Ukraine               31 Jan 1667 - 22 Jan 1918              20 Nov 1917 - 29 Apr 1918     29 Apr 1918 - 7 May 1921 (Non-Communist Ukraine)      10/14 Mar 1919 - 30 Dec 1922 (Communist Ukraine)                       30 Dec 1922 - 25 Dec 1991             4 Sep 1991 - 21 Jan 1992 (Co-national flag)                   Adopted 4 Sep 1991          (co-national flag to 21 Jan 1992)    Map of Ukraine Hear National Anthem "Shche ne vmerla Ukraina" (Ukraine's Glory Has Not Perished)  Text of National Anthem 1917-1920 (non-communist) Re-adopted 1991 Constitution   (28 Jun 1996) Capital: Kiev (Kyiv) Currency: Hryvnia (UAH) National Holiday: 24 Aug  (1991) Independence Day Population: 46,299,862 (2007) GDP: $364.3 billion (2006) Exports: $38.8 billion (2006) Imports: $44.1 billion (2006) Ethnic groups: Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian  0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001)  Total Armed Forces: 3295,500 (2003) Former Nuclear Power: 5,000 weapons (1991-1996) Merchant marine: 202 ships (2006) Religions: Ukrainian Orthodox - Kyiv Patriarchate 19%, Orthodox (no particular jurisdiction) 16%, Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate 9%, Ukrainian Greek Catholic 6%, Ukrainian  Autocephalous Orthodox 1.7%, Protestant, Jewish, none 38% (2004) International Organizations/Treaties: ACS (observer), AG, ANT, APM, BSEC, BTWC, CBSS (observer), CE, CEI, CIS, CTBT, DC, EAPC, EBRD, ENMOD, Eurasec (observer), FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, Intersputnik, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC, KP, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MTCR, NAM (observer), NSG, NPT, NTBT, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SECI (observer), UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Ukraine Index Chronology               862                        Grand Principality of Kiev Rus' 1024 - 1356                Chernigov nominally under Kiev (from 1239                              under Mongol supremacy) ruled by                              princes of the Ryurikovich dynasty. 1036 - 1340                Volyn, nominally under Kiev (from 1241                              under Mongol supremacy) ruled by                              princes of the Ryurikovich dynasty. 1054 - 1362                Pereyaslavl', nominally under Kiev,                              (from 1239 under Mongol supremacy) ruled                               by princes of the Ryurikovich dynasty. 1097 - 1355                Novgorod Severskiy, nominally under Kiev,                              (from 1239 under Mongol supremacy) ruled                               by princes of the Ryurikovich dynasty. Dec 1327/Feb 1241          The Mongols subdue most of the regional                               principalities of Kiev Rus' (Kiev itself                               6 Dec 1240, although the Grand prince's                              capital was transferred to Vladimir na Vyazma                              in 1169). 1340/1363                  Most of northern Ukraine (from 1362, Kiev)                               part of Lithuania.  4 Jul 1569                By the Union of Lublin, Ukrainian lands                               transferred from Lithuania to Poland. 24 May 1648                Revolution against Poland. Aug 1649                   In the Treaty of Zboriv recognized by Poland as                               autonomous Hetmanate, known as the Ukrainian                              Cossack Republic. 18 Jan 1654                Under Russian sovereignty by the Treaty of                               Pereyaslav.  6 Sep 1658                Under Polish sovereignty by the Treaty of                               Hadyach. 17 Jun 1663                Split in the pro-Russian Left-Bank Hetmanate                               (east of the Dnieper River) and the pro-Polish                              Right-Bank Hetmanate (west of the Dnieper). 31 Jan 1667                In the Treaty of Andrusovo provisionally                               partitioned between Poland and Russia. Russia                               obtained Left-Bank (including Kiev and                               Zaporizhzhya), Poland retains Right-Bank                               (partition confirmed by the Eternal Peace                               of 1686). Aug 1672 - 1699            Braclaw together with Podolya (Podolia) under                              Ottoman rule. 1780                       Hetmanate incorporated into Russia. 1793 - 1795                Polish parts of Ukraine annexed by Russia in the                              Second and Third Partitions of the                               Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. 28 Jun 1917                Declares itself autonomous within Russia. 20 Nov 1917                Ukrainian Democratic Republic 25 Dec 1917                Ukrainian People's Republic (communist)                              (independence from Russia). 22 Jan 1918                Ukrainian People's Republic (non-communist)                               (independence from Russia). 27 Jan 1918 -  1 Mar 1918  Soviet Russian occupation.  1 Mar 1918 - 16 Dec 1918  German and Austro-Hungarian occupation. 18 Apr 1918 - Nov 1918     Communist state dissolved following Treaty of                              Brest-Litovsk. 29 Apr 1918                Ukrainian State 29 Apr 1918                Hetmanate of Ukraine 14 Dec 1918                Ukrainian People's Republic (non-communist)                              (restored). 18 Dec 1918 -  8 Apr 1919  Allied occupation of Odessa.  6 Jan 1919                Ukrainian Socialist Conciliar Republic founded.  7 May 1921                Non-communist Ukraine absorbed by Soviet Ukraine. 30 Dec 1922                Founding component of the Soviet Union                             (later as Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic). 25 Jun 1941 -  2 Feb 1944  Occupied by Germany (Reichskommissariat                              Ukraine created on 1 Sep 1941). 30 Jun 1941 -  9 Jul 1941  Ukrainian State (not recognized, disbanded by                              Germany). 26 Apr 1986                Chernobyl nuclear power plant explodes. 16 Jul 1990                State sovereignty declared by Ukraine. 24 Aug 1991                Declaration of independence (confirmed on                              1 Dec 1991). 25 Dec 1991                Independence effective (dissolution of the                               U.S.S.R.). Ukraine (since 1991) Ukraine Admin. Divisions Crimea Kiev Province in Poland-Lithuania (1340-1795) Hetmanate (1648-1775) Non-Communist Ukraine (1917-1920) Ukraine State in Exile (1920-1992) Ukrainian S.S.R. (1919-1991) Odessa Soviet (1918) Donetsko- Krivorogian Soviet  (1918) Reichskommissariat Ukraine (1941-1944) Western Ukraine (1918-1919) --------- Galitzia S.S.R. (1920) ---------- Lemko-Rusyn (1918-1920) Bukovina (1774-1918) Carpatho-Ukraine (Ruthenia) (1918-1939) Kaffa (Caffa) (1204-1477) Other Ukrainian Polities 1917-1921 Ukrainian Republic of the Far East "Green Ukraine" (1918 - 1922) Map of Administrative Divisions Historical Maps of Ukraine Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church Orthodox Church of Ukraine

Kiev Province in Poland-Lithuania

Governors (Wojewodowie Kijewski)
1684 - 1702                Marcin Kazimierz Katski            (b. 1636 - d. 1710)
1702 - 1744                Józef Potocki                      (b. 1673 - d. 1751)
1744 - 1756                Stanislaw Potocki                  (b. 1698 - d. 1760)
1756 - 1772                Franciszek Salezy Potocki          (b. 1700 - d. 1772)
1772                       .... (acting)
1772 - 1785                Prince Stanislaw Lubomirski        (b. 1704 - d. 1793)
1785 - 1791                Józef Piotr Stepkowski             (d. 1791)
1791 - 1791                Prince Józef Lubomirski (acting)   (b. 1751 - d. 1817)
1791 - 25 Nov 1795         Antoni Protazy Potocki             (b. 1761 - d. 1801)

                        to 1775

                     

     
af.1392                    Southern border areas of the provinces of Kiev and Braclav,
                             conquered by Lithuania organized as a military district called
                             the 'Zaporozhian troops' (Vijsko Zaporizke) comprised of 

                             Cossacks. Since 1550 these Cossacks were led by a (self-elected)

                             Hetman.

 2 May 1648                Rebellion against Poland. 

Aug 1649                   In the Treaty of Zboriv recognized by Poland as an autonomous 

                             Hetmanate, known as the Ukrainian Cossack Republic

                             (covering Kiev, Braclav and Chernigiv voevodships).

28 Sep 1651                Braclav and Chernigiv restored to Polish administration.

18 Jan 1654                Under Russian sovereignty by the Treaty of Pereyaslav.

 6 Sep 1658                Under Polish sovereignty by the Treaty of Hadyach.

17 Jun 1663                Split in the pro-Russian Left-Bank Hetmanate (east of the Dnieper

                             River) and the pro-Polish Right-Bank Hetmanate (west of the

                             Dnieper River).

31 Jan 1667                In the Treaty of Andrusovo provisionally partitioned between 

                             Poland and Russia. Russia obtained Left-Bank (including Kiev and 

                             Zaporizhzhya), Poland retained Right-Bank (partition confirmed

                             by the Eternal Peace in 1686).

Aug 1672 - 1699            Braclaw together with Podolya (Podolia) under

                             Ottoman rule.

1676                       Right-Bank Hetmanate abolished by Poland.

1681 - 1684                Molodvan administration

1708 - 1709                Independence from Russia.

1713 - 1739                Zaporizhzhya ceded by Russia to Crimea.

1722 - 1727                Direct Russian administration. 

1734 - 1750                Direct Russian administration.

1764                       Direct Russian administration.

1780                       Incorporated into Russia.

28 Jun 1917                Autonomy declared within Russia.
20 Nov 1917                Ukrainian National Republic proclaimed.
22 Jan 1918                Ukrainian People's Republic (independence from Russia).
27 Jan 1918 -  1 Mar 1918  Soviet Russian occupation (government to Zhitomir).
29 Apr 1918                Ukrainian State
 1 Mar 1918 - 16 Dec 1918  Austro-German occupation; Germans in Volyniya (24 Feb), Kiev (Mar),
                             Chernigov (12 Mar), Poltava (30 Mar), Kharkov (8 Apr), and
                             Taurida and Crimea (22 Apr); Austrians in Podoliya (28 Feb),
                             Kherson and Odessa (12 Mar), Rostov and Ekaterinoslav (4 Apr).
14 Dec 1918                Ukrainian People's Republic (restored).
 7 May 1921                Absorbed by Communist Ukraine (see below).
Jun 1941 - 1944            Occupied by Germany (see below).
30 Jun 1941 -  9 Jul 1941  Ukrainian State proclaimed (not recognized, disbanded
                             by German occupation forces).

Chairman of the Central Rada (Council)
14 Aug 1914 - 18 May 1915  Kost' Levytsky                     (b. 1859 - d. 1941)
                            (in exile in Lemberg [L'viv], Austria-Hungary)
Chairman of General Ukrainian Rada
18 May 1915 - 27 Mar 1917  Kost' Levytsky                     (s.a.)
                            (in exile in Vienna, Austria-Hungary)
Chairman of the Central Rada
27 Mar 1917 - 29 Apr 1918  Mykhailo Serhiiovych Hrushevsky    (b. 1866 - d. 1934)   USRP
                             (arrived 29 Mar 1917)
27 Mar 1917 - 29 Mar 1917  Volodymyr Pavlovych Naumenko       (b. 1852 - d. 1919)
                           + Serhiy Oleksandrovych Yefremov   (b. 1876 - d. 1939)
                           (acting for Hrushevsky)
Hetman
29 Apr 1918 - 14 Dec 1918  Pavlo Petrovych Skoropadsky        (b. 1873 - d. 1945)   Mil
Chairmen of the Directory
14 Dec 1918 - 11 Feb 1919  Volodymyr Kyrylovych Vynnychenko   (b. 1880 - d. 1951)   USDRP
11 Feb 1919 -  7 May 1921  Symon Vasylovych Petlyura          (b. 1879 - d. 1926)   USRP
                             (provisional to 15 Feb 1919)
President
30 Jun 1941 -  9 Jul 1941  Stepan Andriiovych Bandera         (b. 1909 - d. 1959)   OUN
                             (in Lvov, in rebellion)

General Secretary of the Central Council
15 Jun 1917 - 24 Oct 1917  Volodymyr Kyrylovych Vynnychenko   (s.a.)                USDRP
Chief minister
24 Oct 1917 - 22 Jan 1918  Vsevolod Oleksandrovych Holubovych (b. 1885 - d. 1939)   USRP 
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
22 Jan 1918 - 28 Apr 1918  Vsevolod Oleksandrovych Holubovych (s.a.)                USRP
29 Apr 1918 - 30 Apr 1918  Mykola Illich Sakhno-Ustymovych    (b. 1863 - d. 1918) 
30 Apr 1918 - 10 May 1918  Mykola Prokopovych Vasylenko       (b. 1866 - d. 1935)   KDP
10 May 1918 - 14 Nov 1918  Fedir Andriiovych Lyzohub          (b. 1851 - d. 1928)   Oct
14 Nov 1918 - 14 Dec 1918  Serhii Mykolaiovych Gerbel         (b. 1865 - d. 19..)
14 Dec 1918 - 26 Dec 1918  Vacant
26 Dec 1918 - 13 Feb 1919  Volodymyr Musiyovych Chekhivsky    (b. 1876 - d. 1938)   USDRP 
13 Feb 1919 -  9 Apr 1919  Serhii Stepanovych Ostapenko       (b. 1881 - d. 1937)
 9 Apr 1919 - 27 Aug 1919  Borys Mykolaiovych Martos          (b. 1879 - d. 1977)   USDRP 
27 Aug 1919 - 20 May 1920  Isaak Prokhorovych Mazepa          (b. 1884 - d. 1952)   USDRP 
20 May 1920 - 20 Oct 1920  Vyacheslav Konstantinovych         (b. 1881 - d. 1942)   UPSF
                             Prokopovych 
20 Oct 1920 - 18 Nov 1920  Andrii Mykolaiovych Livytsky       (b. 1879 - d. 1954)   USDRP 
30 Jun 1941 -  9 Jul 1941  Yaroslav Stetsko (in rebellion)    (b. 1912 - d. 1986)   OUN

Soviet Russian Commander
27 Jan 1918 -  1 Mar 1918  Vladimir Aleksandrovich Antonov-   (b. 1883 - d. 1939)
                             Ovseyenko
German Military Governors at Kiev
 1 Mar 1918 -  1 Apr 1918  Alexander von Linsingen            (b. 1850 - d. 1935)
 2 Apr 1918 - 30 Jul 1918  Hermann Gottfried Emil von         (b. 1848 - d. 1918)
                             Eichhorn 
30 Jul 1918 - 14 Dec 1918  Günther Graf von Kirchbach         (b. 1850 - d. 1925)
Austrian Commanders in Eastern Ukraine at Odessa
12 Mar 1918 -  6 May 1918  Eduard Freiherr von Böhm-Ermolli   (b. 1856 - d. 1941) 
 6 May 1918 - 16 Dec 1918  Alfred Krauss                      (b. 1862 - d. 1938) 
Allied Commander in Odessa
18 Dec 1918 -  8 Apr 1919  Albert-Charles-Jules Borius        (b. 1865 - d. 1937)
                             (France)

Ukrainian State in Exile

Presidents (in Prague to 1945, then Munich)
 7 May 1921 - 25 May 1926  Symon Vasylovych Petlyura          (s.a.)                USRP
25 May 1926 - 17 Jan 1954  Andrii Mykolaiovych Livytsky       (s.a.)                USDRP
                             (acting to ... 1926)
17 Jan 1954 - 19 Oct 1965  Stepan Vytvytsky                   (b. 1884 - d. 1965)
                             (acting to 6 Mar 1954)
19 Oct 1965 -  8 Dec 1989  Mykola Andriiovych Livytsky        (b. 1908 - d. 1989)
                             (acting to 22 Mar 1967)
1990 - Sep 1992            Mykola Vasylovych Plaviuk          (b. 1925)

Prime ministers (in Prague to 1945, then Munich)
18 Nov 1920 - 1921         Andrii Mykolaiovych Livytsky       (s.a.)                USDRP
                             (1st time)
1921 - 1922                Pylyp Pylypchuk                    (b. 1869 - d. 1940)
1922 - 1926                Andrii Mykolaiovych Livytsky       (s.a.)                USDRP
                             (2nd time)
1926 -  7 Jun 1942         Vyacheslav Konstantinovych         (s.a.)
                             Prokopovych 
1942 - 1944                Oleksandr Yakovych Shulhyn         (b. 1889 - d. 1960)   UPSF
1944 - 1945                Andrii Yakovliv (acting)           (b. 1872 - d. 1955)
1945 - 1948                Kost Pankivskiy                    (b. 1897 - d. 1973)
1948 - 18 Mar 1952         Isaak Prokhorovych Mazepa          (s.a.)                USDRP
1952 -  4 Jun 1953         Stepan Baran                       (b. 1879 - d. 1953)
1954                       Stepan Vytvytsky                   (b. 1884 - d. 1965) 
1954 - 1957                Symon Sozontiv                     (b. 1898 - d. 1980)
1957 - 1967                Mykola Andriiovych Livytsky        (s.a.)
22 Mar 1967 - 1969         Atanas Figol                       (b. 1908 - d. 1993)
1969 - 1972                Spyrydon Dovgal                    (b. 1896 - d. 1975)
1972 - 1974                Vasyl' Fedoronchuk                 (b. 1915 - d. 1984)
1974 - 1980                Teofil Leontiy 
1980 - 1989                Yaroslav Bohdan Rudnycky           (b. 1910 - d. 200.)
1989 - 1992                Ivan Samiylenko

German Recognized Ukrainian Government in Exile

Chairman of the Ukrainian National Committee and Commander of
the Ukrainian National Army
17 Mar 1945 - 10 May 1945  Pavlo Shandruk                     (b. 1888 - d. 1979)  Mil
                             (in Graz, Austria exile)

Resistance to German and Soviet Occupation 1944 - 1956

Note: Ukrainian resistance groups against German occupation united as the Ukrainian Insurgent Army on 14 Oct 1942, which formed its political body in 1944. Resistance continued against Soviet re-occupation until 1956 when it was suppressed by Soviet troops.

Chairmen of the General Secretariat of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council
and supreme commanders of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army
14 Oct 1942 - 15 Jul 1944  Dmytro Hrytsay                      (b. 1907 - d. 1945)  OUN
15 Jul 1944 -  5 Mar 1950  Roman Shukhevych                    (b. 1907 - d. 1950)  OUN
1950 - 1956                Vasyl Kuk (Koval)                   (b. 1913)            OUN

Party abbreviations: KDP = Constitutional Democratic Party ("Cadets", conservative, social-democratic); Oct = Octoberists; OUN = Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (nationalist, anti-communist); UNS = Ukrainskyi Nationalnyi Soyuz (Ukrainian National Union, est.Aug 1918 USDRP + USRP); UPSF = Ukrainian Party of Socialist Federalists; USDRP = Ukrainian Social Democratic Worker's Party (est.1903, [1900-03 Ukrainian Revolutionary Party]);
USRP = Ukrainian Socialist Revolutionary Party; Mil = Military

25 Dec 1917                Ukraine People's Republic of the Soviets of Workers
                             and Peasants (independence from Russia).
18 Apr 1918 - Nov 1918     Authorities dissolved following Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
12 Feb 1918 - 19 Mar 1918  Donets Kryvyi Rih Soviet Republic
                             (19 Mar 1918 dissolved and integrated into Ukrainian Republic).
 6 Jan 1919                Ukrainian Socialist Conciliar Republic
30 Dec 1922                Founding component of the Soviet Union.
25 Jun 1941 - 1944         Occupied by Germany (Reichskommissariat of Ukraine; see below).
24 Aug 1991                Declaration of independence (confirmed 1 Dec 1991).
25 Dec 1991                Independence effective (dissolution of the U.S.S.R.).

Secretaries of Central Committee the (Ukrainian) Communist Party 
20 Apr 1918 - 26 May 1918  Mykola Oleksiiovych Skrypnyk       (b. 1872 - d. 1933)
                             (Secretary of the Organizational Bureau)
12 Jul 1918 -  9 Sep 1918  Yurii Leonidovych Pyatakov         (b. 1890 - d. 1937) 
 9 Sep 1918 - 23 Oct 1918  Serafima Ilyinichna Gopner (f)     (b. 1880 - d. 1966)
23 Oct 1918 - 30 May 1919  Emmanuil Ionovich Kviring          (b. 1888 - d. 1939)
30 May 1919 - 10 Dec 1919  Stanislav Vikentevich Kosior       (b. 1889 - d. 1939)
                             (1st time)
10 Dec 1919 - Jan 1920     Vacant
Jan 1920 - 23 Mar 1920     Rafail Borisovich Farbman (acting) (b. 1893 - d. 1966)
23 Mar 1920 - 25 Mar 1920  Nikolay Ilyich Nikolayev           (b. 1895 - d. 1937)
25 Mar 1920 - 23 Nov 1920  Stanislav Vikentevich Kosior       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
First Secretary of the Central Committee
23 Nov 1920 - 22 Mar 1921  Vyacheslav Mihailovich Molotov     (b. 1890 - d. 1986)
Executive Secretary of the Central Committee 
22 Mar 1921 - 15 Dec 1921  Feliks Jakovlevich Kon             (b. 1864 - d. 1941)
First Secretaries of the Communist Party
15 Dec 1921 - 10 Apr 1923  Dmitry Zakharovich Manuilsky       (b. 1883 - d. 1959)
10 Apr 1923 - 20 Mar 1925  Emmanuil Ionovich Kviring          (b. 1888 - d. 1937)
General Secretaries of the Central Committee
20 Mar 1925 -  7 Apr 1925  Emmanuil Ionovich Kviring          (s.a.)
 7 Apr 1925 - 14 Jul 1928  Lazar Moiseyevich Kaganovich       (b. 1893 - d. 1991)
14 Jul 1928 - 23 Jan 1934  Stanislav Vikentevich Kosior       (s.a.)
First Secretaries of the Central Committee
23 Jan 1934 - 27 Jan 1938  Stanislav Vikentevich Kosior       (s.a.)
27 Jan 1938 -  3 Mar 1947  Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev      (b. 1894 - d. 1971)
                             (1st time) (acting to 18 Jun 1938)
                             (1941 - 1944 in Russian SFSR exile)
 3 Mar 1947 - 26 Dec 1947  Lazar Moiseyevich Kaganovich       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) 
26 Dec 1947 - 16 Dec 1949  Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) 
16 Dec 1949 -  4 Jun 1953  Leonid Georgyevich Melnikov        (b. 1906 - d. 1981)
 4 Jun 1953 - 26 Dec 1957  Aleksey Illarionovich Kirichenko   (b. 1908 - d. 1975)
26 Dec 1957 -  2 Jul 1963  Nikolay Viktorovich Podgorny       (b. 1903 - d. 1983)
 2 Jul 1963 - 25 May 1972  Pyotr Yefimovich Shelest           (b. 1908 - d. 1996)
25 May 1972 - 28 Sep 1989  Vladimir Vasilyevich Shcherbitsky  (b. 1918 - d. 1990)
28 Sep 1989 - 22 Jun 1990  Vladimir Antonovich Ivashko        (b. 1932 - d. 1994)
22 Jun 1990 -  1 Sep 1991  Stanislav Ivanovich Gurenko        (b. 1936)

Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
25 Dec 1917 - 18 Mar 1918  Yukhym Hryhorovych Medvedyev       (b. 1886 - d. 1938)  RSDRP-B 
18 Mar 1918 - 18 Apr 1918  Volodymyr Petrovych Zatonsky       (b. 1888 - d. 1937)  RSDRP-B 
18 Apr 1918 - Nov 1918     All-Ukrainian Bureau For Directing the Partisan 
                           Resistance Against the German Occupiers
                           - Mykola Oleksiiovych Skrypnyk     (s.a.)               KPU
                           - Volodymyr Petrovych Zatonsky     (s.a.)               KPU 
                           - Andrii Serhiiovych Bubnov        (b. 1883 - d. 1940)  KPU
                           - Yurii Leonidovych Pyatakov       (s.a.)               KPU
                           - Yevhen Petrovych Terletsky       (b. 1892 - d. 1938)  KPU
                           - O. Odoyevsky                                          KPU
                           - Serhiy Dmytrovych Mstyslavsky    (b. 1876 - d. 1943)  KPU 
                           - Mykola Yevtykhiiovych Vrublevsky (b. 1897 - d. 1918)  KPU
                           - Stanislav Vikentiiovych Kosior   (s.a.)               KPU
                           (list not necessarily complete)
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
28 Nov 1918 - 10 Mar 1919  the heads of government (acting)
10 Mar 1919 - Mar 1938     Hryhorii Ivanovych Petrovsky       (b. 1878 - d. 1958)  KPU
                             (Grigory Ivanovich Petrovsky) 
Mar 1938 - 25 Jul 1938     Leonid Romanovich Korniyets        (b. 1901 - d. 1969)  KPU
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
25 Jul 1938 - 27 Jul 1938  Mikhail Alekseyevich Burmistenko   (b. 1902 - d. 1941)  KPU
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
27 Jul 1938 - Jul 1939     Leonid Romanovich Korniyets        (s.a.)               KPU
Jul 1939 - 18 Jan 1954     Mikhail Sergeyevich Grechukha      (b. 1902 - d. 1976)  KPU
                             (1941 - 1944 in Russian SFSR exile)
18 Jul 1954 -  7 Apr 1969  Demyan Sergeyevich Korotchenko     (b. 1894 - d. 1969)  KPU
10 Jun 1969 - Jun 1972     Aleksandr Pavlovich Lyashko        (b. 1915 - d. 2002)  KPU
28 Jul 1972 - 24 Jun 1976  Ivan Samoilovich Grushetsky        (b. 1904 - d. 1982)  KPU
24 Jun 1976 - 22 Nov 1984  Aleksey Fedoseyevich Vatchenko     (b. 1914 - d. 1984)  KPU
22 Nov 1984 -  4 Jun 1990  Valentina Semyonovna Shevchenko (f)(b. 1935)            KPU
                             (acting to 27 Mar 1985)
Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet
 4 Jun 1990 - 23 Jul 1990  Vladimir Antonovich Ivashko        (s.a.)               KPU
23 Jul 1990 -  1 Dec 1991  Leonid Makarovich Kravchuk         (b. 1934)          KPU/Non-party

People's Secretary of Internal Affairs
30 Dec 1917 -  9 Mar 1918  Evheniya Bohdanivna Bosch (f)      (b. 1879 – d. 1925)  RSDRP-B 
Chairman of the People's Secretariat
 9 Mar 1918 - 18 Apr 1918  Mykola Oleksiiovych Skrypnyk       (s.a.)               RSDRP-B
Chairman of the Provisional Workers' and Peasants Government' of Ukraine
28 Nov 1918 - 29 Jan 1919  Yurii Leonidovych Pyatakov         (s.a.)               KPU
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (initially also 
styled Chairman of the Workers' and Peasants' Government of Ukraine)
29 Jan 1919 - 11 Dec 1919  Khrystyyan Georgiiovych Rakovsky   (b. 1873 - d. 1941)  KPU
                             (Christian Georgyevich Rakovsky)
                             (1st time)
Chairman of the All-Ukrainian Revolutionary Committee
11 Dec 1919 - 19 Feb 1920  Hryhorii Ivanovych Petrovsky       (s.a.)               KPU
                             (Grigory Ivanovich Petrovsky) 
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
19 Feb 1920 - 15 Jul 1923  Christian Georgyevich Rakovsky     (s.a.)               KPU
                             (2nd time)
15 Jul 1923 - 28 Apr 1934  Vlas Yakovlevich Chubar            (b. 1891 - d. 1939)  KPU
28 Apr 1934 - 30 Aug 1937  Panas Petrovich Lyubchenko         (b. 1897 - d. 1937)  KPU
30 Aug 1937 - 13 Oct 1937  Mikhail Ilich Bondarenko           (b. 1903 - d. 1938)  KPU
13 Oct 1937 - 21 Feb 1938  Nikolay Makarovich Marchak (acting)(b. 1904 - d. 1938)  KPU
21 Feb 1938 -  6 Aug 1939  Demyan Sergeyevich Korotchenko     (s.a.)               KPU
                             (1st time)
 6 Aug 1939 - 16 Feb 1944  Leonid Romanovich Korniyets        (s.a.)               KPU
                             (1941 - 1944 in Russian SFSR exile)
16 Feb 1944 - 25 Mar 1946  Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev      (s.a.)               KPU
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
25 Mar 1946 -  4 Mar 1947  Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev      (s.a.)               KPU
 4 Mar 1947 - 15 Jan 1954  Demyan Sergeyevich Korotchenko     (s.a.)               KPU
                             (2nd time)
15 Jan 1954 - 28 Feb 1961  Nikifor Timofeyevich Kalchenko     (b. 1906 - d. 1989)  KPU
28 Feb 1961 - 28 Jun 1963  Vladimir Vasilyevich Shcherbitsky  (s.a.)               KPU
                             (1st time) 
28 Jun 1963 - 22 Oct 1965  Ivan Pavlovich Kazanets            (b. 1918)            KPU
22 Oct 1965 -  8 Jun 1972  Vladimir Vasilyevich Shcherbitsky  (s.a.)               KPU
                             (2nd time) 
 8 Jun 1972 - 10 Jul 1990  Aleksandr Pavlovich Lyashko        (s.a.)               KPU
10 Jul 1990 - 23 Oct 1990  Vitaly Andreyevich Masol           (b. 1928)            KPU
23 Oct 1990 -  2 Oct 1992  Vitold Pavlovich Fokin             (b. 1932)          KPU/Non-party
                             (acting to 14 Nov 1990)

Party abbreviation: KPU = Kommunistychna Partiya Ukrainy (Communist Party of Ukraine, communist, est.Jul 1918); RSDRP-B = Russian Social Democratic Worker’s Party-Bolshevik

Chairman of Military and Revolutionary Committee
Jan 1918 - 13 Mar 1918      Ivan Fyodorovich Smirnov          (b. 1885 - d. 1919)

Chairman of People's Commissars Council
17 Jan 1918 - Feb 1918      Vladimir Grigoryevich Yudovsky    (b. 1880 - d. 1949)
Chairman of Executive Committee
Feb 1918 - 13 Mar 1918      Pyotr Ivanovich Starostin         (b. 1881 - d. 1918)

19 Mar 1918                Dissolved.

Chairman of the Council of People's Comissars 
12 Feb 1918 - 19 Mar 1918  Fedir Andriiovych Artem               (b. 1883 - d. 1921) 
                             (Fyodor Andryovych Serhyeyev)

24 Aug 1991                Declaration of independence (confirmed 1 Dec 1991).
25 Dec 1991                Independence effective (dissolution of the U.S.S.R.).

Presidents
 5 Dec 1991 - 19 Jul 1994  Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk             (b. 1934)        Non-party
19 Jul 1994 - 23 Jan 2005  Leonid Danylovych Kuchma               (b. 1938)        Non-party
23 Jan 2005 -              Viktor Andriyovich Yushchenko          (b. 1954)        BYNU/NU

Prime ministers 
23 Oct 1990 -  2 Oct 1992  Vitold Pavlovych Fokin                 (b. 1932)      KPU/Non-party
                             (acting to 14 Nov 1990)
 2 Oct 1992 - 13 Oct 1992  Valentyn Kostyantinovych Symonenko     (b. 1940)        Non-party
                             (acting) 
13 Oct 1992 - 22 Sep 1993  Leonid Danylovych Kuchma               (s.a.)           Non-party
22 Sep 1993 - 16 Jun 1994  Yukhim Leonidovych Zvyahilsky          (b. 1933)        Non-party
                             (acting) 
16 Jun 1994 -  1 Mar 1995  Vitalii Andriyovych Masol              (b. 1928)        Non-party
 1 Mar 1995 - 28 May 1996  Yevhen Kyrylovych Marchuk              (b. 1941)        Non-party
                             (acting to 8 Jun 1995)
28 May 1996 -  2 Jul 1997  Pavlo Ivanovych Lazarenko              (b. 1953)        Non-party
19 Jun 1997 - 16 Jul 1997  Vasyl Vasylovych Durdynets             (b. 1937)        Non-party
                             (acting [for Lazrenko to 2 Jul 1997])
16 Jul 1997 - 22 Dec 1999  Valerii Pavlovych Pustovoitenko        (b. 1947) Non-party;1998 NDP
22 Dec 1999 - 29 May 2001  Viktor Andriyovich Yushchenko          (s.a.)           Non-party
29 May 2001 - 21 Nov 2002  Anatolii Kyrylovych Kinakh             (b. 1954)        Non-party
21 Nov 2002 -  5 Jan 2005  Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych (1st time)(b. 1950)        PR
 7 Dec 2004 - 28 Dec 2004  Mykola Yanovych Azarov                 (b. 1947)        Non-party
                             (acting for Yanukovych)
 5 Jan 2005 - 24 Jan 2005  Mykola Yanovych Azarov (acting)        (s.a.)           Non-party
24 Jan 2005 -  8 Sep 2005  Yulia Volodymyrivna Tymoshenko (f)     (b. 1960)        VOB + BYuT
                             (1st time)(acting to 4 Feb 2005)
 8 Sep 2005 -  4 Aug 2006  Yurii Ivanovych Yekhanurov             (b. 1948)        NU
                             (acting to 22 Sep 2005)
 4 Aug 2006 - 18 Dec 2007  Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych (2nd time)(s.a.)           PR
18 Dec 2007 -              Yulia Volodymyrivna Tymoshenko (f)     (s.a.)           BYuT
                             (2nd time)

Territorial Disputes: 1997 boundary delimitation treaty with Belarus remains un-ratified due to unresolved financial claims, stalling demarcation and reducing border security; delimitation of land boundary with Russia is complete with preparations for demarcation underway; the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov remains unresolved despite a Dec 2003 framework agreement and ongoing expert-level discussions; Moldova and Ukraine operate joint customs posts to monitor transit of people and commodities through Moldova's break-away Transnistria Region, which remains under OSCE supervision; the ICJ gave Ukraine until Dec 2006 to reply, and Romania until Jun 2007 to rejoin, in their dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary; Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea.

Party abbreviations: BYuT = Viborcyi Blok Yulii Tymoshenko (Yulia Tymoshenko Election Bloc, reformist, est.2002); KPU = Kommunistychna Partiya Ukrainy (Communist Party of Ukraine, communist, est.Jul 1918); NDP = Narodno-Demokratychna Partiya Ukrainy (Peoples' Democratic Party of Ukraine, centrist); NRU = Narodniy Rukh Ukrainy (People's Movement of Ukraine, conservative/reformist, nationalist); NSNU = Narodnyi Soyuz Nasha Ukrayina (People's Union Our Ukraine); NU = Nasha Ukrajina ("Our Ukraine", reformist, formerly, Viktor Yushchenko Election Bloc-Our Ukraine, BYNU); PR = Partiya Regioniv (Party of the Regions, (Donetsk regionalist, pro-Kuchma/presidendtial); VOB = Vseukrainske obyednannya "Batkivshchyna" (All-Ukrainian Union 'Fatherland', social-democratic, est.1999); 
- Former parties: BYNU = Blok Viktora Yuschenka Nasha Ukrayina (Viktor Yushchenko "Bloc Our Ukraine," reformist, later NSNU); UNM = Ukraine National Movement (Ukrainian communist, nationalist, anti-USSR communists)

 

Map of Ukraine 1941-1944	Capital: Rowno (Rivne)	Currency: Reichs Karbowanez (UAC)	Population: 41,340,000 (1941 est.)
Districts (Generalbezirk)

25 Jun 1941 -  2 Feb 1944  Ukraine occupied by Germany (from 
                             1 Sep 1941, Reichskommissariat of Ukraine).

German Commander
25 Jun 1941 - 31 Aug 1941  Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt (b. 1875 - d. 1953)
Reichskommissare
 1 Sep 1941 -  6 Oct 1943  Erich Koch                     (b. 1896 - d. 1986)  NSDAP
1942 - 194.                Paul Dargel (acting for Koch)  (b. 1903 - d. 19..)  NSDAP
Oct 1943 - 1944            Curt von Gottberg              (b. 1896 - d. 1945)  NSDAP

Party abbreviation: NSDAP = Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Worker's Party, German nationalist, Nazi fascist)

           13 Nov 1918 - 22 Jan 1919
 

Map of Western Ukraine

Capital: L'viv (Ternopil 22 Nov 1918- 1 Jan 1919;  Stanislav Jan 1-22 1919)

Currency: Ukraine Grivna (UAG)

Population: N/A (1918)

26 Apr 1795                Annexed by Austria from Poland (part of Galicia).
 1 Nov 1918                Ukrainian State (independence from Austria).
13 Nov 1918                Western Ukrainian People's Republic
22 Jan 1919                Incorporation into Ukraine; later alternately
                             incorporated into Poland (1920) and Ukraine (1939-41).
20 Apr 1920                Annexation by Poland (Western Ukrainian government in exile est.)
15 Mar 1923                Ambassadors council recognizes Polish annexation.
 1 Aug 1941                Galizien district of German occupied General-government.
Jul 1944                   Occupied by Soviet forces.
15 Sep 1947                Incorporation into Ukrainian S.S.R. (in Soviet Union) 
                             (de facto from 1944).
 

President of the Ukrainian National Council
 1 Nov 1918 - 22 Jan 1919  Yevhen Petrushevych                (b. 1863 - d. 1940)
                           (in Vienna, Austria exile 20 Apr 1920 - 15 Mar 1923)
Galizien District Chief
 1 Aug 1941 - 30 Sep 1941  Karl Lasch                         (b. 1904 - d. 1942)
Governors
 1 Oct 1941 - 22 Jan 1942  Karl Lasch                         (s.a.)
Feb 1942 - Jul 1944        Otto Gustav Freiherr von Wächter   (b. 1901 - d. 1949)

Chairmen of the State Secretariat
 9 Nov 1918 - Dec 1918     Kost' Levytsky                     (b. 1859 - d. 1941)
 3 Jan 1919 - 22 Jan 1919  Sydir Holubovych                   (b. 1875 - d. 1938)

 1 Nov 1918                Incorporated into Poland.
 6 Jul 1920                Provisional Soviet Government of Eastern
                             Galitzia founded in Tarnopol on territories
                             in Poland occupied by Russian Red Army.
 1 Aug 1920                Galitzian Socialist Soviet Republic proclaimed.
21 Sep 1920                Eastern Galitzia re-occupied by Polish Army.
17 Sep 1939                Annexed by U.S.S.R. (part of Ukrainian S.S.R.).
21 Jun 1941 - 1944         Occupied by Germany.

Chairman of the Central Committee of Communist Party of Eastern Galitzia
Feb 1919 - 21 Sep 1920?    Karl A. Savrich                    (b. 1892 - d. 1937)

Chairman of the Galitzian Revolutionary Committee ("Galrevkom")
 6 Jul 1920 - 21 Sep 1920  Volodymyr Petrovych Zatonsky       (b. 1888 - d. 1938)

President of the Central National Council 
 5 Dec 1918 - 12 Mar 1920  Jaroslav Kaczmarczyk               (b. 1884 - d. af.1939)

Chairman of the Executive Council
 5 Dec 1918 - Mar 1920     Mykhal Iurchakevych 

               bf.1848 -  31 Dec 1918
 

Map of Bukovina

Capital: Czernowitz (Chernovsty)

Currency 1918: Ukraine Grivna (UAG)

Population: 800,198 (1910)

1490                       Part of Moldavia (under suzerainty of Ottoman Empire).
14 Sep 1739 - Oct 1739     Occupied Russia.
15 Dec 1769 - Sep 1774     Occupied by Russia.
Oct 1774 - 1775            Occupied by Austria.
 7 May 1775                Annexed by Austria.
16 Sep 1786                Amalgamated with Galicia (see Poland).
 4 Mar 1849                Separate Austrian crownland as the Duchy of Bukovina
                             (Herzogtum Bukowina).
Aug 1849 - 26 Feb 1861     Amalgamated with Galicia.
26 Feb 1861                Autonomy restored.
21 Dec 1867                Part of "Austrian half" of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
                             (i.e. of the "Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial 
                             Diet").
26 Nov 1914 - 17 Feb 1915  Russian occupation.
18 Jun 1916 - 1917         Russian occupation.
12 Nov 1918                Independence from Austria; Northern Bukovina (Czernowitz) votes
                             to united with Ukraine, Southern Bukovina votes to join Romania. 
31 Dec 1918                All of Bukovina incorporated into Romania.
27 Jun 1940                Northern Bukovina annexed by Soviet Union (as part of Ukrainian
                             S.S.R.).
 5 Jul 1941                Northern Bukovina re-incorporated into Romania.
15 Sep 1947                Incorporation of Northern Bukovina into Ukrainian S.S.R.
                             (as part of Soviet Union; de facto from 1944).

Dukes (title Herzog von Bukowina)
 4 Mar 1849 - 12 Nov 1918  the Emperors of Austria

Administrators
Oct 1774 - 1778            Gabriel Freiherr von Spleny
1778 - 16 Sep 1786         Karl Freiherr von Enzenberg
16 Sep 1786 -  4 Mar 1849  Amalgamated with Galicia
Mar 1849 - Jul 1849        Eduard von Bach
Jul 1849 - Mar 1853        Adalbert von Henniger
Landespräsidenten
 6 Mar 1853 - 27 Nov 1857  Franz Schmuck
1858 - 1859                Karl Graf Nothkirch-Panthen
1861 - 186.                Wenzel Ritter von Martina
1862 - 1865                Rodolph Graf von Amadei
1866 - 1870                Franz Ritter Myrbach von 
                             Rheinfeld
1870 - 1874                Felix Pino von Friedenthal
                             (1st time)
1874 - 1886                H. von Alesani
1886 - 1890                Felix Pino von Friedenthal
                             (2nd time)
1891 - 1892                Anton Graf