        Nikólaos P. Kourásis               (b. 1910 - d. 1983)
Dec 1951 - 1964            Konstantínos Spyrídonos            (b. 1905 - d. ....)
                             Konstantópoulos
Jul 1964 - 1967            Emmanouíl Thrasývoulou Roúnis      (b. 1927 - d. 2010)
14 Aug 1967 - Aug 1971     Stávros Iosif Papadátos
Aug 1971 - 15 Sep 1973     Konstantínos Karadimitrópoulos
28 Sep 1973 - May 1975     Dimítrios Athanásiou Krekoúkias
Jun 1975 - Sep 1981        Dimítrios Georgíou Tsámis          (b. 1937 - d. 2007)
Sep 1981 - Nov 1982        Vasíleios Stergíou Pseftogkás      (b. 1933)
                             (Pseftónkas)          
May 1983 - 18 Jul 1985     Vasílis Stogiánnos                 (b. 1939 - d. 1985)
Jul 1985 - 1989            Apóstolos Αthanasíou Glavínas      (b. 1939)  
1989 - 1991                Konstantínos Nikoláou Loúlis       (b. 1955)
1991 - 1993                Nikólaos-Ioánnis Papadimitríou-    (b. 1949)
                             Doúkas
May 1994 - Oct 1996        Geórgios Dimitríou Martzélos       (b. 1948)
1996 - 2001                Stávros Panagiótou Psycháris       (b. 1945 - d. 2022) 
2001 - 2004                Arístos Konstantínou Kasmíroglou   (b. 1944)
                             (1st time) (acting)
2004 - 2010                Geórgios Dimitríou Dalakoúras      (b. 1938 - d. 2021)
26 Apr 2010 - 13 Aug 2018  Arístos Konstantínou Kasmíroglou   (s.a.) 
                             (2nd time)
13 Aug 2018 -  9 Oct 2019  Konstantínos Ioánni Dímtsas        (b. 1969)
 9 Oct 2019 - 19 Jan 2024  Athanásios Ioánni Martínos         (b. 1950)
19 Jan 2024 - 12 Aug 2024  Anastásios Georgíou Mitsiális      (b. 1952) 
13 Aug 2024 -              Alkiviádis Panagióti Stefanís      (b. 1959)

Chairmen of the Administration of the Holy Mountain (Protepistátis)¹
(with monastery in parenthesis)
1895 - 1896                proigoúmenos Dorótheos
                             (of Megístis Lávras)
1896 - 1904                ....
1904 - 1905                monachós Charálampos
                             (of Dionysíou)
1905 - 1910                ....
1910 - 1911                proigoúmenos Kýrillos 
                             (of Megístis Lávras)
1911 - 1912                proigoúmenos Ioakeím
                             (of Vatopedíou)
1912 - 1915                ....
1915 - 1916                monachós Kyriakós (1st time)
                             (of Dionysíou)
1916 - 1917                ....
1917 - 1918                proigoúmenos Ánthimos
                             (of Ivíron)
1918 - 1926                ....
1926 - 1929                ....
14 Jun 1929 - 13 Jun 1930  monachós Kyriakós (2nd time)
                             (of Dionysíou)
14 Jun 1930 - 13 Jun 1931  ....
14 Jun 1931 - 13 Jun 1932  proigoúmenos Theodósios (1st time)
                             (of Vatopedíou)
14 Jun 1932 - 13 Jun 1933  ....
14 Jun 1933 - 13 Jun 1934  proigoúmenos Dosítheos
                             (of Chiliandaríou)
14 Jun 1934 - 13 Jun 1935  monachós Iákovos                   (b. 1849 - d. 1939)
                             (of Dionysíou) 
14 Jun 1935 - 13 Jun 1936  proigoúmenos Máximos
                             (of Megísti Lávra)
14 Jun 1936 - 13 Jun 1937  ....
14 Jun 1937 - 13 Jun 1938  proigoúmenos Paísios
                             (of Ivíron)
14 Jun 1938 - 13 Jun 1939  ....
14 Jun 1939 - 13 Jun 1940  monachós Davíd
                             (of Dionysíou) 
1940 - 1943                ....
14 Jun 1943 - 13 Jun 1944  proigoúmenos Arsénios
                             (of Chiliandaríou)
1944 - 1946                ....
14 Jun 1946 - 13 Jun 1947  proigoúmenos Theodósios (2nd time)
                             (of Vatopedíou)
1947 - 1954                ....
14 Jun 1954 - 13 Jun 1955  monachós Grigórios                 (b. 1890 - d. 1966)
                             (of Dionysíou) 
14 Jun 1955 - 13 Jun 1956  ....
14 Jun 1956 - 13 Jun 1957  proigoúmenos Konstantínos
                             (of Vatopedíou)
14 Jun 1957 - 13 Jun 1958  monachós Agathángelos
                             (of Ivíron)
14 Jun 1958 - 13 Jun 1959  proigoúmenos Daniíl
                             (of Chiliandaríou)
1959 - 1962                ....
14 Jun 1962 - 13 Jun 1963  monachós Damianós
                             (of Ivíron)
1963 - 1969                ....
14 Jun 1969 - 13 Jun 1970  monachós Efstrátios
                             (of Dionysíou) 
1970 - 1974                ....
14 Jun 1974 - 13 Jun 1975  géron Theóklitos (1st time)        (b. 1916 - d. 2006)
                             (of Dionysíou) 
14 Jun 1975 - 13 Jun 1976  proigoúmenos Konstantínos
                             (of Megístis Lávras)
1976 - 1979                ....
14 Jun 1979 - 13 Jun 1980  géron Theóklitos (2nd time)        (s.a.)
                             (of Dionysíou) 
1980 - 1984                ....
14 Jun 1984 - 13 Jun 1985  géron Ioanníkios (1st time)        (b. 1942 - d. 2006)
                             (of Dionysíou) 
1985 - 1989                ....
14 Jun 1989 - 13 Jun 1990  géron Theóklitos (3rd time)        (s.a.)
                             (of Dionysíou) 
14 Jun 1990 - 13 Jun 1991  ....
14 Jun 1991 - 13 Jun 1992  ieromónachos Athanásios            (b. 1959)
                             (of Vatopedíou)
14 Jun 1992 - 13 Jun 1993  proigoúmenos Kallínikos (1st time)
                             (of Ivíron) 
14 Jun 1993 - 13 Jun 1994  ....
14 Jun 1994 - 13 Jun 1995  géron Ioanníkios (2nd time)        (s.a.)
                             (of Dionysíou) 
1995 - 1997                ....
14 Jun 1997 - 13 Jun 1998  proigoúmenos Kallínikos (2nd time)
                             (of Ivíron)
14 Jun 1998 - 13 Jun 1999  ieromónachos Stéfanos (1st time)
                             (of Chiliandaríou)
14 Jun 1999 - 13 Jun 2000  géron Ioanníkios (3rd time)        (s.a.)
                             (of Dionysíou) 
14 Jun 2000 - 13 Jun 2003  ....
14 Jun 2003 - 13 Jun 2004  ieromónachos Stéfanos (2nd time)
                             (of Chiliandaríou)
14 Jun 2004 - 13 Jun 2005  géron Ioanníkios (4th time)        (s.a.)
                             (of Dionysíou) 
14 Jun 2005 - 13 Jun 2006  géron Pávlos (1st time)
                             (of Megístis Lávras)
14 Jun 2006 - 13 Jun 2007  géron Varnávas (1st time)
                             (of Vatopedíou)
14 Jun 2007 - 13 Jun 2008  proigoúmenos Kallínikos (3rd time)
                             (of Ivíron)
14 Jun 2008 - 13 Jun 2009  ieromónachos Stéfanos (3rd time)
                             (of Chiliandaríou)
14 Jun 2009 - 13 Jun 2010  géron Symeón (1st time)            (b. 1959)
                             (of Dionysíou)
14 Jun 2010 - 13 Jun 2011  géron Pávlos (2nd time)
                             (of Megístis Lávras)
14 Jun 2011 - 13 Jun 2012  géron Varnávas (2nd time)
                             (of Vatopedíou)
14 Jun 2012 - 13 Jun 2013  géron Maxímos (of Ivíron)
14 Jun 2013 - 13 Jun 2014  ieromónachos Stéfanos (4th time)
                             (of Chiliandaríou)
14 Jun 2014 - 13 Jun 2015  géron Symeón (2nd time)            (s.a.)
                             (of Dionysíou)
14 Jun 2015 - 13 Jun 2016  géron Pávlos (3rd time)
                             (of Megístis Lávras)
14 Jun 2016 - 13 Jun 2017  géron Varnávas (3rd time)
                             (of Vatopedíou)
14 Jun 2017 - 13 Jun 2018  géron ieromónachos Gervásios
                             (of Ivíron)
14 Jun 2018 - 14 Jun 2019  ieromónachos Stéfanos (5th time)
                             (of Chiliandaríou)
14 Jun 2019 - 14 Jun 2020  géron Symeón (3rd time)            (s.a.)
                             (of Dionysíou)
14 Jun 2020 - 14 Jun 2021  géron Pávlos (4th time)
                             (of Megístis Lávras)
14 Jun 2021 - 14 Jun 2022  géron Geórgios
                             (of Vatopedíou)
14 Jun 2022 - 14 Jun 2023  géron Christóforos
                             (of Ivíron)
14 Jun 2023 - 14 Jun 2024  ieromónachos Stéfanos (6th time)
                             (of Chiliandaríou)
14 Jun 2024 - 14 Jun 2025  géron Symeón (4th time)            (s.a.)
                             (of Dionysíou)
14 Jun 2025 -              géron Avraám
                             (of Megístis Lávras)

 ¹since 1926, the administration is composed of representatives of the modern 20 monasteries of Mount Athos. The 20 monasteries are grouped into five quartets (tetrás). Each year one qualified individual from the first monastery of each quartet is sent to represent his quartet in the central administration (called the Supervisory Committee of the Holy Community [Ierá Epistasía]) with the chair (protepistátis) rotating automatically among the five quartets for a term running for one year from 1 Jun (N.S. 14 Jun) to 31 May (N.S. 13 Jun). The five quartets are as follows: (1.) Great Laura (Megísti Lávra), Docheirou (Docheiaríou), Xenophontos (Xenofóntos), and Sphigmenou (Esfigménou); (2.) Vatopede (Vatopaidíou), Coutloumoussi (Koutloumousíou), Caracalla (Karakállou), and St. Nicholas (Stavronikíta); (3.) Iveron (Ivíron), Pantocratoras (Pantokrátoros), Philotheo (Filothéou), and Simon Rock (Simonopétra); (4.) Hilandar (Kiliantari)(Chiliandaríou), Xeropotamo (Xiropotámou), St. Paul (Agíou Pávlou), and St. Gregory (Osíou Grigoríou); (5.) Dionysius (Dionysíou), St. George the Zograf (Zográfou), St. Panteleimon ('Russico')(Ágios Panteleímon ['Rossikón']), and Castamoneta (Konstamonítou).

Ottoman Morea (Peloponnese) 1661-1821

Venetian Morea 1685-1715

Jun 1685                   Invasion of the Morea (Peloponnese peninsula) by Venice.
17 Jun 1685                Navarino (Pýlos) occupied by Venice.
29 Aug 1686                Nauplion (Náfplio) occupied by Venice.
 7 Aug 1687                Corinth (Kórinthos) occupied by Venice.
Aug 1687                   Piraeus (Porto Leone) occupied.
29 Aug 1687                Venetians occupy the Acropolis in Athens.
1688                       Kingdom of Morea (Regno della Morea/Vasíleio tou Moréos) organized
                             with a capital at capital Nauplia (Nauplio/Napoli di Romania).
26 Jan 1699                Morea confirmed under Venetian Republic rule by the Treaty
                             of Karlowitz.
18 Jul 1715                Nauplion (Náfplio) surrenders to Ottomans.
16 Aug 1715                Castle of the Morea (Rhíon) falls to Ottomans.
 7 Sep 1715                Malvasia (Monemvasía) surrenders to Ottomans.
21 Jul 1718                Venice renounces the Morea by Treaty of Passarowitz.

Venetian Commanders
1685 - 1687                Francesco Morosini                 (b. 1619 - d. 1694)
                             "il Peloponnesiaco"
 4 Jun 1687 - Dec 1687     Nicolò Corner
Venetian General Superintendents of the Morea (in Nauplion)
(title Provveditori Generali in Morea)
23 Dec 1687 -  5 Jan 1689  Girolamo (Jacopo) Corner           (b. 1632 - d. 1690)
 5 Jan 1689 - 17 Feb 1693  Antonio Zeno
17 Feb 1693 - Dec 1694     Marino Michiel                     (b. 1642 - d. 1695)
 4 Dec 1694 - Apr 1695     Alessandro Molin
12 Apr 1695 - Dec 1696     Agostino Sagredo
29 Dec 1696 - Nov 1697     Paolo Nani
30 Nov 1697 - Jul 1700     Francesco Grimani
 8 Jul 1700 - Sep 1702     Giacomo (Jacopo) da Mosto
 2 Sep 1702 - Mar 1705     Antonio Nani
 7 Mar 1705 - Dec 1707     Angelo Emo                         (b. 1666 - d. 1750)
23 Dec 1707 - Dec 1710     Marco Loredano
 6 Dec 1710 - Dec 1713     Antonio Loredano                   (b. 1666 - d. 17..)
 9 Dec 1713 - 18 Jul 1715  Alessandro Bon                     (b. 1654 - d. 1715)


Superintendents of Province of Achaia (Provveditori d'Acaja; in Patras)‏
1693 - 1695                Pietro Basadonna
1695 - 1698                Angelo Lazari
1698 - 1700                Luigi Foscari
1700 - 1702                Francesco Donato
1702 - 1705                Pellegrino Pasqualigo
1705 - 1707                Giovanandrea Pasqualigo
1707 - 1709                Marco Venier
1709 - 1711                Francesco Moro
1711 - 1714                Marco Barbarigo
1714 - 1715                Francesco Tiepolo
Superintendents of Province of Laconia (Provveditori di Laconia; in Malvasia)
1693 - 1695                Bartolommeo Moro
1695 - 1697                Luigi Querini
1697 - 1698                Michele Magno
1698 - 1701                Pietro Marcello
1701 - 1704                Antonio Minio
1704 - 1706                Girolamo Marcello
1706 - 1709                Antonio Foscarini
1709 - 1710                Nicolò Melli
1710 - 1713                Vincenzo Pasta
1713 - 1715                Federigo Badoer
1715                       Lodovico Diedo
Superintendents of Province of Messenia (Provveditori di Messenia; in Navarino)
1693 - 1696                Giovanni Querini
1696 - 1698                Pellegrino Pasqualigo
1698 - 1701                Girolamo Marcello
1701 - 1703                Giovanni Pizzamano
1703 - 1705                Francesco Moro
1705 - 1707                Luigi Basadonna
1707 - 1710                Giovanni Badoer
1710 - 1712                Vincenzo Badoer
1712 - 1714                Nicolò Querini
1714 - 1715                Costantino Loredano
Superintendents of Province of Romania (Provveditori di Romania; in Nauplion)
1693 - 1693                Domenico Diedo
1693 - 1696                Marco Pisani
1696 - 1698                Stae Balbi
1698 - 1700                Imperiale Contarini
1700 - 1702                Giovannandrea Pasqualigo
1702 - 1704                Marco Venier
1704 - 1706                Vincenzo Pasta
1706 - 1709                Marcantonio Trevisano
1709 - 1711                Angelo Orio
1711 - 1712                Bartolommeo Moro
1712 - 1714                Leonardo Bondumier
1714 - 1715                Nicolò Melli

Adopted c.1821

1467 - 1479                Venetian occupation.
1453                       Morea part of Ottoman Empire.
1689                       Mani (Máni) Peninsula de facto autonomous (within Eyalet of Morea).
1697 - 1715                Venetian occupation.
1715                       Ottoman rule restored.
1776                       De facto autonomy (restored).
1814                       Formal autonomy granted.
29 Mar 1821                Revolution launched by Petróbey, Ottoman forces soon are
                             limited to 9 fortresses, Greeks controlling the countryside.
22 Jan 1822                Part of independent Greece.

Beys of Mani
1689 - 1697                Limperákis Gerakáris
1697 - 1715                Venetian rule
1715 - 1776                direct Ottoman rule
1776 - 1779                Tzanétos Koutífaris                (d. 1779)
1779 - 1782                Michális Troupákis-Moúrtzinos      (d. 1782)
1782 - 1798                Tzanétos Grigorákis                (b. 1742 - d. 1813)
1798 - 1803                Panagiótis Koumoundourákis 
1803 - 1808                Antónis Grigorákis                 (b. 1757 - d. 1821)
1808 - 1810                Konstantínos Zervákos "Zervobeis"
                             ("Zervobey")
1810 - 1815                Theódoros Grigorákis               (d. 1819)
1815 - 1821                Petrómpeis (Pétros) Ilíou          (b. 1765 - d. 1848) 
                             Mavromichális ("Petróbey")
                           (in rebellion from 29 Mar 1821)

1387                       Ottomans begin conquest of Thessaly (Trikala falls 1395/96)
                             completed 1470 (part of Rumelia Eyalet).
1788 - 1822                Sanjak of Tirhala (Trikala) as part of Yanya Eyalet (see Epirus).
1839                       Ottoman Eyalet of Tirhala (Trikala), split from Rumelia Eyalet.
1856 - c.1863              Re-merged into Yanya (Janina).
Jun 1867                   Re-merged into Yanya (Janina).
 2 Jul 1881                Thessaly incorporated into Greece (from 8 Jul 1899, divided into
                             the prefectures [nomós] of Kardítsas, Larísis, Magnisías [with
                             Northern Sporades Islands], and Trikálon; from 2011, part of
                             Thessalía region [periféreia]).  

Walis (governors) of Terhala (Thessaly)
1839 - 1840                Seyid Osman Pasha
Feb 1840 - Jul 1840        Mehmed Emin Pasha (2nd time)
Jul 1840 - Nov 1845        Namik Pasha
Nov 1845 - Feb 1846        Kirimli Musa Safveti Pasha
Feb 1846 - Jan 1847        Mezarcizade Mehmed Ziyaeddin
                             Pasha (1st time)
Jan 1847 - Sep 1848        Kibrisli Mehmed Emin Pasha         (b. 1813 - d. 1871)
Sep 1848 - Feb 1849        Mezarcizade Mehmed Ziyaeddin
                             Pasha (2nd time)
Feb 1849 - Feb 1851        Abdurrahman Sami Pasha
Feb 1851 - Feb 1854        Mehmed Celaleddin Pasha
Feb 1854 - May 1854        Ali Riza Mehmed Pasha
May 1854 - Mar 1855        Ramazanoglu Mehmed Ismet Pasha
Mar 1855 - Nov 1857        Pepe Mehmed Emin Pasha
May 1858 - Aug 1858        Hüseyin Hüsnü Pasha                (d. 1877)
Aug 1858 - May 1859        Aziz Pasha
May 1859 - 1861            Taib Pasha
Jun 1861 - Jun 1866        Ismail Rahmi Pasha                 (b. 1806 - d. 1875)
1863 – 1866                Hasan Tahsin Pasha
Sep 1866 - Jun 1867        Tunuslu Ibrahim Edhem Pasha        (b. 1818 - d. 1893)
Jun 1867                   incorporated into Yanya

Ottoman Thessalonica (Saloníki)

 9 Apr 1387-Jan/Feb 1403   Thessalonica (Saloníki) part of Ottoman Empire (part of the
                             Eyalet of Rumelia).
Sep 1423 - 29 Mar 1430     Venetian occupation of Thessalonica.
29 Mar 1430                Thessalonica reconquered by the Ottoman Empire.
1839                       Eyalet of Selanik (Salonica)(Eyālet-i Selānīk), split from Rumelia.
1867                       Selanik Vilayet (Vilâyet-i Selânik).
 8 Nov 1912                Thessalonika occupied by Greece.
30 May 1913                Part of Greece by the Treaty of London (not ratified).
 4 Nov 1913                Ottoman Empire confirms, by Treaty of Athens, that Thessaloniki
                             and surrounding territory is part of Greece (effective 29 Nov
                             1913)(part of Thessaloníkis prefecture [nomós], and prefectures
                             of Péllas from 1930, Kilkís from 1937, Imathías and Pierías from
                             1947; from 2011 part of Kentrikí Makedonía region [periféreia]).

Walis (governors) of Selanik (Thessalonika)
Sep 1839 - Feb 1840        Mehmed Hasib Pasha                 (d. 1870)
Feb 1840 - Jul 1840        Mehmed Emin Pasha                  (b. 1815 - d. 1871)
Jul 1840 - Jul 1843        Ömer Pasha                         (d. 1859)
Jul 1843 - Oct 1843        Sirozlu Ibrahim Pasha              (d. 1843)
Oct 1843 - Sep 1845        Gürcü Mehmed Vasif Pasha           (d. 1865)
Sep 1845 - Apr 1846        Gümrükcü Mehmed Salih Pasha        (d. 1858)
Apr 1846 - May 1847        Yaqub Pasha (1st time)             (d. 1854)
May 1847 - Sep 1848        Dede Mustafa Hifzi Pasha           (d. 1860)
Sep 1848 - Aug 1849        Egribozlu Ebubekir Sami Pasha      (d. 1849)
Aug 1849 - Jul 1850        Cihan Seraskeri Hasan Riza Pasha   (b. 1809 - d. 1877)
Jul 1850 - Nov 1851        Yakub Pasha (2nd time)             (s.a.)
Nov 1851 - May 1853        Yusuf Siddiq Mehmed Pasha
May 1853 - Jul 1853        Mehmed Salih Pasha                 (d. 1858)
Aug 1853 - Feb 1854        Ebubekir Rüstem Pasha              (d. 1865)
Feb 1854 - Jul 1854        Bosnakzade Mehmed Reshid Pasha     (b. 1812 - d. 1877)
Jul 1854 - Sep 1855        Arnavud Mazhar Osman Pasha
Sep 1855 - May 1856        Sirkatibi Mustafa Nuri Pasha       (b. 1798 - d. 1879)
May 1856 - May 1857        Ahmed Nazir Pasha
May 1857 - Oct 1857        Abdulkerim Nadir Pasha             (b. 1807 - d. 1883)
Oct 1857 - Sep 1858        Yozgatli Mehmed Vecihi Pasha       (b. 1797 - d. 1867)
Nov 1858 - Aug 1859        Mirza/Tatar Mehmed Said Pasha
Aug 1859 - Jan 1860        Ismail Rahmi Pasha                 (b. 1806 - d. 1875)
Jan 1860 - Jan 1865        Arnavud Mehmed Akif Pasha          (b. 1822 - d. 1893)
                             (1st time)
Jan 1865 - Dec 1866        Huseyin Hüsnü Pasha
1867                       Ahmed Ala Bey?
Jun 1867 - Feb 1869        Arnavud Mehmed Akif Pasha          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Feb 1869 - Sep 1871        Mehmed Sabri Pasha                 (d. 1879)
Sep 1871 - May 1872        Hekim Ismail Pasha                 (b. 1807 - d. 1880)
May 1872 - Aug 1872        Hurshid Pasha
Aug 1872 - May 1873        Ömer Fevzi Pasha (1st time)        (b. 1818 - d. 1878)
May 1873 - Sep 1873        Arnavud Mehmed Akif Pasha          (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
Oct 1873 - Feb 1874        Hafiz Ahmed Midhat Shefik Pasha    (b. 1822 - d. 1883)
Feb 1874 - Sep 1875        Ömer Fevzi Pasha (2nd time)        (s.a.)
Dec 1875 - Jun 1876        Baytar Mehmed Refet Pasha 
Jun 1876 - Apr 1877        Mustafa Esref Pasha                (b. 1819 - d. 1894)
Jun 1877 - Dec 1877        Cerkez Nusret Pasha                (b. 1824 - d. 1896)
Dec 1877 - Jul 1878        Ibrahim Halil Pasha                (d. 1878)
Jul 1878 - Mar 1880        Halil Rifat Pasha                  (b. 1827 - d. 1901)
18 Feb 1878 - 1878         Ioánnis Goventáros (Gkoventáros)
                            (president of Temporary Government of
                             Province of Elimeia in Macedonia, at Vourino)
                             (in rebellion)
19 Feb 1878 - 1878         Evángelos Korovánkos               (b. 1832 - d. 1895)
                            (president of Temporary Government of
                             Macedonia, at Litohoro; (in rebellion)
Mar 1880 - Jun 1880        Abidin Pasha                       (b. 1843 - d. 1906)
Aug 1880 - Jan 1882        Lofçali Ibrahim Dervish Pasha      (b. 1817 - d. 1896)
Mar 1882 - Sep 1885        Ismail Hakki Pasha
Sep 1885 - Aug 1886        Hasan Hakki Pasha
Aug 1886 - Aug 1891        Abdullah Galib Pasha               (b. 1829 - d. 1905)
Oct 1891 - Nov 1895        Mustafa Zihni Pasha                (b. 1838 - d. 1911)
1895                       Hasan Fehmi Pasha (1st time)       (b. 1836 - d. 1910)
Jan 1896 - Jan 1899        Ramazanoglu Hüseyin Riza Pasha     (b. 1838 - d. 1904)
Jan 1899 - May 1901        Haci Hasan Refik Pasha             (b. 1834 - d. 1901)
May 1901 - May 1902        Biren Mahmud Tevfik Beg            (b. 1867 - d. 1956)
May 1902 - Sep 1904        Hasan Fehmi Pasha (2nd time)       (s.a.)
Sep 1904 - Aug 1908        Mehmed Sherif Ra'uf Pasha          (b. 1838 – d. 1923)
10 Aug 1908 - Sep 1909     Ali Daniş Bey
15 Sep 1909 - May 1912     Pirizade Ibrahim Hayrullah Bey     (b. 1859 - d. 1934)
 6 May 1912 -  8 Aug 1912  Kadri Huseyin Kazim Bey            (b. 1870 - d. 1934)
Aug 1912 - Sep 1912        Ali Ferid Pasha                    (b. 1860 - d. 1937)

Note: included in Selanik (Thessaloníki) was Thásos Island (Turkish: Taşöz). This island had become a sanjak (district) of the Eyalet of Djeza'ir-i Bahr-i Sefid (see Dodecanese) in 1556, before being transferred to Selanik in 1902. In 1841, the island was granted to Muhammad Ali, the Wali of Egypt and his successors as a tributary possession; in 1908 direct Ottoman rule was restored until 20 Oct 1912. Included within Selanik Eyalet was Mount Athos.

Epirus (Ípeiros)

c.500 BC - 146 BC          Epirus (Ípeiros/Épeiros).       
146 BC - 17 Jan 395 AD     Part of the Roman (Republic to 27 BC) Empire. 
17 Jan 395 AD              Part of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire.
Fall 1204                  Despotate of Epirus (Ípeiros)(under Byzantine, then Serb,
                             and later Bulgarian influence)(subsumed in Empire of
                             temporary Nicaean conquest 1259–60).
Dec 1224 - 1230            Epirus annexes Thessalonica.
1241 - 1268                Epirus annexes Thessaly.
1279 - 1282                Vassal of the Kingdom of Sicily ("Naples").
1282 - 1291                Vassal of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire.
1291 - c.1307              Vassal of the Kingdom of Sicily ("Naples").
c.1307 - 1318              Vassal of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire.
1318 - 1324                Vassal of the Kingdom of Sicily ("Naples").
1324 - 1338                Vassal of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire.
1338 - 1348                Part of Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire.
1348 - 1355                Annexed by Serbia.
1356                       Despotate of Epirus (restored).
1367 -  1 Oct 1416         Rival Albanian lordship at Arta (Despotati i Artës), under
                             Serbian suzerainty (submits to despot of Epirus 1 Oct 1416).
1385 - 1430                Under Ottoman suzerainty.
26 Feb 1411                Title of Despot of Epirus passes to the Counts Palatine of
                             Cephalonia and Zante of the Tocco family.
 9 Oct 1430                Yanya (Janina [Ioánnina]), in central Epirus, part of the
                             Ottoman Empire.
24 Mar 1449                Ottomans occupy Arta, finishing the Ottoman conquest of Epirus.
1460                       Ottomans occupy Angelokastron (Angelόkastro).
Aug 1479                   Ottomans occupy Vonitsa, final end of Despotate of Epirus.
1670                       Eyalet of Yanyna (Eyālet-i Yānyâ), spit from Rumelia Eyalet.
1788 - 24 Jan 1822         Pashalik of Yanya (Janina), autonomous under Ali Pasha.
1822                       Eyalet of Yanyna (restored).
25 Mar 1854 - 1854         Local Greek rebellion.
end 1854                   Revolt ended by Ottoman forces.
1867                       Yanya (Janina) Vilayet
16 Sep 1912                Ottoman Empire grants autonomy by the Agreement of Skopje
                             (Old style date 4 Sep 1912).
15 Nov 1912                Southern part of the vilayet incorporated into Greece (as
                             prefectures [nomós] of Árta, Ioánnina, Préveza and Thesprotía;
                             from 1 Jan 2011, Epirus region [Ípiros periféreia]).
21 Feb 1913                Ioannina incorporated into Greece (recognized by Treaty of
                             London 30 May 1913).
13 Mar 1913 - 28 Apr 1914  Greek administration in Northern Epirus.
17 Dec 1913                Northern Epirus assigned to Albania (by protocol to 30 May 1913
                             peace treaty).
 1 Mar 1914 - 27 Oct 1914  Revolutionary government in Northern Epirus (see Albania).
27 Oct 1914 - 15 Nov 1916  Greek administration in Northern Epirus (s.a.)
28 Oct 1940                Italian invasion of Greece (from Italian annexed Albania).
22 Nov 1940 - 22 Apr 1941  Greek occupation of Northern Epirus.
20 Apr 1941 - 24 Apr 1941  German forces occupy Ioánnina.
24 Apr 1941 - Oct 1944     Greek Epirus (Ioánnina) occupied by Italy (from 9 Sep 1943 Germany).
                             Plans by Italy to annex the area to Albania fail due to local
                             resistance.
Apr 1941 - Sep 1943        Alkiviádis Diamántis (Alcibiadi Diamandi)(b. 1893 - d. 1948) and
                             Nikólaos Matoúsis (Nicola Matushi)(b. 1899 - d. 1991) form the
                             Vlach "Roman Legion" in an attempt to obtain, without official
                             support, autonomy for the local Vlach (Aromanian) communities
                             in Axis occupied northern Greece. This unsuccessful episode is
                             sometimes retrospectively referred to as the "Autonomous State
                             (or Principality) of Pindus."
1945                       Expulsion of the Cham Albanians from Greece for collaboration with
                             the German and Italian occupation.

Commander-in-chief of the Provisional Government of Western Thrace
31 Aug 1913 - 16 Sep 1913  Eşref Sencer Kuşçubaşi             (b. 1873 - d. 1964)  Mil
Governor-in-chief of the Provisional Inter-Allied Administration (at Komotini)
(subordinated to Commanders-in-chief of Allied Forces in Constantinople)
20 Oct 1919 - 23 May 1920  Charles Antoine Charpy (France)    (b. 1869 - d. 1941)  Mil

27 Sep 1669 - 21 Dec 1898

1841, 1866-1869, 1878, 1895-1897 In Revolt

21 Dec 1898 - 1913 State/Merchant Flag

21 Dec 1898 - 30 May 1913 On Land

c.2200 BC - c.1200 BC      Minoan civilization.
116 BC - 96 BC             Crete part of the Hellenistic Kingdom of Cyrenaica.
96 BC                      Ptolemy Apion, the last king of the Hellenistic Kingdom of Cyrenaica
                             left his kingdom to the Roman Republic when he dies childless.
74 BC                      Roman Republic sends the quaestor Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus to
                             officially annex Cyrenaica and Crete as a Roman province.
69 BC - 67 BC              Quintus Caecilius Metellus (b. c.114 BC – d. late 50s BC), father of
                             Marc Antony, is sent to Crete to subdue it receiving the cognomen
                             'Creticus.'
67 BC - 37 BC              Part of the Roman Republic (provincia Creta et Cyrenae [Cyrenaica]).
37 BC - 30 BC              Part of the Kingdom of Egypt under Cleopatra VII (nominally
                             a vassal of Rome).
30 BC - 17 Jan 395 AD      Part of Roman Empire (provincia Creta [et Cyrenae to 298]).
21 Jul 365                 Crete earthquake destroys nearly all towns on Crete.
17 Jan 395 AD              Part of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire.
827/28 - 6 Mar 961         Emirate of Crete ('Iqritish) founded by rebels from Emirate of
                             Cordova. Muslim Arab rule under the (nominal) suzerainty of the
                             Abbasid Caliphate.
 6 Mar 961                 Byzantine rule restored.
1201                       Crete granted to Bonifacio, marchese di Monferrato (b. 1150 - d.
                             1207) by claimant to the Byzantine throne Aléxios (IV) "o Ángelos"
                             (not effected).
12 Aug 1204                Boniface (s.a.) signs the cession of Crete (Refutatio Cretae) to the
                             Venetian Republic (which delays taking possession).
1206 - 1211                Genoa occupies Irákleio (Heraklion) and most of Crete.
1208 - 27 Sep 1699         Venetian possession as the Kingdom of Candia (Regno di Candia/
                             Vasíleio tis Kántias).
Jul 1212                   Genoa accepts Venetian control of Crete by treaty.
1262 - 1265                Anti-Venetian uprising led by the Chortatzes brothers.
1282 - 28 Apr 1299         Anti-Venetian uprising led by Aléxios Kallérgis (d. 1321), ended
                             with the Peace of Alexios Kallergis (Pax Alexii Callergi).
Sep 1333 - 1334            Anti-Venetian uprising Vardas Kallergis and Nikolaos Prikosirides.
1341 - 1347                Anti-Venetian uprising led Leon Kallergis.
 9 Aug 1363 -  9 May 1364  Commune of Crete ("Republic of Saint Titus" [Áyois Títos]) declares
                             independence in rebellion "Revolt of Titus" against Venetian rule.
1646                       Ottomans conquer western Crete establishing Girit [Crete] Eyalet.
 1 May 1648 - 27 Sep 1669  Ottoman siege of Candia (Irákleio).
27 Sep 1669                All of Crete part of the Ottoman Empire (as Girit Eyaleti).
Sep/Oct 1715               Last Venetian fortresses (Suda [Soúda] falls 14 Sep 1715, Grabusa
                             [Gramvoúsa] fell 1691, and Spinalonga [Spinalónka] falls 4 Oct
                             1715) and offshore islands surrender to the Ottomans.
 4 Apr 1770 - 17 Jun 1771  Sfakía uprising in Crete under Russian protection.
21 May 1821                Revolution begins in support of Greek independence.
Nov 1821 - 12 Apr 1824     Independence rebellion, seeking to join Greece (Provisional State
                             of the Island of Crete).
1822 - 1825                Egyptian invasion (on behalf of Ottomans) and occupation.
 9 Aug 1825 - Feb 1830     Rebellion (Revolutionary Council of Crete).
 3 Feb 1830                The Great Powers (France, U.K. and Russia) agree to recognize
                             independence of Greece, but without Crete, in London Protocol.
Oct 1830 - 1831            Egyptian invasion (on behalf of Ottomans) and occupation.
1831 - 1841                Egyptian rule (nominally under Ottoman sovereignty).
22 Feb 1841 - 1841         Rebellion.
21 Aug 1866 - 30 Dec 1867  Rebellion against Ottoman rule. 
 2 Sep 1866                Union with Greece proclaimed by revolutionary assembly (no effect).
15 Feb 1868                Ottoman Sultan grants Crete a local organic law (by firman).
20 Dec 1877 - Oct 1878     Cretan rebellion seeking autonomy.
11 Feb 1878                Union with Greece proclaimed by revolutionary assembly (no effect).
25 Oct 1878                Semi-autonomous by Khalépa Convention (Pact of Halepa).
13 Jun 1889 - Nov 1898     Cretan rebellion against Ottoman rule. 
9-10 Feb 1897              British ships arrive off Heráklion.
10 Feb 1897                Austro-Hungarian and Russian ships arrive off the coast of
                             Crete. Ships of France and Italy arrive in following days.
12 Feb 1897 - 26 May 1897  Greek forces land, they withdraw on 26 May 1897.
15 Feb 1897                The occupying Allied International forces land and from 10 Apr 1897
                             divide Crete into four zones in which the respective power was to
                             guarantee the status quo: the Russians occupy Réthymnon (Retimo),
                             the British occupy Heráklion (Candia), the Italians occupy Chaniá
                             (Canea), and the French occupy Lasíthi (Lasithi). German forces
                             arrive 21 Feb 1897. German and Austrian troops withdraw from
                             Chaniá on 16 Mar and 12 Apr 1898 respectively.
16 Feb 1897                Commander of Greek forces declares annexation of Crete to Greece
                             (not effected).
20 Mar 1898                Cretan State (Kritikí Politeía/Girit Devleti)(under Ottoman
                             suzerainty).
19 Oct/Nov 1898            Ottoman troops evacuate the island.
 6 Oct 1908                Independence declared.
31 Jul 1909                International peace-keeping forces leave Crete.
30 May 1913                Incorporation into Greece (effective 1 Dec 1913; divided into
                             prefectures [nomós] of Iráklio, Réthymno, Chaniá, and Lassíthi;
                             from 1 Jan 2011, Kríti periféreia).
20May/1Jun 1941-8 May 1945 Occupied by Germany, eastern Crete (Lasíthi) is occupied
                             by Italy (from 9 Sep 1943 by Germany).

Emirs of Iqritiya (Crete)
827/28 - c.855             `Umar bin Hafs I bin Shu'ayb bin   (d. c. 855)
                             Isa al-Balluti "al-Ghaliz",
                             "al-Iqritishi" (= Apochapsis)
c.855 - c.880              Abu `Amr Shu'ayb bin `Umar bin
                            `Isa al-Balluti (= Saet or Saïpes)
c.880 - c.895              Abu `Abdallah `Umar II bin Shu'ayb
                             al-Balluti (= Babdel)
c.895 - c.910              Muhammad bin Shu'ayb al-Zarkun
                             al-Balluti (= Zerkounes)
c.910 - c.915              Yusuf bin `Umar II bin Shu'ayb
c.915 - c.925              `Ali bin Yusuf bin Umar
c.925 - c.940              Ahmad bin Umar bin Shu'ayb
c.940 - 943                Shu'ayb II bin Ahmad
943 - 949                  `Ali bin Ahmad 
949 -  6 Mar 961           `Abd al-`Aziz bin Shuayb II
                             ibn Umar "al-Qurtubi"
                             (= Kouroupas)
961 - 1206                 Byzantine rule (restored)
Genoese Governor (title Dominus Creti)
1206 - 1211                Enrico di Malta, conte di Malta    (d. 1230)
                             (Enrico "il Pescatore")
Venetian Dukes of Candia (title Duca di Candia)
1208 - 1216                Jacopo (Giacomo) Tiepolo           (b. 1170 - d. 1249)
1216 - 1218                Paolo Querini (1st time)
1218 - 1220                Domenico Delfino
1220 - 1222                Guido Michieli
1222 - 1224                Paolo Querini (2nd time)
1224 - 1226                Marino Soranzo
1226 - 1228                Giovanni Michieli
1228 - 1230                Giovanni Storlado
1230 - 1232                Nicolò Toniste
1232 - 1233                Bartolommeo Gradenigo
1234 - 1236                Angelo Gradenigo
1236 - 1241                Stefano Giustiniani 
1241 - 1243                Tommaso Dandolo
1243 - 1245                Jacopo Barozzi
1245 - 1249                Giovanni Zane
1249 - 1250                Marino Falier
1250 - 1252                Pietro Orio
1252 - 1254                Tommaso Giustiniani
1254 - 1255                Giovanni da Canale
1255 - 1259                Angelo Morosini
1259 - 1261                Giovanni Belegno (1st time)
1261 - 1262                Giacomo Dolfino
1262 - 1263                Nicolò Navigajoso
1263 - 1265                Marco Dandolo
1265 - 1269                Andrea Zeno
1269 - 1271                Pietro Badoer
1271 - 1272                Giovanni Belegno (2nd time)
1272 - 1274                Marino Zeno
1274 - 1276                Marino Morosini    
1276 - 1277                Pietro Zeno 
1277 - 1280                Marino Gradenigo (1st time)
1280 - 1282                Angelo Gabriel
1282 - 1283                Marino Gradenigo (2nd time)
1283 - 1285                Jacopo Dandolo
1285 - 1287                Pietro Giustiniani
1287 - 1290                Andrea da Molin
1290 - 1293                Albertino Morosini 
1293 - 1294                Ermolao Giunto
1294 - 1298                Andrea Dandolo
1298 - 1299                Jacopo Tiepolo
1299 - 1301                Vidale Michieli
28 Apr 1299 - 1321         Aléxios Kallérgis                   (d. 1321)
                             ("Lord of Crete")
1301 - 1303                Jacopo Barozzi
1303 - 1306                Guido da Canale (1st time)
1306 - 1306                Federigo Belletto Giustiniani
1308 - 1310                Guido da Canale (2nd time)
1310 - 1312                Nicolò Sanudo
1312 - 1313                Enrico Dandolo
1313 - 1315                Marino Badoer
1315 - 1317                Fantino Dandolo
1317 - 1319                Nicolò Lioni
1319 - 1321                Giustiniano Giustiniani
1329 - 1331                Mario Morosini
1321 - 1323                Tommaso Dandolo
1323 - 1325                Enrico Michieli
1325 - 1327                Filippo Belegno
1327 - 1329                Giovanni Morosini
1329 - 1331                Marino Morosini
1331 - 1332                Marco Gradenigo
1332 - 1334                Viago Zeno
1334 - 1336                Pietro Zeno
1336 - 1338                Giovanni Sanudo  
1338 - 1339                Giovanni Morosini
1339 - 10 Feb 1341         Nicolò Priuli
1341 - 1343                Andrea Corner
26 Oct 1343 - 24 Apr 1345  Pietro Miani    
24 Apr 1345 - 19 Aug 1347  Marco da Molin
20 Aug 1347 – 25 Nov 1348  Marco Corner                        (b. c.1286 – d. 1368)
25 Nov 1348 – 17 Sep 1350  Marino Grimani (1st time)   
24 Sep 1350 – 15 Aug 1352  Pietro Gradenigo 
20 Sep 1352 –  6 Sep 1355  Marino Morosini
 6 Sep 1355 - 20 Jul 1357  Goffredo Morosini    
30 Jul 1357 -  6 Aug 1358  Filippo Orio
22 Aug 1358 – 1359         Pietro Badoer
1359 - 1360                Andrea Dandolo
1360 - 1362                Marino Grimani (2nd time)  
1362 –  9 Aug 1363         Leonardo Dandolo
Governor and Rector of the Commune of Crete
Aug 1363 -  9 May 1364     Marco Gradenigo                    (b. c.1290 - d. 1364)
Venetian Dukes of Candia (title Duca di Candia)
1364 - 1366                Pietro Morosini
1366 - 1368                Pietro Mocenigo
1368 - 1370                Giovanni Gradenigo
1370 - 1372                Pietro Corner
1372 - 1374                Francesco Morosini
1374 - 1376                Giovanni Gradenigo
1376 - 1378                Andrea Zeno
1378 - 1381                Andrea Dandolo
1381 - 1383                Pietro Mocenigo
1383 - 1385                Donato Trono
1385 - 1387                Marco Zeno
1387 - 1389                Donato Moro (1st time)
1389 - 1391                Domenico Buono
1391 - 1393                Matteo Giustiniani
1393 - 1395                Pantaleone Barbo
1395 - 1397                Donato Moro (2nd time)
1397 - 1399                Guglielmo Quirini
1399 - 1401                Albano Badoer
1401 - 1403                Marco Falier     
1403 - 1405                Tommaso Mocenigo                   (b. 1343 - d. 1423)
1405 - 1405                Giovanni Bembo
1407 - 1409                Lodovico Morosini
1409 - 1411                Leonardo Trevisani
1411 - 1412                Leone Dandolo
1412 - 1415                Francesco Bembo
1415 - 1417                Pietro Civrano          
1417 - 1418                Egidio Morosini 
1418 - 1419                Jacopo Gussoni
1419 - 1421                Giovanni Loredano
1421 - 1422                Andrea Cornaro
1422 - 1423                Lorenzo Bragadino
1423 - 1424                Lorenzo Capello (vice-duke)
1424 - 1427                Francesco Loredano
1427 - 1429                Fantino Viaro
1429 - 1432                Leonardo Caravello
1432 - 1435                Marco Giustiniani
1435 - 1437                Marco Lippomano
1437 - 1439                Matteo Donato
1439 - 1441                Luca Trono
1441 - 1443                Andrea Mocenigo  
1443 - 1445                Tommaso Duodo                        
1445 - 1447                Andrea Donato
1447 - 1449                Antonio Diedo
1450 - 1453                Bernardo Balbi
1453 - 1456                Benedetto Vitturi 
1456 - 1459                Girardo Dandolo
1459 - 1462                Leonardo Duodo
1462 - 1464                Lorenzo Moro
1464 - 1465                Jacopo Corner
1465 - 1466                Domenico Marcello (vice-duke)
1466 - 1469                Bernardino Donato
1469 - 1472                Girolamo da Molin
1472 - 1473                Benedetto Gritti
1473 - 1475                Nicolò Cocco (vice-duke)
1475 - 1477                Eustachio Balbi
1477 - 1479                Giovanni Pisani
1479 - 1480                Jacopo Contarini
1480 - 1481                Marco Giustiniani
1481 - 1482                Fantino Giorgio (vice-duke)
1482 - 1484                Luca Navagero
1484 - 1487                Marino Garzoni
1487 - 1490                Nicolò Lioni
1490 - 1492                Bernardo Bembo
1492 - 1494                Lorenzo Venier
1494 - 1496                Domenico Bollani
1496 - 1498                Andrea Gabriel
1498                       Priamo Trono
1498 - 1499                Bernardo Giustiniani (vice-duke)
1499 - 1500                Luigi da Mula (vice-duke)
1500 - 1502                Marco Barbo
1502 -  4 Jun 1503         Giovanni Morosini                  (d. 1503)
 4 Jun 1503 - 1503         Luigi Venier (vice-duke)
1503 - 29 Mar 1505         Cosmo Pasqualigo                   (d. 1505)
1505 - 1506                Benedetto Sanudo (vice-duke)
1506 - 1508                Girolamo Donato
1508 - 1510                Luigi Arimondo
1510 - 1512                Paolo-Antonio Miani
1512 - 16 Jul 1512         Luigi Capello                      (b. c.1449 - d. 1512)
                             (did not arrive)
1513 - 1514                Luigi Malipiero                    (d. 1514)
1514 - 1516                Luigi Emo
1516 - 1517                Marco Orio
1517 - 1519                Antonio Loredano
1519 - 1520                Antonio Morosini                   (d. 1520?)
1520 - 1521                Marco Lando (vice-duke)
1521 - 1524                Marco Minio
1524 - 1526                Nicolò Giorgio
1526 - 1528                Bernardo Soranzo
1528 - 1530                Jacopo Corner
1530 - 1532                Nicolò Nani
1532 - 1534                Domenico Capello
1534 - 1536                Pietro Boldù
1536 - 1538                Antonio da Mula
1538 - 1540                Francisco Bernardo
1540 - 1542                Carlo Capello
1542 - 1544                Matteo Barbarigo
1544                       Marcantonio Contarini
1544 - 1546                Agostino Suriano
1546 - 1548                Dionisio Contarini
1548 - 1550                Sebastiano Venier                  (b. 1496 - d. 1578)
1550 - 1552                Luigi Renier                       (b. 1509 - d. 1560)
Nov 1552 - Nov 1554        Luigi Gritti
1554 -  1 May 1556         Salvatore Michieli                 (d. 1556)
1556 - 1558                Girolamo Cicogna                   (b. 1489 - d. 1569)
1558 - 1560                Girolamo Tagliapietro
1560 - 1562                Antonio Calbo
1562 - 1564                Marco Grimani
1564 - 1566                Daniele Barbaro
1566 - 24 Jul 1567         Francesco Soranzo
1567                       Paolo Giorgio (renounces office)
1567 - 1571                Pasquale Cicogna
1571 - 1573                Marco Grimani
1573 - 1574                Daniele Venier
1574 - 1576                Luigi Giustiniani
1576 - 1578                Marco Cicogna
1578 - 1580                Ermolao Tiepolo
1580 - 1582                Nicolò Salomono
1582 - 1584                Nicolò Donato
1584 - 1586                Lodovico Memo
1586 - 1588                Bernardo Navagero
1588 - 1590                Alberto Loredano
1590 - 1592                Girolamo Capello
1592 - 1594                Giovan-Domenico Cicogna
1594 - 1596                Marcantonio Venier
1596 - 1598                Pellegrino Bragadino
1598 - 1600                Pierfrancesco Malipiero
1600 - 1602                Jacopo Pesaro
1602 - 1604                Giovanni Sagredo  
1604 - 1606                Giambattista Michieli
1606 - 1608                Giovanmatteo Girardi
1608 - 1610                Delfino Venier
1610 - 1612                Agostino Michieli
1612 - 1614                Francesco Morosini
1614 - 1616                Bernardo Venier
1616 - 1617                Carlo Belegno
1617 - 1619                Donato Morosini
1619 - 1621                Francesco Zeno
1621 - 1623                Nicolò da Ponte
1623 - 1625                Marino Pesaro
1625 - 1627                Leonardo Foscolo
1627 - 1629                Marco Gradenigo
1629 - 1631                Lazaro Mocenigo
1631 - 1634                Giambattista Foscolo
1634 - 1635                Giambattista Grimani
1635 - 1637                Giovanni da Ponte
1637 - 1639                Paolo Donato
1639 - 1641                Nicolò Lippomano
1641 - 1644                Bernardo Marcello
1644 - 1646                Bernardo Morosini
1646 - 1648                Cipriano Civrano
1648 - 1649                Jacopo Barbaro
1649 - 1650                Luca-Francesco Barbaro
1650 - 1653                Giuseppe Morosini
1653 - 1655                Giovannandrea Pasqualigo
1655 - 1657                Girolamo Lippomano
1657 - 1659                Giorgio Corner
1659 - 1663                Zaccaria Mocenigo
1663 - 1665                Jacopo Loredano
1665 - 1667                Francesco Battagia
1667 - 1669                Jacopo Contarini
General Superintendents of the Kingdom of Candia
(title Provveditore generale nel regno di Candia)
1569? - 1571               Lorenzo da Mula
May 1571 - 1573            Marino Cavalli
1573 - 1574                Luca Michiel
Sep 1574 - 1577            Giacomo Foscarini
1577 - 1580                Luca Michiel
1580 - 1583                Francesco Molin
Mar 1583 - Dec 1585        Alvise Grimani
1586 - 1588                Zuane Mocenigo
1588 - 1591                Alvise Giustiniani
1591 - 1593                Giovanni Mocenigo
1594 - 1598                Nicolò Donà
1598 - 1601                Benetto Moro
1601 - 1603?               Alvise Priuli
bf.May 1606 - af.Apr 1608  Nicolò Sagredo
1608 - 1610                Girolamo Capello
1610 - 1614                Giovanni Giacomo Zane
1614 - 1615                Zuane Pasqualigo                   (b. 1550 - d. 1618)
1615 - af.Aug 1618         Pietro Bondumier
1618 - 1621                Marc'Antonio Venier
1621 - 1625                Gerolamo Trevisan
fall 1625 - 1628           Francesco Morosini
1628 - Dec 1631            Francesco Molin                    (b. 1575 - d. 1645)
1631 - 1636                Lorenzo Contarini
1636 - af.Oct 1639         Giuseppe Civran
1640 - 1643                Michele Priuli
1643 - af.Feb 1646         Andrea Corner                      (d. 1646)
1646 - Feb 1648            Niccolò Dolfin                     (b. 1592 - d. 1669)
1648                       Alvise Mocenigo
1648 - 1650                Antonio Lippomano                  (b. 1590 - d. 1666)
1650 - 1652                Giorgio Morosini
1652 - 1653                Giacomo da Riva
1653 - 1654                Marco Molin
1654 - 1655                Andrea Corner
Sep 1655 - 1657            Francesco Morosini                 (b. 1616 - d. 1684)
1657 - 1660                Luca Francesco Barbaro
 4 Mar 1660 - 1662         Marco Bembo
1662 - 1664                Niccolò Corner
1664 - 1666                Antonio Priuli
1666 - 1668                Antonio Barbaro
Jan 1668 - 22 Jun 1668     Bernardo Nani                      (d. 1668)
Jun 1668 - 31 Jan 1669     Girolamo Battaglia
1699                       Daniele Morosini
                           + Lorenzo Donà
Apr 1668 - 13 May 1669     Caterino Corner                    (b. 1624 - d. 1669)
                             (provveditore generale da Mar)
1669 - 27 Sep 1669         Andrea Corner 
                             (provveditore generale da Mar)
Venetian Superintendents of Suda
(Provveditori alla Suda)
1569 - 1572                Luca Michiel
c.1574 - c.1575            Davide Bembo
c.1575 - c.1577            Andrea Bembo
c.1579                     Pietro Longo
c.1584                     Gian Antonio Bon
1596?                      Giobanni Lippomano
c.1599                     Ambrogio Corner
c.Sep 1601                 Marino Bondumier
c.1620                     Francesco Tiepolo
1621 - 16..                Angelo Gabriel
c.Jul 1645 - c.Aug 1645    Michele Malipiero
                           + Gerolamo Minotto (Aug-Sep 1645)
c.Dec 1645 - c.Jan 1646    Filipo Molin
                           + Marino Bragadin (Oct 1645)
c.Feb 1646                 Gerolamo Minotto
1646 - 16..                Zaccaria Balbi
c.1647                     Girolamo Donà
c.1649                     Pietro Diedo
c.Jul 1655                 Giovanni Briani
c.Jun 1656 - c.Jul 1660    Francesco Bragadin
c.Mar 1661 - c.Dec 1661    Francesco Bragadin
c.Mar 1662                 Francesco Battaglia
c.Mar 1664 - c.Jun 1666    Giacomo Barbarigo
c.Mar 1667 - c.Aug 1670    Leonardo Venier
c.Jun 1670 - c.May 1672    Gerolamo Pesaro
c.Jun 1672 - c.Sep 1672    Benedetto Barbarigo
c.Sep 1672 - c.May 1673    Paolo Nani
c.Jun 1674 - c.May 1677    Vincenzo Vendramin
1677? - c.1678             Lorenzo Venier
c.1678 - c.May 1681        Andrea Navagero
c.Aug 1682 - c.Jul 1683    Giorgio Benzoni                     (d. 1695)
c.Aug 1683 - c.Dec 1684    Pietro Querini
c.1685 - c.Apr 1688        Luigi Marcello                      (b. 1642 - d. 17..)
c.Feb 1689 - c.Jan 1692    Angelo Michiel
1692 - c.Dec 1694          Imperial Contarini
c.Dec 1694                 Imperial Contarini
c.Nov 1695 - c.Nov 1697    Federico Badoer
c.Mar 1698 - c.Sep 1700    Gerolamo Morosini
c.Sep 1700 - c.Jun 1703    Andrea Corner
c.Jun 1703 - c.Sep 1705    Pietro Marcello
Oct 1705 - c.Oct 1708      Bartolomeo Moro
c.Apr 1709 - c.Jan 1712    Leonardo Bondumier
c.Jul 1711 - c.1712        Giovanni Francesco Badoer
1712 - 171.                Paolo Pasqualigo                    (b. 1663 - d. 17..)
c.Nov 1713 - 14 Sep 1715   Alvise Magno
Venetian Superintendents of Spinalonga 
(Provveditori alla Spinalonga)
c.Oct 1600 - c.Dec 1600    Bernardino Baffo
c.Mar 1660 - c.Mar 1662    Giorgio Premarin
c.Aug 1663                 Giacomo Loredan
c.Jan 1664                 Giorgio De Mezo
c.Jan 1670 - c.Apr 1670    Daniele Morosini 
c.Nov 1670 - c.Apr 1671    Pietro Badoer
c.Aug 1680 - c.Feb 1682    Benedetto Lion
c.Apr 1683 - c.May 1685    Ottaviano Loredan
c.Apr 1686 - c.Oct 1686    Giuseppe Centani
c.Mar 1687                 Domenico Diedo
c.Dec 1689 - c.Mar 1691    Gian Antonio Bembo
c.Mar 1691 - c.Mar 1692    Vincenzo Rota
c.Mar 1692 - c.Mar 1693    Gerolamo Michiel
17.. -  4 Oct 1715         Gian Francesco Giustiniani
Venetian Superintendents of Grabusa
(Provveditori alla Grabusa)
1584 - 1585                Francesco Molin                    (b. 1546 - d. 1598)
c.1585                     Antonio Lippomano
c.1595                     Girolamo Molin
1595? - 1597               Pietro Marcello
1597 - c.1599              Francisco Belegno
c.Jul 1670                 Nicolò De Mezo
c.1672                     Domenico Diedo (1st time)
c.Jun 1675 - c.Jul 1678    Ruggero Zen
c.Nov 1680 - c.Nov 1682    Domenico Dido (2nd time)
c.Jun 1683 - c.Nov 1683    Giovanni Battaglia
c.Apr 1685 - c.Apr 1686    Domenico Malipiero
c.Jul 1688                 Zaccaria Bembo
c.Jul 1690 - 1691          Francesco Donà
Walis (governors) of Girit
1693 - 1695                Çelebi Ismail Pasha
1699/1700                  Hasan Pasha
1701 - 1704                Kalaylikoz Ahmed Pasha             (b. 1645 - d. 1715)
1704                       Abdullah Pasha
1713                       Hüseyin Pasha
1713                       Kara Mehmet Pasha
1718 - 1719                Köprülü Numan Pasha                (d. 1719)
                             (= Numan Pashë Kypriljoti)
1719 - 1720                Morali Ali Pasha (1st time)        (d. 1735)
1720                       Çerkes Osman Pasha
1723 - 1724                Osman Pasha
1724 - 1725                Hüseyin Pasha
1725                       Morali Ali Pasha (2nd time)        (s.a.)
1725 - 1726                Koca Mehmet Pasha
1726                       Morali Ali Pasha (3rd time)        (s.a.)
1726                       Osman Pasha
1728 - 1729                Haci Halil Pasha (1st time)        (b. 1655 - d. 1733)
1730 - 1731                Mehmet Pasha
1731                       Shahin Mehmet Pasha
1731 - 1732                Azimzade Ismail Pasha
1732 – 1733                Haci Halil Pasha (2nd time)        (s.a.)
1733 – 1734                Morali Ali Pasha (4th time)        (s.a.)
1734 - 1735                Hafiz Ahmet Pasha
1735 - 1736                Haci Huseyin Pasha
1736 - 1737                Ismail Pasha
1737 - 1740                Haci Ivazade Mehmed Pasha          (b. 1675 - d. 1743)
                             (1st time)
1740 - 1741                Hüseyin Pasha
1742                       Sari Mehmet Pasha
1742 - 1743                Haci Ivazade Mehmed Pasha          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1743 - 1745                Numan Pasha
1745 - 1746                Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha                (b. 1689 – d. 1758)
1746 - 1747                Köprülüzade Ahmed Pasha
1747 - 1750                Elçi Mustafa Pasha
1750                       Mustafa Pasha
1750 - 1751                Ibrahim Pasha
1751 - 1754                Numan Pasha
1754 - 1755                Melek Mehmet Pasha                 (b. 1719 - d. 1802)
1755                       Mehmed Said Pasha
1755 - 1757                Naili Abdullah Pasha               (d. 1758)
1757 - 1758                Mehmed Pasha
1758 - 1764                Kiamil Ahmet Pasha
1764 – 1766                Tosun Mehmet Pasha
1766 - 1768                Hüsnü Pasha
1768 – 1769                Feyzullah Pasha
1769 - 1770                Tokmakzade Hasan Pasha
Rebel Leader in Sfakía
 4 Apr 1770 - 17 Jun 1771  Ioánnis Vláchos "Daskalogiánnis"   (b. 1725 - d. 1771)
Walis (governors) of Girit (Crete)
1771 - 1773                Ampra Süleyman Pasha
1773 - 1774                Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha         (b. 1713 - d. 1790)
1774                       Ibrahim Pasha (1st time)
1774 - 1776                Dervish Ali Pasha
1776 - 1778                Kara Ahmed Pasha
1778                       Ibrahim Pasha (2nd time)
1778 – 1779                Hacizade Mustafa Pasha (1st time)
1779                       Mirahor Mustafa Pasha
1779 - 1780                Mehmet Emin Pasha
1780                       Hacizade Mustafa Pasha (2nd time)
1781 - 1782                Raif Ismail Pasha                  (d. 1785)
1782 - 1783                Aslan Pasha
1783                       Kassupis Seyit Ali Pasha
1783 - 1784                Abdullah Pasha
1784 - 1786                Ekmezi Mehmet Pasha (1st time)
1786 – 1787                Zorlu Süleyman Pasha
1787                       Mehmed Pasha
1787                       Hacizade Mustafa Pasha (3rd time)
1787 – 1788                Mehmed Izzet Pasha
1788 - 1789                Ekmezi Mehmet Pasha (2nd time)
1789                       Azamzade Abdullah Pasha
1789 - 1790                Yusuf Pasha
1790 - 1793                Hüseyin Pasha
1793 - 1797                Hasan Pasha
1797                       Ferhat Pasha
1797 – 1798                Sait Hafiz Pasha (1st time)
1798 - 1799                Mehmet Hakki Pasha
1799 - 1801                Tahir Pasha
1801 - 1802                Sami Pasha
1802 - 1803                Ardinli Mehmed Pasha
1803                       Abdullah Dervis Pasha
1803 – 1804                Mustafa Hasip Pasha
1804 – 1805                Mehmet Hüsrev Pasha                (b. 1769 - d. 1855)
1805                       Vani Mehmed Pasha
1805 – 1806                Osman Pasha
1806 – 1807                Sait Hafiz Pasha (2nd time)
1807 - 1808                Kadri Pasha (1st time)
1808 – 1809                Marashli Ali Pasha
1809 – 1810                Kadri Pasha (2nd time)
1810 - 1811                Hafiz Pasha
1811 – 1812                Sami Bekir Pasha
1812 - 1815                Kürt Haci Osman Pasha
1815 - 1816                Ibrahim Pasha
1816 - 1819                Vahit Fazil Pasha
1819 - 1820                Ibrahim Hilmi Pasha                (b. 1747 - d. 1825)
1820                       Serif Pasha
1820 - 1826                Said Lütfullah Pasha
1826 - 1829                Kara Süleyman Pasha
1829 - 1830                Mehmet Zehrap Pasha
Head of the Council of Sfakiá (in rebellion)
21 May 1821 - 11 Nov 1821  Dimítrios Flampouriáris (Flambouriáris)
Heads of Provisional State of the Island of Crete (in rebellion)
Nov 1821 - 22 Nov 1822     Michaíl Komninós Afentoúlis        (b. 1769 - d. 1855)
                             (Afentoúlief)
Commissioners (Prefects) of Crete for the Greek Government (in rebellion)
22 Nov 1822 - 21 May 1823  Neófytos Oikonómou                 (b. 1787 - d. 1833)
                             (acting to Feb 1823)
22 May 1823 - 12 Apr 1824  Emmanouíl Tompázis                 (b. 1784 - d. 1831)
Heads of the Revolutionary Council of Crete (in rebellion)
 9 Aug 1825 -  5 Jan 1828  Ioánnis Chális                     (d. 1828)
 5 Jan 1828 - 18 May 1828  Chatzimichális Ntaliánis           (b. 1775 - d. 1828)
                             (Daliánis)
Commissioners of the Greek Government in Crete (in rebellion)
Jun 1828 - Sep 1829        Fríntrich Éntouarnt Ráinek         (b. 1796 - d. 1854)
                             (= Friedrich Eduard von Rheineck)
Sep 1829 - Oct 1829        ... Hahn
Oct 1829 - Feb 1830        Nikólaos Reniéris                  (b. 1758 - d. 1847)
Walis (governors) of Girit (Crete)
1830 - 1851                Mustafa Naili Pasha (1st time)     (b. 1798 - d. 1871)
Oct 1851 - Sep 1852        Salih Vamik Pasha                  (d. 1861)
1852 - 1855                Mehmed Emin Pasha
Mar 1855 - 1857            Veliyeddin Rifat Pasha             (b. 1821 - d. 1891)
1857 – 1858                Abdurrahman Sami Pasha             (b. 1794 - d. 1882)
1858 – 1859                Hüseyin Hüsnü Pasha                (d. 1877)
Jan 1860 - May 1861        Ismail Rahmi Pasha                 (b. 1806 - d. 1875)
May 1861 - 1866            Hekim Ismail Pasha                 (b. 1807 - d. 1880)
Leaders (in rebellion)
21 Aug 1866 - Sep 1866     Dimítrios Kallérgis                (b. 1803 - d. 1867)
1866 - 1868                Triumvirate
                           - Ioánnis Zymvrakákis (in Chaniá)  (b. 1818 - d. 1913)
                           - Pános Koronaíos (in Rethýmnou)   (b. 1809 - d. 1899)
                           - Michális Kórakas (in Lasíthi)    (b. 1797 - d. 1882)
Walis (governors) of Girit (Crete)
1866 – 1867                Mustafa Naili Pasha (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1867                       Hüseyin Avni Pasha (1st time)      (b. 1819 - d. 1876)
1867                       Ömer Lütfi Pasha                   (b. 1806 - d. 1871)
1867 – 1868                Hüseyin Avni Pasha (2nd time)      (s.a.)
1868 - 1869                Arif Efendi (acting)
 8 Mar 1869 - 1870         Ömer Fevzi Pasha (1st time)        (b. 1818 - d. 1878)
1870 - 1871                Rauf Pasha (1st time)
1871 - 1872                Ömer Fevzi Pasha (2nd time)        (s.a.)
1872                       Redif Pasha (1st time)
1872 - 1873                Mehmed Esat Safvet Pasha           (b. 1814 - d. 1883)
1873 – 1874                Rauf Pasha (2nd time)
1874 - 1875                Hasan Samih Pasha (1st time)       (b. 1830 - d. 1890)
1875                       Redif Pasha (2nd time)
1875 - 1876                Ahmed Muhtar Pasha                 (b. 1839 - d. 1919)
1876 - 1877                Hasan Samih Pasha (2nd time)       (s.a.)
1877 – 1878                Kostaki Adosidis Pasha             (b. 1819 – d. 1895)
                             (= Kostákis Adosídis)
1878                       Ahmed Mukhtar Pasha (2nd time)     (s.a.)
27 Nov 1878 - 14 Dec 1878  Aleksandros Karatheodoris Pasha    (b. 1833 – d. 1906)
                             (= Aléxandros Karatheodorís)
                             "Iskander Pasha" (1st time)
Dec 1878 - Jun 1885        Yanko Fotiyadis (Photiades) Pasha  (d. 1892)
                             (= Ioánnis Fotiádis)
Jun 1885 – Jan 1887        Yannis Sava Pasha                  (b. 1832 - d. 1904)
                             (= Ioánnis Savvás)
Jan 1887 – 1888            Kostaki Antopulos Pasha            (b. 1835 - d. 1902)
                             (= Kostákis Anthópoulos)
1888 –  4 Aug 1889         Nikolaki Sartinki Pasha
                             (= Nikólaos Saríkni)
13 Jun 1889 -  8 Jul 1889  Mahmud Celaleddin Pasha            (b. 1839 - d. 1899)
                             (special commissioner)
 4 Aug 1889 - 13 Aug 1889  Hasan Riza Pasha (interim)         (b. 1809 - d. 1877)
13 Aug 1889 – Jul 1890     Mehmed Shakir Pasha                (b. 1855 - d. 1914)
Jul 1890 –  8 Sep 1891     Ahmed Cevad Pasha (1st time)       (b. 1851 - d. 1900)
 8 Sep 1891 - 13 Aug 1894  Mahmud Celaleddin Pasha            (s.a.)
13 Aug 1894 – Mar 1895     Turhan Pasha Përmeti (1st time)    (b. 1839 - d. 1927)
Mar 1895 -  6 Mar 1896     Aleksandros Karatheodoris Pasha    (s.a.)
                             "Iskander Pasha" (2nd time)
 6 Mar 1896 - 21 May 1896  Turhan Pasha Përmeti (2nd time)    (s.a.)
21 May 1896 - 28 Jun 1896  Kölemen Abdullah Pasha             (b. 1846 - d. 1937)
28 Jun 1896 – 13 Feb 1897  Berovich Pasha                     (b. 1845 – d. 1897)
                             (= Geórgios Vérovits) 
12 Feb 1897 - 26 May 1897  Timoléon Vássos                    (b. 1836 - d. 1929)
                             (commander of Greek expeditionary force)
13 Feb 1897 - 18 Feb 1897  Muşavir Ismail Bey (acting)
18 Feb 1897 - 24 Jul 1897  Fotyadi Karatodori
                             (= Fotiadi Karatheodorís)
24 Jul 1897 - 23 Jan 1898  Ahmed Cevad Pasha (2nd time)       (s.a.)
23 Jan 1898 - 29 Oct 1898  Edhem Pasha                        (b. 1844 - d. 1909)
President of the Central Political Committee of Crete
 3 Sep 1895 - 1896         Manoúsos Koúndouros (in rebellion) (b. 1860 - d. 1933)
Chairman of the General Revolutionary Assembly of the Cretans'
26 Jul 1896 - 17 Oct 1896  Kostarós "Kóstas" Voloudákis       (b. 1806 - d. 1900)
                             (in rebellion)
President of the Revolutionary Committee
17 Aug 1896 - 1897         Manoúsos Koúndouros                (s.a.)
                             (in rebellion)
Head of the Provisional Government of Chaniá
24 Jan 1897 -  3 Feb 1897  Antónios Sífakas (in rebellion)
Chairmen of the International Council of Admirals of the Great Powers
17 Feb 1897 -  5 Jun 1898  Felice Napoleone Canevaro,         (b. 1838 - d. 1926)
                             conte di Santandero (Italy)
 5 Jun 1898 - 21 Dec 1898  Édouard Pottier (France)           (b. 1839 - d. 1903)
President of the Executive Commission of the Cretan Assembly
20 Mar 1898 - 21 Dec 1898  Ioánnis Konstantínou Sfakianákis   (b. 1848 - d. 1924)
                             (Sphakianákis)
Supreme Plenipotentiary Commissioners of the Powers
21 Dec 1898 - 30 Sep 1906  prínkipas Geórgios                 (b. 1869 - d. 1959)
                             (= Prince Georgios of Greece)
 1 Oct 1906 - 30 Sep 1911  Aléxandros Thrasývoulou Zaïmis     (b. 1855 - d. 1936) 
                             (left Crete on 24 Sep 1908)
 1 Oct 1908 - Aug 1909     Antónios Michelidákis              (b. 1844 - d. 1923)
                             (president of executive committee; in dissidence)
30 Sep 1911 - 30 May 1913  Vacant
 2 Mar 1912 - 11 Oct 1912  Antónios Michelidákis              (s.a.)   
                             (president of general committee; in dissidence)
Governor-general
11 Oct 1912 - 30 May 1913  Stéfanos Dragoúmis                 (b. 1842 - d. 1923) 
General Administrators of Crete
24 Oct 1912 - 21 Jun 1913  Stéfanos Dragoúmis                 (b. 1842 - d. 1923)
21 Jun 1913 -  7 Oct 1913  Geórgios Ploumídis (acting)        (b. 1866 - d. 1913)
 7 Oct 1913 - 29 Mar 1915  Loukás Kanakáris-Roúfos            (b. 1878 - d. 1949)